10-K 1 form10k.htm STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. 10-K 12-31-2016

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10‑K
(Mark One)

☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transaction period from ____ to ____
Commission file number: 1‑4743
Standard Motor Products, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York |  | 11-1362020
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
37-18 Northern Blvd., Long Island City, N.Y. |  | 11101
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: |  | (718) 392-0200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |  |
Title of each class |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $2.00 per share |  | New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: |  | None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S‑K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10‑K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer ☑ |  | Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer ☐ | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the voting common stock based on the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2016 (the last business day of registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) of $39.78 per share held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $803,336,566. For purposes of the foregoing calculation only, all directors and officers have been deemed to be affiliates, but the registrant disclaims that any of such are affiliates.
As of February 16, 2017, there were 22,836,471 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $2.00 per share.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The information required by Part III of this Report is incorporated herein by reference from the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 18, 2017.

STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC.

PART I. | INDEX | Page No.
Item 1. | Business | 3
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 13
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 20
Item 2. | Properties | 21
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 22
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 22
PART II. |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 22
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 24
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 26
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 43
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 44
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 86
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 86
Item 9B. | Other Information | 87
PART III. |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 87
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 87
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 87
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | 87
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 87
PART IV. |
Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 88
| Signatures | 89

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PART I
In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “Standard Motor Products,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Standard Motor Products, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise. This Report, including the documents incorporated herein by reference, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements in this Report are indicated by words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “believes,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “projects,” “strategies” and similar expressions. These statements represent our expectations based on current information and assumptions and are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those which are anticipated or projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, changes in business relationships with our major customers and in the timing, size and continuation of our customers’ programs; changes in our receivables factoring arrangements; the ability of our customers to achieve their projected sales; competitive product and pricing pressures; increases in production or material costs that cannot be recouped in product pricing; the performance of the aftermarket, heavy duty, industrial equipment and original equipment service markets; changes in the product mix and distribution channel mix; economic and market conditions; successful integration of acquired businesses; our ability to achieve benefits from our cost savings initiatives; product liability and environmental matters (including, without limitation, those related to asbestos-related contingent liabilities and remediation costs at certain properties); as well as other risks and uncertainties, such as those described under Risk Factors, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk and those detailed herein and from time to time in the filings of the Company with the SEC. Forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In addition, historical information should not be considered as an indicator of future performance.

ITEM 1. | BUSINESS

Overview
We are a leading independent manufacturer and distributor of replacement parts for motor vehicles in the automotive aftermarket industry with a complementary focus on heavy duty, industrial equipment and the original equipment service market. We are organized into two major operating segments, each of which focuses on specific lines of replacement parts. Our Engine Management Segment manufactures and remanufactures ignition and emission parts, ignition wires, battery cables, fuel system parts and sensors for vehicle systems. Our Temperature Control Segment manufactures and remanufactures air conditioning compressors, air conditioning and heating parts, engine cooling system parts, power window accessories, and windshield washer system parts.
We sell our products primarily to warehouse distributors, large retail chains, original equipment manufacturers and original equipment service part operations in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe. Our customers consist of many of the leading warehouse distributors and auto parts retail chains, such as NAPA Auto Parts (National Automotive Parts Association, Inc.), Advance Auto Parts, Inc./CARQUEST Auto Parts, AutoZone, Inc., O’Reilly Automotive, Inc., Canadian Tire Corporation Limited and The Pep Boys Manny, Moe & Jack, as well as national program distribution groups, such as Auto Value and All Pro/Bumper to Bumper (Aftermarket Auto Parts Alliance, Inc.), Automotive Distribution Network LLC, The National Pronto Association (“Pronto”), Federated Auto Parts Distributors, Inc. (“Federated”), Pronto and Federated’s affiliate, the Automotive Parts Services Group or The Group, Auto Plus and specialty market distributors. We distribute parts under our own brand names, such as Standard®, Blue Streak®, BWD®, Select®, Intermotor®, GP Sorensen®, TechSmart®, Tech Expert®, OEM®, LockSmart®, Four Seasons®, EVERCO®, ACi®, COMPRESSORWORKS® and Hayden® and through co-labels and private labels, such as CARQUEST®, Duralast®, Duralast Gold®, Import Direct®, Master Pro®, Omni-Spark®, Ultima Select®, Murray®, NAPA® Echlin®, NAPA Proformer™ Mileage Plus®, NAPA Temp Products™, NAPA® Belden®, Cold Power®, DriveworksTM and ToughOneTM .
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Business Strategy
Our goal is to grow revenues and earnings and deliver returns in excess of our cost of capital by being the best-in-class, full-line, full-service supplier of premium products to the engine management and temperature control markets. The key elements of our strategy are as follows:

| · | Maintain Our Strong Competitive Position in the Engine Management and Temperature Control Businesses. We are one of the leading independent manufacturers and distributors serving North America and other geographic areas in our core businesses of Engine Management and Temperature Control. We believe that our success is attributable to our emphasis on product quality, the breadth and depth of our product lines for both domestic and import vehicles, and our reputation for outstanding value-added services.

To maintain our strong competitive position in our markets, we remain committed to the following:

| · | providing our customers with full-line coverage of high quality engine management and temperature control products, supported by the highest level of value-added services;

| · | continuing to maximize our production, supply chain and distribution efficiencies;

| · | continuing to improve our cost position through increased global sourcing and increased manufacturing at our low-cost plants; and

| · | focusing on our engineering development efforts including a focus on bringing more product manufacturing in house.

| · | Provide Superior Value-Added Services, Product Availability and Technical Support. Our goal is to increase sales to existing and new customers by leveraging our skills in rapidly filling orders, maintaining high levels of product availability, providing insightful customer category management, and providing technical support in a cost‑effective manner. In addition, our category management and technically skilled sales force professionals provide product selection, assortment and application support to our customers.

| · | Expand Our Product Lines. We intend to increase our sales by continuing to develop internally, or through acquisitions, the range of Engine Management and Temperature Control products that we offer to our customers. We are committed to investing the resources necessary to maintain and expand our technical capability to manufacture multiple product lines that incorporate the latest technologies.

| · | Broaden Our Customer Base. Our goal is to increase our customer base by (a) continuing to leverage our manufacturing capabilities to secure additional original equipment business globally with automotive, industrial, marine, military and heavy duty vehicle and equipment manufacturers and their service part operations as well as our existing customer base including traditional warehouse distributors, large retailers, other manufacturers and export customers, and (b) supporting the service part operations of vehicle and equipment manufacturers with value-added services and product support for the life of the part.

| · | Improve Operating Efficiency and Cost Position. Our management places significant emphasis on improving our financial performance by achieving operating efficiencies and improving asset utilization, while maintaining product quality and high customer order fill rates. We intend to continue to improve our operating efficiency and cost position by:

| · | increasing cost‑effective vertical integration in key product lines through internal development;

| · | focusing on integrated supply chain management, customer collaboration and vendor managed inventory initiatives;

| · | evaluating additional opportunities to relocate manufacturing to our low-cost plants;

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| · | maintaining and improving our cost effectiveness and competitive responsiveness to better serve our customer base, including sourcing certain materials and products from low cost regions such as those in Asia without compromising product quality;

| · | enhancing company‑wide programs geared toward manufacturing and distribution efficiency; and

| · | focusing on company‑wide overhead and operating expense cost reduction programs.

| · | Cash Utilization. We intend to apply any excess cash flow from operations and the management of working capital primarily to reduce our outstanding indebtedness, pay dividends to our shareholders, repurchase shares of our common stock, expand our product lines and grow revenues through acquisitions.

The Automotive Aftermarket
The automotive aftermarket industry is comprised of a large number of diverse manufacturers varying in product specialization and size. In addition to manufacturing, aftermarket companies allocate resources towards an efficient distribution process and product engineering in order to maintain the flexibility and responsiveness on which their customers depend. Aftermarket manufacturers must be efficient producers of small lot sizes and do not have to provide systems engineering support. Aftermarket manufacturers also must distribute, with rapid turnaround times, products for a full range of domestic and import vehicles on the road. The primary customers of the automotive aftermarket manufacturers are national and regional warehouse distributors, large retail chains, automotive repair chains and the dealer service networks of original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”).
The automotive aftermarket industry differs substantially from the OEM supply business. Unlike the OEM supply business that primarily follows trends in new car production, the automotive aftermarket industry’s performance primarily tends to follow different trends, such as:

| · | growth in number of vehicles on the road;

| · | increase in average vehicle age;

| · | change in total miles driven per year;

| · | new or modified environmental and vehicle safety regulations, including fuel-efficiency and emissions reduction standards;

| · | increase in pricing of new cars;

| · | economic and financial market conditions;

| · | new car quality and related warranties;

| · | changes in automotive technologies;

| · | change in vehicle scrap rates; and

| · | change in average fuel prices.

Traditionally, the parts manufacturers of OEMs and the independent manufacturers who supply the original equipment (“OE”) part applications have supplied a majority of the business to new car dealer networks. However, certain parts manufacturers have become more independent and are no longer affiliated with OEMs, which has provided, and may continue to provide, opportunities for us to supply replacement parts to the dealer service networks of the OEMs, both for warranty and out‑of‑warranty repairs.
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Financial Information about our Operating Segments
The table below shows our consolidated net sales by operating segment and by major product group within each segment for the three years ended December 31, 2016. Our two major reportable operating segments are Engine Management and Temperature Control.

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | Amount |  |  | % of Total |  |  | Amount |  |  | % of Total |  |  | Amount |  |  | % of Total |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Engine Management: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ignition, Emission and Fuel System Parts |  | $ | 616,523 |  |  |  | 58.2 | % |  | $ | 598,161 |  |  |  | 61.6 | % |  | $ | 600,867 |  |  |  | 61.3 | %
Wires and Cables |  |  | 149,016 |  |  |  | 14.1 | % |  |  | 99,860 |  |  |  | 10.3 | % |  |  | 108,396 |  |  |  | 11.0 | %
Total Engine Management |  |  | 765,539 |  |  |  | 72.3 | % |  |  | 698,021 |  |  |  | 71.9 | % |  |  | 709,263 |  |  |  | 72.3 | %
Temperature Control: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compressors |  |  | 148,623 |  |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 127,861 |  |  |  | 13.2 | % |  |  | 124,238 |  |  |  | 12.7 | %
Other Climate Control |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Parts |  |  | 135,117 |  |  |  | 12.8 | % |  |  | 136,617 |  |  |  | 14.1 | % |  |  | 134,827 |  |  |  | 13.8 | %
Total Temperature Control |  |  | 283,740 |  |  |  | 26.8 | % |  |  | 264,478 |  |  |  | 27.3 | % |  |  | 259,065 |  |  |  | 26.5 | %
All Other |  |  | 9,203 |  |  |  | 0.9 | % |  |  | 9,476 |  |  |  | 0.8 | % |  |  | 12,064 |  |  |  | 1.2 | %
Total |  | $ | 1,058,482 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 971,975 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 980,392 |  |  |  | 100 | %

The following table shows our operating profit and identifiable assets by operating segment for the three years ended December 31, 2016.

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | Operating Income (Loss) |  |  | Identifiable Assets |  |  | Operating Income (Loss) |  |  | Identifiable Assets |  |  | Operating Income (Loss) |  |  | Identifiable Assets |
|  | (In thousands) |
Engine Management |  | $ | 101,529 |  |  | $ | 506,625 |  |  | $ | 88,007 |  |  | $ | 413,102 |  |  | $ | 103,861 |  |  | $ | 409,275 |
Temperature Control |  |  | 17,563 |  |  |  | 171,136 |  |  |  | 6,382 |  |  |  | 177,201 |  |  |  | 6,445 |  |  |  | 173,070 |
All Other |  |  | (21,025 | ) |  |  | 90,936 |  |  |  | (18,529 | ) |  |  | 90,761 |  |  |  | (24,968 | ) |  |  | 91,206 |
Total |  | $ | 98,067 |  |  | $ | 768,697 |  |  | $ | 75,860 |  |  | $ | 681,064 |  |  | $ | 85,338 |  |  | $ | 673,551 |

“All Other” consists of items pertaining to our corporate headquarters function and our Canadian business unit, each of which does not meet the criteria of a reportable operating segment.
Engine Management Segment
Breadth of Products.
We manufacture and distribute a full line of engine management replacement parts, including electronic ignition control modules, fuel injectors, remanufactured diesel injectors and pumps, ignition wires, coils, switches, relays, EGR valves, distributor caps and rotors, various sensors primarily measuring temperature, pressure and position in numerous vehicle systems (such as camshaft and crankshaft position, fuel pressure, vehicle speed, tire pressure monitoring (TPMS) and mass airflow sensors), electronic throttle bodies and many other engine management components primarily under our brand names Standard®, Blue Streak®, BWD®, Select®, Intermotor®, OEM®, LockSmart®, TechSmart®, Tech Expert® and GP Sorensen®, and through co-labels and private labels such as CARQUEST®, Duralast®, Duralast Gold®, Import Direct®, Master Pro®, NAPA® Echlin®, NAPA ProformerTM Mileage Plus®, NAPA® Belden®, Omni-Spark®, Ultima Select® and DriveworksTM.
We are a basic manufacturer of many of the engine management parts we market. Our strategy includes expanding our product lines through strategic acquisitions in addition to sourcing certain materials and products from low cost regions such as those in Asia. In our Engine Management Segment, replacement parts for ignition, emission control and fuel systems accounted for approximately 58% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 62% of our consolidated net sales in 2015 and 61% of our consolidated net sales in 2014.
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Computer-Controlled Technology. Nearly all new vehicles are factory‑equipped with computer‑controlled engine management systems to monitor and control ignition, emissions, fuel economy, transmission and many other automotive systems. The on‑board computers monitor inputs from many types of sensors located throughout the vehicle, and control a myriad of valves, solenoids, coils, switches and motors to manage engine and vehicle performance. Computer-controlled engine management systems enable the engine to operate with improved fuel efficiency and reduced levels of hazardous emissions.
Government mandated emissions and fuel economy regulations have been implemented throughout the United States. The Clean Air Act imposes strict emissions control test standards on existing and new vehicles, and remains the preeminent legislation in the area of vehicle emissions. As many states have implemented required inspection/maintenance tests, the Environmental Protection Agency, through its rulemaking ability, has also encouraged both manufacturers and drivers to reduce vehicle emissions. Automobiles must now comply with emissions standards from the time they were manufactured and, in most states, until the last day they are in use. This law and other government emissions laws and fuel economy regulations have had a positive impact on sales of our ignition, emissions control and fuel delivery parts since vehicles failing these laws may require repairs utilizing parts sold by us.
Our sales of sensors, valves, solenoids and related parts have increased as automobile manufacturers equip their cars with more complex engine management systems.
Safety, Driver Assistance and Collision Avoidance Systems. An increasing number of new vehicles are factory equipped with government-mandated safety devices, such as anti-lock braking systems, and air bags. As these systems mature, requiring servicing and repair, we anticipate increased sales opportunities for many of our products such as ABS sensors, tire pressure monitoring systems, and traction control products. Newer automotive systems include Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Collision Avoidance Systems to alert the driver to potential problems, or to avoid collisions by implementing safeguards. Many of these systems use on-board computers to monitor inputs from sensing devices located throughout the vehicle. As the use and complexity of these systems continue to develop and proliferate, we expect to identify and benefit from new sales opportunities within this category such as ultrasonic sensors.
Wire and Cable Products. Wire and cable parts accounted for approximately 14% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 10% of our consolidated net sales in 2015 and 11% of our consolidated net sales in 2014. These products include ignition (spark plug) wires, wire harnesses, battery cables and a wide range of electrical wire, terminals, connectors and tools for servicing an automobile’s electrical system.
We have historically offered ignition wires and battery cables under premium brands, which capitalize on the market’s awareness of the importance of quality, along with “value” priced brands for older vehicle applications. We extrude high voltage ignition wire for use in our wire sets. The vertical integration of this critical component offers us the ability to achieve lower costs and a controlled source of supply and quality.
In May 2016, we acquired the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation. The acquisition included General Cable Corporation’s automotive ignition wire business in the United States, Canada and Mexico. We believe the acquisition will improve our cost position by adding additional resources to our low-cost plants, and permit opportunities for further market penetration in this category of products.
Temperature Control Segment
We manufacture, remanufacture and distribute a full line of replacement parts for automotive temperature control (air conditioning and heating) systems, engine cooling systems, power window accessories and windshield washer systems, primarily under our brand names of Four Seasons®, EVERCO®, ACi®, COMPRESSORWORKS® and Hayden® and through co-labels and private labels such as NAPA Temp Products™, Cold Power®, DriveworksTM, ToughOneTM and Murray®. The major product groups sold by our Temperature Control Segment are new and remanufactured compressors, clutch assemblies, blower and radiator fan motors, filter dryers, evaporators, accumulators, hose assemblies, thermal expansion devices, heater valves, heater cores, AC service tools and chemicals, fan assemblies, fan clutches, oil coolers, window lift motors, window regulators and assemblies, and windshield washer pumps. Our temperature control products accounted for approximately 27% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 2015 and 2014.
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Our Temperature Control business continues to implement cost savings initiatives in response to offshore competitive price pressures. We have consolidated excess manufacturing facilities and have implemented a program to improve our manufacturing and distribution efficiencies. In February 2016, we began implementation of a plant rationalization initiative to relocate certain production activities from our Grapevine, Texas manufacturing facility to facilities in Greenville, South Carolina and Reynosa, Mexico, relocate certain service functions from Grapevine, Texas to our administrative offices in Lewisville, Texas, and close our Grapevine, Texas facility. We are also continuing to improve our cost position through our global sourcing initiatives in low cost regions and by increasing our production of remanufactured and new compressors in our facility in Reynosa, Mexico.
Today’s vehicles are being produced with more complex AC systems that are designed to improve their efficiency and reduce their size. Our Temperature Control Segment continues to be a leader in providing superior training to service dealers who require access to up-to-date knowledge in proper maintenance and repair for changing technologies utilized in today’s vehicles. We believe that our training module (Diagnosing and Repairing the Top Automotive HVAC Problems) remains one of the most sought-after training clinics in the industry and among professional service dealers.
Financial Information about Our Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export Sales
We sell our line of products primarily in the United States, with additional sales in Canada, Europe, Asia and Latin America. Our sales are substantially denominated in U.S. dollars.
The table below shows our consolidated net sales by geographic area for the three years ended December 31, 2016.

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (In thousands) |
United States |  | $ | 952,019 |  |  | $ | 881,206 |  |  | $ | 884,701 |
Canada |  |  | 53,324 |  |  |  | 48,072 |  |  |  | 51,526 |
Europe |  |  | 14,703 |  |  |  | 16,305 |  |  |  | 18,061 |
Other foreign |  |  | 38,436 |  |  |  | 26,392 |  |  |  | 26,104 |
Total |  | $ | 1,058,482 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |  |  | $ | 980,392 |

The table below shows our long‑lived assets by geographic area for the three years ended December 31, 2016.

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (In thousands) |
United States |  | $ | 204,592 |  |  | $ | 155,438 |  |  | $ | 158,350 |
Canada |  |  | 1,344 |  |  |  | 1,190 |  |  |  | 1,546 |
Europe |  |  | 13,612 |  |  |  | 12,324 |  |  |  | 11,725 |
Other foreign |  |  | 23,801 |  |  |  | 21,634 |  |  |  | 20,957 |
Total |  | $ | 243,349 |  |  | $ | 190,586 |  |  | $ | 192,578 |

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Sales and Distribution
In the traditional channel, we sell our products to warehouse distributors, who supply auto parts jobber stores. Jobbers in turn sell to professional technicians and to “do-it-yourselfers” who perform automotive repairs on their personal vehicles. In recent years, warehouse distributors have consolidated with other distributors, and an increasing number of distributors own their jobber stores or sell down channel to professional technicians. In the retail channel, customers buy directly from us and sell directly to professional technicians and “do-it-yourselfers” through their own stores. Retailers are also consolidating with other retailers and have begun to increase their efforts to sell to professional technicians adding additional competition in the “do-it-for-me,” or the professional technician segment of our industry.
As automotive parts grow more complex, “do-it-yourselfers” are less likely to service their own vehicles and may become more reliant on automotive dealerships and independent service dealer technicians. In addition to new car sales, automotive dealerships sell OE brand parts and service vehicles. The products available through the dealers are purchased through the original equipment service (“OES”) network. Traditionally, the parts manufacturers of OEMs have supplied a majority of the OES network. However, certain parts manufacturers have become independent and are no longer affiliated with OEMs. In addition, many Tier 1 OEM suppliers are disinterested in providing service parts requirements for up to 15 years after the OE model has gone out of production. As a result of these factors, there are additional opportunities for independent automotive aftermarket manufacturers like us to supply the OES network.
Our sales force is structured to meet the needs of our traditional and retail customers across the distribution channel, allowing us to provide value-added services that we believe are unmatched by our competitors. We also believe that our sales force is the premier direct sales force for our product lines due to our concentration of highly‑qualified, well‑trained sales personnel. We provide our sales personnel extensive instruction at our training facility in Irving, Texas and provide an extensive continuing education program that allows our sales force to stay current on troubleshooting and repair techniques. The continuing education courses along with monthly supplemental web-based training are an integral part of our sales force development strategy.
In addition to training our sales personnel in the function and application of our products, we thoroughly train our sales personnel in proven sales techniques. Our traditional and retail customers, therefore, have come to depend on these sales personnel as a reliable source for technical information and to assist with sales to their customers (i.e., jobber stores, “do-it-yourselfers,” and professional technicians). In this manner, we direct a significant portion of our sales efforts to our customers’ customers to generate demand for our products, and we believe that the structure of our sales force facilitates these efforts by enabling us to implement our sales and marketing programs uniformly throughout the distribution channel. One of the ways we generate this demand is by offering technician seminars, which teach over 65,000 technicians annually how to diagnose and repair vehicles equipped with complex systems related to our products. To help our sales personnel to be teachers and trainers, we focus our recruitment efforts on candidates who have technical backgrounds as well as strong sales experience.
We offer a variety of strategic customer discounts, allowances and incentives to increase customer purchases of our products. For example, we offer cash discounts for paying invoices in accordance with the specified discounted terms of the invoice, and we offer pricing discounts based on volume purchased from us and participation in our cost reduction initiatives. We also offer rebates and discounts to customers as advertising and sales force allowances, and allowances for warranty and overstock returns are also provided. We believe these discounts, allowances and incentives are a common practice throughout the automotive aftermarket industry, and we intend to continue to offer them in response to competitive pressures and to strategically support the growth of all our products.
Customers
Our customer base is comprised largely of warehouse distributors, large retailers, OE/OES customers, other manufacturers and export customers. Our five largest individual customers, including members of a marketing group, accounted for approximately 70% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 68% of our consolidated net sales in 2015 and 69% of our consolidated net sales in 2014. During 2016, O’Reilly Automotive, Inc., NAPA Auto Parts, Advance Auto Parts, Inc., and AutoZone, Inc. accounted for 20%, 18%, 17% and 11% of our consolidated net sales, respectively. Net sales from each of the customers were reported in both our Engine Management and Temperature Control Segments.
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Competition
We are a leading independent manufacturer and distributor of replacement parts for product lines in Engine Management and Temperature Control. We compete primarily on the basis of product quality, product availability, value-added services, product coverage, order turn‑around time, order fill rate, technical support and price. We believe we differentiate ourselves from our competitors primarily through:

| · | a value‑added, knowledgeable sales force;

| · | extensive product coverage in conjunction with market leading brands;

| · | rigorous product qualification standards to ensure that our parts meet or exceed exacting performance specifications;

| · | sophisticated parts cataloguing systems;

| · | inventory levels and logistical systems sufficient to meet the rapid delivery requirements of customers;

| · | breadth of manufacturing capabilities; and

| · | award-winning marketing programs and sales support and technical training.

