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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended October 29, 2022
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 1-11893
GUESS?, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 95-3679695
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Strada Regina 44
Bioggio, Switzerland CH-6934
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

+41 91 809 5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | GES |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. | o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
As of November 28, 2022, the registrant had 54,447,857 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents
GUESS?, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income — Three and Nine Months Ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three and Nine Months Ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Nine Months Ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity — Three and Nine Months Ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021 | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 36
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 61
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 64
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 65
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 65
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 67
Item 6. | Exhibits | 68

i

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements.
GUESS?, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)

| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Jan 29, 2022
| (unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 174,065 |  |  | $ | 415,565 |
Accounts receivable, net | 319,342 |  |  | 328,856 |
Inventories | 574,574 |  |  | 462,295 |
Other current assets | 82,553 |  |  | 77,378 |
Total current assets | 1,150,534 |  |  | 1,284,094 |
Property and equipment, net | 231,024 |  |  | 228,765 |
Goodwill | 32,386 |  |  | 34,885 |
Deferred income tax assets | 151,412 |  |  | 165,120 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 614,705 |  |  | 685,799 |
Other assets | 136,563 |  |  | 156,965 |
| $ | 2,316,624 |  |  | $ | 2,555,628 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of borrowings and finance lease obligations | $ | 39,626 |  |  | $ | 43,379 |
Accounts payable | 322,967 |  |  | 325,797 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 210,982 |  |  | 253,182 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 159,152 |  |  | 195,516 |
Total current liabilities | 732,727 |  |  | 817,874 |
Convertible senior notes, net | 298,731 |  |  | 270,595 |
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations | 153,717 |  |  | 60,970 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 519,594 |  |  | 582,757 |
Other long-term liabilities | 150,733 |  |  | 160,289 |
Total liabilities | 1,855,502 |  |  | 1,892,485 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 8,434 |  |  | 9,500 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 10,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 150,000,000 shares; issued 142,771,598 and 142,771,946 shares; outstanding 54,443,172 and 62,697,032 shares as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively | 544 |  |  | 627 |
Paid-in capital | 531,663 |  |  | 565,024 |
Retained earnings | 1,194,038 |  |  | 1,158,664 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (163,640) |  |  | (135,549) |
Treasury stock, 88,328,426 and 80,074,914 shares as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively | (1,143,777) |  |  | (966,108) |
Guess?, Inc. stockholders’ equity | 418,828 |  |  | 622,658 |
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests | 33,860 |  |  | 30,985 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 452,688 |  |  | 653,643 |
| $ | 2,316,624 |  |  | $ | 2,555,628 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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GUESS?, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Product sales | $ | 605,656 |  |  | $ | 616,489 |  |  | $ | 1,790,651 |  |  | $ | 1,721,657 |
Net royalties | 27,747 |  |  | 26,581 |  |  | 78,915 |  |  | 70,039 |
Net revenue | 633,403 |  |  | 643,070 |  |  | 1,869,566 |  |  | 1,791,696 |
Cost of product sales | 364,032 |  |  | 349,466 |  |  | 1,082,545 |  |  | 992,448 |
Gross profit | 269,371 |  |  | 293,604 |  |  | 787,021 |  |  | 799,248 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 212,927 |  |  | 223,775 |  |  | 638,801 |  |  | 616,076 |
Asset impairment charges | 1,789 |  |  | 1,152 |  |  | 5,252 |  |  | 3,094 |
Net (gains) losses on lease modifications | (146) |  |  | 3,006 |  |  | (1,654) |  |  | 441 |
Earnings from operations | 54,801 |  |  | 65,671 |  |  | 144,622 |  |  | 179,637 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (3,453) |  |  | (5,550) |  |  | (9,741) |  |  | (17,485) |
Interest income | 636 |  |  | 487 |  |  | 1,629 |  |  | 1,322 |
Other, net | (15,211) |  |  | (7,800) |  |  | (40,716) |  |  | (11,502) |
Total other expense | (18,028) |  |  | (12,863) |  |  | (48,828) |  |  | (27,665) |
Earnings before income tax expense | 36,773 |  |  | 52,808 |  |  | 95,794 |  |  | 151,972 |
Income tax expense | 11,616 |  |  | 20,441 |  |  | 32,743 |  |  | 43,588 |
Net earnings | 25,157 |  |  | 32,367 |  |  | 63,051 |  |  | 108,384 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests | 3,322 |  |  | 2,487 |  |  | 9,284 |  |  | 5,436 |
Net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. | $ | 21,835 |  |  | $ | 29,880 |  |  | $ | 53,767 |  |  | $ | 102,948 |
Net earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  |  | $ | 1.58 |
Diluted | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 1.55 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding attributable to common stockholders:
Basic | 53,894 |  |  | 64,373 |  |  | 57,300 |  |  | 64,248 |
Diluted | 67,102 |  |  | 65,852 |  |  | 70,705 |  |  | 65,893 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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GUESS?, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Net earnings | $ | 25,157 |  |  | $ | 32,367 |  |  | $ | 63,051 |  |  | $ | 108,384 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Losses arising during the period | (9,281) |  |  | (7,907) |  |  | (38,082) |  |  | (15,374) |
Derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains arising during the period | 6,998 |  |  | 3,072 |  |  | 17,683 |  |  | 6,486 |
Less income tax effect | (862) |  |  | (371) |  |  | (2,105) |  |  | (761) |
Reclassification to net earnings for (gains) losses realized | (4,171) |  |  | 1,342 |  |  | (6,947) |  |  | 2,764 |
Less income tax effect | 462 |  |  | (157) |  |  | 756 |  |  | (329) |
Defined benefit plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency and other adjustments | 165 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 139 |
Less income tax effect | (15) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (22) |  |  | (14) |
Net actuarial loss amortization | 13 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 317 |
Prior service credit amortization | (22) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (67) |  |  | (50) |
Less income tax effect | 1 |  |  | (13) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (36) |
Total comprehensive income | 18,445 |  |  | 28,471 |  |  | 34,564 |  |  | 101,526 |
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | 3,322 |  |  | 2,487 |  |  | 9,284 |  |  | 5,436 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 404 |  |  | (624) |  |  | (396) |  |  | (333) |
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests | 3,726 |  |  | 1,863 |  |  | 8,888 |  |  | 5,103 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Guess?, Inc. | $ | 14,719 |  |  | $ | 26,608 |  |  | $ | 25,676 |  |  | $ | 96,423 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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GUESS?, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 63,051 |  |  | $ | 108,384 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 45,490 |  |  | 41,613 |
Amortization of debt discount | — |  |  | 8,343 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 1,303 |  |  | 1,035 |
Share-based compensation expense | 16,547 |  |  | 15,068 |
Forward contract (gains) losses | 2,301 |  |  | (766) |
Deferred income taxes | 5,752 |  |  | (119,853) |
Net loss from impairment and disposition of long-term assets | 6,023 |  |  | 4,972 |
Other items, net | 24,955 |  |  | 14,797 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (22,156) |  |  | (22,301) |
Inventories | (155,391) |  |  | (96,673) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 7,663 |  |  | (23,045) |
Operating lease assets and liabilities, net | (23,313) |  |  | (17,422) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 5,806 |  |  | 72,360 |
Other long-term liabilities | 551 |  |  | 18,069 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (21,418) |  |  | 4,581 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (71,729) |  |  | (40,598) |
Proceeds from sale of business and long-term assets | 192 |  |  | 3,625 |
Net cash settlement of forward contract | — |  |  | (740) |
Purchases of investments | (283) |  |  | (2,045) |
Other investing activities | (149) |  |  | (617) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (71,969) |  |  | (40,375) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | 196,013 |  |  | 19,310 |
Repayments on borrowings and finance lease obligations | (97,657) |  |  | (25,077) |
Debt issuance costs | (1,450) |  |  | — |
Dividends paid | (39,344) |  |  | (22,121) |
Noncontrolling interest capital distribution | (4,817) |  |  | (3,452) |
Issuance of common stock, net of income tax withholdings on vesting of stock awards | 2,223 |  |  | 2,846 |
Purchase of treasury stock | (186,747) |  |  | — |
Net cash used in financing activities | (131,779) |  |  | (28,494) |
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (16,334) |  |  | (13,768) |
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (241,500) |  |  | (78,056) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the year | 415,565 |  |  | 469,345 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period | $ | 174,065 |  |  | $ | 391,289 |
Supplemental cash flow data: |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 9,308 |  |  | $ | 9,009 |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds | $ | 18,077 |  |  | $ | 107,687 |
Non-cash investing and financing activity: |  |  |
Change in accrual of property and equipment | $ | (3,636) |  |  | $ | 3,514 |
Assets acquired under finance lease obligations | $ | 3,772 |  |  | $ | 2,854 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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GUESS?, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)