In the Engine Management business, we are one of the leading independent manufacturers and distributors in the United States. Our competitors include ACDelco, Delphi Automotive PLC, Denso Corporation, Continental AG, Hitachi, Ltd., Motorcraft, Robert Bosch GmbH, Visteon Corporation, NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Dorman Products, Inc. and several privately-owned companies importing products from Asia.
Our Temperature Control business is one of the leading independent manufacturers and distributors of a full line of temperature control products in North America and other geographic areas. ACDelco, Delphi Automotive PLC, Denso Corporation, Motorcraft, Sanden International, Inc., Continental AG, and several privately-owned companies are some of our key competitors in this market.
The automotive aftermarket is highly competitive, and we face substantial competition in all markets that we serve. Our success in the marketplace continues to depend on our ability to offer competitive prices, improved products, superior value-added services and expanded offerings in competition with many other suppliers to the aftermarket. Some of our competitors may have greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. In addition, we face competition from automobile manufacturers who supply many of the replacement parts sold by us, although these manufacturers generally supply parts only for cars they produce through OE dealerships.
Seasonality
Historically, our operating results have fluctuated by quarter, with the greatest sales occurring in the second and third quarters of the year and revenues generally being recognized at the time of shipment. It is in these quarters that demand for our products is typically the highest, specifically in the Temperature Control Segment of our business. In addition to this seasonality, the demand for our Temperature Control products during the second and third quarters of the year may vary significantly with the summer weather and customer inventories. For example, a cool summer, as we experienced in both 2014 and 2013, may lessen the demand for our Temperature Control products, while a warm summer, as we experienced in 2016, may increase such demand. As a result of this seasonality and variability in demand of our Temperature Control products, our working capital requirements typically peak near the end of the second quarter, as the inventory build‑up of air conditioning products is converted to sales and payments on the receivables associated with such sales have yet to be received. During this period, our working capital requirements are typically funded by borrowing from our revolving credit facility.
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Working Capital and Inventory Management
Automotive aftermarket companies have been under increasing pressure to provide broad SKU (stock keeping unit) coverage due to parts and brand proliferation. In response to this, we have made, and continue to make, changes to our inventory management system designed to reduce inventory requirements. We have a pack‑to‑order distribution system, which permits us to retain slow moving items in a bulk storage state until an order for a specific branded part is received. This system reduces the volume of a given part in inventory and reduces the labor requirements to package and repackage inventory. We also expanded our inventory management system to improve inventory deployment, enhance our collaboration with customers on forecasts and inventory assortments, and further integrate our supply chain both to customers and suppliers.
We face inventory management issues as a result of warranty and overstock returns. Many of our products carry a warranty ranging from a 90-day limited warranty to a lifetime limited warranty, which generally covers defects in materials or workmanship and failure to meet industry published specifications and/or the result of installation error. In addition to warranty returns, we also permit our customers to return new, undamaged products to us within customer-specific limits (which are generally limited to a specified percentage of their annual purchases from us) in the event that they have overstocked their inventories. In addition, the seasonality of our Temperature Control Segment requires that we increase our inventory during the winter season in preparation of the summer selling season and customers purchasing such inventory have the right to make returns.
In order to better control warranty and overstock return levels, we have in place procedures for authorized warranty returns, including for warranty returns which result from installation error, placed restrictions on the amounts customers can return and instituted a program to better estimate potential future product returns. In addition, with respect to our air conditioning compressors, which are our most significant customer product warranty returns, we established procedures whereby a warranty will be voided if a customer does not provide acceptable proof that complete air conditioning system repair was performed in accordance with approved procedures.
Our profitability and working capital requirements are seasonal due to our sales mix of Temperature Control products. Our working capital requirements peak near the end of the second quarter, as the inventory build‑up of air conditioning products is converted to sales and payments on the receivables associated with such sales have yet to be received. These increased working capital requirements are funded by borrowings from our revolving credit facility.
Suppliers
The principal raw materials purchased by us consist of brass, electronic components, fabricated copper (primarily in the form of magnet and insulated cable), steel magnets, laminations, tubes and shafts, stamped steel parts, copper wire, stainless steel coils and rods, aluminum coils, fittings, rods, cast aluminum parts, lead, steel roller bearings, rubber molding compound, thermo‑set and thermo plastic molding powders, and chemicals. Additionally, we use components and cores (used parts) in our remanufacturing processes for air conditioning compressors, diesel injectors, diesel pumps, and turbo chargers.
We purchase materials in the U.S. and foreign open markets and have a limited number of supply agreements on key components. A number of prime suppliers make these materials available. In the case of cores for air conditioning compressors, diesel injectors, diesel pumps, and turbo chargers, we obtain them either from exchanges with customers who return cores subsequent to purchasing remanufactured parts or through direct purchases from a network of core brokers. In addition, we acquire certain materials by purchasing products that are resold into the market, particularly by OEM sources and other domestic and foreign suppliers.
We believe there is an adequate supply of primary raw materials and cores. In order to ensure a consistent, high quality and low cost supply of key components for each product line, we continue to develop our own sources. We are not dependent on any single commodity, however, there can be no assurance over the long term that increases in commodity prices will not materially affect our business or results of operations. In addition, in August 2012, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission adopted rules requiring us to provide disclosure regarding the use of specified minerals, known as conflict minerals, which are mined from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining countries. Implementation of the disclosure requirements could affect the sourcing and availability of some of the minerals used in the manufacture of our products, and may impose additional costs on us associated with complying with the disclosure requirements.
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Production and Engineering
We engineer, tool and manufacture many of the components used in the assembly of our products. We also perform our own plastic molding operations, stamping and machining operations, wire extrusion, automated electronics assembly and a wide variety of other processes. In the case of remanufactured components, we conduct our own teardown, diagnostics and rebuilding for air conditioning compressors, diesel injectors, and diesel pumps. We have found this level of vertical integration provides advantages in terms of cost, quality and availability. We intend to continue selective efforts toward further vertical integration to ensure a consistent quality and supply of low cost components. In addition, our strategy includes sourcing an increasing number of finished goods and component parts from low cost regions such as those in Asia.
Employees
As of December 31, 2016, we employed approximately 4,100 people, with 1,900 people in the United States and 2,200 people in Mexico, Canada, Poland, the U.K., Hong Kong and Taiwan. Of the 4,100 people employed, approximately 2,100 people are production employees. We operate primarily in non‑union facilities and have binding labor agreements with employees at other unionized facilities. We have approximately 80 production employees in Edwardsville, Kansas who are covered by a contract with The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (“UAW”) that expires in April 2019. We expect to renew this agreement with the UAW upon mutually agreeable terms. We also have approximately 1,300 employees in Mexico who are covered under union agreements negotiated at various intervals.
We believe that our facilities are in favorable labor markets with ready access to adequate numbers of skilled and unskilled workers, and we believe our relations with our union and non‑union employees are good.
Available Information
We are a New York corporation founded in 1919. Our principal executive offices are located at 37‑18 Northern Boulevard, Long Island City, New York 11101, and our main telephone number at that location is (718) 392‑0200. Our Internet address is www.smpcorp.com. We provide a link to reports that we have filed with the SEC. However, for those persons that make a request in writing or by e-mail (financial@smpcorp.com), we will provide free of charge our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These reports and other information are also available, free of charge, at www.sec.gov.
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ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described below. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or other factors not perceived by us to present significant risks to our business at this time also may impair our business and results of operations. If any of the stated risks actually occur, they could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.
Risks Related to Our Operations
We depend on a limited number of key customers, and the loss of any such customer, or a significant reduction in purchases by such customer, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our five largest individual customers, including members of a marketing group, accounted for approximately 70% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 68% of our consolidated net sales in 2015 and 69% of our consolidated net sales in 2014. During 2016, O’Reilly Automotive, Inc., NAPA Auto Parts, Advance Auto Parts, Inc., and AutoZone, Inc. accounted for 20%, 18%, 17% and 11% of our consolidated net sales, respectively. The loss of one or more of these customers or, a significant reduction in purchases of our products from any one of them, could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any consolidation among our key customers, such as Advance Auto’s acquisition of CarQuest in 2014, may further exacerbate our customer concentration risk.
Also, we do not typically enter into long-term agreements with any of our customers. Instead, we enter into a number of purchase order commitments with our customers, based on their current or projected needs. We have in the past, and may in the future, lose customers or lose a particular product line of a customer due to the highly competitive conditions in the automotive aftermarket industry, including pricing pressures, consolidation of customers, customer initiatives to buy direct from foreign suppliers or other business considerations. A decision by any significant customer, whether motivated by competitive conditions, financial difficulties or otherwise, to materially decrease the amount of products purchased from us, to change their manner of doing business with us, or to stop doing business with us, including a decision to source products directly from a low cost region such as Asia, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Because our sales are concentrated, and the market in which we operate is very competitive, we are under ongoing pressure from our customers to offer lower prices, extend payment terms, increase marketing allowances and other terms more favorable to these customers. These customer demands have put continued pressure on our operating margins and profitability, resulted in periodic contract renegotiation to provide more favorable prices and terms to these customers, and significantly increased our working capital needs.
Our industry is highly competitive, and our success depends on our ability to compete with suppliers of automotive aftermarket products, some of which may have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do.
The automotive aftermarket industry is highly competitive, and our success depends on our ability to compete with domestic and international suppliers of automotive aftermarket products. In the Engine Management Segment, our competitors include ACDelco, Delphi Automotive PLC, Denso Corporation, Continental AG, Hitachi, Ltd., Motorcraft, Robert Bosch GmbH, Visteon Corporation, NGK Spark Plug Co., LTD., Dorman Products, Inc. and several privately-owned companies importing products from Asia. In the Temperature Control Segment, we compete with ACDelco, Delphi Automotive PLC, Denso Corporation, Motorcraft, Sanden International, Inc., Continental AG, and several privately-owned companies. In addition, automobile manufacturers supply many of the replacement parts we sell.
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Some of our competitors may have larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to:

| · | respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements by devoting greater resources than we can to the development, promotion and sale of automotive aftermarket products and services;

| · | engage in more extensive research and development;

| · | sell products at a lower price than we do;

| · | undertake more extensive marketing campaigns; and

| · | make more attractive offers to existing and potential customers and strategic partners.

We cannot assure you that our competitors will not develop products or services that are equal or superior to our products or that achieve greater market acceptance than our products or that in the future other companies involved in the automotive aftermarket industry will not expand their operations into product lines produced and sold by us. We also cannot assure you that additional entrants will not enter the automotive aftermarket industry or that companies in the aftermarket industry will not consolidate. Any such competitive pressures could cause us to lose market share or could result in significant price decreases and could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.
There is substantial price competition in our industry, and our success and profitability will depend on our ability to maintain a competitive cost and price structure.
There is substantial price competition in our industry, and our success and profitability will depend on our ability to maintain a competitive cost and price structure. This is the result of a number of industry trends, including the impact of offshore suppliers in the marketplace (particularly in China) which suppliers do not have the same infrastructure costs as we do, the consolidated purchasing power of large customers, and actions taken by some of our competitors in an effort to ‘‘win over’’ new business. We have in the past reduced prices to remain competitive and may have to do so again in the future. Price reductions have impacted our sales and profit margins and are expected to do so in the future. Our future profitability will depend in part upon our ability to respond to changes in product and distribution channel mix, to continue to improve our manufacturing efficiencies, to generate cost reductions, including reductions in the cost of components purchased from outside suppliers, and to maintain a cost structure that will enable us to offer competitive prices. Our inability to maintain a competitive cost structure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is seasonal and is subject to substantial quarterly fluctuations, which impact our quarterly performance and working capital requirements.
Historically, our operating results have fluctuated by quarter, with the greatest sales occurring in the second and third quarters of the year and with revenues generally being recognized at the time of shipment. It is in these quarters that demand for our products is typically the highest, specifically in the Temperature Control Segment of our business. In addition to this seasonality, the demand for our Temperature Control products during the second and third quarters of the year may vary significantly with the summer weather and customer inventories. For example, a cool summer, as we experienced in both 2014 and 2013, may lessen the demand for our Temperature Control products, while a warm summer, as we experienced in 2016, may increase such demand. As a result of this seasonality and variability in demand of our Temperature Control products, our working capital requirements peak near the end of the second quarter, as the inventory build-up of air conditioning products is converted to sales and payments on the receivables associated with such sales have yet to be received. During this period, our working capital requirements are typically funded by borrowing from our revolving credit facility.
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We may incur material losses and significant costs as a result of warranty-related returns by our customers in excess of anticipated amounts.
Our products are required to meet rigorous standards imposed by our customers and our industry. Many of our products carry a warranty ranging from a 90-day limited warranty to a lifetime limited warranty, which generally covers defects in materials or workmanship, failure to meet industry published specifications and/or the result of installation error. In the event that there are material deficiencies or defects in the design and manufacture of our products and/or installation error, the affected products may be subject to warranty returns and/or product recalls. Although we maintain a comprehensive quality control program, we cannot give any assurance that our products will not suffer from defects or other deficiencies or that we will not experience material warranty returns or product recalls in the future.
We accrue for warranty returns as a percentage of sales, after giving consideration to recent historical returns. While we believe that we make reasonable estimates for warranty returns in accordance with our revenue recognition policies, actual returns may differ from our estimates. We have in the past incurred, and may in the future incur, material losses and significant costs as a result of our customers returning products to us for warranty-related issues in excess of anticipated amounts. Deficiencies or defects in our products in the future may result in warranty returns and product recalls in excess of anticipated amounts and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our profitability may be materially adversely affected as a result of overstock inventory-related returns by our customers in excess of anticipated amounts.
We permit overstock returns of inventory that may be either new or non-defective or non-obsolete but that we believe we can re-sell. Customers are generally limited to returning overstocked inventory according to a specified percentage of their annual purchases from us. In addition, a customer’s annual allowance cannot be carried forward to the upcoming year.
We accrue for overstock returns as a percentage of sales, after giving consideration to recent historical returns. While we believe that we make reasonable estimates for overstock returns in accordance with our revenue recognition policies, actual returns may differ from our estimates. To the extent that overstocked returns are materially in excess of our projections, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
We may be materially adversely affected by asbestos claims arising from products sold by our former brake business, as well as by other product liability claims.
In 1986, we acquired a brake business, which we subsequently sold in March 1998. When we originally acquired this brake business, we assumed future liabilities relating to any alleged exposure to asbestos-containing products manufactured by the seller of the acquired brake business. In accordance with the related purchase agreement, we agreed to assume the liabilities for all new claims filed after September 2001. Our ultimate exposure will depend upon the number of claims filed against us on or after September 2001 and the amounts paid for indemnity and defense of such claims.
Actuarial consultants with experience in assessing asbestos-related liabilities conducted a study to estimate our potential claim liability as of August 31, 2016. The updated study has estimated an undiscounted liability for settlement payments, excluding legal costs and any potential recovery from insurance carriers, ranging from $31 million to $47.7 million for the period through 2059. The change from the prior year study was a $2.3 million decrease for the low end of the range and a $3.4 million decrease for the high end of the range. The decrease in the estimated undiscounted liability from the prior year study at both the low end and high end of the range reflects our actual experience over the prior twelve months, our historical data and certain assumptions with respect to events that may occur in the future. Based on the information contained in the actuarial study and all other available information considered by us, we have concluded that no amount within the range of settlement payments was more likely than any other and, therefore, in assessing our asbestos liability we compare the low end of the range to our recorded liability to determine if an adjustment is required. Based upon the results of the August 31, 2016 actuarial study, a favorable adjustment to the asbestos liability was not recorded in our consolidated financial statements as the difference between our recorded liability and the liability in the actuarial report at the low end of the range was not material. Future legal costs, which are expensed as incurred and reported in loss from discontinued operations in the accompanying statement of operations, are estimated, according to the updated study, to range from $42.7 million to $78.6 million for the period through 2059.
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At December 31, 2016, approximately 1,565 cases were outstanding for which we may be responsible for any related liabilities. Since inception in September 2001 through December 31, 2016, the amounts paid for settled claims are approximately $20.1 million. A substantial increase in the number of new claims or increased settlement payments or awards of damages could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Given the uncertainties associated with projecting asbestos-related matters into the future and other factors outside our control, we cannot give any assurance that significant increases in the number of claims filed against us will not occur, that asbestos-related damages or settlement awards will not exceed the amount we have in reserve, or that additional provisions will not be required. Management will continue to monitor the circumstances surrounding these potential liabilities in determining whether additional reserves and provisions may be necessary. We plan on performing a similar annual actuarial analysis during the third quarter of each year for the foreseeable future.
In addition to asbestos-related claims, our product sales entail the risk of involvement in other product liability actions. We maintain product liability insurance coverage, but we cannot give any assurance that current or future policy limits will be sufficient to cover all possible liabilities. Further, we can give no assurance that adequate product liability insurance will continue to be available to us in the future or that such insurance may be maintained at a reasonable cost to us. In the event of a successful product liability claim against us, a lack or insufficiency of insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to achieve the benefits that we expect from our cost savings initiatives.
We continue to implement a number of cost savings programs including closing our Grapevine, Texas facility, closing our recently acquired wire set assembly operation in Nogales, Mexico and moving some US production to other facilities, both domestically and to our facilities in Mexico and Poland. We are also integrating and transferring acquired assets and businesses to company facilities. Although we expect to realize cost savings as a result of these initiatives, we may not be able to achieve the level of benefits that we expect to realize or we may not be able to realize these benefits within the time frames we currently expect. Our ability to achieve any anticipated cost savings could be affected by a number of factors such as changes in the amount, timing and character of charges related to such initiatives and failure to complete or a substantial delay in completing such initiatives. Failure to achieve the benefits of our cost saving initiatives could have a material adverse effect on us. Our cost savings is also predicated upon maintaining our sales levels.
Severe weather, natural disasters and other disruptions could adversely impact our operations at our manufacturing and distribution facilities.
Severe weather conditions and natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods and tornados, could damage our properties and effect our operations, particularly our major manufacturing and distribution operations at foreign facilities in Canada, Mexico and Poland, and at our domestic facilities in Florida, Indiana, Kansas, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. In addition, our business and operations could be materially adversely affected in the event of other serious disruptions at these facilities due to fire, electrical blackouts, power losses, telecommunications failures, terrorist attack or similar events. Any of these occurrences could impair our ability to adequately manufacture or supply our customers due to all or a significant portion of our equipment or inventory being damaged. We may not be able to effectively shift the manufacture or delivery of products to our customers if one or more of our manufacturing or distribution facilities are significantly disrupted.
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Our operations would be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to purchase raw materials, manufactured components or equipment from our suppliers.
Because we purchase various types of raw materials, finished goods, equipment, and component parts from suppliers, we may be materially and adversely affected by the failure of those suppliers to perform as expected. This non-performance may consist of delivery delays or failures caused by production issues or delivery of non-conforming products. The risk of non-performance may also result from the insolvency or bankruptcy of one or more of our suppliers. Our suppliers’ ability to supply products to us is also subject to a number of risks, including availability and cost of raw materials, destruction of their facilities, or work stoppages. In addition, our failure to promptly pay, or order sufficient quantities of inventory from our suppliers may increase the cost of products we purchase or may lead to suppliers refusing to sell products to us at all. Our efforts to protect against and to minimize these risks may not always be effective.
Our operations could be adversely affected by interruptions or breaches in the security of our computer and information technology systems.
We rely on information technology systems throughout our organization to conduct day-to-day business operations, including the management of our supply chain and our purchasing, receiving and distribution functions. We also routinely use our information technology systems to send, receive, store, access and use sensitive data relating to our Company and its employees, customers, suppliers, and business partners, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, and other sensitive materials. Our information technology systems have been subject to cyber threats, including attempts to hack into our network and computer viruses. Such hacking attempts and computer viruses have not significantly impacted or interrupted our business operations. While we implement security measures designed to prevent and mitigate the risk of cyber attacks, our information technology systems, and those functions that we may outsource, may continue to be vulnerable to computer viruses, attacks by hackers, or unauthorized access caused by employee error or malfeasance. The exploitation of any such vulnerability in our information technology systems, or those functions that we may outsource, could unexpectedly compromise the information security of our customers, suppliers and other business partners. Furthermore, because the techniques used to carry out cyber attacks change frequently and in many instances are not recognized until after they are used against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these changes or implement adequate preventative measures. If our information technology systems are subject to cyber attacks, such as those involving significant or extensive system interruptions, sabotage, computer viruses or unauthorized access, we could experience disruptions to our business operations and incur substantial remediation costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to Liquidity
We are exposed to risks related to our receivables factoring arrangements.
We have entered into factoring arrangements with financial institutions to sell certain of our customers’ trade accounts receivable without recourse. If we do not enter into these factoring arrangements, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by delays or failures in collecting trade accounts receivables. In addition, if any of the financial institutions with which we have factoring arrangements experience financial difficulties or otherwise terminate our factoring arrangements, we may experience material and adverse economic losses due to the loss of such factoring arrangements and the impact of such loss on our liquidity, which could have a material and adverse effect upon our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The utility of our factoring arrangements also depends upon LIBOR, as it is a component of the discount rate applicable to each arrangement. If LIBOR increases such that the cost of factoring becomes more than the cost of servicing our receivables with existing debt, we may not be able to rely on such factoring arrangements, which could have a material and adverse effect upon our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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Increasing our indebtedness could negatively affect our financial health.
We have an existing revolving bank credit facility of $250 million with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, and a syndicate of lenders, which we refer to throughout this Report as our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2016, our total outstanding indebtedness was $55 million, of which amount $54.8 million of outstanding indebtedness and approximately $139.8 million of availability was attributable to this revolving credit facility. Any significant increase in our indebtedness could increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions and limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate.
In addition, we have granted the lenders under our revolving credit facility a first priority security interest in substantially all of our currently owned and future acquired personal property and other assets. We have also pledged shares of stock in our subsidiaries to those lenders. If we default on any of our indebtedness, or if we are unable to obtain necessary liquidity, our business could be adversely affected.
We may not be able to generate the significant amount of cash needed to service our indebtedness and fund our future operations.
Our ability either to make payments on or to refinance our indebtedness, or to fund planned capital expenditures and research and development efforts, will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. Our ability to generate cash is in part subject to:

| · | general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control;

| · | the ability of our customers to pay timely the amounts we have billed; and

| · | our ability to factor receivables under customer draft programs.

The occurrence of any of the foregoing factors could result in reduced cash flow, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Based on our current level of operations, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months. Significant assumptions underlie this belief, including, among other things, that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity or capital requirements. If we are unable to service our indebtedness, we will be forced to adopt an alternative strategy that may include actions such as:

| · | deferring, reducing or eliminating future cash dividends;

| · | reducing or delaying capital expenditures or restructuring activities;

| · | reducing or delaying research and development efforts;

| · | selling assets;

| · | deferring or refraining from pursuing certain strategic initiatives and acquisitions;

| · | refinancing our indebtedness; and

| · | seeking additional funding.

We cannot assure you that, if material adverse developments in our business, liquidity or capital requirements should occur, our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our revolving credit facility in amounts sufficient to enable us to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness, or to fund our other liquidity needs. In addition, if we default on any of our indebtedness, or breach any financial covenant in our revolving credit facility, our business could be adversely affected.
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Risks Related to External Factors
We conduct our manufacturing and distribution operations on a worldwide basis and are subject to risks associated with doing business outside the United States.
We have manufacturing and distribution facilities in many countries, including Canada, Poland and Mexico, and increasing our manufacturing footprint in low cost regions is an important element of our strategy. There are a number of risks associated with doing business internationally, including: (a) exposure to local economic and political conditions; (b) social unrest such as risks of terrorism or other hostilities; (c) currency exchange rate fluctuations and currency controls; (d) the effect of potential changes in U.S. trade policy; and (e) the potential for shortages of trained labor. In particular, there has been social unrest in Mexico and any increased violence in or around our manufacturing facilities in Mexico could impact our business by disrupting our supply chain, the delivery of products to customers, and the reluctance of our customers to visit our Mexican facilities. In addition, the increased violence in or around our manufacturing facilities in Mexico could present several risks to our employees who may be directly affected by the violence and may result in a decision by them to relocate from the area, or make it difficult for us to recruit or retain talented employees at our Mexican facilities. Furthermore, changes in U.S. trade policy, particularly as it relates to Mexico and China, could impose increased taxes on us or could impact the classification and treatment of our products for the purpose of assessing duties. The likelihood of such occurrences and their potential effect on us is unpredictable and may vary from country to country. Any such occurrences could be harmful to our business and our financial results.
We may incur liabilities under government regulations and environmental laws, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Domestic and foreign political developments and government regulations and policies directly affect automotive consumer products in the United States and abroad. Regulations and policies relating to over-the-highway vehicles include standards established by the United States Department of Transportation for motor vehicle safety and emissions. The modification of existing laws, regulations or policies, or the adoption of new laws, regulations or policies, such as legislation offering incentives to remove older vehicles from the road, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In August 2012, as required under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the SEC adopted rules requiring us to provide disclosure regarding the use of specified minerals, known as conflict minerals, which are mined from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining countries. The rules require us to engage in ongoing due diligence efforts, and to disclose the results of our efforts in May of each year. The rules could affect the sourcing and availability of such minerals used in the manufacture of our products as the number of suppliers who provide conflict-free minerals may be limited. In addition, we expect to incur additional costs and expenses in order to comply with these rules, including for (i) due diligence to determine whether conflict minerals are necessary to the functionality or production of any of our products and, if so, to verify the sources of such conflict minerals; and (ii) any changes that we may desire to make to our products, processes, or sources of supply as a result of such diligence and verification activities. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict-free and/or we are unable to alter our products, processes or sources of supply to avoid such materials. We may also face difficulties in satisfying customers who may require that our products be certified as having conflict-free minerals, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage if we are unable to do so and lead to a loss of revenue.
Our operations and properties are subject to a wide variety of increasingly complex and stringent federal, state, local and international laws and regulations, including those governing the use, storage, handling, generation, treatment, emission, release, discharge and disposal of materials, substances and wastes, the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater and the health and safety of employees. Such environmental laws, including but not limited to those under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation & Liability Act, may impose joint and several liability and may apply to conditions at properties presently or formerly owned or operated by an entity or its predecessors, as well as to conditions at properties at which wastes or other contamination attributable to an entity or its predecessors have been sent or otherwise come to be located.
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The nature of our operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to such matters, and we can give no assurance that violations of such laws have not occurred or will not occur or that material costs or liabilities will not be incurred in connection with such claims. We are currently monitoring our environmental remediation efforts at one of our facilities and our reserve balance related to the environmental clean-up at this facility is $0.5 million at December 31, 2016. The environmental testing and any remediation costs at such facility may be covered by several insurance policies, although we can give no assurance that our insurance will cover any environmental remediation claims. We also maintain insurance to cover our existing U.S. and Canadian facilities. We can give no assurance that the future cost of compliance with existing environmental laws and the liability for known environmental claims pursuant to such environmental laws will not give rise to additional significant expenditures or liabilities that would be material to us. In addition, future events, such as new information, changes in existing environmental laws or their interpretation, and more vigorous enforcement policies of federal, state or local regulatory agencies, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our future performance may be materially adversely affected by changes in technologies and improvements in the quality of new vehicle parts.
Changes in automotive technologies, such as vehicles powered by fuel cells or electricity, could negatively affect sales to our aftermarket customers. These factors could result in less demand for our products thereby causing a decline in our results of operations or deterioration in our business and financial condition and may have a material adverse effect on our long-term performance.
In addition, the size of the automobile replacement parts market depends, in part, upon the growth in number of vehicles on the road, increase in average vehicle age, change in total miles driven per year, new or modified environmental and vehicle safety regulations, including fuel-efficiency and emissions reduction standards, increase in pricing of new cars and new car quality and related warranties. The automobile replacement parts market has been negatively impacted by the fact that the quality of more recent automotive vehicles and their component parts (and related warranties) has improved, thereby lengthening the repair cycle. Generally, if parts last longer, there will be less demand for our products and the average useful life of automobile parts has been steadily increasing in recent years due to innovations in products and technology. In addition, the introduction by original equipment manufacturers of increased warranty and maintenance initiatives has the potential to decrease the demand for our products. When proper maintenance and repair procedures are followed, newer AC systems in particular are less prone to leak resulting in fewer AC system repairs. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.
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ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES

We maintain our executive offices in Long Island City, New York. The table below describes our principal facilities as of December 31, 2016.