| For the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022
| Guess?, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total
Balance at January 29, 2022 | 62,697,032 |  |  | $ | 627 |  |  | $ | 565,024 |  |  | $ | 1,158,664 |  |  | $ | (135,549) |  |  | 80,074,914 |  |  | $ | (966,108) |  |  | $ | 30,985 |  |  | $ | 653,643 |
Cumulative adjustment from adoption of new accounting guidance | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43,078) |  |  | 21,355 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,723) |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,970 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,484 |  |  | 10,454 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax of ($889) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,164) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (476) |  |  | (11,640) |
Issuance of common stock under stock compensation plans | 411,785 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (3,608) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (411,785) |  |  | 5,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,470 |
Issuance of stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 10,976 |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,976) |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | 206 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,003 |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,052 |
Dividends, net of forfeitures on non-participating securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,659) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,659) |
Share repurchases | (3,789,576) |  |  | (38) |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,789,576 |  |  | (81,747) |  |  | — |  |  | (81,747) |
Noncontrolling interest capital distribution | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,817) |  |  | (4,817) |
Equity forward contract issuance | — |  |  | — |  |  | (105,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (105,000) |
Balance at April 30, 2022 | 59,330,217 |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | 417,448 |  |  | $ | 1,174,379 |  |  | $ | (146,713) |  |  | 83,441,729 |  |  | $ | (1,042,644) |  |  | $ | 28,176 |  |  | $ | 431,239 |
Cumulative adjustment from adoption of new accounting guidance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 433 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 433 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,962 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,478 |  |  | 27,440 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax of ($69) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,811) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (324) |  |  | (10,135) |
Issuance of common stock under stock compensation plans | 290,393 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (3,392) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (290,393) |  |  | 3,628 |  |  | — |  |  | 239 |
Issuance of stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 13,381 |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,381) |  |  | 167 |  |  | — |  |  | 211 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,624 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,627 |
Dividends, net of forfeitures on non-participating securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,881) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,881) |
Share repurchases | (5,196,027) |  |  | (52) |  |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,196,027 |  |  | (105,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (105,000) |
Equity forward contract settlement | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105,000 |
Balance at July 30, 2022 | 54,437,964 |  |  | $ | 544 |  |  | $ | 525,776 |  |  | $ | 1,184,896 |  |  | $ | (156,524) |  |  | 88,333,982 |  |  | $ | (1,143,849) |  |  | $ | 31,330 |  |  | $ | 442,173 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,835 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,322 |  |  | 25,157 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax of ($414) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,116) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 404 |  |  | (6,712) |
Issuance of common stock under stock compensation plans | (5,886) |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,538 |  |  | (71) |  |  | — |  |  | (44) |
Issuance of stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 11,094 |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,094) |  |  | 143 |  |  | — |  |  | 141 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,862 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,868 |
Dividends, net of forfeitures on non-participating securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,699) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,699) |
Noncontrolling interest capital distribution | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,196) |  |  | (1,196) |
Balance at October 29, 2022 | 54,443,172 |  |  | $ | 544 |  |  | $ | 531,663 |  |  | $ | 1,194,038 |  |  | $ | (163,640) |  |  | 88,328,426 |  |  | $ | (1,143,777) |  |  | $ | 33,860 |  |  | $ | 452,688 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
GUESS?, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)

| For the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021
| Guess?, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total
Balance at January 30, 2021 | 64,230,162 |  |  | $ | 642 |  |  | $ | 553,111 |  |  | $ | 1,034,823 |  |  | $ | (120,675) |  |  | 78,563,517 |  |  | $ | (924,238) |  |  | $ | 21,917 |  |  | $ | 565,580 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,006 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 864 |  |  | 12,870 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax of ($190) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (227) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 217 |  |  | (10) |
Issuance of common stock under stock compensation plans | 689,653 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (6,417) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (690,492) |  |  | 8,123 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,713 |
Issuance of stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 12,798 |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,798) |  |  | 151 |  |  | — |  |  | 232 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,056 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,060 |
Dividends, net of forfeitures on non-participating securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,252) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,252) |
Balance at May 1, 2021 | 64,932,613 |  |  | $ | 649 |  |  | $ | 550,831 |  |  | $ | 1,039,581 |  |  | $ | (120,902) |  |  | 77,860,227 |  |  | $ | (915,964) |  |  | $ | 22,998 |  |  | $ | 577,193 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,062 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,085 |  |  | 63,147 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax of ($403) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,026) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | (2,952) |
Issuance of common stock under stock compensation plans | 24,233 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27,409) |  |  | 323 |  |  | — |  |  | 384 |
Issuance of stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 11,129 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,129) |  |  | 130 |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,795 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,802 |
Dividends, net of forfeitures on non-participating securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,308) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,308) |
Noncontrolling interest capital distribution | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,452) |  |  | (3,452) |
Balance at July 31, 2021 | 64,967,975 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | 555,765 |  |  | $ | 1,093,342 |  |  | $ | (123,928) |  |  | 77,821,689 |  |  | $ | (915,511) |  |  | $ | 21,705 |  |  | $ | 632,023 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,880 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,487 |  |  | 32,367 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax of ($547) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,272) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (624) |  |  | (3,896) |
Issuance of common stock under stock compensation plans | (1,137) |  |  | — |  |  | 160 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 160 |
Issuance of stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 7,809 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,809) |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,196 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,206 |
Dividends, net of forfeitures on non-participating securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,649) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,649) |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest redemption value adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,454) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,800 |  |  | (5,654) |
Balance at October 30, 2021 | 64,974,647 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | 562,177 |  |  | $ | 1,105,129 |  |  | $ | (127,200) |  |  | 77,813,855 |  |  | $ | (915,419) |  |  | $ | 28,368 |  |  | $ | 653,705 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
GUESS?, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
October 29, 2022
(unaudited)
(1)Basis of Presentation
Description of the Business
Guess?, Inc. (the “Company” or “GUESS?”) designs, markets, distributes and licenses a leading lifestyle collection of contemporary apparel and accessories for men, women and children that reflect the American lifestyle and European fashion sensibilities. The Company’s designs are sold in GUESS? owned stores, to a network of wholesale accounts that includes better department stores, selected specialty retailers and upscale boutiques and through the Internet. GUESS? branded products, some of which are produced under license, are also sold internationally through a series of retail store licensees and wholesale distributors.
Interim Financial Statements
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, and the condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they have been condensed and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year.
These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 29, 2022.
Fiscal Periods
The three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 had the same number of days as the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021. All references herein to “fiscal 2022” and “fiscal 2021” represent the results of the 52-week fiscal year ended January 29, 2022 and January 30, 2021, respectively. All references herein to “fiscal 2023” represent the 52-week fiscal year ending January 28, 2023.
Business Update, Market Trends and Uncertainties
Macroeconomic conditions, including rising inflation, higher interest rates, foreign exchange rate fluctuations, declines in consumer spending and the impact of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic continue to negatively impact the Company’s business. Additionally, the Company has experienced negative impacts to its global supply chains as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors, contributing to industry-wide higher product and freight costs. The Company has been working actively to mitigate these headwinds to the extent possible through a number of global supply chain initiatives. Furthermore, certain of the Company’s stores, primarily in Asia, were impacted by government mandated capacity restrictions and other measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, resulting in the closure of a limited number of its directly operated stores as of October 29, 2022. The impact of these closures was minimal to the Company’s three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 results.
The Company continues to carefully monitor and respond to developments in market conditions, including by strategically managing expenses in order to protect profitability and to mitigate, to the extent possible, the effect of the supply chain disruptions. The duration and scope of these conditions cannot be
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predicted, and therefore, any anticipated negative financial impact to the Company’s operating results cannot be reasonably estimated.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting policies of the Company are set forth in further detail in Note 1 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s fiscal 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company includes herein certain updates to those policies.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and disclosed in the accompanying notes. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to the allowances for doubtful accounts, sales return and markdown allowances, gift card and loyalty accruals, valuation of inventories, share-based compensation, income taxes, recoverability of deferred income taxes, unrecognized income tax benefits, the useful life of assets for depreciation and amortization, evaluation of asset impairment (including goodwill and long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets), pension obligations, workers’ compensation and medical self-insurance expense and accruals, litigation reserves and restructuring expense and accruals. These estimates and assumptions may change as a result of the impact of global economic conditions, such as the uncertainty regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, and global inflationary pressures, volatility in foreign exchange rates and declining consumer spending. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Revisions in estimates could materially impact the results of operations and financial position.
The COVID-19 pandemic and other global economic conditions have negatively impacted the Company’s business. The Company’s operations could continue to be impacted in ways the Company is not able to predict today due to the evolving situation. While the Company believes it has made reasonable accounting estimates based on the facts and circumstances available as of the reporting date, to the extent there are differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s results of operations and financial position could be materially impacted.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes the majority of its revenue from its direct-to-consumer (brick-and-mortar retail stores and concessions as well as e-commerce) and wholesale distribution channels at a point in time when it satisfies a performance obligation and transfers control of the product to the respective customer.
The Company also recognizes royalty revenue from its trademark license agreements. The Company’s trademark license agreements represent symbolic licenses that are dependent on the Company’s continued support over the term of the license agreement. The amount of revenue that is recognized from the licensing arrangements is based on sales-based royalty and advertising fund contributions as well as specific fixed payments, where applicable. The Company’s trademark license agreements customarily provide for a multi-year initial term ranging from three to ten years and may contain options to renew prior to expiration for an additional multi-year period. The unrecognized portion of upfront payments is included in deferred royalties in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities depending on the short or long-term nature of the payments to be recognized. As of October 29, 2022, the Company had $4.9 million and $11.3 million of deferred royalties related to these upfront payments included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively. This compares to $5.1 million and $14.3 million of deferred royalties related to these upfront payments included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, at January 29, 2022. During the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, the Company recognized $3.3 million and $10.0 million in net royalties related to the amortization of deferred royalties, respectively. During the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, the Company recognized $3.5 million and $10.6 million in net royalties related to the amortization of deferred royalties, respectively.
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Refer to Note 8 for further information on disaggregation of revenue by segment and country.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
In the normal course of business, the Company grants credit directly to certain wholesale customers after a credit analysis is performed based on financial and other criteria. Accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses that may result from the inability of its wholesale customers and licensing partners to make their required payments. The Company bases its allowances on analysis of the aging of accounts receivable at the date of the financial statements, assessments of historical and current collection trends, evaluation of the impact of current and future forecasted economic conditions and whether the Company has obtained credit insurance or other guarantees. Management performs regular evaluations concerning the ability of its customers and records a provision for doubtful accounts based on these evaluations.
As of October 29, 2022, approximately 47% of the Company’s total net trade accounts receivable and 61% of its European net trade receivables were subject to credit insurance coverage, certain bank guarantees or letters of credit for collection purposes. The Company’s credit insurance coverage contains certain terms and conditions specifying deductibles and annual claim limits. Management evaluates the creditworthiness of the counterparties to the credit insurance, bank guarantees, and letters of credit and records a provision for the risk of loss on these instruments based on these evaluations as considered necessary.
The Company’s credit losses for the periods presented were not significant compared to sales and did not significantly exceed management’s estimates. Refer to Note 5 for further information on the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts.
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity
The Company adopted guidance to simplify the accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity and the diluted earnings per share computations for these instruments on January 30, 2022, using the modified retrospective transition method. The cumulative effect of the accounting change increased the carrying amount of the 2.00% convertible senior notes due 2024 (the “Notes”) by $27.5 million, reduced deferred income tax liabilities by $6.2 million, reduced additional paid-in capital by $43.1 million and increased retained earnings by $21.8 million, with no restatement of prior periods. Refer to Note 3 for the impact on the earnings per share calculation and Note 10 for the impact on the Notes.
Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued authoritative guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified in equity after modification or exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). The Company adopted this guidance on January 30, 2022 which had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
Reference Rate Reform
The FASB issued guidance to provide temporary optional expedients to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. This guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to certain criteria, referencing LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The FASB issued
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subsequent amendments to further clarify the scope of optional expedients and exceptions to derivatives affected by the transition. The guidance is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period.
The Company identified and will modify, if necessary, its loans and other financial instruments with attributes directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Company determined, of its current LIBOR references as outlined in Note 9 Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations, Note 15 Fair Value Measurements, and Note 16 Derivative Financial Instruments, only the obligations under Mortgage Debt, credit facilities, and Interest Rate Swap Agreements are impacted by this guidance. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
(2) Lease Accounting
The Company primarily leases its showrooms, advertising, licensing, sales and merchandising offices, remote distribution and warehousing facilities and retail and factory outlet store locations under operating lease agreements expiring on various dates through January 2039. The Company also leases some of its equipment, as well as computer hardware and software, under operating and finance lease agreements expiring on various dates through September 2027.
The Company’s lease agreements primarily provide for lease payments based on a minimum annual rental amount, a percentage of annual sales volume, periodic adjustments related to inflation or a combination of such lease payments. Certain retail store leases provide for lease payments based upon the minimum annual rental amount and a percentage of annual sales volume, generally ranging from 3% to 28%, when specific sales volumes are exceeded. The Company’s retail concession leases also provide for lease payments primarily based upon a percentage of annual sales volume, which averages approximately 32%.
In addition to the amounts as disclosed below, the Company has estimated additional operating lease commitments of approximately $15.6 million for leases where the Company has not yet taken possession of the underlying asset as of October 29, 2022. As such, the related operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities have not been recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 29, 2022.
The components of leases are (in thousands):