Location |  | State or Country |  | Principal Business Activity |  | Approx. Square Feet |  | Owned or Expiration Date of Lease
|  |  |  | Engine Management |  |  |  |
Orlando |  | FL |  | Manufacturing |  | 50,600 |  | 2019
Ft. Lauderdale |  | FL |  | Distribution |  | 23,300 |  | Owned
Ft. Lauderdale |  | FL |  | Distribution |  | 30,000 |  | Owned
Mishawaka |  | IN |  | Manufacturing |  | 153,100 |  | Owned
Edwardsville |  | KS |  | Distribution |  | 363,500 |  | Owned
Independence |  | KS |  | Manufacturing |  | 337,400 |  | Owned
Long Island City |  | NY |  | Administration |  | 74,800 |  | 2018
Greenville |  | SC |  | Manufacturing |  | 184,500 |  | Owned
Disputanta |  | VA |  | Distribution |  | 411,000 |  | Owned
Nogales |  | Mexico |  | Manufacturing |  | 67,200 |  | 2019
Reynosa |  | Mexico |  | Manufacturing |  | 100,000 |  | 2024
Reynosa |  | Mexico |  | Manufacturing |  | 153,000 |  | 2018
Bialystok |  | Poland |  | Manufacturing |  | 108,400 |  | 2022
|  |  |  | Temperature Control |  |  |  |
Lewisville |  | TX |  | Administration and Distribution |  | 415,000 |  | 2024
Grapevine |  | TX |  | Manufacturing |  | 180,000 |  | Owned
St. Thomas |  | Canada |  | Manufacturing |  | 40,000 |  | Owned
Reynosa |  | Mexico |  | Manufacturing |  | 82,000 |  | 2019
Reynosa |  | Mexico |  | Manufacturing |  | 118,000 |  | 2021
|  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |
Mississauga |  | Canada |  | Administration and Distribution |  | 128,400 |  | 2018
Irving |  | TX |  | Training Center |  | 13,400 |  | 2021

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ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Report under the captions “Asbestos” and “Other Litigation” appearing in Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.
PART II

ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock trades publicly on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the trading symbol “SMP.” The following table shows the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported by the NYSE and the dividends declared per share for the periods indicated:

|  | High |  |  | Low |  |  | Dividend |
Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter |  | $ | 38.30 |  |  | $ | 29.69 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |
Second Quarter |  |  | 39.79 |  |  |  | 32.66 |  |  |  | 0.17 |
Third Quarter |  |  | 48.00 |  |  |  | 39.15 |  |  |  | 0.17 |
Fourth Quarter |  |  | 55.37 |  |  |  | 45.84 |  |  |  | 0.17 |
Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter |  | $ | 43.72 |  |  | $ | 35.07 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |
Second Quarter |  |  | 42.96 |  |  |  | 34.75 |  |  |  | 0.15 |
Third Quarter |  |  | 37.06 |  |  |  | 30.30 |  |  |  | 0.15 |
Fourth Quarter |  |  | 45.72 |  |  |  | 34.29 |  |  |  | 0.15 |

The last reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE on February 16, 2017 was $49.68 per share. As of February 16, 2017, there were 477 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividends are declared and paid on the common stock at the discretion of our Board of Directors (the “Board”) and depend on our profitability, financial condition, capital needs, future prospects, and other factors deemed relevant by our Board. Our current practice is to pay dividends on a quarterly basis. In January 2017, our Board voted to increase our quarterly dividend from $0.17 per share in 2016 to $0.19 per share in 2017. Our revolving credit facility permits dividends and distributions by us provided specific conditions are met. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a further discussion of our revolving credit facility.
There have been no unregistered offerings of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2016.
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The following graph compares the five year cumulative total return on the Company’s Common Stock to the total returns on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and the S&P 1500 Auto Parts & Equipment Index, which is a combination of automotive parts and equipment companies within the S&P 400, the S&P 500 and the S&P 600. The graph shows the change in value of a $100 investment in the Company’s Common Stock and each of the above indices on December 31, 2011 and the reinvestment of all dividends. The comparisons in this table are required by the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of the Company’s Common Stock or the referenced indices.

|  | SMP |  |  |  | S&P 500 |  |  | S&P 1500 Auto Parts & Equipment Index |
2011 |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 100 |
2012 |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 101 |
2013 |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 166 |
2014 |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 172 |
2015 |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 160 |
2016 |  |  | 288 |  |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | 169 |

* Source: S&P Capital IQ
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ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data for the five years ended December 31, 2016. This selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |
|  |  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |
Statement of Operations Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 1,058,482 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |  |  | $ | 980,392 |  |  | $ | 983,704 |  |  | $ | 948,916 |
Gross profit |  |  | 322,487 |  |  |  | 280,988 |  |  |  | 289,630 |  |  |  | 290,454 |  |  |  | 259,669 |
Litigation charge (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,650 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Operating income |  |  | 98,067 |  |  |  | 75,860 |  |  |  | 85,338 |  |  |  | 86,863 |  |  |  | 71,431 |
Earnings from continuing operations |  |  | 62,412 |  |  |  | 48,120 |  |  |  | 52,899 |  |  |  | 53,043 |  |  |  | 42,969 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (1,982 | ) |  |  | (2,102 | ) |  |  | (9,870 | ) |  |  | (1,593 | ) |  |  | (1,616 | )
Net earnings (2) |  |  | 60,430 |  |  |  | 46,018 |  |  |  | 43,029 |  |  |  | 51,450 |  |  |  | 41,353 |
Per Share Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 2.75 |  |  | $ | 2.11 |  |  | $ | 2.31 |  |  | $ | 2.31 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |
Diluted |  |  | 2.70 |  |  |  | 2.08 |  |  |  | 2.28 |  |  |  | 2.28 |  |  |  | 1.86 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 2.66 |  |  |  | 2.02 |  |  |  | 1.88 |  |  |  | 2.24 |  |  |  | 1.81 |
Diluted |  |  | 2.62 |  |  |  | 1.99 |  |  |  | 1.85 |  |  |  | 2.21 |  |  |  | 1.79 |
Cash dividends per common share |  |  | 0.68 |  |  |  | 0.60 |  |  |  | 0.52 |  |  |  | 0.44 |  |  |  | 0.36 |
Other Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 20,457 |  |  | $ | 17,637 |  |  | $ | 17,295 |  |  | $ | 17,595 |  |  | $ | 16,466 |
Capital expenditures |  |  | 20,921 |  |  |  | 18,047 |  |  |  | 13,904 |  |  |  | 11,410 |  |  |  | 11,811 |
Dividends |  |  | 15,447 |  |  |  | 13,697 |  |  |  | 11,905 |  |  |  | 10,107 |  |  |  | 8,215 |
Cash Flows Provided By (Used In): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | 97,805 |  |  | $ | 65,171 |  |  | $ | 46,987 |  |  | $ | 57,616 |  |  | $ | 93,560 |
Investing activities |  |  | (88,018 | ) |  |  | (18,011 | ) |  |  | (51,200 | ) |  |  | (24,762 | ) |  |  | (49,912 | )
Financing activities |  |  | (7,756 | ) |  |  | (41,155 | ) |  |  | 15,316 |  |  |  | (39,295 | ) |  |  | (42,787 | )
Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 19,796 |  |  | $ | 18,800 |  |  | $ | 13,728 |  |  | $ | 5,559 |  |  | $ | 13,074 |
Working capital |  |  | 231,007 |  |  |  | 235,824 |  |  |  | 215,204 |  |  |  | 225,761 |  |  |  | 196,381 |
Total assets |  |  | 768,697 |  |  |  | 681,064 |  |  |  | 673,551 |  |  |  | 615,523 |  |  |  | 576,594 |
Total debt |  |  | 54,975 |  |  |  | 47,505 |  |  |  | 56,816 |  |  |  | 21,481 |  |  |  | 40,648 |
Long‑term debt (excluding current portion) |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 75 |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  | 441,028 |  |  |  | 391,979 |  |  |  | 374,153 |  |  |  | 349,432 |  |  |  | 307,587 |

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Notes to Selected Financial Data

| (1) | During 2014, we recorded a $10.6 million litigation charge in connection with a settlement agreement in a legal proceeding with a third party. The settlement amount was funded from cash on hand and available credit under our revolving credit facility.

| (2) | We recorded an after tax charge of $2 million, $2.1 million, $9.9 million, $1.6 million, and $1.6 million as loss from discontinued operations to account for legal expenses and potential costs associated with our asbestos‑related liability for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Such costs were also separately disclosed in the operating activity section of the consolidated statements of cash flows for those same years.

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ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. This discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting our results of operations and the financial condition of our business during each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016.
Overview
We are a leading independent manufacturer and distributor of replacement parts for motor vehicles in the automotive aftermarket industry, with a complementary focus on heavy duty, industrial equipment and the original equipment service market. We are organized into two major operating segments, each of which focuses on specific lines of replacement parts. Our Engine Management Segment manufactures and remanufactures ignition and emission parts, ignition wires, battery cables, fuel system parts and sensors for vehicle systems. Our Temperature Control Segment manufactures and remanufactures air conditioning compressors, air conditioning and heating parts, engine cooling system parts, power window accessories, and windshield washer system parts.
We sell our products primarily to warehouse distributors, large retail chains, original equipment manufacturers and original equipment service part operations in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe. Our customers consist of many of the leading warehouse distributors and auto parts retail chains, such as NAPA Auto Parts (National Automotive Parts Association, Inc.), Advance Auto Parts, Inc./CARQUEST Auto Parts, AutoZone, Inc., O’Reilly Automotive, Inc., Canadian Tire Corporation Limited and The Pep Boys Manny, Moe & Jack, as well as national program distribution groups, such as Auto Value and All Pro/Bumper to Bumper (Aftermarket Auto Parts Alliance, Inc.), Automotive Distribution Network LLC, The National Pronto Association (“Pronto”), Federated Auto Parts Distributors, Inc. (“Federated”), Pronto and Federated’s affiliate, the Automotive Parts Services Group or The Group, Auto Plus and specialty market distributors. We distribute parts under our own brand names, such as Standard®, Blue Streak®, BWD®, Select®, Intermotor®, GP Sorensen®, TechSmart®, Tech Expert®, OEM®, LockSmart®, Four Seasons®, EVERCO®, ACi®, COMPRESSORWORKS® and Hayden® and through co-labels and private labels, such as CARQUEST®, Duralast®, Duralast Gold®, Import Direct®, Master Pro®, Omni-Spark®, Ultima Select®, Murray®, NAPA®, NAPA® Echlin®, NAPA Proformer™ Mileage Plus®, NAPA Temp Products™, NAPA® Belden®, Cold Power®, DriveworksTM and ToughOneTM.
Business Strategy
Our goal is to grow revenues and earnings and deliver returns in excess of our cost of capital by being the best-in-class, full-line, full-service supplier of premium products to the engine management and temperature control markets. The key elements of our strategy are as follows:

| · | Maintain Our Strong Competitive Position in the Engine Management and Temperature Control Businesses. We are one of the leading independent manufacturers and distributors serving North America and other geographic areas in our core businesses of Engine Management and Temperature Control. We believe that our success is attributable to our emphasis on product quality, the breadth and depth of our product lines for both domestic and import vehicles, and our reputation for outstanding value-added services.

To maintain our strong competitive position in our markets, we remain committed to the following:

| · | providing our customers with full-line coverage of high quality engine management and temperature control products, supported by the highest level of value-added services;

| · | continuing to maximize our production, supply chain and distribution efficiencies;

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| · | continuing to improve our cost position through increased global sourcing and increased manufacturing at our low-cost plants; and

| · | focusing on our engineering development efforts including a focus on bringing more product manufacturing in house.

| · | Provide Superior Value-Added Services, Product Availability and Technical Support. Our goal is to increase sales to existing and new customers by leveraging our skills in rapidly filling orders, maintaining high levels of product availability, providing insightful customer category management, and providing technical support in a cost‑effective manner. In addition, our category management and technically skilled sales force professionals provide product selection, assortment and application support to our customers.

| · | Expand Our Product Lines. We intend to increase our sales by continuing to develop internally, or through potential acquisitions, the range of Engine Management and Temperature Control products that we offer to our customers. We are committed to investing the resources necessary to maintain and expand our technical capability to manufacture multiple product lines that incorporate the latest technologies.

| · | Broaden Our Customer Base. Our goal is to increase our customer base by (a) continuing to leverage our manufacturing capabilities to secure additional original equipment business globally with automotive, industrial, marine, military and heavy duty vehicle and equipment manufacturers and their service part operations as well as our existing customer base including traditional warehouse distributors, large retailers, other manufacturers and export customers, and (b) supporting the service part operations of vehicle and equipment manufacturers with value added services and product support for the life of the part.

| · | Improve Operating Efficiency and Cost Position. Our management places significant emphasis on improving our financial performance by achieving operating efficiencies and improving asset utilization, while maintaining product quality and high customer order fill rates. We intend to continue to improve our operating efficiency and cost position by:

| · | increasing cost‑effective vertical integration in key product lines through internal development;

| · | focusing on integrated supply chain management, customer collaboration and vendor managed inventory initiatives;

| · | evaluating additional opportunities to relocate manufacturing to our low-cost plants;

| · | maintaining and improving our cost effectiveness and competitive responsiveness to better serve our customer base, including sourcing certain materials and products from low cost regions such as those in Asia without compromising product quality;

| · | enhancing company‑wide programs geared toward manufacturing and distribution efficiency; and

| · | focusing on company‑wide overhead and operating expense cost reduction programs.

| · | Cash Utilization. We intend to apply any excess cash flow from operations and the management of working capital primarily to reduce our outstanding indebtedness, pay dividends to our shareholders, repurchase shares of our common stock, expand our product lines and grow revenues through potential acquisitions.

The Automotive Aftermarket
The automotive aftermarket industry is comprised of a large number of diverse manufacturers varying in product specialization and size. In addition to manufacturing, aftermarket companies allocate resources towards an efficient distribution process and product engineering in order to maintain the flexibility and responsiveness on which their customers depend. Aftermarket manufacturers must be efficient producers of small lot sizes and do not have to provide systems engineering support. Aftermarket manufacturers also must distribute, with rapid turnaround times, products for a full range of domestic and import vehicles on the road. The primary customers of the automotive aftermarket manufacturers are national and regional warehouse distributors, large retail chains, automotive repair chains and the dealer service networks of original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”).
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The automotive aftermarket industry differs substantially from the OEM supply business. Unlike the OEM supply business that primarily follows trends in new car production, the automotive aftermarket industry’s performance primarily tends to follow different trends, such as:

| · | growth in number of vehicles on the road;

| · | increase in average vehicle age;

| · | change in total miles driven per year;

| · | new or modified environmental and vehicle safety regulations, including fuel-efficiency and emissions reduction standards;

| · | increase in pricing of new cars;

| · | economic and financial market conditions;

| · | new car quality and related warranties;

| · | changes in automotive technologies;

| · | change in vehicle scrap rates; and

| · | change in average fuel prices.

Traditionally, the parts manufacturers of OEMs and the independent manufacturers who supply the original equipment (“OE”) part applications have supplied a majority of the business to new car dealer networks. However, certain parts manufacturers have become more independent and are no longer affiliated with OEMs, which has provided, and may continue to provide, opportunities for us to supply replacement parts to the dealer service networks of the OEMs, both for warranty and out‑of‑warranty repairs.
Seasonality. Historically, our operating results have fluctuated by quarter, with the greatest sales occurring in the second and third quarters of the year and revenues generally being recognized at the time of shipment. It is in these quarters that demand for our products is typically the highest, specifically in the Temperature Control Segment of our business. In addition to this seasonality, the demand for our Temperature Control products during the second and third quarters of the year may vary significantly with the summer weather and customer inventories. For example, a cool summer, as we experienced in both 2014 and 2013, may lessen the demand for our Temperature Control products, while a warm summer, as we experienced in 2016, may increase such demand. As a result of this seasonality and variability in demand of our Temperature Control products, our working capital requirements typically peak near the end of the second quarter, as the inventory build‑up of air conditioning products is converted to sales and payments on the receivables associated with such sales have yet to be received. During this period, our working capital requirements are typically funded by borrowing from our revolving credit facility.
Inventory Management. We face inventory management issues as a result of warranty and overstock returns. Many of our products carry a warranty ranging from a 90-day limited warranty to a lifetime limited warranty, which generally covers defects in materials or workmanship and failure to meet industry published specifications and/or the result of installation error. In addition to warranty returns, we also permit our customers to return new, undamaged products to us within customer-specific limits (which are generally limited to a specified percentage of their annual purchases from us) in the event that they have overstocked their inventories. We accrue for overstock returns as a percentage of sales, after giving consideration to recent returns history.
In order to better control warranty and overstock return levels, we have in place procedures for authorized warranty returns, including for warranty returns which result from installation error, placed restrictions on the amounts customers can return and instituted a program to better estimate potential future product returns. In addition, with respect to our air conditioning compressors, which are our most significant customer product warranty returns, we established procedures whereby a warranty will be voided if a customer does not provide acceptable proof that complete air conditioning system repair was performed.
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Discounts, Allowances, and Incentives. We offer a variety of usual customer discounts, allowances and incentives. First, we offer cash discounts for paying invoices in accordance with the specified discount terms of the invoice. Second, we offer pricing discounts based on volume purchased from us and participation in our cost reduction initiatives. These discounts are principally in the form of “off-invoice” discounts and are immediately deducted from sales at the time of sale. For those customers that choose to receive a payment on a quarterly basis instead of “off-invoice,” we accrue for such payments as the related sales are made and reduce sales accordingly. Finally, rebates and discounts are provided to customers as advertising and sales force allowances, and allowances for warranty and overstock returns are also provided. Management analyzes historical returns, current economic trends, and changes in customer demand when evaluating the adequacy of the sales returns and other allowances. Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing the sales returns and other allowances in any accounting period. We account for these discounts and allowances as a reduction to revenues, and record them when sales are recorded.
Comparison of Fiscal Years 2016 and 2015
Sales. Consolidated net sales for 2016 were $1,058.5 million, an increase of $86.5 million compared to $972 million in the same period of 2015. Consolidated net sales increased due to the higher net sales achieved by both our Engine Management and Temperature Control Segments.
The following table summarizes consolidated net sales by segment and by major product group within each segment for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Engine Management: |  |  |  |  |  |
Ignition, Emission and Fuel System Parts |  | $ | 616,523 |  |  | $ | 598,161 |
Wire and Cable |  |  | 149,016 |  |  |  | 99,860 |
Total Engine Management |  |  | 765,539 |  |  |  | 698,021 |
Temperature Control: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compressors |  |  | 148,623 |  |  |  | 127,861 |
Other Climate Control Parts |  |  | 135,117 |  |  |  | 136,617 |
Total Temperature Control |  |  | 283,740 |  |  |  | 264,478 |
All Other |  |  | 9,203 |  |  |  | 9,476 |
Total |  | $ | 1,058,482 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |

Engine Management’s net sales increased $67.5 million, or 9.7%, to $765.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Net sales in the ignition, emissions and fuel systems parts product group for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $616.5 million, an increase of $18.3 million, or 3.1%, compared to $598.2 million in the same period of 2015. Net sales in the wire and cable product group for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $149 million, an increase of $49.1 million, or 49.2%, compared to $99.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2015. In May 2016, we acquired the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation. Incremental net sales from the acquisition of $52.9 million were included in net sales of the wire and cable product group from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2016. Excluding the incremental sales from the acquisition, Engine Management net sales increased $14.6 million, or 2.1%, compared to the same period of 2015.
Temperature Control’s net sales increased $19.3 million, or 7.3%, to $283.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Net sales in the compressors product group for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $148.6 million, an increase of $20.7 million, or 16.2%, compared to $127.9 million in the same period of 2015. Net sales in the other climate control parts product group for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $135.1 million, a decrease of $1.5 million, or 1.1%, compared to $136.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2015. Demand for our Temperature Control products may vary significantly with summer weather conditions and customer inventories.
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Gross Margins. Gross margins, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, increased to 30.5% for 2016, compared to 28.9% for 2015. The following table summarizes gross margins by segment for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, |  | Engine Management |  |  | Temperature Control |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 765,539 |  |  | $ | 283,740 |  |  | $ | 9,203 |  |  | $ | 1,058,482 |
Gross margins |  |  | 239,710 |  |  |  | 72,547 |  |  |  | 10,230 |  |  |  | 322,487 |
Gross margin percentage |  |  | 31.3 | % |  |  | 25.6 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 30.5 | %
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 698,021 |  |  | $ | 264,478 |  |  | $ | 9,476 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |
Gross margins |  |  | 212,021 |  |  |  | 57,977 |  |  |  | 10,990 |  |  |  | 280,988 |
Gross margin percentage |  |  | 30.4 | % |  |  | 21.9 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 28.9 | %

Gross margins at Engine Management increased 0.9 percentage points from 30.4% to 31.3%, and gross margins at Temperature Control increased 3.7 percentage points from 21.9% to 25.6%. The gross margin percentage increase in Engine Management compared to the prior year was primarily the result of the year-over-year increase in production volume and the impact of one-time costs incurred in the prior year to improve our diesel manufacturing production processes. The gross margin percentage increase in Temperature Control compared to the prior year resulted primarily from year-over-year increased production volumes, and unabsorbed manufacturing overheads charged in the prior year results which negatively impacted 2015 gross margins.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses increased to $221.7 million, or 20.9% of consolidated net sales in 2016, as compared to $206.3 million, or 21.2% of consolidated net sales, in 2015. The $15.4 million increase in SG&A expenses as compared to 2015 is principally due to (1) higher selling and marketing costs, higher distribution expenses, and higher costs incurred in our accounts receivable factoring program, all associated with increased sales volumes; and (2) incremental expenses of $7.5 million from our acquisition of the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation, including amortization of intangible assets acquired.
Restructuring and Integration Expenses (Income). Restructuring and integration expenses were $4 million in 2016 compared to restructuring and integration income of $0.1 million in 2015. The $4.1 million year-over-year increase in restructuring and integration expenses reflects primarily the impact of the plant rationalization program that commenced in February 2016 and the wire and cable relocation program announced in October 2016.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net was $1.2 million in 2016 compared to $1 million in 2015. During 2016 and 2015, we recognized $1 million of deferred gain related to the sale-leaseback of our Long Island City, New York facility.
Operating Income. Operating income was $98.1 million in 2016, compared to $75.9 million in 2015. The year-over-year increase in operating income of $22.2 million is the result of higher consolidated net sales and higher gross margins as a percentage of consolidated net sales offset, in part, by higher SG&A expenses and higher restructuring and integration expenses.
Other Non-Operating Income, Net. Other non-operating income, net was $2.1 million in 2016, compared to other non-operating expense, net of $0.2 million in 2015. The year-over-year increase in other non-operating income, net resulted primarily from the increase in equity income from our joint ventures, the favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and the year-over-year impact of the write-off in 2015 of $0.8 million of unamortized deferred finance costs associated with the refinancing of the prior revolving credit facility.
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Interest Expense. Interest expense was $1.6 million in 2016 compared to $1.5 million in 2015. The impact of the year-over-year increase in average outstanding borrowings during 2016 when compared to 2015 was partially offset by the slight decline in average interest rates on our revolving credit facility. The year-over-year increase in our average outstanding borrowings resulted primarily from our May 2016 acquisition of the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation for approximately $67.5 million which was funded by our revolving credit facility.
Income Tax Provision. The income tax provision for 2016 was $36.2 million at an effective tax rate of 36.7%, compared to $26 million at an effective tax rate of 35.1% in 2015. The higher year-over-year effective tax rate is the result of a change in the mix of pre-tax income from lower foreign tax rate jurisdictions to the U.S., and the year-over-year increase in state and local effective tax rates.
Loss from Discontinued Operations. Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax, reflects information contained in the most recent actuarial studies performed as of August 31, 2016 and 2015, other information available and considered by us, and legal expenses associated with our asbestos-related liability. During 2016 and 2015, we recorded a loss of $2 million and $2.1 million, net of tax, from discontinued operations, respectively. Based upon the actuarial studies performed as of August 31, 2016 and 2015, a favorable adjustment to the asbestos liability was not recorded in our consolidated financial statements in each of 2016 and 2015 as the difference between the low end of the range in each of the actuarial studies and our recorded liability was not material. As discussed more fully in Note 19 of the notes to our financial statements, we are responsible for certain future liabilities relating to alleged exposure to asbestos containing products.
Comparison of Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014
Sales. Consolidated net sales for 2015 were $972 million, a decrease of $8.4 million compared to $980.4 million in the same period of 2014. Consolidated net sales at our Engine Management Segment decreased year-over-year, which more than offset the increase in sales at our Temperature Control Segment. Had the same Canadian Dollar and Polish Zloty exchange rates applied in 2014 been used in 2015, net sales for 2015 would have been $8.2 million higher, or $980.2 million.
The following table summarizes consolidated net sales by segment and by major product group within each segment for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Engine Management: |  |  |  |  |  |
Ignition, Emission and Fuel System Parts |  | $ | 598,161 |  |  | $ | 600,867 |
Wire and Cable |  |  | 99,860 |  |  |  | 108,396 |
Total Engine Management |  |  | 698,021 |  |  |  | 709,263 |
Temperature Control: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compressors |  |  | 127,861 |  |  |  | 124,238 |
Other Climate Control Parts |  |  | 136,617 |  |  |  | 134,827 |
Total Temperature Control |  |  | 264,478 |  |  |  | 259,065 |
All Other |  |  | 9,476 |  |  |  | 12,064 |
Total |  | $ | 971,975 |  |  | $ | 980,392 |

Engine Management’s net sales decreased $11.2 million, or 1.6%, to $698 million for 2015. Net sales in the ignition, emissions and fuel systems parts product group for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $598.2 million, a decrease of $2.7 million, or 0.5%, compared to $600.9 million in the same period of 2014. Net sales in the wire and cable product group for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $99.9 million, a decrease of $8.5 million, or 7.8%, compared to $108.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2014. Net sales in 2015 were negatively impacted by customer ordering patterns and diesel injector returns for quality inspection. Also contributing to the reduction in net sales was the negative impact of foreign currency exchange rates. Had the same Polish Zloty exchange rate applied in 2014 been used in 2015, net sales for 2015 would have been $1.5 million higher, or $699.5 million.
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Temperature Control’s net sales increased $5.4 million, or 2.1%, to $264.5 million for 2015. Net sales in the compressors product group for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $127.9 million, an increase of $3.7 million, or 3%, compared to $124.2 million in the same period of 2014. Net sales in the other climate control parts product group for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $136.6 million, an increase of $1.8 million, or 1.3%, compared to $134.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2014. Included in the 2015 net sales are incremental sales of $4.7 million from our asset acquisition of Annex Manufacturing, acquired in April 2014. Excluding the incremental sales from the acquisition, Temperature Control’s net sales increased $0.7 million compared to 2014. The year-over-year increase in net sales at Temperature Control resulted from the impact of warmer summer conditions in 2015 as compared to the same period in 2014. Offsetting the increase in net sales at Temperature Control was the negative impact of foreign currency exchange rates. Had the same Canadian exchange rate applied in 2014 been used in 2015, net sales for 2015 would have been $1.1 million higher, or $265.6 million. Demand for our Temperature Control products may vary significantly with summer weather conditions and customer inventories.
Gross Margins. Gross margins, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, decreased to 28.9% in 2015 compared to 29.5% in 2014. The following table summarizes net sales and gross margins by segment for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, |  | Engine Management |  |  | Temperature Control |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 698,021 |  |  | $ | 264,478 |  |  | $ | 9,476 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |
Gross margins |  |  | 212,021 |  |  |  | 57,977 |  |  |  | 10,990 |  |  |  | 280,988 |
Gross margin percentage |  |  | 30.4 | % |  |  | 21.9 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 28.9 | %
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 709,263 |  |  | $ | 259,065 |  |  | $ | 12,064 |  |  | $ | 980,392 |
Gross margins |  |  | 220,145 |  |  |  | 55,838 |  |  |  | 13,647 |  |  |  | 289,630 |
Gross margin percentage |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 21.6 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 29.5 | %

Gross margins at Engine Management decreased 0.6 percentage points from 31% to 30.4% while gross margins at Temperature Control increased 0.3 percentage points from 21.6% to 21.9%. The gross margin percentage decline in Engine Management compared to the prior year was primarily the result of costs incurred to improve our diesel manufacturing production processes and quality controls. The gross margin percentage increase in Temperature Control compared to the prior year reflects the impact of higher production volumes to meet the increase in customer demand due to warmer year-over-year summer weather conditions.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased to $206.3 million, or 21.2% of consolidated net sales in 2015, as compared to $193.5 million or 19.7% of consolidated net sales in 2014. The $12.8 million increase in SG&A expenses as compared to 2014 reflects the impact of the net $3.5 million charge recorded in 2015 to reduce our outstanding accounts receivable balance from one of our customers that filed for bankruptcy in January 2016 to our estimated recovery amount, in addition to higher selling, marketing and distribution expenses, higher expenses related to the sale of receivables, and higher employee compensation and benefit costs including the reduction of postretirement prior service cost benefit amortization.
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Litigation Charge. During 2014, we recorded a $10.6 million litigation charge in connection with a settlement agreement in a legal proceeding with a third party. The settlement amount was paid in September 2014 and was funded from cash on hand and available credit under our revolving credit facility.
Restructuring and Integration Expenses (Income). Restructuring and integration income was $0.1 million in 2015 compared to restructuring and integration expenses of $1.2 million in 2014. The $1.3 million year-over-year decrease in restructuring and integration expenses reflects the reduction of expenses related to prior year programs.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net was $1 million in 2015 compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. During 2015 and 2014, we recognized $1 million of deferred gain related to the sale-leaseback of our Long Island City, New York facility.
Operating Income. Operating income was $75.9 million in 2015, compared to $85.3 million in 2014. Included in operating income in 2014 was a $10.6 million charge in connection with a settlement agreement in a legal proceeding with a third party. Excluding the $10.6 million charge in 2014, operating income in 2014 was $95.9 million. The year-over-year decline in operating income is the result of lower net sales, lower gross margins as a percentage of consolidated net sales and higher SG&A expenses.
Other Non-Operating Income (Expense), Net. Other non-operating expense, net was $0.2 million in 2015, compared to other non-operating expense, net of $2 million in 2014. During 2015, we recognized foreign currency losses of $0.7 million, and upon entering into a new revolving credit agreement wrote-off $0.8 million of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the prior revolving credit agreement. Offsetting these other non-operating expenses in 2015 were $1 million of equity income from our joint ventures, and interest, dividend income and other income of $0.2 million. Other non-operating expense, net during 2014 consisted of foreign currency losses of $1.6 million and equity losses from our joint ventures of $0.8 million, which were offset by interest and dividend income of $0.3 million.
Interest Expense. Interest expense was essentially flat year-over-year. Interest expense was $1.5 million in 2015 compared to $1.6 million in 2014. The lower average outstanding borrowings in 2015, when compared to 2014, were offset by slightly higher interest rates.
Income Tax Provision. The income tax provision for 2015 was $26 million at an effective tax rate of 35.1%, compared to $28.9 million at an effective tax rate of 35.3% in 2014. The effective tax rate was essentially flat year-over-year.
Loss from Discontinued Operations, Net of Income Tax Benefit. Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax, reflects information contained in the most recent actuarial studies performed as of August 31, 2015 and 2014, and other information available and considered by us, and legal expenses incurred associated with our asbestos-related liability. During 2015 and 2014, we recorded a loss of $2.1 million and $9.9 million, net of tax, from discontinued operations, respectively. The loss from discontinued operations in 2014 includes a $12.8 million pre-tax provision reflecting the impact of the results of the August 2014 actuarial study. In 2015, the difference between the low end of the range in the August 2015 actuarial study and our recorded liability indicated a favorable pre-tax adjustment that was not material and, as such, was not recorded. As discussed more fully in Note 19 of the notes to our financial statements, we are responsible for certain future liabilities relating to alleged exposure to asbestos containing products.
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Restructuring and Integration Programs
Plant Rationalization Program
In February 2016, in connection with our ongoing efforts to improve operating efficiencies and reduce costs, we finalized our intention to implement a plant rationalization initiative. As part of the plant rationalization, we plan to relocate certain production activities from our Grapevine, Texas manufacturing facility to facilities in Greenville, South Carolina and Reynosa, Mexico, relocate certain service functions from Grapevine, Texas to our administrative offices in Lewisville, Texas, and close our Grapevine, Texas facility. In addition, certain production activities will be relocated from our Greenville, South Carolina manufacturing facility to our manufacturing facility in Bialystok, Poland. The following table summarizes the Plant Rationalization Program’s forecast and the amounts incurred through December 31, 2016:

|  | Forecast |  |  | Amounts Incurred Through December 31, 2016 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Restructuring and integration expense |  | $ | 5,000 |  |  | $ | 3,205 |
Capital expenditures |  |  | 2,600 |  |  |  | 2,400 |
Temporary incremental operating expense |  |  | 1,400 |  |  |  | 400 |
Total |  | $ | 9,000 |  |  | $ | 6,005 |

Wire and Cable Relocation
In connection with our acquisition of the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation in May 2016, we expect to incur certain integration expenses, including costs to be incurred in connection with the consolidation of the General Cable Corporation Altoona, Pennsylvania distribution center into our existing wire distribution center in Edwardsville, Kansas and the relocation of certain machinery and equipment. In October 2016, we further announced our plan to relocate all production from the acquired Nogales, Mexico wire set assembly operation to our existing wire assembly facility in Reynosa, Mexico and to close the Nogales, Mexico plant. The following table summarizes the Wire and Cable Relocation Program’s forecast and the amounts incurred through December 31, 2016:

|  | Forecast |  |  | Amounts Incurred Through December 31, 2016 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Restructuring and integration expense |  | $ | 2,900 |  |  | $ | 714 |
Capital expenditures |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 500 |
Temporary incremental operating expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100 |
Total |  | $ | 3,900 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |

Orlando Plant Rationalization Program
In January 2017, in connection with our ongoing efforts to improve operating efficiencies and reduce costs, we finalized our intention to implement another plant rationalization initiative at our Orlando, Florida facility. As part of the plant rationalization, we plan to relocate production activities from our Orlando, Florida manufacturing facility to Independence, Kansas, and close our Orlando, Florida facility. One-time plan rationalization costs of approximately $3.7 million are expected to be incurred in 2017 and 2018 consisting of restructuring and integration expenses of approximately $3.1 million related to employee severance and relocation of certain machinery and equipment; and capital expenditures of approximately $0.6 million.
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Index
For a detailed discussion on the restructuring and integration costs, see Note 3, “Restructuring and Integration Expense (Income),” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Operating Activities. During 2016, cash provided by operations was $97.8 million, compared to $65.2 million in 2015. During 2016, cash provided by operations was favorably impacted by (1) net earnings of $60.4 million compared to net earnings of $46 million in 2015; (2) the increase in accounts payable of $7.3 million compared to the year-over-year increase in accounts payable of $1.9 million in 2015; (3) the increase in sundry payables and accrued expenses of $21 million compared to the year-over-year increase in sundry payables and accrued expenses of $1.9 million in 2015; and (4) the decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $3.5 million compared to the year-over-year decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.4 million. Partially offsetting the favorable result in operating cash flow was (1) the increase in accounts receivable of $8.8 million compared to the year-over-year increase in accounts receivable of $2 million in 2015; and (2) the increase in inventory of $20.2 million compared to the year-over-year increase in inventory of $12.5 million in 2015. The higher year-over-year increase in sundry payables and accrued expenses in 2016 as compared to 2015 reflects higher employee compensation, and restructuring and integration accruals, which are expected to be paid in 2017. The higher year-over-year increase in inventories in 2016 as compared to 2015 is the result of “safety stock” built in connection with our restructuring and integration programs, while the comparative increase in accounts receivable is the result of the impact of our May 2016 acquisition of the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation. We continue to actively manage our working capital to maximize our operating cash flow.
During 2015, cash provided by operations was $65.2 million, compared to $47 million in 2014. Included in cash provided by operations during 2014 was a nonrecurring $10.6 million cash payment in connection with a settlement agreement in a legal proceeding with a third party. During 2015, cash provided by operations was favorably impacted by (1) net earnings of $46 million compared to net earnings of $43 million in 2014; (2) the increase in accounts payable of $1.9 million compared to the year-over-year decrease in accounts payable of $4.3 million in 2014; and (3) the increase in sundry payables and accrued expenses of $1.9 million compared to the year-over-year decrease in sundry payables and accrued expenses of $7.7 million in 2014. Partially offsetting the favorable result in operating cash flow was (1) the increase in accounts receivable of $2 million compared to the year-over-year decrease in accounts receivable of $1.8 million in 2014; and (2) the increase in inventory of $12.5 million compared to the year-over-year increase in inventory of $6.7 million in 2014.
Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities was $88 million in 2016, compared to $18 million in 2015 and $51.2 million in 2014. Investing activities in 2016 consisted of (1) our acquisition of certain assets and the assumption of certain liabilities of General Cable Corporation’s automotive ignition wire business in North America as well as 100% of the equity interests of a General Cable subsidiary in Nogales, Mexico for $67.3 million, net of cash acquired and (2) capital expenditures of $20.9 million.
Cash used in investing activities was $18 million in 2015 which consisted of capital expenditures of $18 million.
Cash used in investing activities was $51.2 million in 2014. Investing activities in 2014 consisted of (1) our acquisition of certain assets of Pensacola Fuel Injection Inc., our primary vendor for rebuilt diesel fuel injectors and other related diesel products, for $12.2 million; (2) our acquisition of a 50% interest in the joint venture with Gwo Yng Enterprise Co., Ltd., a China based manufacturer of air conditioning accumulators, filter driers, hose assemblies, and switches for the automotive aftermarket and OEM/OES markets for $14 million; (3) our acquisition of certain assets of Annex Manufacturing of Fort Worth, Texas, a distributor of a variety of temperature control products for the automotive aftermarket, for $11.5 million; and (4) capital expenditures of $13.9 million.
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Index
Financing Activities. Cash used in financing activities was $7.8 million in 2016, compared to cash used in financing activities of $41.2 million in 2015, and cash provided by financing activities of $15.3 million in 2014. During 2016, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, along with cash provided by operating activities, were used to fund the acquisition of the North American automotive ignition business of General Cable Corporation, purchase shares of our common stock, pay dividends and fund capital expenditures. During 2016, we increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility by $7.4 million and repurchased 10,135 shares of our common stock by $0.4 million.
Cash used by finance activities was $41.2 million in 2015. Cash provided by operating cash flow in 2015 was used to fund capital expenditures, pay dividends, repurchase company stock and reduce borrowings under our revolving credit facility. During 2015, we reduced borrowings under our revolving credit facilities by $9.1 million and repurchased 551,791 shares of our common stock for $19.6 million.
Cash provided by financing activities was $15.3 million in 2014. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility in 2014, along with the cash provided by operations, were used to pay dividends and to fund acquisitions, business investments, capital expenditures, and the repurchase of 284,284 shares of our common stock for $10 million. During 2014, we increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility by $35.2 million.
Dividends of $15.4 million, $13.7 million and $11.9 million were paid in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Quarterly dividends were paid at a rate of $0.17 per share in 2016, $0.15 per share in 2015 and $0.13 per share in 2014. In January 2017, our Board of Directors voted to increase our quarterly dividend from $0.17 per share in 2016 to $0.19 per share in 2017.
Liquidity
Our primary cash requirements include working capital, capital expenditures, regular quarterly dividends, stock repurchases, principal and interest payments on indebtedness and acquisitions. Our primary sources of funds are ongoing net cash flows from operating activities and availability under our secured revolving credit facility (as detailed below).
In October 2015, we entered into a Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, and a syndicate of lenders for a senior secured revolving credit facility with a line of credit of up to $250 million (with an additional $50 million accordion feature) and a maturity date in October 2020. The new credit agreement replaces our prior credit facility with General Electric Capital Corporation, as agent, and the lenders therein. Direct borrowings under the new credit agreement bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% based on our borrowing availability, or floating at the alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% based on our borrowing availability, at our option. The credit agreement is guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and secured by certain of our assets.
Borrowings under the new credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets, including accounts receivable, inventory and certain fixed assets, and those of certain of our subsidiaries. Availability under the credit agreement is based on a formula of eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory, eligible equipment and eligible fixed assets. After taking into account outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement, there was an additional $139.8 million available for us to borrow pursuant to the formula at December 31, 2016. Outstanding borrowings under the credit agreements, which are classified as current liabilities, were $54.8 million and $47.4 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Borrowings under the restated credit agreement have been classified as current liabilities based upon the accounting rules and certain provisions in the agreement.
At December 31, 2016, the weighted average interest rate on our credit agreement was 2.3%, which consisted of $45 million in direct borrowings at 2% and an alternative base rate loan of $9.8 million at 4%.
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Index
At December 31, 2015, the weighted average interest rate on our credit agreement was 1.7%, which consisted of $44 million in direct borrowings at 1.6% and an alternative base rate loan of $3.4 million at 3.8%. Our average daily alternative base rate/index loan balance was $2.6 million and $4.9 million during 2016 and 2015, respectively.
At any time that our borrowing availability is less than the greater of either (a) $25 million, or 10% of the commitments if fixed assets are not included in the borrowing base, or (b) $31.25 million, or 12.5% of the commitments if fixed assets are included in the borrowing base, the terms of the credit agreement provide for, among other provisions, a financial covenant requiring us, on a consolidated basis, to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1:1 at the end of each fiscal quarter (rolling four quarters). As of December 31, 2016, we were not subject to these covenants. The credit agreement permits us to pay cash dividends of $20 million and make stock repurchases of $20 million in any fiscal year subject to a minimum availability of $25 million. Provided specific conditions are met, the credit agreement also permits acquisitions, permissible debt financing, capital expenditures, and cash dividend payments and stock repurchases of greater than $20 million.
The new credit agreement also replaces our Canadian Credit Agreement with GE Canada Finance Holding Company. The new agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. allows for a $10 million line of credit to Canada as part of the $250 million available for borrowing.
In order to reduce our accounts receivable balances and improve our cash flow, we sell undivided interests in certain of our receivables to financial institutions. We enter these agreements at our discretion when we determine that the cost of factoring is less than the cost of servicing our receivables with existing debt. Under the terms of the agreements, we retain no rights or interest, have no obligations with respect to the sold receivables, and do not service the receivables after the sale. As such, these transactions are being accounted for as a sale.
Pursuant to these agreements, we sold $759.2 million and $693.6 million of receivables for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. A charge in the amount of $19.3 million, $14.3 million and $13.1 million related to the sale of receivables is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. If we do not enter into these arrangements or if any of the financial institutions with which we enter into these arrangements were to experience financial difficulties or otherwise terminate these arrangements, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by delays or failures to collect future trade accounts receivable.
In February 2014, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $10 million of our common stock under a stock repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we repurchased 284,284 shares of our common stock under this program at a total cost of $10 million. No stock repurchases remain available under the 2014 program as the entire $10 million was utilized.
In February 2015, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $10 million of our common stock under a stock repurchase program. In July 2015, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to an additional $10 million of our common stock under another stock repurchase program. Under these programs, during the year ended December 31, 2015, we repurchased 551,791 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $19.6 million. As of December 31, 2015, there was approximately $0.4 million available for future stock repurchases under the programs. In January 2016, we repurchased an additional 10,135 shares of our common stock under the programs at a total cost of $0.4 million, thereby completing the 2015 Board of Directors authorizations.
Our Board of Directors did not authorize a stock repurchase program in 2016. As of December 31, 2016, there was no shares available for future stock repurchases under the programs. In February 2017, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $20 million of our common stock under a new stock repurchase program.
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Index
In February 2016, in connection with our ongoing efforts to improve operating efficiencies and reduce costs, we finalized our intention to implement a plant rationalization initiative. As part of the plant rationalization, we plan to relocate certain production activities from our Grapevine, Texas manufacturing facility to facilities in Greenville, South Carolina and Reynosa, Mexico, relocate certain service functions from Grapevine, Texas to our administrative offices in Lewisville, Texas, and close our Grapevine, Texas facility. In addition, certain production activities will be relocated from our Greenville, South Carolina manufacturing facility to our manufacturing facility in Bialystok, Poland. One-time plant rationalization costs of approximately $9 million are expected to be incurred in 2016 and 2017 consisting of restructuring and integration expenses of approximately $5 million related to employee severance and relocation of certain machinery and equipment; capital expenditures of approximately $2.6 million; and temporary incremental operating expenses of approximately $1.4 million. Substantially all of the one-time plant rationalization costs are expected to result in future cash expenditures and will be recognized throughout the program. As of December 31, 2016, cash expenditures of approximately $4 million have been made related to the program. We anticipate that the plant rationalization will be completed by the end of 2017.
In connection with our acquisition of the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation in May 2016, we expect to incur certain integration expenses, including costs to be incurred in connection with the consolidation of the General Cable Corporation Altoona, Pennsylvania distribution center into our existing wire distribution center in Edwardsville, Kansas and the relocation of certain machinery and equipment. In October 2016, we further announced our plan to relocate all production from the acquired Nogales, Mexico wire set assembly operation to our existing wire assembly facility in Reynosa, Mexico and to close the Nogales, Mexico plant. Integration expenses expected to be incurred related to the closure of the Nogales, Mexico plant include employee severance and the relocation of certain machinery and equipment. Total integration expenses of $2.9 million are expected to be incurred related to the program. Substantially all of the integration expenses are expected to result in future cash expenditures. During the year ended December 31, 2016, integration expenses related to the program of $0.7 million were recognized. We anticipate that the wire and cable relocation program will be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2018.
We anticipate that our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months. Significant assumptions underlie this belief, including, among other things, that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity or capital requirements. If material adverse developments were to occur in any of these areas, there can be no assurance that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our revolving credit facility in amounts sufficient to enable us to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness, or to fund our other liquidity needs. In addition, if we default on any of our indebtedness, or breach any financial covenant in our revolving credit facility, our business could be adversely affected.
The following table summarizes our contractual commitments as of December 31, 2016 and expiration dates of commitments through 2026(a) (b):

(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 2022-2026 |  |  | Total |
Lease obligations |  | $ | 8,680 |  |  | $ | 7,278 |  |  | $ | 5,078 |  |  | $ | 3,942 |  |  | $ | 3,734 |  |  | $ | 6,103 |  |  | $ | 34,815 |
Postretirement |  |  | 1,240 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 1,567 |
Severance payments related to restructuring and integration |  |  | 1,968 |  |  |  | 494 |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,576 |
Total commitments |  | $ | 11,888 |  |  | $ | 7,828 |  |  | $ | 5,238 |  |  | $ | 3,993 |  |  | $ | 3,775 |  |  | $ | 6,236 |  |  | $ | 38,958 |

| (a) | Indebtedness under our revolving credit facilities is not included in the table above as it is reported as a current liability in our consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2016, amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facilities were $54.8 million.

| (b) | We anticipate total aggregate severance payments of approximately $3.7 million to be recorded related to the plant rationalization program initiated in February 2016 and the wire and cable relocation program. Both programs are expected to be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2018.