|  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Jan 29, 2022 |  |
Assets | Balance Sheet Location |  |  |  |  |
Operating | Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 614,705 |  |  | $ | 685,799 |  |  |
Finance | Property and equipment, net | 19,264 |  |  | 21,898 |  |  |
Total lease assets | $ | 633,969 |  |  | $ | 707,697 |  |  |
Liabilities | Balance Sheet Location |  |  |  |  |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating | Current portion of operating lease liabilities | $ | 159,152 |  |  | $ | 195,516 |  |  |
Finance | Current portion of borrowings and finance lease obligations | 5,888 |  |  | 5,806 |  |  |
Noncurrent: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating | Long-term operating lease liabilities | 519,594 |  |  | 582,757 |  |  |
Finance | Long-term debt and finance lease obligations | 14,559 |  |  | 17,137 |  |  |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 699,193 |  |  | $ | 801,216 |  |  |

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The components of lease costs are (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Income Statement Location | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Operating lease costs | Cost of product sales | $ | 43,361 |  |  | $ | 44,729 |  |  | $ | 131,450 |  |  | $ | 137,189 |
Operating lease costs | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 6,000 |  |  | 6,300 |  |  | 18,582 |  |  | 18,846 |
Operating lease costs 1 | Net (gains) losses on lease modifications | (146) |  |  | 3,006 |  |  | (1,654) |  |  | 441 |
Finance lease costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of leased assets | Cost of product sales | 21 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 33 |
Amortization of leased assets | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,510 |  |  | 1,233 |  |  | 4,585 |  |  | 4,000 |
Interest on lease liabilities | Interest expense | 209 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 747 |  |  | 1,103 |
Variable lease costs 2 | Cost of product sales | 21,682 |  |  | 19,321 |  |  | 64,462 |  |  | 51,700 |
Variable lease costs 2 | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 669 |  |  | 552 |  |  | 2,438 |  |  | 1,571 |
Short-term lease costs | Cost of product sales | 87 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 330 |
Short-term lease costs | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,722 |  |  | 1,341 |  |  | 4,600 |  |  | 3,635 |
Total lease costs | $ | 75,115 |  |  | $ | 77,060 |  |  | $ | 225,543 |  |  | $ | 218,848 |

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Notes:
1 During the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, net (gains) losses on lease modifications related primarily to the early termination of lease agreements for certain of the Company’s retail locations. Operating lease costs for these retail locations prior to the early termination were included in cost of product sales.
2 During the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, variable lease costs included certain rent concessions of approximately $1.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively, received by the Company, primarily in Europe, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, variable lease costs included certain rent concessions of approximately $2.6 million and $14.5 million, respectively, received by the Company, primarily in Europe, related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Maturities of the Company’s operating and finance lease liabilities as of October 29, 2022 are (in thousands):

| Operating Leases |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturity of Lease Liabilities | Non-Related Parties |  | Related Parties |  | Finance Leases |  | Total |  |
Fiscal 2023 | $ | 53,046 |  |  | $ | 1,842 |  |  | $ | 2,142 |  |  | $ | 57,030 |  |  |
Fiscal 2024 | 167,666 |  |  | 7,766 |  |  | 6,950 |  |  | 182,382 |  |  |
Fiscal 2025 | 123,561 |  |  | 7,158 |  |  | 5,180 |  |  | 135,899 |  |  |
Fiscal 2026 | 92,423 |  |  | 6,766 |  |  | 4,788 |  |  | 103,977 |  |  |
Fiscal 2027 | 74,777 |  |  | 7,467 |  |  | 2,401 |  |  | 84,645 |  |  |
After fiscal 2027 | 190,441 |  |  | 28,294 |  |  | 725 |  |  | 219,460 |  |  |
Total lease payments | 701,914 |  |  | 59,293 |  |  | 22,186 |  |  | 783,393 |  |  |
Less: Interest | 70,574 |  |  | 11,887 |  |  | 1,739 |  |  | 84,200 |  |  |
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 631,340 |  |  | $ | 47,406 |  |  | $ | 20,447 |  |  | $ | 699,193 |  |  |

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Other supplemental information is (in thousands):

Lease Term and Discount Rate | Oct 29, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average remaining lease term |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 6.1 years |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases | 3.8 years |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 3.9% |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases | 4.7% |  |  |  |  |  |

| Nine Months Ended
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 166,910 |  |  | $ | 167,444 |
New operating ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | $ | 106,427 |  |  | $ | 99,603 |

Impairment
During the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, there were immaterial ROU asset impairment charges recorded primarily related to Europe. During the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, there were $0.7 million ROU asset impairment charges recorded primarily related to Europe. The asset impairment charges were determined based on the excess of carrying value over the fair value of the ROU assets. The Company uses estimates of market participant rents to calculate fair value of the ROU assets. Refer to Note 15 for more information on the Company’s impairment testing.
(3)Earnings per Share
On January 30, 2022, the Company adopted the authoritative guidance which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity using the modified retrospective method. Following adoption, diluted earnings per share related to the Notes is calculated using the if-converted method. The number of dilutive shares is based on the conversion rate associated with the Notes.
Prior to adoption, the Company applied the treasury stock method when calculating the potential dilutive effect of the Notes, if any. As the Company expects to settle the principal amount of its outstanding Notes in cash and any excess in shares, only the amounts in excess of the principal amount were considered in diluted earnings per share, if applicable. Refer to Note 1 and Note 10 for more information regarding the Notes.
In addition, the Company granted certain nonvested stock units, subject to certain performance-based or market-based vesting conditions, as well as continued service requirements through the respective vesting periods. These nonvested stock units are included in the computation of diluted net earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders only to the extent the underlying performance-based or market-based vesting conditions are satisfied as of the end of the reporting period, or would be considered satisfied if the end of the reporting period was the end of the related contingency period, and the results would be dilutive under the treasury stock method.
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The computation of basic and diluted net earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders is (in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. | $ | 21,835 |  |  | $ | 29,880 |  |  | $ | 53,767 |  |  | $ | 102,948 |
Less net earnings attributable to nonvested restricted stockholders | 260 |  |  | 336 |  |  | 511 |  |  | 1,116 |
Net earnings attributable to common stockholders | 21,575 |  |  | 29,544 |  |  | 53,256 |  |  | 101,832 |
Add interest expense related to the Notes | 1,026 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,960 |  |  | — |
Net earnings attributable to common stockholders used in diluted computations | $ | 22,601 |  |  | $ | 29,544 |  |  | $ | 56,216 |  |  | $ | 101,832 |
Weighted average common shares used in basic computations | 53,894 |  |  | 64,373 |  |  | 57,300 |  |  | 64,248 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units | 1,309 |  |  | 1,479 |  |  | 1,506 |  |  | 1,645 |
The Notes | 11,899 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,899 |  |  | — |
Weighted average common shares used in diluted computations | 67,102 |  |  | 65,852 |  |  | 70,705 |  |  | 65,893 |
Net earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  |  | $ | 1.58 |
Diluted | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 1.55 |

During the three months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, equity awards granted for 1,319,998 and 1,341,973 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock and for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, equity awards granted for 1,261,633 and 475,584 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock were outstanding but were excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding because the assumed proceeds, as calculated under the treasury stock method, resulted in these awards being antidilutive. For the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, the Company excluded 594,985 nonvested stock units which were subject to the achievement of performance-based or market-based vesting conditions from the computation of diluted weighted average common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding because these conditions were not achieved as of October 29, 2022. For the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, there were 465,590 nonvested stock units subject to the achievement of market-based vesting conditions that were excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding as the respective conditions were not achieved as of October 30, 2021.
Warrants to purchase approximately 11.6 million shares of the Company’s common shares at an initial strike price of $46.88 per share were outstanding as of October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021. These warrants were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share since the warrants’ adjusted strike price was greater than the average market price of the Company’s common stock during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021.
(4)Stockholders' Equity
Share Repurchase Program
During fiscal 2022, the Board of Directors terminated its previous 2012 $500 million share repurchase program (the “2012 Share Repurchase Program”) and authorized a new $200 million share repurchase program (the “2021 Share Repurchase Program”). On March 14, 2022, the Board of Directors expanded its repurchase authorization under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program by $100 million. Repurchases may be made on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans or other available
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means. There is no minimum or maximum number of shares to be repurchased under the program and the program may be discontinued at any time, without prior notice.
On March 18, 2022, pursuant to existing share repurchase authorizations, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the “2022 ASR Contract”) with a financial institution (the “2022 ASR Counterparty”) to repurchase an aggregate of $175.0 million of the Company’s common stock. Under the 2022 ASR Contract, the Company made a payment of $175.0 million to the 2022 ASR Counterparty and received an initial delivery of approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock on March 21, 2022. The Company received a final settlement of an additional 5.2 million shares under the 2022 ASR Contract on June 24, 2022.
During the three months ended October 29, 2022, there were no share repurchases. During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, the Company repurchased 8,985,603 shares of the Company’s common stock under the Company’s 2021 Share Repurchase Program at an aggregate cost of $186.7 million, which is inclusive of the shares repurchased under the 2022 ASR Contract. There were no shares repurchased under the Company’s 2021 or 2012 Share Repurchase Program during the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021. As of October 29, 2022, the Company had remaining authority under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program to purchase $62.3 million of its common stock.
Dividends
The following sets forth the cash dividend declared per share:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Cash dividend declared per share | $ | 0.2250 |  |  | $ | 0.1125 |  |  | $ | 0.6750 |  |  | $ | 0.3375 |