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Critical Accounting Policies
We have identified the policies below as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations is discussed throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 1 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements. You should be aware that preparation of our consolidated annual and quarterly financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We can give no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates. Although we do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimate or in the assumptions that we use in calculating the estimate, unforeseen changes in the industry, or business could materially impact the estimate and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Revenue Recognition. We derive our revenue primarily from sales of replacement parts for motor vehicles from both our Engine Management and Temperature Control Segments. We recognize revenues when products are shipped and title has been transferred to a customer, the sales price is fixed and determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. For certain of our sales of remanufactured products, we also charge our customers a deposit for the return of a used core component which we can use in our future remanufacturing activities. Such deposit is not recognized as revenue but rather carried as a core liability. The liability is extinguished when a core is actually returned to us. We estimate and record provisions for cash discounts, quantity rebates, sales returns and warranties in the period the sale is recorded, based upon our prior experience and current trends. As described below, significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in estimating sales returns and allowances relating to revenue recognized in any accounting period.
Inventory Valuation. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on the first-in, first-out basis. Where appropriate, standard cost systems are utilized for purposes of determining cost; the standards are adjusted as necessary to ensure they approximate actual costs. Estimates of lower of cost or market value of inventory are determined based upon current economic conditions, historical sales quantities and patterns and, in some cases, the specific risk of loss on specifically identified inventories.
We also evaluate inventories on a regular basis to identify inventory on hand that may be obsolete or in excess of current and future projected market demand. For inventory deemed to be obsolete, we provide a reserve on the full value of the inventory. Inventory that is in excess of current and projected use is reduced by an allowance to a level that approximates our estimate of future demand. Future projected demand requires management judgment and is based upon (a) our review of historical trends and (b) our estimate of projected customer specific buying patterns and trends in the industry and markets in which we do business. Using rolling twelve month historical information, we estimate future demand on a continuous basis. As such, the historical volatility of such estimates has been minimal.
We utilize cores (used parts) in our remanufacturing processes for air conditioning compressors, diesel injectors, diesel pumps, and turbo chargers. The production of air conditioning compressors, diesel injectors, diesel pumps, and turbo chargers, involves the rebuilding of used cores, which we acquire either in outright purchases from used parts brokers or from returns pursuant to an exchange program with customers. Under such exchange programs, we reduce our inventory, through a charge to cost of sales, when we sell a finished good compressor, and put back to inventory the used core exchanged at standard cost through a credit to cost of sales when it is actually received from the customer.
Sales Returns and Other Allowances and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We must make estimates of potential future product returns related to current period product revenue. We analyze historical returns, current economic trends, and changes in customer demand when evaluating the adequacy of the sales returns and other allowances. Significant judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing the sales returns and other allowances in any accounting period. At December 31, 2016, the allowance for sales returns was $40.2 million.
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Similarly, we must make estimates of the uncollectability of our accounts receivables. We specifically analyze accounts receivable and analyze historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit‑worthiness, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In January 2016, one of our customers filed a petition for bankruptcy. In connection with the bankruptcy filing, we evaluated our potential risk and exposure, and estimated our anticipated recovery as related to our outstanding accounts receivable balance from the customer. As a result of our evaluations, we recorded a net $3.5 million pre-tax charge during the year ended December 31, 2015, and an additional net $0.8 million pre-tax charge during the year ended December 31, 2016, which resulted in the write-off of our entire accounts receivable balance from the customer as of December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2016, the allowance for doubtful accounts and for discounts was $4.4 million.
New Customer Acquisition Costs. New customer acquisition costs refer to arrangements pursuant to which we incur change-over costs to induce a new customer to switch from a competitor’s brand. In addition, change-over costs include the costs related to removing the new customer’s inventory and replacing it with Standard Motor Products inventory commonly referred to as a stocklift. New customer acquisition costs are recorded as a reduction to revenue when incurred.
Accounting for Income Taxes. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our actual current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and to the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be recovered, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase or decrease this allowance in a period, we must include an expense or recovery, respectively, within the tax provision in the statement of operations.
We maintain valuation allowances when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred asset will not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is warranted, we evaluate factors such as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carryback and carryforward periods and tax strategies. We consider all positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize the deferred tax asset. We consider cumulative losses in recent years as well as the impact of one-time events in assessing our pre-tax earnings. Assumptions regarding future taxable income require significant judgment. Our assumptions are consistent with estimates and plans used to manage our business, which includes restructuring and integration initiatives that are expected to generate significant savings in future periods.
The valuation allowance of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2016 is intended to provide for the uncertainty regarding the ultimate realization of our U.S. foreign tax credit carryovers and foreign net operating loss carryovers. The assessment of the adequacy of our valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income in these jurisdictions and the period over which our deferred tax assets will be recoverable. Based on these considerations, we believe it is more likely than not that we will realize the benefit of the net deferred tax asset of $51.1 million as of December 31, 2016, which is net of the remaining valuation allowance.
In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, or we adjust these estimates in future periods for current trends or expected changes in our estimating assumptions, we may need to modify the level of the valuation allowance which could materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In accordance with generally accepted accounting practices, we recognize in our financial statements only those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. We establish tax reserves for uncertain tax positions that do not meet this threshold. As of December 31, 2016, we do not believe there is a need to establish a liability for uncertain tax positions. Penalties and interest associated with income tax matters are included in the provision for income taxes in our consolidated statement of operations.
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Valuation of Long‑Lived and Intangible Assets and Goodwill. At acquisition, we estimate and record the fair value of purchased intangible assets, which primarily consists of customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, patents and non-compete agreements. The fair values of these intangible assets are estimated based on our assessment. Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and certain other intangible assets having indefinite lives are not amortized to earnings, but instead are subject to periodic testing for impairment. Intangible assets determined to have definite lives are amortized over their remaining useful lives.
We assess the impairment of long‑lived assets, identifiable intangibles assets and goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. With respect to goodwill and identifiable intangible assets having indefinite lives, we test for impairment on an annual basis or in interim periods if an event occurs or circumstances change that may indicate the fair value is below its carrying amount. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review, include the following: (a) significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; (b) significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; and (c) significant negative industry or economic trends. We review the fair values using the discounted cash flows method and market multiples.
When performing our evaluation of goodwill for impairment, if we conclude qualitatively that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, than the two-step impairment test is not required. If we are unable to reach this conclusion, then we would perform the two-step impairment test. Initially, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying amount. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit; we are required to perform a second step, as this is an indication that the reporting unit goodwill may be impaired. In this step, we compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill and recognize a charge for impairment to the extent the carrying value exceeds the implied fair value. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets (recognized and unrecognized) and liabilities of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. The residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. In addition, identifiable intangible assets having indefinite lives are reviewed for impairment on an annual basis using a methodology consistent with that used to evaluate goodwill.
Intangible assets having definite lives and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events such as product discontinuance, plant closures, product dispositions or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In reviewing for impairment, we compare the carrying value of such assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. When the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than their carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference between the assets fair value and their carrying value.
There are inherent assumptions and estimates used in developing future cash flows requiring our judgment in applying these assumptions and estimates to the analysis of identifiable intangibles and long‑lived asset impairment including projecting revenues, interest rates, tax rates and the cost of capital. Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside our control and it is reasonably likely that assumptions and estimates will change in future periods. These changes can result in future impairments. In the event our planning assumptions were modified resulting in impairment to our assets, we would be required to include an expense in our statement of operations, which could materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Postretirement Medical Benefits. Each year, we calculate the costs of providing retiree benefits under the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 712, Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits. The determination of postretirement plan obligations and their associated costs requires the use of actuarial computations to estimate participant plan benefits the employees will be entitled to. The key assumptions used in making these calculations are the eligibility criteria of participants and the discount rate used to value the future obligation. The discount rate reflects the yields available on high-quality, fixed-rate debt securities.
Share-Based Compensation. The provisions of FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation, require the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant based on historical trends in order to estimate the amount of share-based awards that will ultimately vest. We monitor actual forfeitures for any subsequent adjustment to forfeiture rates.
Environmental Reserves. We are subject to various U.S. Federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations and are involved in certain environmental remediation efforts. We estimate and accrue our liabilities resulting from such matters based upon a variety of factors including the assessments of environmental engineers and consultants who provide estimates of potential liabilities and remediation costs. Such estimates are not discounted to reflect the time value of money due to the uncertainty in estimating the timing of the expenditures, which may extend over several years. Potential recoveries from insurers or other third parties of environmental remediation liabilities are recognized independently from the recorded liability, and any asset related to the recovery will be recognized only when the realization of the claim for recovery is deemed probable.
Asbestos Litigation. We are responsible for certain future liabilities relating to alleged exposure to asbestos-containing products. In accordance with our accounting policy, our most recent actuarial study as of August 31, 2016 estimated an undiscounted liability for settlement payments, excluding legal costs and any potential recovery from insurance carriers, ranging from $31 million to $47.7 million for the period through 2059. Based on the information contained in the actuarial study and all other available information considered by us, we have concluded that no amount within the range of settlement payments was more likely than any other and, therefore, in assessing our asbestos liability we compare the low end of the range to our recorded liability to determine if an adjustment is required. Based upon the results of the August 31, 2016 actuarial study, a favorable adjustment to the asbestos liability was not recorded in our consolidated financial statements as the difference between our recorded liability and the liability in the actuarial report at the low end of the range was not material. In addition, according to the updated study, future legal costs, which are expensed as incurred and reported in loss from discontinued operations in the accompanying statement of operations, are estimated to range from $42.7 million to $78.6 million for the period through 2059. We will continue to perform an annual actuarial analysis during the third quarter of each year for the foreseeable future. Based on this analysis and all other available information, we will continue to reassess the recorded liability and, if deemed necessary, record an adjustment to the reserve, which will be reflected as a loss or gain from discontinued operations.
Other Loss Reserves. We have other loss exposures, for such matters as legal claims and legal proceedings. Establishing loss reserves for these matters requires estimates, judgment of risk exposure, and ultimate liability. We record provisions when the liability is considered probable and reasonably estimable. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. As additional information becomes available, we reassess our potential liability related to these matters. Such revisions of the potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For a detailed discussion on recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk, primarily related to foreign currency exchange and interest rates. These exposures are actively monitored by management. Our exposure to foreign exchange rate risk is due to certain costs, revenues and borrowings being denominated in currencies other than one of our subsidiary’s functional currency. Similarly, we are exposed to market risk as the result of changes in interest rates, which may affect the cost of our financing. It is our policy and practice to use derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to manage exposures. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. As of December 31, 2016, we did not have any derivative financial instruments.
Exchange Rate Risk
We have exchange rate exposure, primarily, with respect to the Canadian Dollar, the Euro, the British Pound, the Polish Zloty, the Mexican Peso, the Taiwan Dollar, the Chinese Yuan Renminbi and the Hong Kong Dollar. As of December 31, 2016, our monetary assets and liabilities which are subject to this exposure are immaterial, therefore, the potential immediate loss to us that would result from a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would not be expected to have a material impact on our earnings or cash flows. This sensitivity analysis assumes an unfavorable 10% fluctuation in the exchange rates affecting the foreign currencies in which monetary assets and liabilities are denominated and does not take into account the incremental effect of such a change on our foreign currency denominated revenues.
Interest Rate Risk
We manage our exposure to interest rate risk through the proportion of fixed rate debt and variable rate debt in our debt portfolio. To manage a portion of our exposure to interest rate changes, we have in the past entered into interest rate swap agreements. We invest our excess cash in highly liquid short-term investments. Substantially all of our debt is variable rate debt as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. Depending upon the level of borrowings under our revolving credit facility and our excess cash, the effect of a hypothetical, instantaneous and unfavorable change of 100 basis points in the interest rate may have an approximate $0.7 million negative impact on our earnings or cash flows.
In addition, from time to time, we sell undivided interests in certain of our receivables to financial institutions. We enter these agreements at our discretion when we determine that the cost of factoring is less than the cost of servicing our receivables with existing debt. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we sold $759.2 million of receivables. Depending upon the level of sales of receivables pursuant these agreements, the effect of a hypothetical, instantaneous and unfavorable change of 100 basis points in the margin rate may have an approximate $7.6 million negative impact on our earnings or cash flows. The charge related to the sale of receivables is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
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ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

| Page No.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting | 45
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | 46
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—Consolidated Financial Statements | 47
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 | 48
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 | 49
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 | 50
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 | 51
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 | 52
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 53

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MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL
OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
To the Stockholders of
Standard Motor Products, Inc. and Subsidiaries:
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act). Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Because of these inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation, and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
We assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment using those criteria, we concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, our internal control over financial reporting is effective.
Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has audited our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 and has also audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. KPMG’s report appears on the following pages of this “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM—
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Standard Motor Products, Inc. and Subsidiaries
We have audited Standard Motor Products, Inc. and subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Standard Motor Products, Inc.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Standard Motor Products, Inc. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Standard Motor Products, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016, and our report dated February 21, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
February 21, 2017
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM—
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Standard Motor Products, Inc. and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Standard Motor Products, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the consolidated financial statement Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016. These consolidated financial statements and the accompanying consolidated financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and consolidated financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Standard Motor Products, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related consolidated financial statement schedule for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 21, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
February 21, 2017
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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) |
Net sales |  | $ | 1,058,482 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |  |  | $ | 980,392 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 735,995 |  |  |  | 690,987 |  |  |  | 690,762 |
Gross profit |  |  | 322,487 |  |  |  | 280,988 |  |  |  | 289,630 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 221,658 |  |  |  | 206,287 |  |  |  | 193,525 |
Litigation charge |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,650 |
Restructuring and integration expense (income) |  |  | 3,957 |  |  |  | (134 | ) |  |  | 1,197 |
Other income, net |  |  | 1,195 |  |  |  | 1,025 |  |  |  | 1,080 |
Operating income |  |  | 98,067 |  |  |  | 75,860 |  |  |  | 85,338 |
Other non-operating income (expense), net |  |  | 2,059 |  |  |  | (220 | ) |  |  | (1,969 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 1,556 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 1,616 |
Earnings from continuing operations before taxes |  |  | 98,570 |  |  |  | 74,103 |  |  |  | 81,753 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 36,158 |  |  |  | 25,983 |  |  |  | 28,854 |
Earnings from continuing operations |  |  | 62,412 |  |  |  | 48,120 |  |  |  | 52,899 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax benefit of $1,322, $1,401 and $6,580 |  |  | (1,982 | ) |  |  | (2,102 | ) |  |  | (9,870 | )
Net earnings |  | $ | 60,430 |  |  | $ | 46,018 |  |  | $ | 43,029 |
Net earnings per common share – Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations |  | $ | 2.75 |  |  | $ | 2.11 |  |  | $ | 2.31 |
Discontinued operations |  |  | (0.09 | ) |  |  | (0.09 | ) |  |  | (0.43 | )
Net earnings per common share – Basic |  | $ | 2.66 |  |  | $ | 2.02 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |
Net earnings per common share – Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations |  | $ | 2.70 |  |  | $ | 2.08 |  |  | $ | 2.28 |
Discontinued operations |  |  | (0.08 | ) |  |  | (0.09 | ) |  |  | (0.43 | )
Net earnings per common share – Diluted |  | $ | 2.62 |  |  | $ | 1.99 |  |  | $ | 1.85 |
Dividends declared per share |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |
Average number of common shares |  |  | 22,722,517 |  |  |  | 22,811,862 |  |  |  | 22,899,516 |
Average number of common shares and dilutive common shares |  |  | 23,082,578 |  |  |  | 23,142,394 |  |  |  | 23,239,925 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Net earnings |  | $ | 60,430 |  |  | $ | 46,018 |  |  | $ | 43,029 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | (5,294 | ) |  |  | (5,739 | ) |  |  | (3,781 | )
Pension and postretirement plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service benefit |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (112 | ) |  |  | (3,017 | )
Unrecognized loss |  |  | 763 |  |  |  | 2,261 |  |  |  | 2,435 |
Unrecognized actuarial gains (losses) |  |  | 542 |  |  |  | 462 |  |  |  | (413 | )
Plan settlement |  |  | — |  |  |  | 654 |  |  |  | — |
Foreign currency exchange rate changes |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | (34 | )
Income tax (expense) benefit related to pension and postretirement plans |  |  | (514 | ) |  |  | (1,325 | ) |  |  | 372 |
Pension and postretirement plans, net of tax |  |  | 740 |  |  |  | 1,917 |  |  |  | (657 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | (4,554 | ) |  |  | (3,822 | ) |  |  | (4,438 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 55,876 |  |  | $ | 42,196 |  |  | $ | 38,591 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 19,796 |  |  | $ | 18,800 |
Accounts receivable, less allowances for discounts and doubtful accounts of $4,425 and $4,246 in 2016 and 2015, respectively |  |  | 134,630 |  |  |  | 123,853 |
Inventories |  |  | 312,477 |  |  |  | 285,793 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 40,627 |  |  |  | 40,626 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 7,318 |  |  |  | 10,668 |
Total current assets |  |  | 514,848 |  |  |  | 479,740 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 78,499 |  |  |  | 68,882 |
Goodwill |  |  | 67,231 |  |  |  | 54,881 |
Other intangibles, net |  |  | 64,056 |  |  |  | 29,386 |
Deferred incomes taxes |  |  | 10,500 |  |  |  | 10,737 |
Other assets |  |  | 33,563 |  |  |  | 37,438 |
Total assets |  | $ | 768,697 |  |  | $ | 681,064 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable |  | $ | 54,812 |  |  | $ | 47,427 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 16 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 83,878 |  |  |  | 72,711 |
Sundry payables and accrued expenses |  |  | 45,147 |  |  |  | 40,706 |
Accrued customer returns |  |  | 40,176 |  |  |  | 38,812 |
Accrued rebates |  |  | 29,127 |  |  |  | 27,196 |
Payroll and commissions |  |  | 30,658 |  |  |  | 17,048 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 283,841 |  |  |  | 243,916 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 62 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | 12,380 |  |  |  | 12,922 |
Accrued asbestos liabilities |  |  | 31,328 |  |  |  | 32,185 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 327,669 |  |  |  | 289,085 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Stock - par value $2.00 per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Authorized 30,000,000 shares, issued 23,936,036 shares |  |  | 47,872 |  |  |  | 47,872 |
Capital in excess of par value |  |  | 96,850 |  |  |  | 93,247 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 336,464 |  |  |  | 291,481 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | (11,028 | ) |  |  | (6,474 | )
Treasury stock - at cost (1,101,487 shares and 1,295,316 shares in 2016 and 2015, respectively) |  |  | (29,130 | ) |  |  | (34,147 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 441,028 |  |  |  | 391,979 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 768,697 |  |  | $ | 681,064 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
50

Index
STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (In thousands) |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 60,430 |  |  | $ | 46,018 |  |  | $ | 43,029 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 20,457 |  |  |  | 17,637 |  |  |  | 17,295 |
Amortization of deferred financing cost |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 635 |  |  |  | 699 |
Increase (decrease) to allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | 3,371 |  |  |  | (497 | )
Increase to inventory reserves |  |  | 5,371 |  |  |  | 1,864 |  |  |  | 3,553 |
Amortization of deferred gain on sale of buildings |  |  | (1,048 | ) |  |  | (1,048 | ) |  |  | (1,048 | )
Equity (income) loss from joint ventures |  |  | (2,029 | ) |  |  | (976 | ) |  |  | 822 |
Employee Stock Ownership Plan allocation |  |  | 2,021 |  |  |  | 2,208 |  |  |  | 1,826 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 6,127 |  |  |  | 5,379 |  |  |  | 4,843 |
Excess tax benefits related to exercise of employee stock grants |  |  | (849 | ) |  |  | (1,254 | ) |  |  | (1,269 | )
Increase in deferred income taxes |  |  | (691 | ) |  |  | (1,494 | ) |  |  | (4,959 | )
Decrease in unrecognized tax benefit |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (350 | )
Increase (decrease) in tax valuation allowance |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | (342 | )
Loss on discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | 1,982 |  |  |  | 2,102 |  |  |  | 9,870 |
Change in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable |  |  | (8,826 | ) |  |  | (1,996 | ) |  |  | 1,755 |
Increase in inventories |  |  | (20,155 | ) |  |  | (12,503 | ) |  |  | (6,712 | )
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 3,475 |  |  |  | 367 |  |  |  | (959 | )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable |  |  | 7,345 |  |  |  | 1,882 |  |  |  | (4,329 | )
Increase (decrease) in sundry payables and accrued expenses |  |  | 20,990 |  |  |  | 1,874 |  |  |  | (7,697 | )
Net changes in other assets and liabilities |  |  | 2,584 |  |  |  | 1,018 |  |  |  | (8,543 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 97,805 |  |  |  | 65,171 |  |  |  | 46,987 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisitions of and investments in businesses |  |  | (67,289 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (37,726 | )
Capital expenditures |  |  | (20,921 | ) |  |  | (18,047 | ) |  |  | (13,904 | )
Other investing activities |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 430 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (88,018 | ) |  |  | (18,011 | ) |  |  | (51,200 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net borrowings (repayments) under line-of-credit agreements |  |  | 7,384 |  |  |  | (9,131 | ) |  |  | 35,152 |
Net borrowings (payments) of long-term debt and capital lease obligations |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | (170 | ) |  |  | 182 |
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (377 | ) |  |  | (19,623 | ) |  |  | (10,000 | )
Increase (decrease) in overdraft balances |  |  | (254 | ) |  |  | 851 |  |  |  | 522 |
Payments of debt issuance costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (748 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 96 |
Excess tax benefits related to the exercise of employee stock grants |  |  | 849 |  |  |  | 1,254 |  |  |  | 1,269 |
Dividends paid |  |  | (15,447 | ) |  |  | (13,697 | ) |  |  | (11,905 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | (7,756 | ) |  |  | (41,155 | ) |  |  | 15,316 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (1,035 | ) |  |  | (933 | ) |  |  | (2,934 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 996 |  |  |  | 5,072 |  |  |  | 8,169 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS at beginning of year |  |  | 18,800 |  |  |  | 13,728 |  |  |  | 5,559 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS at end of year |  | $ | 19,796 |  |  | $ | 18,800 |  |  | $ | 13,728 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 1,207 |  |  | $ | 901 |  |  | $ | 882 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 32,505 |  |  | $ | 27,513 |  |  | $ | 27,562 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
51

Index
STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Total |
(In thousands) |  |  |
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2013 |  | $ | 47,872 |  |  | $ | 87,563 |  |  | $ | 228,036 |  |  | $ | 1,786 |  |  | $ | (15,825 | ) |  | $ | 349,432 |
Net earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43,029 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43,029 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,438 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,438 | )
Cash dividends paid ($0.52 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,905 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,905 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | (10,000 | )
Stock-based compensation and related tax benefits |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,005 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,065 |  |  |  | 6,070 |
Stock options exercised and related tax benefits |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 139 |
Employee Stock Ownership Plan |  |  | — |  |  |  | 826 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 1,826 |
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2014 |  |  | 47,872 |  |  |  | 91,411 |  |  |  | 259,160 |  |  |  | (2,652 | ) |  |  | (21,638 | ) |  |  | 374,153 |
Net earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,018 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,018 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,822 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,822 | )
Cash dividends paid ($0.60 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,697 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,697 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,623 | ) |  |  | (19,623 | )
Stock-based compensation and related tax benefits |  |  | — |  |  |  | 833 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,700 |  |  |  | 6,533 |
Stock options exercised and related tax benefits |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | 209 |
Employee Stock Ownership Plan |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,001 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,207 |  |  |  | 2,208 |
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2015 |  |  | 47,872 |  |  |  | 93,247 |  |  |  | 291,481 |  |  |  | (6,474 | ) |  |  | (34,147 | ) |  |  | 391,979 |
Net earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60,430 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60,430 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,554 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,554 | )
Cash dividends paid ($0.68 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,447 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,447 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (377 | ) |  |  | (377 | )
Stock-based compensation and related tax benefits |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,148 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,828 |  |  |  | 6,976 |
Employee Stock Ownership Plan |  |  | — |  |  |  | 455 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,566 |  |  |  | 2,021 |
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2016 |  | $ | 47,872 |  |  | $ | 96,850 |  |  | $ | 336,464 |  |  | $ | (11,028 | ) |  | $ | (29,130 | ) |  | $ | 441,028 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
52

Index
STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation
Standard Motor Products, Inc. and subsidiaries (referred to hereinafter in these notes to the consolidated financial statements as “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”) is engaged in the manufacture and distribution of replacement parts for motor vehicles in the automotive aftermarket industry with a complementary focus on heavy duty, industrial equipment and the original equipment service market. The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and all domestic and international companies in which we have more than a 50% equity ownership. Our investments in unconsolidated affiliates are accounted for on the equity method, as we do not have a controlling financial interest but have the ability to exercise significant influence. All significant inter-company items have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these consolidated financial statements. Some of the more significant estimates include allowances for doubtful accounts, cash discounts, valuation of inventory, valuation of long-lived assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets, product liability exposures, pensions and other postretirement benefits, asbestos, environmental and litigation matters, valuation of deferred tax assets, share based compensation and sales returns and other allowances. We can give no assurances that actual results will not differ from those estimates. Although we do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimate or in the assumptions that we use in calculating the estimate, unforeseen changes in the industry, or business could materially impact the estimate and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Cash Discounts
We do not generally require collateral for our trade accounts receivable. Accounts receivable have been reduced by an allowance for amounts that may become uncollectible in the future. These allowances are established based on a combination of write-off history, aging analysis, and specific account evaluations. When a receivable balance is known to be uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. In January 2016, one of our customers filed a petition for bankruptcy. In connection with the bankruptcy filing, we evaluated our potential risk and exposure, and estimated our anticipated recovery as related to our outstanding accounts receivable balance from the customer. As a result of our evaluations, we recorded a net $3.5 million pre-tax charge during the year ended December 31, 2015, and an additional net $0.8 million pre-tax charge during the year ended December 31, 2016, which resulted in the write-off of our entire accounts receivable balance from the customer as of December 31, 2016. Cash discounts are provided based on an overall average experience rate applied to qualifying accounts receivable balances.
53