In accordance with the terms of the indenture governing the Notes, the Company has adjusted the conversion rate and the conversion price of the Notes for quarterly dividends exceeding $0.1125 per share.
For each of the periods presented, dividends paid also included the impact from vesting of restricted stock units that are considered non-participating securities and are only entitled to dividend payments once the respective awards vest.
Decisions on whether, when and in what amounts to continue making any future dividend distributions will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors, which reserves the right to change or terminate the Company’s dividend practices at any time and for any reason without prior notice. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be based upon a number of business, legal and other considerations, including the Company’s cash flow from operations, capital expenditures, debt service and covenant requirements, cash paid for income taxes, earnings, share repurchases, economic conditions and U.S. and global liquidity.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of related income taxes, are (in thousands):

| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Derivative Financial Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | Total
| Three Months Ended Oct 29, 2022
Balance at July 30, 2022 | $ | (163,862) |  |  | $ | 14,240 |  |  |  | $ | (6,902) |  |  | $ | (156,524) |
Gains (losses) arising during the period | (9,685) |  |  | 6,136 |  |  |  | 150 |  |  | (3,399) |
Reclassification to net earnings for gains realized | — |  |  | (3,709) |  |  |  | (8) |  |  | (3,717) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (9,685) |  |  | 2,427 |  |  |  | 142 |  |  | (7,116) |
Balance at October 29, 2022 | $ | (173,547) |  |  | $ | 16,667 |  |  |  | $ | (6,760) |  |  | $ | (163,640) |

| Nine Months Ended Oct 29, 2022
Balance at January 29, 2022 | $ | (135,861) |  |  | $ | 7,280 |  |  |  | $ | (6,968) |  |  | $ | (135,549) |
Gains (losses) arising during the period | (37,686) |  |  | 15,578 |  |  |  | 221 |  | (21,887) |
Reclassification to net earnings for gains realized | — |  |  | (6,191) |  |  |  | (13) |  |  | (6,204) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (37,686) |  |  | 9,387 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  | (28,091) |
Balance at October 29, 2022 | $ | (173,547) |  |  | $ | 16,667 |  |  |  | $ | (6,760) |  |  | $ | (163,640) |

| Three Months Ended Oct 30, 2021
Balance at July 31, 2021 | $ | (113,728) |  |  | $ | (602) |  |  |  |  | $ | (9,598) |  |  | $ | (123,928) |
Gains (losses) arising during the period | (7,283) |  |  | 2,701 |  |  |  |  | 48 |  |  | (4,534) |
Reclassification to net earnings for losses realized | — |  |  | 1,185 |  |  |  |  | 77 |  |  | 1,262 |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (7,283) |  |  | 3,886 |  |  |  |  | 125 |  |  | (3,272) |
Balance at October 30, 2021 | $ | (121,011) |  |  | $ | 3,284 |  |  |  |  | $ | (9,473) |  |  | $ | (127,200) |

| Nine Months Ended Oct 30, 2021
Balance at January 30, 2021 | $ | (105,970) |  |  | $ | (4,876) |  |  |  |  | $ | (9,829) |  |  | $ | (120,675) |
Gains (losses) arising during the period | (15,041) |  |  | 5,725 |  |  |  |  | 125 |  |  | (9,191) |
Reclassification to net earnings for losses realized | — |  |  | 2,435 |  |  |  |  | 231 |  |  | 2,666 |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (15,041) |  |  | 8,160 |  |  |  |  | 356 |  |  | (6,525) |
Balance at October 30, 2021 | $ | (121,011) |  |  | $ | 3,284 |  |  |  |  | $ | (9,473) |  |  | $ | (127,200) |

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Details on reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings are (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |
Derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts | $ | (4,141) |  |  | $ | 1,270 |  |  | $ | (7,013) |  |  | $ | 2,561 |  |  | Cost of product sales
Interest rate swap | (30) |  |  | 72 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 203 |  |  | Interest expense
Less income tax effect | 462 |  |  | (157) |  |  | 756 |  |  | (329) |  |  | Income tax expense
| (3,709) |  |  | 1,185 |  |  | (6,191) |  |  | 2,435 |  |  |
Defined benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss amortization | 13 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 317 |  |  | Other expense
Prior service credit amortization | (22) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (67) |  |  | (50) |  |  | Other expense
Less income tax effect | 1 |  |  | (13) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (36) |  |  | Income tax expense
| (8) |  |  | 77 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 231 |  |  |
Total reclassifications during the period | $ | (3,717) |  |  | $ | 1,262 |  |  | $ | (6,204) |  |  | $ | 2,666 |  |  |

(5)Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable is summarized as follows (in thousands):

| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Jan 29, 2022
Trade | $ | 280,044 |  |  | $ | 299,160 |
Royalty | 38,866 |  |  | 33,790 |
Other | 8,947 |  |  | 6,945 |
| 327,857 |  |  | 339,895 |
Less allowances | 8,515 |  |  | 11,039 |
| $ | 319,342 |  |  | $ | 328,856 |

Accounts receivable consists of trade receivables relating primarily to the Company’s wholesale business in Europe and, to a lesser extent, to its wholesale businesses in the Americas and Asia, royalty receivables relating to its licensing operations, credit card and retail concession receivables related to its retail businesses and certain other receivables. Other receivables generally relate to amounts due to the Company that result from activities that are not related to the direct sale of the Company’s products or collection of royalties.
(6)Inventories
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Jan 29, 2022
Raw materials | $ | 1,936 |  |  | $ | 1,228 |
Work in progress | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Finished goods | 572,635 |  |  | 461,064 |
| $ | 574,574 |  |  | $ | 462,295 |

The balances include an allowance to write down inventories to the lower of cost or net realizable value of $30.6 million and $31.8 million as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively.
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(7)Income Taxes
Effective Income Tax Rate
Income tax expense for the interim periods is computed using the income tax rate estimated to be applicable for the full fiscal year, adjusted for discrete items. The Company’s effective income tax rate was an expense of 34.2% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to 28.7% for the nine months ended October 30, 2021. The change in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to a decrease in earnings, which included losses in certain tax jurisdictions for which the Company did not recognize an income tax benefit, in fiscal 2023 compared to the same prior-year period.
Intra-Entity Transaction
During the third quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company completed an intra-entity transfer of intellectual property rights from certain U.S. entities to a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary, more closely aligning the Company’s intellectual property rights with its business operations. This transaction resulted in a taxable gain in the U.S. The U.S. taxable gain generated by this intercompany transfer of intellectual property was primarily offset by the recognition of a deferred income tax asset in the Swiss subsidiary.
The Company is in discussions with the Swiss tax authority for potential income tax benefits related to additional business functions being performed in Switzerland. Although the timing and outcome of such discussions is uncertain, if a positive agreement is reached with the Swiss tax authority, it could result in a significant benefit to the Company’s financial statements.
Unrecognized Income Tax Benefit
From time-to-time, the Company is subject to routine income and other audits on various income tax matters around the world in the ordinary course of business. As of October 29, 2022, no major income tax, and other, audits were ongoing.
As of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, the Company had $61.2 million and $57.5 million, respectively, of aggregate accruals for uncertain income tax positions, including penalties and interest. This includes an accrual of $19.9 million for the estimated transition tax (excluding interest) related to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform”) and $20.6 million for the intra-entity transfer of intellectual property rights from certain U.S. entities to a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary, substantially offset by the related deferred income tax benefit recorded by the Swiss subsidiary. The Company reviews and updates the estimates used in the accrual for uncertain income tax positions, as appropriate, as more definitive information or interpretations become available from income taxing authorities, and on the completion of income tax audits, the receipt of assessments, expiration of statutes of limitations, or occurrence of other events.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company became aware of a foreign withholding income tax regulation that could be interpreted to apply to certain of its previous transactions. The Company currently does not expect its exposure, if any, will have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Indefinite Reinvestment Assertion
The Company has historically considered the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested. As a result of the Tax Reform, the Company had a substantial amount of previously taxed earnings that could be distributed to the U.S. without additional U.S. taxation. As of October 29, 2022, the Company determined that approximately $25.7 million of such foreign earnings are not indefinitely reinvested. The incremental tax cost to repatriate these earnings to the U.S. is immaterial. The Company intends to indefinitely reinvest the remaining earnings from the Company’s foreign subsidiaries for which a deferred income tax liability has not already been recorded. The Company continues to evaluate its plans for reinvestment or repatriation of unremitted foreign earnings and regularly reviews its cash positions and determination of indefinite reinvestment of foreign earnings. If the Company determines that all or a portion of such foreign earnings are no longer indefinitely reinvested, the Company may be subject to additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. state income taxes, beyond the one-time transition tax.
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(8)Segment Information
The Company’s businesses are grouped into five reportable segments for management and internal financial reporting purposes: Americas Retail, Americas Wholesale, Europe, Asia and Licensing. The Company’s Americas Retail, Americas Wholesale, Europe and Licensing reportable segments are the same as their respective operating segments. Certain components of the Company’s Asia operating segment are separate operating segments based on region, which have been aggregated into the Asia reportable segment for disclosure purposes.
Management evaluates segment performance based primarily on revenues and earnings (loss) from operations before corporate performance-based compensation costs, asset impairment charges, net gains (losses) on lease modifications, restructuring charges and certain non-recurring credits (charges), if any. The Company believes this segment reporting reflects how its business segments are managed and how each segment’s performance is evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to assess performance and make resource allocation decisions.
Net revenue and earnings (loss) from operations are summarized (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas Retail | $ | 165,603 |  |  | $ | 169,617 |  |  | $ | 513,743 |  |  | $ | 511,449 |
Americas Wholesale | 53,181 |  |  | 58,999 |  |  | 171,733 |  |  | 154,287 |
Europe | 323,754 |  |  | 330,736 |  |  | 936,470 |  |  | 895,311 |
Asia | 63,118 |  |  | 57,137 |  |  | 168,705 |  |  | 160,610 |
Licensing | 27,747 |  |  | 26,581 |  |  | 78,915 |  |  | 70,039 |
Total net revenue | $ | 633,403 |  |  | $ | 643,070 |  |  | $ | 1,869,566 |  |  | $ | 1,791,696 |
Earnings (loss) from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas Retail | $ | 11,365 |  |  | $ | 24,070 |  |  | $ | 49,552 |  |  | $ | 82,260 |
Americas Wholesale | 10,229 |  |  | 17,316 |  |  | 39,068 |  |  | 41,815 |
Europe | 36,222 |  |  | 44,509 |  |  | 88,650 |  |  | 100,124 |
Asia | (5) |  |  | (2,399) |  |  | (6,792) |  |  | (9,054) |
Licensing | 24,849 |  |  | 24,402 |  |  | 70,499 |  |  | 63,987 |
Total segment earnings from operations | 82,660 |  |  | 107,898 |  |  | 240,977 |  |  | 279,132 |
Corporate overhead | (26,216) |  |  | (38,069) |  |  | (92,757) |  |  | (95,960) |
Asset impairment charges 1 | (1,789) |  |  | (1,152) |  |  | (5,252) |  |  | (3,094) |
Net gains (losses) on lease modifications 2 | 146 |  |  | (3,006) |  |  | 1,654 |  |  | (441) |
Total earnings from operations | $ | 54,801 |  |  | $ | 65,671 |  |  | $ | 144,622 |  |  | $ | 179,637 |

______________________________________________________________________
Notes:
1 During the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, the Company recognized asset impairment charges related primarily to property and equipment of certain retail locations resulting from under-performance and expected store closures. During the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, the Company recognized asset impairment charges related primarily to certain operating lease ROU assets and property and equipment of certain retail stores resulting from lower revenue and future cash flow projections from the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and expected store closures. Refer to Note 2 and Note 15 for more information regarding these asset impairment charges.
2 During the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, the Company recorded net gains (losses) on lease modifications related primarily to the early termination of certain lease agreements.
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The below presents information regarding geographic areas in which the Company operated. Net revenue is classified primarily based on the country where the Company’s customer is located (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. | $ | 146,677 |  |  | $ | 165,077 |  |  | $ | 474,938 |  |  | $ | 502,408 |
Italy | 63,983 |  |  | 62,835 |  |  | 193,044 |  |  | 175,191 |
Germany | 45,582 |  |  | 46,314 |  |  | 130,486 |  |  | 133,196 |
Canada | 43,111 |  |  | 41,447 |  |  | 127,671 |  |  | 102,512 |
South Korea | 38,989 |  |  | 35,383 |  |  | 102,998 |  |  | 89,994 |
Spain | 32,115 |  |  | 34,000 |  |  | 98,902 |  |  | 91,244 |
Other countries | 235,199 |  |  | 231,433 |  |  | 662,612 |  |  | 627,112 |
Total product sales | 605,656 |  |  | 616,489 |  |  | 1,790,651 |  |  | 1,721,657 |
Net royalties | 27,747 |  |  | 26,581 |  |  | 78,915 |  |  | 70,039 |
Net revenue | $ | 633,403 |  |  | $ | 643,070 |  |  | $ | 1,869,566 |  |  | $ | 1,791,696 |