Index
STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (determined by means of the first-in, first-out method) or market. Where appropriate, standard cost systems are utilized for purposes of determining cost; the standards are adjusted as necessary to ensure they approximate actual costs. Estimates of lower of cost or market are determined based upon current economic conditions, historical sales quantities and patterns and, in some cases, the specific risk of loss on specifically identified inventories.
We also evaluate inventories on a regular basis to identify inventory on hand that may be obsolete or in excess of current and future projected market demand. For inventory deemed to be obsolete, we provide a reserve on the full value of the inventory. Inventory that is in excess of current and projected use is reduced by an allowance to a level that approximates our estimate of future demand. Future projected demand requires management judgment and is based upon (a) our review of historical trends and (b) our estimate of projected customer specific buying patterns and trends in the industry and markets in which we do business. Using rolling twelve month historical information, we estimate future demand on a continuous basis. As such, the historical volatility of such estimates has been minimal. We maintain provisions for inventory reserves of $47.9 million and $45 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
We utilize cores (used parts) in our remanufacturing processes for air conditioning compressors, diesel injectors, diesel pumps, and turbo chargers. The production of air conditioning compressors, diesel injectors, diesel pumps, and turbo chargers, involves the rebuilding of used cores, which we acquire either in outright purchases from used parts brokers, or from returns pursuant to an exchange program with customers. Under such exchange programs, we reduce our inventory, through a charge to cost of sales, when we sell a finished good compressor, and put back to inventory the used core exchanged at standard cost through a credit to cost of sales when it is actually received from the customer.
Property, Plant and Equipment
These assets are recorded at historical cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method of depreciation over the estimated useful lives as follows:

| Estimated Life
Buildings | 25 to 33-1/2 years
Building improvements | 10 to 25 years
Machinery and equipment | 7 to 12 years
Tools, dies and auxiliary equipment | 3 to 8 years
Furniture and fixtures | 3 to 12 years

Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease. Costs related to maintenance and repairs which do not prolong the assets useful lives are expensed as incurred. We assess our property, plant and equipment to be held and used for impairment when indicators are present that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Valuation of Long-Lived and Intangible Assets and Goodwill
At acquisition, we estimate and record the fair value of purchased intangible assets, which primarily consists of customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, patents and non-compete agreements.
54

Index
STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The fair values of these intangible assets are estimated based on our assessment. Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and certain other intangible assets having indefinite lives are not amortized to earnings, but instead are subject to periodic testing for impairment. Intangible assets determined to have definite lives are amortized over their remaining useful lives.
We assess the impairment of long‑lived assets, identifiable intangibles assets and goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. With respect to goodwill and identifiable intangible assets having indefinite lives, we test for impairment on an annual basis or in interim periods if an event occurs or circumstances change that may indicate the fair value is below its carrying amount. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review, include the following: (a) significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; (b) significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; and (c) significant negative industry or economic trends. We review the fair values using the discounted cash flows method and market multiples.
When performing our evaluation of goodwill for impairment, if we conclude qualitatively that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step impairment test is not required. If we are unable to reach this conclusion, then we would perform the two-step impairment test. Initially, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying amount. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit; we are required to perform a second step, as this is an indication that the reporting unit goodwill may be impaired. In this step, we compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill and recognize a charge for impairment to the extent the carrying value exceeds the implied fair value. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets (recognized and unrecognized) and liabilities of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. The residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. In addition, identifiable intangible assets having indefinite lives are reviewed for impairment on an annual basis using a methodology consistent with that used to evaluate goodwill.
Intangible assets having definite lives and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events such as product discontinuance, plant closures, product dispositions or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In reviewing for impairment, we compare the carrying value of such assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. When the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than their carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference between the assets fair value and their carrying value.
There are inherent assumptions and estimates used in developing future cash flows requiring our judgment in applying these assumptions and estimates to the analysis of identifiable intangibles and long‑lived asset impairment including projecting revenues, interest rates, tax rates and the cost of capital. Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside our control and it is reasonably likely that assumptions and estimates will change in future periods. These changes can result in future impairments. In the event our planning assumptions were modified resulting in impairment to our assets, we would be required to include an expense in our statement of operations, which could materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
New Customer Acquisition Costs
New customer acquisition costs refer to arrangements pursuant to which we incur change-over costs to induce a new customer to switch from a competitor’s brand. In addition, change-over costs include the costs related to removing the new customer’s inventory and replacing it with our inventory commonly referred to as a stocklift. New customer acquisition costs are recorded as a reduction to revenue when incurred.
55

Index
STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Income statement accounts are translated using the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and remains there until the underlying foreign operation is liquidated or substantially disposed of. Foreign currency transaction gains or losses are recorded in the statement of operations under the caption “other non-operating income (expense), net.”
Revenue Recognition
We derive our revenue primarily from sales of replacement parts for motor vehicles from both our Engine Management and Temperature Control Segments. We recognize revenues when products are shipped and title has been transferred to a customer, the sales price is fixed and determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. For certain of our sales of remanufactured products, we also charge our customers a deposit for the return of a used core component which we can use in our future remanufacturing activities. Such deposit is not recognized as revenue but rather carried as a core liability. The liability is extinguished when a core is actually returned to us. We estimate and record provisions for cash discounts, quantity rebates, sales returns and warranties in the period the sale is recorded, based upon our prior experience and current trends. Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in estimating sales returns and allowances relating to revenue recognized in any accounting period.
Selling, General and Administration Expenses
Selling, general and administration expenses includes shipping costs and advertising, which are expensed as incurred. Shipping and handling charges, as well as freight to customers, are included in distribution expenses as part of selling, general and administration expenses.
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs represent costs incurred in conjunction with our debt financing activities. Deferred financing costs related to our revolving credit facility are capitalized and amortized over the life of the related financing arrangement. If the debt is retired early, the related unamortized deferred financing costs are written off in the period the debt is retired and are recorded in the statement of operations under the caption other non-operating income (expense), net.
Post-Retirement Medical Benefits
The determination of postretirement plan obligations and their associated expenses requires the use of actuarial valuations to estimate participant plan benefits employees earn while working as well as the present value of those benefits. Inherent in these valuations are financial assumptions including the eligibility criteria of participants and discount rates at which liabilities can be settled. Management reviews these assumptions annually with its actuarial advisors. The actuarial assumptions used may differ materially from actual results due to changing market and economic conditions, or longer or shorter life spans of participants. We recognize the underfunded or overfunded status of a postretirement plan as an asset or liability and recognize changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur through accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity.
56

Index
STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Share-Based Compensation
We measure and recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods in our consolidated statements of operations. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant based on historical trends in order to estimate the amount of share-based awards that will ultimately vest. We monitor actual forfeitures for any subsequent adjustment to forfeiture rates.
Accounting for Income Taxes
Income taxes are calculated using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities, as measured by the current enacted tax rates.
We maintain valuation allowances when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred asset will not be realized. The valuation allowance is intended in part to provide for the uncertainty regarding the ultimate utilization of our U.S. foreign tax credit carryovers and foreign net operating loss carryovers. In determining whether a valuation allowance is warranted, we consider all positive and negative evidence and all sources of taxable income such as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carryback and carryforward periods and tax strategies to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize the deferred tax asset. The assessment of the adequacy of our valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which we operate and the period over which our deferred tax assets will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, or we adjust these estimates in future periods for current trends or expected changes in our estimating assumptions, we may need to modify the level of valuation allowance which could materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The valuation allowance of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2016 is intended to provide for the uncertainty regarding the ultimate realization of our U.S. foreign tax credit carryovers and foreign net operating loss carryovers. Based on these considerations, we believe it is more likely than not that we will realize the benefit of the net deferred tax asset of $51.1 million as of December 31, 2016, which is net of the remaining valuation allowance.
Tax benefits are recognized for an uncertain tax position when, in management's judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount that is judged to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances and when new information becomes available. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for uncertain tax positions. As of December 31, 2016, we do not believe there is a need to establish a liability for uncertain tax positions.
Net Earnings per Common Share
We present two calculations of earnings per common share. “Basic” earnings per common share equals net income divided by weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. “Diluted” earnings per common share equals net income divided by the sum of weighted average common shares outstanding during the period plus potentially dilutive common shares. Potentially dilutive common shares that are anti-dilutive are excluded from net earnings per common share. The following is a reconciliation of the shares used in calculating basic and dilutive net earnings per common share.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – Basic |  |  | 22,723 |  |  |  | 22,812 |  |  |  | 22,900 |
Plus incremental shares from assumed conversions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of restricted shares and performance shares |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 335 |
Dilutive effect of stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – Diluted |  |  | 23,083 |  |  |  | 23,142 |  |  |  | 23,240 |

The average shares listed below were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented or because they were excluded under the treasury method.

|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Restricted and performance shares |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | 276 |

Environmental Reserves
We are subject to various U.S. Federal and state and local environmental laws and regulations and are involved in certain environmental remediation efforts. We estimate and accrue our liabilities resulting from such matters based upon a variety of factors including the assessments of environmental engineers and consultants who provide estimates of potential liabilities and remediation costs. Such estimates are not discounted to reflect the time value of money due to the uncertainty in estimating the timing of the expenditures, which may extend over several years. Potential recoveries from insurers or other third parties of environmental remediation liabilities are recognized independently from the recorded liability, and any asset related to the recovery will be recognized only when the realization of the claim for recovery is deemed probable.
Asbestos Litigation
In evaluating our potential asbestos-related liability, we use an actuarial study that is prepared by a leading actuarial firm with expertise in assessing asbestos-related liabilities. We evaluate the estimate of the range of undiscounted liability to determine which amount to accrue. Based on the information contained in the actuarial study and all other available information considered by us, we have concluded that no amount within the range was more likely than any other and, therefore, in assessing our asbestos liability we compare the low end of the range to our recorded liability to determine if an adjustment is required. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.
Loss Contingencies
We have loss contingencies, for such matters as legal claims and legal proceedings. Establishing loss reserves for these matters requires estimates, judgment of risk exposure and ultimate liability. We record provisions when the liability is considered probable and reasonably estimable. Significant judgment is required for both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. We maintain an ongoing monitoring and identification process to assess how the activities are progressing against the accrued estimated costs. As additional information becomes available, we reassess our potential liability related to these matters. Adjustments to the liabilities are recorded in the statement of operations in the period when additional information becomes available. Such revisions of the potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Product Warranty and Overstock Returns
Many of our products carry a warranty ranging from a 90-day limited warranty to a lifetime limited warranty, which generally covers defects in materials or workmanship and failure to meet industry published specifications and/or the result of installation error. In addition to warranty returns, we also permit our customers to return new, undamaged products to us within customer-specific limits (which are generally limited to a specified percentage of their annual purchases from us) in the event that they have overstocked their inventories. We accrue for product warranties and overstock returns as a percentage of sales at the time products are sold, based upon estimates established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of claims. Revision to the accrual is made when necessary, based upon changes in these factors. We regularly study trends of such claims.
Trade Receivables
In compliance with accounting standards, sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet at the time of sale and any related expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash investments and accounts receivable. We place our cash investments with high quality financial institutions and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one institution. Although we are directly affected by developments in the vehicle parts industry, management does not believe significant credit risk exists.
With respect to accounts receivable, such receivables are primarily from warehouse distributors and major retailers in the automotive aftermarket industry located in the U.S. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial conditions. Our five largest individual customers, including members of a marketing group, accounted for approximately 70% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 68% of our consolidated net sales in 2015 and 69% of our consolidated net sales in 2014. During 2016, O’Reilly Automotive, Inc., NAPA Auto Parts, Advance Auto Parts, Inc., and AutoZone, Inc. accounted for 20%, 18%, 17% and 11% of our consolidated net sales, respectively. Net sales from each of the customers were reported in both our Engine Management and Temperature Control Segments. The loss of one or more of these customers or, a significant reduction in purchases of our products from any one of them, could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In January 2016, one of our customers filed a petition for bankruptcy. In connection with the bankruptcy filing, we evaluated our potential risk and exposure, and estimated our anticipated recovery as related to our outstanding accounts receivable balance from the customer. As a result of our evaluations, we recorded a net $3.5 million pre-tax charge during the year ended December 31, 2015, and an additional net $0.8 million pre-tax charge during the year ended December 31, 2016, which resulted in the write-off of our entire accounts receivable balance from the customer as of December 31, 2016.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Substantially all of the cash and cash equivalents, including foreign cash balances, at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were uninsured. Foreign cash balances at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $16.5 million and $16.2 million, respectively.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements that could have a material effect on our financial statements:

Standard | Description |  | Date of adoption |  | Effects on the financial statements or other significant matters
Standards that are not yet adopted as of December 31, 2016
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers | This standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under the new guidance, “an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” |  | January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted but not before January 1, 2017 |  | The new standard provides entities the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified approach to adopt the guidance. To date we performed an assessment of the potential impacts of the pronouncement including certain contract reviews. Based on our initial assessment we do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. We will be continuously assessing the new standard and reviewing contracts through the date of implementation, which we expect to occur as of January 1, 2018. We are currently evaluating the method of adoption.
ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Deferral of the Effective Date | This standard defers by one year the mandatory effective date of its revenue recognition standard, and provides entities the option to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. |  |  |
ASU 2016-02, Leases | This standard outlines the need to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). For income statement purposes, the FASB retained the dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or financing. Operating leases will result in straight-line expense while finance leases will result in a front-loaded expense pattern. |  | January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted |  | The new standard must be adopted utilizing a modified retrospective transition, and provides for certain expedients. The new standard will require that we recognize all of our leases, including our current operating leases, on the balance sheet. We are currently in the process of taking an inventory of our leases and are evaluating the impact the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements, and when we will adopt the new standard.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Standard | Description | Date of adoption | Effects on the financial statements or other significant matters
Standards that are not yet adopted as of December 31, 2016

ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share- Based Payment Accounting | This standard requires (1) that the tax effects related to share-based payments at settlement (or expiration) be recorded through the tax provision (benefit) in the income statement rather than in equity as permitted under current guidance under certain circumstances; (2) that all tax-related cash flows resulting from share-based payments be reported as operating activities on the statement of cash flows, a change from the current requirement to present windfall tax benefits as an inflow from financing activities and an outflow from operating activities; and (3) that when computing diluted earnings per share, the effect of “windfall” tax benefits be excluded from the hypothetical proceeds used to calculate the repurchase of shares under the treasury stock method. |  | January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted |  | We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes | This standard requires entities with a classified balance sheet to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. The new guidance requires entities to offset all deferred tax assets and liabilities (and valuation allowances) for each tax-paying jurisdiction within each tax-paying component. The net deferred tax must be presented as a single noncurrent amount. |  | January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted |  | The new standard provides entities the option of either a retrospective or prospective approach to adopt the guidance. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory | This standard changes the measurement principle for inventory from the lower of cost or market to lower of cost and net realizable value for entities that measures inventory using first-in, first-out or average cost. In addition, this standard eliminates the requirement for these entities to consider replacement cost or net realizable value less an approximate normal profit margin when measuring inventory. |  | January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted |  | The new standard should be applied prospectively. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows | This standard is intended to reduce diversity in practice and to provide guidance as to how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. |  | January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted |  | The new standard requires application using a retrospective transition method. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Standard | Description | Date of adoption | Effects on the financial statements or other significant matters
Standards that are not yet adopted as of December 31, 2016

ASU 2015-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment | This standard is intended to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment. ASU 2015-04 removes Step 2 of the test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. |  | January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted |  | The new standard should be applied prospectively. We will consider the new standard when performing our annual impairment test and evaluate when we will adopt the new standard.
Standards that were adopted
ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs | This standard requires that debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction of the carrying value of the associated debt liability. Under the then existing guidance, debt issuance costs were required to be presented in the balance sheet as a deferred charge (i.e., an asset). |  | January 1, 2016 |  | The adoption of the new standard did not change the manner in which we present debt financing costs related to our revolving credit facility as they are presented as an asset in our consolidated balance sheets.
ASU 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements | ASU 2015-15, clarified the above, stating that the FASB would not object to the presentation of debt issuance costs related to revolving debt arrangements as an asset that is amortized over the term of the arrangement. |  |  |  |
ASU 2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement- Period Adjustments | This standard eliminates the requirement to restate prior period financial statements for measurement period adjustments related to business acquisitions. Instead ASU 2015-16 requires that the cumulative impact of a measurement period adjustment (including the impact on prior periods) be recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment is identified. ASU 2015-16 also requires that companies present separately on the face of the income statement, or disclose in the notes, the portion of the adjustment recorded in current period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment had been recognized as of the acquisition date. |  | January 1, 2016 |  | We will prospectively apply the new standard to measurement period adjustments related to all future business acquisitions.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

2. | Business Acquisitions and Investments

2016 Business Acquisitions
In May 2016, we acquired the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation for approximately $67.5 million. The acquisition was paid for in cash funded by our revolving credit facility with JPMorgan Chase, as agent. The acquisition includes the purchase of certain assets and the assumption of certain liabilities of General Cable Corporation’s (and certain of its affiliates) automotive ignition wire business in North America as well as 100% of the equity interests of a General Cable subsidiary in Nogales, Mexico. Revenues generated from the acquired business were approximately $96 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.
The following table presents the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their fair values (in thousands):

Purchase Price |  |  |  |  | $ | 67,451 |
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables |  | $ | 3,130 |  |  |  |  |
Inventory |  |  | 12,567 |  |  |  |  |
Other current and noncurrent assets (1) |  |  | 334 |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 2,660 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  | 42,440 |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 12,746 |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  | (6,426 | ) |  |  |  |
Net assets acquired |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 67,451 |

| (1) | Other current and noncurrent assets includes $0.2 million of cash acquired.

Intangible assets acquired of $42.4 million consists of customer relationships of $39.4 million that will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 15 years; a non-compete agreement of $2.2 million that will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 5 years; and a supply agreement of $0.8 million that will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 1 year. Goodwill of $12.7 million was allocated to the Engine Management Segment and is deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill reflects relationships, business specific knowledge and the replacement cost of an assembled workforce associated with personal reputations, as well as the value of expected synergies.
Revenues included in our consolidated statements of operations for the acquisition was $52.9 million from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2016.
Pro Forma Information (Unaudited)
The following table summarizes certain supplemental unaudited pro forma financial information which was prepared as if the acquisition of the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation described above had occurred as of January 1, 2015. The unaudited pro forma financial information was prepared for comparative purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition been made at that time, or of results which may occur in the future.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Supplemental unaudited pro forma financial information for the acquisition is as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
|  | Reported |  |  | Pro Forma |  |  | Reported |  |  | Pro Forma |
Revenues |  | $ | 1,058,482 |  |  | $ | 1,097,813 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |  |  | $ | 1,067,834 |
Net earnings |  |  | 60,430 |  |  |  | 62,138 |  |  |  | 46,018 |  |  |  | 47,723 |

3. | Restructuring and Integration Expense (Income)

The aggregated liabilities included in “sundry payables and accrued expenses” and “other accrued liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheet relating to the restructuring and integration activities, including the plant rationalization program and the wire and cable relocation program as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | Workforce Reduction |  |  | Other Exit Costs |  |  | Total |
Exit activity liability at December 31, 2014 |  | $ | 947 |  |  | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | 1,676 |
Restructuring and integration costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts provided for during 2015 |  |  | (212 | ) |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | (134 | )
Cash payments |  |  | (465 | ) |  |  | (216 | ) |  |  | (681 | )
Exit activity liability at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | 861 |
Restructuring and integration costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts provided for during 2016 |  |  | 2,934 |  |  |  | 1,023 |  |  |  | 3,957 |
Cash payments |  |  | (392 | ) |  |  | (1,154 | ) |  |  | (1,546 | )
Reclassification to ongoing accrued liabilities (1) |  |  | (236 | ) |  |  | (460 | ) |  |  | (696 | )
Exit activity liability at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 2,576 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,576 |

| (1) | Applies to liabilities associated with the prior year restructuring and integration programs which relate primarily to employee severance and other retiree benefit enhancements to be paid through 2020 and environmental clean-up costs at our Long Island City, New York location in connection with the closure of our manufacturing operations at the site. These amounts were reclassified out of the restructuring and integration liability and into ongoing accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2016.

Restructuring Costs
Plant Rationalization Program
In February 2016, in connection with our ongoing efforts to improve operating efficiencies and reduce costs, we finalized our intention to implement a plant rationalization initiative. As part of the plant rationalization, we plan to relocate certain production activities from our Grapevine, Texas manufacturing facility to facilities in Greenville, South Carolina and Reynosa, Mexico, relocate certain service functions from Grapevine, Texas to our administrative offices in Lewisville, Texas, and close our Grapevine, Texas facility. In addition, certain production activities will be relocated from our Greenville, South Carolina manufacturing facility to our manufacturing facility in Bialystok, Poland. Restructuring and integration expenses expected to be incurred related to the program of approximately $5 million, consisting of employee severance and relocation of certain machinery and equipment, will be recognized throughout the program. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized $3.2 million of restructuring and integration expenses related to the program. We anticipate that the plant rationalization will be completed by the end of 2017.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Activity, by segment, for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to our plant rationalization program consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | Engine Management |  |  | Temperature Control |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Exit activity liability at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring and integration costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts provided for during 2016 |  |  | 844 |  |  |  | 2,361 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,205 |
Cash payments |  |  | (833 | ) |  |  | (318 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,151 | )
Exit activity liability at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 2,043 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,054 |

Integration Costs
Wire and Cable Relocation
In connection with our acquisition of the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation in May 2016, we expect to incur certain integration expenses, including costs to be incurred in connection with the consolidation of the General Cable Corporation Altoona, Pennsylvania distribution center into our existing wire distribution center in Edwardsville, Kansas and the relocation of certain machinery and equipment. In October 2016, we further announced our plan to relocate all production from the acquired Nogales, Mexico wire set assembly operation to our existing wire assembly facility in Reynosa, Mexico and to close the Nogales, Mexico plant. Integration expenses expected to be incurred related to the closure of the Nogales, Mexico plant include employee severance and the relocation of certain machinery and equipment. Total integration expenses of $2.9 million are expected to be incurred related to the program. During the year ended December 31, 2016, integration expenses related to the program of $0.7 million were recognized. We anticipate that the wire and cable relocation program will be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2018.
Activity, by segment, for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to our wire and cable relocation program consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | Engine Management |  |  | Temperature Control |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Exit activity liability at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring and integration costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts provided for during 2016 |  |  | 714 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 714 |
Cash payments |  |  | (192 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (192 | )
Exit activity liability at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 522 |

4. | Sale of Receivables

From time to time, we sell undivided interests in certain of our receivables to financial institutions. We enter these agreements at our discretion when we determine that the cost of factoring is less than the cost of servicing our receivables with existing debt. Under the terms of the agreements, we retain no rights or interest, have no obligations with respect to the sold receivables, and do not service the receivables after the sale. As such, these transactions are being accounted for as a sale.
Pursuant to these agreements, we sold $759.2 million and $693.6 million of receivables for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. A charge in the amount of $19.3 million, $14.3 million and $13.1 million related to the sale of receivables is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. If we do not enter into these arrangements or if any of the financial institutions with which we enter into these arrangements were to experience financial difficulties or otherwise terminate these arrangements, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by delays or failures to collect future trade accounts receivable.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

5. | Inventories

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Finished goods |  | $ | 203,700 |  |  | $ | 186,782 |
Work-in-process |  |  | 6,823 |  |  |  | 5,456 |
Raw materials |  |  | 101,954 |  |  |  | 93,555 |
Total inventories |  | $ | 312,477 |  |  | $ | 285,793 |

6. | Property, Plant and Equipment

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Land, buildings and improvements |  | $ | 46,447 |  |  | $ | 45,655 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 128,650 |  |  |  | 131,959 |
Tools, dies and auxiliary equipment |  |  | 44,683 |  |  |  | 43,044 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 27,482 |  |  |  | 25,287 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 8,369 |  |  |  | 7,761 |
Construction-in-progress |  |  | 14,419 |  |  |  | 9,253 |
Total property, plant and equipment |  |  | 270,050 |  |  |  | 262,959 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | 191,551 |  |  |  | 194,077 |
Total property, plant and equipment, net |  | $ | 78,499 |  |  | $ | 68,882 |

Depreciation expense was $12.8 million in 2016, $12.1 million in 2015 and $11.8 million 2014.

7. | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill
We assess the impairment of long‑lived and identifiable intangibles assets and goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. With respect to goodwill, we test for impairment on an annual basis or in interim periods if an event occurs or circumstances change that may indicate the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount. We completed our annual impairment test of goodwill as of December 31, 2016.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
When performing our evaluation of goodwill for impairment, if we conclude qualitatively that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step impairment test is not required. If we are unable to reach this conclusion, then we would perform the two-step impairment test. We elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and have decided to perform the two-step impairment test for goodwill at both the Engine Management and Temperature Control reporting units at December 31, 2016. The first step of the impairment analysis consists of a comparison of the fair value of the reporting units with their respective carrying amounts, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying amount of the reporting unit, step two of the impairment analysis is not required. The fair values of the Engine Management and Temperature Control reporting units were determined based upon the Income Approach, which estimates the fair value based on future discounted cash flows, and the Market Approach, which estimates the fair value based on market prices of comparable companies. We base our fair value estimates on projected financial information which we believe to be reasonable. We also considered our total market capitalization as of December 31, 2016. Our December 31, 2016 annual goodwill impairment analysis did not result in an impairment charge as it was determined that the fair values of our Engine Management and Temperature Control reporting units were in excess of their carrying amounts. While the fair values exceed the carrying amounts at the present time and we do not believe that impairments are probable, the performance of the business and brands require continued improvement in future periods to sustain their carrying values.
Changes in the carrying values of goodwill by operating segment during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Engine Management |  |  | Temperature Control |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2014: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  | $ | 79,193 |  |  | $ | 14,270 |  |  | $ | 93,463 |
Accumulated impairment losses |  |  | (38,488 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (38,488 | )
|  | $ | 40,705 |  |  | $ | 14,270 |  |  | $ | 54,975 |
Activity in 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange rate change |  | $ | (94 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (94 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 79,099 |  |  |  | 14,270 |  |  |  | 93,369 |
Accumulated impairment losses |  |  | (38,488 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (38,488 | )
|  | $ | 40,611 |  |  | $ | 14,270 |  |  | $ | 54,881 |
Activity in 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation. |  | $ | 12,746 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,746 |
Foreign currency exchange rate change |  |  | (396 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (396 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 91,449 |  |  |  | 14,270 |  |  |  | 105,719 |
Accumulated impairment losses |  |  | (38,488 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (38,488 | )
|  | $ | 52,961 |  |  | $ | 14,270 |  |  | $ | 67,231 |

Acquired Intangible Assets
Acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 consist of:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 87,070 |  |  | $ | 48,475 |
Trademarks and trade names |  |  | 6,800 |  |  |  | 6,800 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 3,189 |  |  |  | 970 |
Patents |  |  | 723 |  |  |  | 723 |
Supply agreements |  |  | 800 |  |  |  | — |
Leaseholds |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 160 |
Total acquired intangible assets |  |  | 98,742 |  |  |  | 57,128 |
Less accumulated amortization (1) |  |  | (35,830 | ) |  |  | (29,040 | )
Net acquired intangible assets |  | $ | 62,912 |  |  | $ | 28,088 |

| (1) | Applies to all intangible assets, except for related trademarks and trade names totaling $5.2 million, which have indefinite useful lives and, as such, are not being amortized.

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In May 2016, we acquired the North American automotive ignition wire business of General Cable Corporation. Intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of $42.4 million consists of customer relationships of $39.4 million that will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 15 years; a non-compete agreement of $2.2 million that will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 5 years; and a supply agreement of $0.8 million that will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 1 year.
Total amortization expense for acquired intangible assets was $7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, and $5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Based on the current estimated useful lives assigned to our intangible assets, amortization expense is estimated to be $8 million for 2017, $7.5 million in 2018, $6.3 million in 2019, $5.9 million in 2020 and $30 million in the aggregate for the years 2021 through 2031.
Other Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets include computer software. Computer software as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 totaled $16.7 million. Total accumulated computer software amortization as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $15.6 million and $15.4 million, respectively. Computer software is amortized over its estimated useful life of 3 to 10 years. Amortization expense for computer software was $0.6 million, $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

8. | Other Assets

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Equity in joint ventures |  | $ | 19,924 |  |  | $ | 20,622 |
Deferred compensation |  |  | 10,763 |  |  |  | 10,675 |
Long term receivables |  |  | 1,061 |  |  |  | 4,215 |
Deferred financing costs, net |  |  | 973 |  |  |  | 1,267 |
Other |  |  | 842 |  |  |  | 659 |
Total other assets, net |  | $ | 33,563 |  |  | $ | 37,438 |

Deferred compensation consists of assets held in a nonqualified defined contribution pension plan as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Equity Method Investments
In April 2014, we formed a 50/50 joint venture with Gwo Yng Enterprise Co., Ltd. (“Gwo Yng”), a China-based manufacturer of air conditioner accumulators, filter driers, hose assemblies and switches for the automotive aftermarket and OEM/OES markets. We acquired our 50% interest in the joint venture for $14 million. We determined that due to a lack of a voting majority and other qualitative factors, we do not control the operations of the joint venture and accordingly, our investment in the joint venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we made purchases from Gwo Yng of approximately $15.4 million and $15 million, respectively.
In January 2013, we acquired an approximate 25% minority interest in Orange Electronic Co., Ltd. (“Orange”) for $6.3 million. Orange is a manufacturer of tire pressure monitoring system sensors and is located in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2016, our minority interest in Orange of 19.6% is accounted for using the equity method of accounting as we have the ability to exercise significant influence. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we made purchases from Orange of approximately $5 million and $4.4 million, respectively.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

9. | Credit Facilities and Long-Term Debt

Total debt outstanding is summarized as follows:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Revolving credit facilities |  | $ | 54,812 |  |  | $ | 47,427 |
Other |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 78 |
Total debt |  | $ | 54,975 |  |  | $ | 47,505 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  | $ | 54,855 |  |  | $ | 47,443 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 62 |
Total debt |  | $ | 54,975 |  |  | $ | 47,505 |

Maturities of long-term debt are not material for the year ended December 31, 2017 and beyond.
Revolving Credit Facility
In October 2015, we entered into a Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, and a syndicate of lenders for a senior secured revolving credit facility with a line of credit of up to $250 million (with an additional $50 million accordion feature) and a maturity date in October 2020. The new credit agreement replaces our prior credit facility with General Electric Capital Corporation, as agent, and the lenders therein. Direct borrowings under the new credit agreement bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% based on our borrowing availability, or floating at the alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% based on our borrowing availability, at our option. The credit agreement is guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and secured by certain of our assets.
Borrowings under the new credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets, including accounts receivable, inventory and certain fixed assets, and those of certain of our subsidiaries. Availability under the credit agreement is based on a formula of eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory, eligible equipment and eligible fixed assets. After taking into account outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement, there was an additional $139.8 million available for us to borrow pursuant to the formula at December 31, 2016. Outstanding borrowings under the credit agreements, which are classified as current liabilities, were $54.8 million and $47.4 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Borrowings under the restated credit agreement have been classified as current liabilities based upon the accounting rules and certain provisions in the agreement.
At December 31, 2016, the weighted average interest rate on our credit agreement was 2.3%, which consisted of $45 million in direct borrowings at 2% and an alternative base rate loan of $9.8 million at 4%. At December 31, 2015, the weighted average interest rate on our credit agreement was 1.7%, which consisted of $44 million in direct borrowings at 1.6% and an alternative base rate loan of $3.4 million at 3.8%. Our average daily alternative base rate/index loan balance was $2.6 million and $4.9 million during 2016 and 2015, respectively.
At any time that our borrowing availability is less than the greater of either (a) $25 million, or 10% of the commitments if fixed assets are not included in the borrowing base, or (b) $31.25 million, or 12.5% of the commitments if fixed assets are included in the borrowing base, the terms of the credit agreement provide for, among other provisions, a financial covenant requiring us, on a consolidated basis, to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1:1 at the end of each fiscal quarter (rolling four quarters). As of December 31, 2016, we were not subject to these covenants. The credit agreement permits us to pay cash dividends of $20 million and make stock repurchases of $20 million in any fiscal year subject to a minimum availability of $25 million. Provided specific conditions are met, the credit agreement also permits acquisitions, permissible debt financing, capital expenditures, and cash dividend payments and stock repurchases of greater than $20 million.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The new credit agreement also replaces our Canadian Credit Agreement with GE Canada Finance Holding Company. The new agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. allows for a $10 million line of credit to Canada as part of the $250 million available for borrowing.
Deferred Financing Costs
We had deferred financing costs of $1.3 million and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Deferred financing costs as of December 31, 2016 are related to our revolving credit facility. In connection with the new revolving credit facility agreement entered into in October 2015 with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., we incurred and capitalized approximately $0.7 million of deferred financing costs related to bank, legal, and other professional fees which are being amortized through 2020, the term of the agreement. In addition, upon entering into the new agreement, we wrote-off $0.8 million of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the old agreement. Unamortized deferred financing costs written-off in 2015 were recorded in other non-operating income (expense), net in our consolidated statement of operations.
Scheduled amortization for future years, assuming no prepayments of principal is as follows:

(In thousands) |  |  |
2017 |  | $ | 343 |
2018 |  |  | 343 |
2019 |  |  | 343 |
2020 |  |  | 287 |
Total amortization |  | $ | 1,316 |

10. | Stockholders’ Equity

We have authority to issue 500,000 shares of preferred stock, $20 par value, and our Board of Directors is vested with the authority to establish and designate any series of preferred, to fix the number of shares therein and the variations in relative rights as between each series. In December 1995, our Board of Directors established a new series of preferred shares designated as Series A Participating Preferred Stock. The number of shares constituting the Series A Preferred Stock is 30,000. The Series A Preferred Stock is designed to participate in dividends, ranks senior to our common stock as to dividends and liquidation rights and has voting rights. Each share of the Series A Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder to one thousand votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Company. No such shares were outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
In February 2014, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $10 million of our common stock under a stock repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we repurchased 284,284 shares of our common stock under this program at a total cost of $10 million. No stock repurchases remain available under the 2014 program as the entire $10 million was utilized.
In February 2015, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $10 million of our common stock under a stock repurchase program. In July 2015, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to an additional $10 million of our common stock under another stock repurchase program. Under these programs, during the year ended December 31, 2015, we repurchased 551,791 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $19.6 million. As of December 31, 2015, there was approximately $0.4 million available for future stock repurchases under the programs. In January 2016, we repurchased an additional 10,135 shares of our common stock under the programs at a total cost of $0.4 million, thereby completing the 2015 Board of Directors authorizations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Our Board of Directors did not authorize a stock repurchase program in 2016. As of December 31, 2016, there was no shares available for future stock repurchases under the programs. In February 2017, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $20 million of our common stock under a new repurchase program.

11. | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component

|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs (Credit) |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | $ | (219 | ) |  | $ | (2,433 | ) |  | $ | (2,652 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | (5,739 | ) |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | (5,091 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,269 |  |  |  | 1,269 |
Other comprehensive income, net |  |  | (5,739 | ) |  |  | 1,917 |  |  |  | (3,822 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | (5,958 | ) |  | $ | (516 | ) |  | $ | (6,474 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | (5,294 | ) |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | (4,962 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 408 |
Other comprehensive income, net |  |  | (5,294 | ) |  |  | 740 |  |  |  | (4,554 | )
Balance at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | (11,252 | ) |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | (11,028 | )

Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and into the Consolidated Statements of Operations

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
Details About Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Amortization of pension and postretirement benefit plans: |  | (In thousands) |
Prior service benefit (1) |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | (112 | )
Unrecognized loss (1) |  |  | 763 |  |  |  | 2,261 |
Total before income tax |  |  | 709 |  |  |  | 2,149 |
Income tax (expense) benefit |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  | (880 | )
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | 408 |  |  | $ | 1,269 |

| (1) | These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations (see Notes 13 and 14 for additional details).

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

12. | Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Our stock-based compensation program is a broad-based program designed to attract and retain employees while also aligning employees’ interests with the interests of our shareholders. In addition, members of our Board of Directors participate in our stock-based compensation program in connection with their service on our board. In May 2016, our Board of Directors and Shareholders approved the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan. The 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan supersedes the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which terminated in May 2016. The 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan is the only remaining plan available to provide stock-based incentive compensation to our employees, directors and other eligible persons.
Under the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which terminates in May 2026, we are authorized to issue, among other things, shares of restricted and performance-based stock to eligible employees and restricted stock to directors of up to 1,100,000 shares. Shares issued under the plan that are cancelled, forfeited or expire by their terms are eligible to be granted again under the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Awards previously granted under the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan are not affected by the plan’s termination, while shares not yet granted under the plan are not available for future issuance.
We account for our stock-based compensation plans in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation, which requires that a company measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The service period is the period of time that the grantee must provide services to us before the stock-based compensation is fully vested.
Stock-based compensation expense under our existing plans was $5.7 million ($3.6 million, net of tax) or $0.16 per basic and diluted share, $5.0 million ($3.2 million, net of tax) or $0.14 per basic and diluted share, and $4.3 million ($2.8 million, net of tax) or $0.12 per basic and diluted share for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Restricted Stock and Performance Share Grants
We currently grant shares of restricted stock to eligible employees and our independent directors and performance-based stock to eligible employees. Selected executives and other key personnel are granted performance awards whose vesting is contingent upon meeting various performance measures with a retention feature. Performance-based shares are subject to a three year measuring period and the achievement of performance targets and, depending upon the achievement of such performance targets, they may become vested on the third anniversary of the date of grant. Each period we evaluate the probability of achieving the applicable targets and we adjust our accrual accordingly. Restricted shares granted to employees become fully vested upon the third anniversary of the date of grant; and for selected key executives certain additional restricted share grants vest 25% upon the attainment of age 60, 25% upon the attainment of age 63 and become fully vested upon the attainment of age 65. Restricted shares granted to directors become fully vested upon the first anniversary of the date of grant. Commencing with the 2015 grants, restricted and performance shares issued to certain key executives and directors are subject to a one or two year holding period upon the lapse of the three year vesting period.
Prior to the time a restricted share becomes fully vested or a performance share is issued, the awardees cannot transfer, pledge, hypothecate or encumber such shares. Prior to the time a restricted share is fully vested, the awardees have all other rights of a stockholder, including the right to vote (but not receive dividends during the vesting period). Prior to the time a performance share is issued, the awardees shall have no rights as a stockholder. All shares and rights are subject to forfeiture if certain employment conditions are not met.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Under the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, 1,100,000 shares are authorized to be issued. At December 31, 2016, under the plan, there were an aggregate of (a) 212,500 shares of restricted and performance-based stock grants issued, net of forfeitures, and (b) 887,500 shares of common stock available for future grants. For the year ended December 31, 2016, 212,500 restricted and performance-based shares were granted (163,000 restricted shares and 49,500 performance-based shares).
In determining the grant date fair value, the stock price on the date of grant, as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange, was reduced by the present value of dividends expected to be paid on the shares issued and outstanding during the requisite service period, discounted at a risk-free interest rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the restriction or vesting period at the grant date. In addition, a further discount for the lack of marketability reduced the fair value of grants issued to certain key executives and directors subject to the one or two year post vesting holding period. Assumptions used in calculating the discount for the lack of marketability include an estimate of stock volatility, risk-free interest rate, and a dividend yield.
The fair value of the shares at the date of grant is amortized to expense ratably over the vesting period. Forfeitures on restricted stock grants are estimated at 5% for employees and 0% for executives and directors, respectively, based on evaluation of historical and expected future turnover.
As related to restricted and performance stock shares, we recorded compensation expense of $5.7 million ($3.6 million, net of tax), $5.0 million ($3.2 million, net of tax) and $4.3 million ($2.8 million, net of tax), for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The unamortized compensation expense related to our restricted and performance-based shares was $15.6 million and $12.7 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 5.7 years and 0.3 years for employees and directors, respectively, as of December 31, 2016 and over a weighted average period of 5.8 years and 0.3 years for employees and directors, respectively, as of December 31, 2015.
Our restricted and performance-based share activity was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share |
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  |  | 749,018 |  |  |  | 24.62 |
Granted |  |  | 211,950 |  |  |  | 31.79 |
Vested |  |  | (192,768 | ) |  |  | 22.13 |
Forfeited |  |  | (9,650 | ) |  |  | 29.30 |
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  |  | 758,550 |  |  | $ | 27.19 |
Granted |  |  | 212,500 |  |  |  | 42.93 |
Vested |  |  | (138,427 | ) |  |  | 31.55 |
Forfeited |  |  | (9,775 | ) |  |  | 31.79 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 |  |  | 822,848 |  |  | $ | 30.46 |

The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted and performance-based shares outstanding as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $25.1 million (or $30.46 per share), $20.6 million (or $27.19 per share), and $18.4 million (or $24.62 per share), respectively.

13. | Retirement Benefit Plans

Defined Contribution Plans
We maintain various defined contribution plans, which include profit sharing and provide retirement benefits for substantially all of our employees. Matching obligations, in connection with the plans which are funded in cash and typically contributed to the plans in March of the following year, are as follows (in thousands):
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

|  | U.S. Defined Contribution |
Year ended December 31, |  |  |
2016 |  | $ | 8,625 |
2015 |  |  | 8,445 |
2014 |  |  | 8,267 |

We maintain a defined contribution Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for key employees. Under the plan, these employees may elect to defer a portion of their compensation and, in addition, we may at our discretion make contributions to the plan on behalf of the employees. In March 2015, contributions of $0.5 million were made related to calendar year 2014. In March 2016, contributions of $0.3 million were made related to calendar year 2015. We have recorded an obligation of $0.3 million for 2016.
We also have an Employee Stock Ownership Plan and Trust (“ESOP”) for employees who are not covered by a collective bargaining agreement. In connection therewith, we maintain an employee benefits trust to which we contribute shares of treasury stock. We are authorized to instruct the trustees to distribute such shares toward the satisfaction of our future obligations under the plan. The shares held in trust are not considered outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per share until they are committed to be released. The trustees will vote the shares in accordance with its fiduciary duties. During 2016, we contributed to the trust an additional 59,200 shares from our treasury and released 59,200 shares from the trust leaving 200 shares remaining in the trust as of December 31, 2016. The provision for expense in connection with the ESOP was approximately $2 million in 2016, $2.2 million in 2015 and $1.8 million in 2014.
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
We maintain a defined benefit unfunded Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”). The SERP, as amended, is a defined benefit plan pursuant to which we will pay supplemental pension benefits to certain key employees upon the attainment of a contractual participant’s payment date based upon the employees’ years of service and compensation. In October 2015, the sole remaining participant in the unfunded SERP reached his applicable payment date. In connection therewith, in October 2015, we recorded a settlement loss of $1.5 million and made the corresponding lump-sum distribution of $7.6 million. We use a January 1 measurement date for this plan. Benefit obligations as of the end of each year reflect assumptions in effect as of this date. There was no benefit obligation outstanding related to the SERP as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
We recorded no expense related to the plan during the year ended December 31, 2016. Net periodic benefit cost of $2.5 million and $0.8 million was recorded related to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

14. | Postretirement Medical Benefits

We provide certain medical and dental care benefits to eligible retired U.S. and Canadian employees. Eligibility for U.S. employees is limited to employees hired before 1995. Under the U.S. plan, a Health Reimbursement Account (“HRA”) was established beginning January 1, 2009 for each qualified U.S. retiree. Annually, a fixed amount is credited into the HRA to cover both medical and dental costs for all current and future eligible retirees. Under the Canadian plan, retiree medical and dental benefits are funded using insurance contracts. Premiums under the insurance contracts are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis. The postretirement medical plans to substantially all eligible U.S. and Canadian employees will terminate on December 31, 2016. For U.S. plan participants balances in the HRA accounts at December 31, 2016 will remain available for use until December 31, 2018. Any remaining balance at December 31, 2018 will be forfeited. There will be no change to the eligibility or plan provided to the 39 former union employees in the U.S.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The benefit obligation, funded status, and amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements for our postretirement medical benefit plans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Postretirement Benefit Plans |
|  | U.S. Plan |  |  | Canadian Plan |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |  | $ | 2,928 |  |  | $ | 4,192 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 110 |
Service cost |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Interest cost |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |
Benefits paid |  |  | (534 | ) |  |  | (833 | ) |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (16 | )
Actuarial loss (gain) |  |  | (831 | ) |  |  | (455 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (7 | )
Translation adjustment & other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (16 | )
Benefit obligation at end of year |  | $ | 1,574 |  |  | $ | 2,928 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74 |
(Unfunded) status of the plans |  | $ | (1,574 | ) |  | $ | (2,928 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (74 | )

|  | Postretirement Benefit Plans |
|  | U.S. Plan |  |  | Canadian Plan |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued postretirement benefit liabilities |  | $ | 1,574 |  |  | $ | 2,928 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss (pre-tax) related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrecognized net actuarial losses (gains) |  |  | (374 | ) |  |  | 970 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (36 | )
Unrecognized prior service cost (credit) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (52 | )

The estimated net gain that is expected to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into postretirement medical benefits cost during 2017 is $0.2 million.
Net periodic benefit cost related to our plans includes the following components (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
U.S. postretirement plan: |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Interest cost |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 26 |
Amortization of prior service cost |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,888 | )
Actuarial net loss |  |  | 809 |  |  |  | 1,548 |  |  |  | 2,092 |
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) |  | $ | 820 |  |  | $ | 1,572 |  |  | $ | (769 | )
Canadian postretirement plan: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 4 |
Amortization of prior service cost |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (112 | ) |  |  | (129 | )
Actuarial net gain |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (45 | )
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) |  | $ | (98 | ) |  | $ | (131 | ) |  | $ | (170 | )
Total net periodic benefit cost (credit) |  | $ | 722 |  |  | $ | 1,441 |  |  | $ | (939 | )

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Actuarial assumptions used to determine costs and benefit obligations related to our U.S. postretirement plan are as follows:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Discount rate |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.55 | %

Actuarial assumptions used to determine costs and benefit obligations related to our Canadian postretirement plan are as follows:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Discount rates |  |  | 3.00 | % |  |  | 3.00 | % |  |  | 3.00 | %
Current medical cost trend rate |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | 5.71 | % |  |  | 6.43 | %
Ultimate medical cost trend rate |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Year trend rate declines to ultimate |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | 2017 |  |  |  | 2017 |

The Company’s discount rates are determined by considering current yield curves representing high quality, long-term fixed income instruments. We set our discount rate for the U.S. plan based on a review of the Citigroup Pension Discount Curve and the duration of expected payments in the plan. We set our discount rate for the Canadian plan based upon similar benchmarks in Canada.
The following benefit payments which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid (in thousands):

2017 |  | $ | 1,240 |
2018 |  |  | 56 |
2019 |  |  | 51 |
2020 |  |  | 46 |
2021 |  |  | 41 |
Years 2022 – 2026 |  |  | 133 |

A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would not have a material impact on our plans for 2017.

15. | Other Non-Operating Income (Expense), Net

The components of other non-operating income (expense), net are as follows:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Interest and dividend income |  | $ | 153 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 296 |
Equity income (loss) from joint ventures |  |  | 2,029 |  |  |  | 976 |  |  |  | (822 | )
Loss on foreign exchange |  |  | (276 | ) |  |  | (719 | ) |  |  | (1,562 | )
Write-off of deferred financing costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (773 | ) |  |  | — |
Other non-operating income, net |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 119 |
Total other non-operating income (expense), net |  | $ | 2,059 |  |  | $ | (220 | ) |  | $ | (1,969 | )

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

16. | Income Taxes

The income tax provision (benefit) consists of the following (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | $ | 33,156 |  |  | $ | 22,943 |  |  | $ | 30,415 |
Foreign |  |  | 3,628 |  |  |  | 4,324 |  |  |  | 3,740 |
Total current |  |  | 36,784 |  |  |  | 27,267 |  |  |  | 34,155 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  |  | (387 | ) |  |  | (1,210 | ) |  |  | (4,732 | )
Foreign |  |  | (239 | ) |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | (569 | )
Total deferred |  |  | (626 | ) |  |  | (1,284 | ) |  |  | (5,301 | )
Total income tax provision |  | $ | 36,158 |  |  | $ | 25,983 |  |  | $ | 28,854 |

We have not provided for U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries that are deferred from U.S. income taxation and that we intend to be permanently reinvested. Provision has been made for U.S. income taxes on the current earnings of our Canadian subsidiary as dividends are expected to be received from Canada related to these earnings. Cumulative undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries on which no U.S. income tax has been provided were $46.4 million at the end of 2016, $41.5 million at the end of 2015 and $35.2 million at the end of 2014. Earnings before income taxes for foreign operations amounted to approximately $10.8 million, $14.7 million and $11.6 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Reconciliations between taxes at the U.S. Federal income tax rate and taxes at our effective income tax rate on earnings from continuing operations before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
U.S. Federal income tax rate of 35% |  | $ | 34,500 |  |  | $ | 25,936 |  |  | $ | 28,614 |
Increase (decrease) in tax rate resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit |  |  | 2,944 |  |  |  | 1,857 |  |  |  | 2,309 |
Income tax (tax benefits) attributable to foreign income |  |  | (887 | ) |  |  | (1,705 | ) |  |  | (1,511 | )
Change in unrecognized tax benefits |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (350 | )
Other non-deductible items, net |  |  | (464 | ) |  |  | (192 | ) |  |  | 134 |
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | (342 | )
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 36,158 |  |  | $ | 25,983 |  |  | $ | 28,854 |

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The following is a summary of the components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  | $ | 18,323 |  |  | $ | 17,651 |
Allowance for customer returns |  |  | 15,092 |  |  |  | 14,551 |
Postretirement benefits |  |  | 607 |  |  |  | 1,127 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | 1,589 |  |  |  | 1,512 |
Accrued salaries and benefits |  |  | 11,482 |  |  |  | 9,683 |
Capital loss |  |  | 234 |  |  |  | 234 |
Tax credit carryforwards |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | 381 |
Deferred gain on building sale |  |  | 489 |  |  |  | 891 |
Accrued asbestos liabilities |  |  | 12,638 |  |  |  | 13,098 |
|  |  | 60,874 |  |  |  | 59,128 |
Valuation allowance (1) |  |  | (505 | ) |  |  | (440 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 60,369 |  |  |  | 58,688 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 7,410 |  |  |  | 7,054 |
Promotional costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 230 |
Other |  |  | 1,832 |  |  |  | 41 |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 9,242 |  |  |  | 7,325 |
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | 51,127 |  |  | $ | 51,363 |

| (1) | Current net deferred tax assets are $40.6 million in both 2016 and 2015. Non-current net deferred tax assets are $10.5 million and $10.7 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively. The tax valuation allowance was allocated to long term deferred tax assets in the amounts of $0.5 million and $0.4 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively. None of the valuation allowance was allocated to current deferred tax assets in 2016 and 2015.

In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will be realized. Ultimately, the realization of the deferred tax asset is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income in those periods in which temporary differences become deductible and/or net operating loss carryforwards can be utilized. We consider the level of historical taxable income, scheduled reversal of temporary differences, carryback and carryforward periods, tax planning strategies and projected future taxable income in determining whether a valuation allowance is warranted. We also consider cumulative losses in recent years as well as the impact of one-time events in assessing our pre-tax earnings. Assumptions regarding future taxable income require significant judgment. Our assumptions are consistent with estimates and plans used to manage our business.
The valuation allowance of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2016 was intended to provide for uncertainty regarding the ultimate realization of our U.S. foreign tax credit carryovers and foreign net operating loss carryovers. Based on these considerations, we believed it was more likely than not that we would realize the benefit of the net deferred tax asset of $51.1 million as of December 31, 2016, which was net of the remaining valuation allowance.
At December 31, 2016, we have foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $0.4 million that will expire in varying amounts by 2024.
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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In accordance with generally accepted accounting practices, we recognize in our financial statements only those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. We establish tax reserves for uncertain tax positions that do not meet this threshold. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 we did not establish a liability for uncertain tax provisions. The amount of uncertain tax positions recognized in 2014 of $0.4 million reduced our 2014 annual effective tax rate by 0.43%.
We are subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2016, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal tax examinations for years before 2013. We remain subject to examination by state and local tax authorities for tax years 2012 through 2015. Foreign jurisdictions have statutes of limitations generally ranging from 2 to 6 years. Years still open to examination by foreign tax authorities in major jurisdictions include Canada (2012 onward), Hong Kong (2011 onward), Mexico (2012 onward) and Poland (2011 onward). We do not presently anticipate that our unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease over the next 12 months; however, actual developments in this area could differ from those currently expected.

17. | Industry Segment and Geographic Data

We have two major reportable operating segments, each of which focuses on a specific line of replacement parts. Our Engine Management Segment manufactures and remanufactures ignition and emission parts, ignition wires, battery cables, fuel system parts and sensors for vehicle systems. Our Temperature Control Segment manufactures and remanufactures air conditioning compressors, air conditioning and heating parts, engine cooling system parts, power window accessories and windshield washer system parts.
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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The accounting policies of each segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 1). The following tables contain financial information for each reportable segment (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engine Management |  | $ | 765,539 |  |  | $ | 698,021 |  |  | $ | 709,263 |
Temperature Control |  |  | 283,740 |  |  |  | 264,478 |  |  |  | 259,065 |
Other |  |  | 9,203 |  |  |  | 9,476 |  |  |  | 12,064 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,058,482 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |  |  | $ | 980,392 |
Intersegment sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engine Management |  | $ | 22,268 |  |  | $ | 20,178 |  |  | $ | 23,633 |
Temperature Control |  |  | 7,293 |  |  |  | 6,542 |  |  |  | 6,966 |
Other |  |  | (29,561 | ) |  |  | (26,720 | ) |  |  | (30,599 | )
Total intersegment sales |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Depreciation and Amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engine Management |  | $ | 15,008 |  |  | $ | 12,256 |  |  | $ | 12,425 |
Temperature Control |  |  | 4,287 |  |  |  | 4,329 |  |  |  | 4,171 |
Other |  |  | 1,162 |  |  |  | 1,052 |  |  |  | 699 |
Total depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 20,457 |  |  | $ | 17,637 |  |  | $ | 17,295 |
Operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engine Management |  | $ | 101,529 |  |  | $ | 88,007 |  |  | $ | 103,861 |
Temperature Control |  |  | 17,563 |  |  |  | 6,382 |  |  |  | 6,445 |
Other |  |  | (21,025 | ) |  |  | (18,529 | ) |  |  | (24,968 | )
Total operating income |  | $ | 98,067 |  |  | $ | 75,860 |  |  | $ | 85,338 |
Investment in equity affiliates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engine Management |  | $ | 6,221 |  |  | $ | 6,430 |  |  | $ | 6,368 |
Temperature Control |  |  | 13,703 |  |  |  | 14,192 |  |  |  | 13,636 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total investment in equity affiliates |  | $ | 19,924 |  |  | $ | 20,622 |  |  | $ | 20,004 |
Capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engine Management |  | $ | 14,202 |  |  | $ | 13,038 |  |  | $ | 10,748 |
Temperature Control |  |  | 3,652 |  |  |  | 3,027 |  |  |  | 2,624 |
Other |  |  | 3,067 |  |  |  | 1,982 |  |  |  | 532 |
Total capital expenditures |  | $ | 20,921 |  |  | $ | 18,047 |  |  | $ | 13,904 |

Total assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engine Management |  | $ | 506,625 |  |  | $ | 413,102 |  |  | $ | 409,275 |
Temperature Control |  |  | 171,136 |  |  |  | 177,201 |  |  |  | 173,070 |
Other |  |  | 90,936 |  |  |  | 90,761 |  |  |  | 91,206 |
Total assets |  | $ | 768,697 |  |  | $ | 681,064 |  |  | $ | 673,551 |

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Other consists of items pertaining to our corporate headquarters function, as well as our Canadian business unit that does not meet the criteria of a reportable operating segment. During 2014, included in operating income (loss) other is a $10.6 million litigation charge in connection with a settlement agreement in a legal proceeding with a third party.
Reconciliation of segment operating income to net earnings:

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Operating income |  | $ | 98,067 |  |  | $ | 75,860 |  |  | $ | 85,338 |
Other non-operating income (expense) |  |  | 2,059 |  |  |  | (220 | ) |  |  | (1,969 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 1,556 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 1,616 |
Earnings from continuing operations before taxes |  |  | 98,570 |  |  |  | 74,103 |  |  |  | 81,753 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 36,158 |  |  |  | 25,983 |  |  |  | 28,854 |
Earnings from continuing operations |  |  | 62,412 |  |  |  | 48,120 |  |  |  | 52,899 |
Discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (1,982 | ) |  |  | (2,102 | ) |  |  | (9,870 | )
Net earnings |  | $ | 60,430 |  |  | $ | 46,018 |  |  | $ | 43,029 |

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Revenues: |  | (In thousands) |
United States |  | $ | 952,019 |  |  | $ | 881,206 |  |  | $ | 884,701 |
Canada |  |  | 53,324 |  |  |  | 48,072 |  |  |  | 51,526 |
Europe |  |  | 14,703 |  |  |  | 16,305 |  |  |  | 18,061 |
Other foreign |  |  | 38,436 |  |  |  | 26,392 |  |  |  | 26,104 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,058,482 |  |  | $ | 971,975 |  |  | $ | 980,392 |

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Long-lived assets: |  | (In thousands) |
United States |  | $ | 204,592 |  |  | $ | 155,438 |  |  | $ | 158,350 |
Canada |  |  | 1,344 |  |  |  | 1,190 |  |  |  | 1,546 |
Europe |  |  | 13,612 |  |  |  | 12,324 |  |  |  | 11,725 |
Other foreign |  |  | 23,801 |  |  |  | 21,634 |  |  |  | 20,957 |
Total long-lived assets |  | $ | 243,349 |  |  | $ | 190,586 |  |  | $ | 192,578 |

Revenues are attributed to countries based upon the location of the customer. Long-lived assets are attributed to countries based upon the location of the assets.
Our five largest individual customers, including members of a marketing group, accounted for approximately 70% of our consolidated net sales in 2016, 68% of our consolidated net sales in 2015 and 69% of our consolidated net sales in 2014. During 2016, O’Reilly Automotive, Inc., NAPA Auto Parts, Advance Auto Parts, Inc., and AutoZone, Inc. accounted for 20%, 18%, 17% and 11% of our consolidated net sales, respectively. Net sales from each of the customers were reported in both our Engine Management and Temperature Control Segments.

18. | Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of our financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, deferred compensation, and short term borrowings approximate their fair value. In each instance, fair value is determined after considering Level 1 inputs under the three-level fair value hierarchy. For fair value purposes, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short maturity of those investments. The fair value of the assets held by the deferred compensation plan are based on the quoted market prices of the underlying funds which are held in registered investment companies. The carrying value of our revolving credit facilities, classified as short term borrowings, equals fair market value because the interest rate reflects current market rates.

19. | Commitments and Contingencies

Total rent expense for the three years ended December 31, 2016 was as follows (in thousands):

|  | Total |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Other |
2016 |  | $ | 10,171 |  |  | $ | 7,550 |  |  | $ | 2,621 |
2015 |  |  | 9,756 |  |  |  | 7,218 |  |  |  | 2,538 |
2014 |  |  | 9,702 |  |  |  | 7,355 |  |  |  | 2,347 |

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
At December 31, 2016, we are obligated to make minimum rental payments through 2024, under operating leases, which are as follows (in thousands):

2017 |  | $ | 8,680 |
2018 |  |  | 7,278 |
2019 |  |  | 5,078 |
2020 |  |  | 3,942 |
2021 |  |  | 3,734 |
Thereafter |  |  | 6,103 |
Total |  | $ | 34,815 |

Warranties
We generally warrant our products against certain manufacturing and other defects. These product warranties are provided for specific periods of time depending on the nature of the product. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we have accrued $24.1 million and $23.4 million, respectively, for estimated product warranty claims included in accrued customer returns. The accrued product warranty costs are based primarily on historical experience of actual warranty claims. Warranty expense for each of the years 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $99.1 million, $94.6 million and $84.5 million, respectively.
The following table provides the changes in our product warranties:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 23,395 |  |  | $ | 19,328 |
Liabilities accrued for current year sales |  |  | 99,092 |  |  |  | 94,593 |
Settlements of warranty claims |  |  | (98,415 | ) |  |  | (90,526 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 24,072 |  |  | $ | 23,395 |

Letters of Credit
At December 31, 2016, we had outstanding letters of credit with certain vendors aggregating approximately $3.7 million. These letters of credit are being maintained as security for reimbursements to insurance companies and as security to the landlord of our administrative offices in Long Island City, New York. The contract amount of the letters of credit is a reasonable estimate of their value as the value for each is fixed over the life of the commitment.
Change of Control Arrangements
We entered into a change in control arrangement with one key officer. In the event of a change of control (as defined in the agreement), the executive will receive severance payments and certain other benefits as provided in their agreement.
Asbestos
In 1986, we acquired a brake business, which we subsequently sold in March 1998 and which is accounted for as a discontinued operation. When we originally acquired this brake business, we assumed future liabilities relating to any alleged exposure to asbestos-containing products manufactured by the seller of the acquired brake business. In accordance with the related purchase agreement, we agreed to assume the liabilities for all new claims filed on or after September 2001. Our ultimate exposure will depend upon the number of claims filed against us on or after September 2001 and the amounts paid for indemnity and defense thereof. At December 31, 2016, approximately 1,565 cases were outstanding for which we may be responsible for any related liabilities. Since inception in September 2001 through December 31, 2016, the amounts paid for settled claims are approximately $20.1 million.
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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
In evaluating our potential asbestos-related liability, we have considered various factors including, among other things, an actuarial study of the asbestos related liabilities performed by an independent actuarial firm, our settlement amounts and whether there are any co-defendants, the jurisdiction in which lawsuits are filed, and the status and results of settlement discussions. As is our accounting policy, we consider the advice of actuarial consultants with experience in assessing asbestos-related liabilities to estimate our potential claim liability. The methodology used to project asbestos-related liabilities and costs in our actuarial study considered: (1) historical data available from publicly available studies; (2) an analysis of our recent claims history to estimate likely filing rates into the future; (3) an analysis of our currently pending claims; and (4) an analysis of our settlements to date in order to develop average settlement values.
The most recent actuarial study was performed as of August 31, 2016. The updated study has estimated an undiscounted liability for settlement payments, excluding legal costs and any potential recovery from insurance carriers, ranging from $31 million to $47.7 million for the period through 2059. The change from the prior year study was a $2.3 million decrease for the low end of the range and a $3.4 million decrease for the high end of the range. The decrease in the estimated undiscounted liability from the prior year study at both the low end and high end of the range reflects our actual experience over the prior twelve months, our historical data and certain assumptions with respect to events that may occur in the future. Based on the information contained in the actuarial study and all other available information considered by us, we have concluded that no amount within the range of settlement payments was more likely than any other and, therefore, in assessing our asbestos liability we compare the low end of the range to our recorded liability to determine if an adjustment is required. Based upon the results of the August 31, 2016 actuarial study, a favorable adjustment to the asbestos liability was not recorded in our consolidated financial statements as the difference between our recorded liability and the liability in the actuarial report at the low end of the range was not material. Future legal costs, which are expensed as incurred and reported in loss from discontinued operations in the accompanying statement of operations, are estimated, according to the updated study, to range from $42.7 million to $78.6 million for the period through 2059.
We plan to perform an annual actuarial evaluation during the third quarter of each year for the foreseeable future. Given the uncertainties associated with projecting such matters into the future and other factors outside our control, we can give no assurance that additional provisions will not be required. We will continue to monitor the circumstances surrounding these potential liabilities in determining whether additional provisions may be necessary. At the present time, however, we do not believe that any additional provisions would be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity or consolidated financial position.
Other Litigation
We are currently involved in various other legal claims and legal proceedings (some of which may involve substantial amounts), including claims related to commercial disputes, product liability, employment, and environmental. Although these legal claims and legal proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties, based on our understanding and evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances, we believe that the ultimate outcome of these matters will not, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We may at any time determine that settling any of these matters is in our best interests, which settlement may include substantial payments. Although we cannot currently predict the specific amount of any liability that may ultimately arise with respect to any of these matters, we will record provisions when the liability is considered probable and reasonably estimable. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. As additional information becomes available, we reassess our potential liability related to these matters. Such revisions of the potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

20. | Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

|  | 2016 Quarter Ended |
|  | Dec. 31 |  |  | Sept. 30 |  |  | June 30 |  |  | Mar. 31 |
|  | (In thousands, except per share amounts) |
Net sales |  | $ | 229,799 |  |  | $ | 300,795 |  |  | $ | 288,977 |  |  | $ | 238,911 |
Gross profit |  |  | 66,771 |  |  |  | 95,644 |  |  |  | 87,076 |  |  |  | 72,996 |
Earnings from continuing operations |  |  | 8,839 |  |  |  | 21,055 |  |  |  | 19,862 |  |  |  | 12,656 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes |  |  | (487 | ) |  |  | (425 | ) |  |  | (618 | ) |  |  | (452 | )
Net earnings |  | $ | 8,352 |  |  | $ | 20,630 |  |  | $ | 19,244 |  |  | $ | 12,204 |

Net earnings from continuing operations per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  |  | $ | 0.87 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.91 |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |
Net earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.91 |  |  | $ | 0.85 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |

|  | 2015 Quarter Ended |
|  | Dec. 31 |  |  | Sept. 30 |  |  | June 30 |  |  | Mar. 31 |
|  | (In thousands, except per share amounts) |
Net sales |  | $ | 204,967 |  |  | $ | 270,037 |  |  | $ | 269,382 |  |  | $ | 227,589 |
Gross profit |  |  | 62,786 |  |  |  | 81,553 |  |  |  | 72,760 |  |  |  | 63,889 |
Earnings from continuing operations |  |  | 5,779 |  |  |  | 19,194 |  |  |  | 13,808 |  |  |  | 9,339 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes |  |  | (553 | ) |  |  | (728 | ) |  |  | (430 | ) |  |  | (391 | )
Net earnings |  | $ | 5,226 |  |  | $ | 18,466 |  |  | $ | 13,378 |  |  | $ | 8,948 |

Net earnings from continuing operations per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |
Net earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |

21. | Subsequent Event

In January 2017, in connection with our ongoing efforts to improve operating efficiencies and reduce costs, we finalized our intention to implement another plant rationalization initiative at our Orlando, Florida facility. As part of the plant rationalization, we plan to relocate production activities from our Orlando, Florida manufacturing facility to Independence, Kansas, and close our Orlando, Florida facility. One-time plan rationalization costs of approximately $3.7 million are expected to be incurred in 2017 and 2018 consisting of restructuring and integration expenses of approximately $3.1 million related to employee severance and relocation of certain machinery and equipment; and capital expenditures of approximately $0.6 million. Substantially all of the one-time plant rationalization costs are anticipated to result in future cash expenditures. We anticipate that the Orlando plant rationalization will be completed within 12 to 24 months.
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ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Report. This evaluation also included consideration of our internal controls and procedures for the preparation of our financial statements as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.
(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as part of this Report we have furnished a report regarding our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. The report is under the caption “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” which report is included herein.
(c) Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
KPMG LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an opinion as to the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. The opinion is under the caption “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm−Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for this attestation report, which is included herein.
(d) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2016 and subsequent to that date, we have not made changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
We continue to review, document and test our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in the 2013 Internal Control–Integrated Framework. We may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business. These efforts may lead to various changes in our internal control over financial reporting.
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ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.
PART III

ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the information in our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2017 Proxy Statement”) set forth under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Management Information,” “Corporate Governance” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”
The Board of Directors of the Company has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all employees, officers and directors of the Company. The Company’s Code of Ethics is available at www.smpcorp.com under “Investor Relations─Governance Documents.” The Company intends to satisfy any disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of the Company’s Code of Ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, by disclosing such information on the Company’s website, at the address specified above.

ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the information in our 2017 Proxy Statement set forth under captions “Corporate Governance,” “Compensation Discussion & Analysis,” “Executive Compensation and Related Information” and “Report of the Compensation and Management Development Committee.”

ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the information in our 2017 Proxy Statement set forth under the captions “Executive Compensation and Related Information” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the information in our 2017 Proxy Statement set forth under the captions “Corporate Governance” and “Executive Compensation and Related Information.”

ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the information in our 2017 Proxy Statement set forth under the captions “Audit and Non-Audit Fees.”
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PART IV

ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) | (1) | The Index to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Registrant under Item 8 of this Report is incorporated herein by reference as the list of Financial Statements required as part of this Report.
| (2) | The following financial schedule and related report for the years 2016, 2015 and 2014 is submitted herewith:
|  | Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
|  | All other schedules are omitted because they are not required, not applicable or the information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.
| (3) | Exhibits.
|  | The exhibit list in the Exhibit Index is incorporated by reference as the list of exhibits required as part of this Report.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC.
| (Registrant)
| /s/ Eric P. Sills
| Eric P. Sills
| Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
| /s/ James J. Burke
| James J. Burke
| Executive Vice President Finance,
| Chief Financial Officer

New York, New York
February 21, 2017
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Eric P. Sills and James J. Burke, jointly and severally, as his attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

February 21, 2017 | /s/ Eric P. Sills
|  | Eric P. Sills
|  | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
|  | (Principal Executive Officer)
February 21, 2017 | /s/ James J. Burke
|  | James J. Burke
|  | Executive Vice President Finance and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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February 21, 2017 | /s/ Lawrence I. Sills
| Lawrence I. Sills, Director
February 21, 2017 | /s/ John P. Gethin
| John P. Gethin, Director
February 21, 2017 | /s/ Pamela Forbes Lieberman
| Pamela Forbes Lieberman, Director
February 21, 2017 | /s/ Joseph W. McDonnell
| Joseph W. McDonnell, Director
February 21, 2017 | /s/ Alisa C. Norris
| Alisa C. Norris, Director
February 21, 2017 | /s/ Frederick D. Sturdivant
| Frederick D. Sturdivant, Director
February 21, 2017 | /s/ William H. Turner
| William H. Turner, Director
February 21, 2017 | /s/ Richard S. Ward
| Richard S. Ward, Director
February 21, 2017 | /s/ Roger M. Widmann
| Roger M. Widmann, Director

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |
3.1 | Restated By-Laws, dated May 23, 1996, filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996.
3.2 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated July 31, 1990, filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 1990.
3.3 | Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation, dated February 15, 1996, filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1996.
10.1 | Amended and Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan and Trust of Standard Motor Products, Inc., dated January 1, 2015.
10.2 | 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan of Standard Motor Products, Inc., as amended (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-174330), filed on May 19, 2011).
10.3 | Supplemental Compensation Plan effective October 1, 2001 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001).
10.4 | Severance Compensation Agreement, dated December 12, 2001, between Standard Motor Products, Inc. and James Burke (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001).
10.5 | Amendment to the Standard Motor Products, Inc. Supplemental Compensation Plan, effective December 1, 2006 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).
10.6 | Retention Bonus and Insurance Agreement dated December 26, 2006, between Standard Motor Products, Inc. and James Burke (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).
10.7 | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated December 21, 2007, between Standard Motors Products, Inc. and EXII Northern Boulevard Acquisition LLC (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
10.8 | Lease Agreement, dated March 12, 2008, between Standard Motors Products, Inc. and 37-18 Northern Boulevard LLC (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
10.9 | Amendment to Severance Compensation Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, between Standard Motor Products, Inc. and James Burke (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009).
10.10 | Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, dated as of December 31, 2010 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010).

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |
10.11 | Amendment to Severance Compensation Agreement, dated as of March 8, 2011, between Standard Motor Products, Inc. and James Burke (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010).
10.12 | Credit Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2015, among Standard Motor Products, Inc., as borrower and the other loan parties thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent and lender, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sole bookrunner and joint lead arranger, Bank of America, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as co-syndication agents and joint lead arrangers, and the other lenders thereto (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed October 30, 2015).
10.13 | Standard Motor Products, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan and forms of related award agreements (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-211461) filed on May 19, 2016).
10.14 | Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 23, 2016, among General Cable Industries, Inc., Prestolite de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., GK Technologies, Inc., General Cable de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., General Cable Technologies Corporation, Servicios Latinoamericanos GC S.A. de C.V., Standard Motor Products, Inc., Standard Motor Products de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. and Motortronics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed August 4, 2016).
21 | List of Subsidiaries of Standard Motor Products, Inc.
23 | Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
24 | Power of Attorney (see signature page to Annual Report on Form 10-K).
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
EXHIBIT INDEX

101.INS** | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

** In accordance with Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 to the Original Filing shall be deemed to be “furnished” and not “filed.”
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STANDARD MOTOR PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Schedule II ‑ Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

|  |  |  |  | Additions |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Description |  | Balance at beginning of year |  |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  |  | Other |  |  | Deductions |  |  | Balance at end of year |
Year ended December 31, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 3,201,000 |  |  | $ | 949,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 797,000 |  |  | $ | 3,353,000 |
Allowance for discounts |  |  | 1,045,000 |  |  |  | 10,039,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,012,000 |  |  |  | 1,072,000 |
|  | $ | 4,246,000 |  |  | $ | 10,988,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,809,000 |  |  | $ | 4,425,000 |
Allowance for sales returns |  | $ | 38,812,000 |  |  | $ | 138,407,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 137,043,000 |  |  | $ | 40,176,000 |
Year ended December 31, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 4,894,000 |  |  | $ | 3,371,000 | (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,064,000 |  |  | $ | 3,201,000 |
Allowance for discounts |  |  | 1,475,000 |  |  |  | 9,872,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,302,000 |  |  |  | 1,045,000 |
|  | $ | 6,369,000 |  |  | $ | 13,243,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,366,000 |  |  | $ | 4,246,000 |
Allowance for sales returns |  | $ | 30,621,000 |  |  | $ | 133,355,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 125,164,000 |  |  | $ | 38,812,000 |
Year ended December 31, 2014: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 5,528,000 |  |  | $ | (497,000 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 137,000 |  |  | $ | 4,894,000 |
Allowance for discounts |  |  | 1,441,000 |  |  |  | 13,568,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,534,000 |  |  |  | 1,475,000 |
|  | $ | 6,969,000 |  |  | $ | 13,071,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,671,000 |  |  | $ | 6,369,000 |
Allowance for sales returns |  | $ | 31,464,000 |  |  | $ | 126,608,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 127,451,000 |  |  | $ | 30,621,000 |

| (1) | Includes a net $3,514,000 charge relating to one of our customers that filed a petition for bankruptcy in January 2016.

94