Due to the seasonal nature of the Company’s business segments, the above net revenue and operating results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year.
(9)Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations
Borrowings and finance lease obligations are summarized (in thousands):

| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Jan 29, 2022
Term loans | $ | 29,038 |  |  | $ | 48,253 |
Finance lease obligations | 20,447 |  |  | 22,943 |
Mortgage debt | 17,356 |  |  | 17,860 |
Borrowings under credit facilities | 123,152 |  |  | 12,201 |
Other | 3,350 |  |  | 3,092 |
| 193,343 |  |  | 104,349 |
Less current installments | 39,626 |  |  | 43,379 |
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations | $ | 153,717 |  |  | $ | 60,970 |

Term Loans
As a precautionary measure to ensure financial flexibility and maintain maximum liquidity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company entered into term loans with certain banks primarily in Europe during fiscal 2021. These loans are primarily unsecured, have remaining terms of approximately two years and incur interest at annual rates ranging between 1.3% to 3.8%. As of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $29.0 million and $48.3 million under these borrowing arrangements, respectively.
Finance Lease Obligations
During fiscal 2018, the Company relocated its European distribution center to the Netherlands. The finance lease primarily provides for monthly minimum lease payments through May 2027 with an effective interest rate of approximately 6%. The Company has also entered into finance leases for equipment used in its European distribution centers. These finance lease obligations totaled $15.3 million and $19.6 million as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively.
The Company also has smaller finance leases related primarily to computer hardware and software. As of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, these finance lease obligations totaled $5.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
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Mortgage Debt
During fiscal 2017, the Company entered into a ten-year $21.5 million real estate secured loan (the “Mortgage Debt”) which is secured by the Company’s U.S. distribution center based in Louisville, Kentucky. The Mortgage Debt requires the Company to comply with a fixed charge coverage ratio on a trailing four-quarter basis if consolidated cash, cash equivalents, short-term investment balances and availability under borrowing arrangements fall below certain levels. In addition, the Mortgage Debt contains customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s ability to incur liens on the mortgaged property and enter into certain contractual obligations. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Mortgage Debt, the lender may terminate the Mortgage Debt and declare all amounts outstanding to be immediately due and payable. The Mortgage Debt specifies a number of events of default (some of which are subject to applicable grace or cure periods), including, among other things, non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to other material indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults and material judgment defaults.
Credit Facilities
2021 Credit Facility
During fiscal 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of its senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. and other lenders (as amended, the “2021 Credit Facility”). The 2021 Credit Facility provides for a borrowing capacity in an amount up to $120 million, including a Canadian sub-facility up to $20 million, subject to a borrowing base. Based on applicable accounts receivable and inventory balances as of October 29, 2022, the Company could have borrowed up to $110 million under the 2021 Credit Facility. The 2021 Credit Facility has an option to expand the borrowing capacity by up to $180 million subject to certain terms and conditions, including the willingness of existing or new lenders to assume such increased amount. The 2021 Credit Facility is available for direct borrowings and the issuance of letters of credit, subject to certain letters of credit sublimits, and may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. As of October 29, 2022, the Company had $9.6 million in outstanding standby letters of credit, no outstanding documentary letters of credit and no outstanding borrowings under the 2021 Credit Facility. As of January 29, 2022, the Company had $10.1 million in outstanding standby letters of credit, no outstanding documentary letters of credit and no outstanding borrowings under the 2021 Credit Facility.
The 2021 Credit Facility requires the Company to comply with a fixed charge coverage ratio on a trailing four-quarter basis if a default or an event of default occurs under the 2021 Credit Facility or generally if borrowings exceed 80% of the borrowing base. In addition, the 2021 Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to: incur liens, incur indebtedness, make investments, dispose of assets, make certain restricted payments, merge or consolidate and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2021 Credit Facility, the lenders may cease making loans, terminate the 2021 Credit Facility and declare all amounts outstanding to be immediately due and payable. The 2021 Credit Facility specifies a number of events of default (some of which are subject to applicable grace or cure periods), including, among other things, non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to other material indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, and material judgment defaults. The 2021 Credit Facility allows for both secured and unsecured borrowings outside of the 2021 Credit Facility up to specified amounts.
Long-Term 2022 Credit Facility
On May 5, 2022, Guess Europe Sagl, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) for a €250 million revolving credit facility (the “2022 Credit Facility”) with an initial five-year term. The Company has an option to extend the maturity date by up to two years and an option to expand the 2022 Credit Facility by up to €100 million, subject to certain conditions. At closing, there were no direct borrowings under the 2022 Credit Facility. The Company terminated certain European short-term borrowing arrangements totaling €120 million with various banks in Europe concurrently with the closing of the Credit Agreement.
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Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Facility bear interest based on the daily balance outstanding at the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR) plus an applicable margin (varying from 0.85% to 1.20%), provided that EURIBOR may not be less than 0.0%. The 2022 Credit Facility carries a commitment fee equal to the available but unused borrowing capacity multiplied by 35% of an applicable margin (varying from 0.85% to 1.20%). The Company is also required to pay a utilization fee on the total amount of the loans outstanding under the 2022 Credit Facility at rates varying from 0.10% to 0.20%, depending on the balance outstanding. The applicable margins are calculated quarterly and vary based on the leverage ratio of the guarantor and its subsidiaries as set forth in the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement contains various annual sustainability key performance targets, the achievement of which would result in an adjustment to the interest margin ranging from a plus 5 basis points to a minus 5 basis points per year. The Credit Agreement includes a financial covenant requiring a maximum leverage ratio of the guarantor and its subsidiaries. In addition, the Credit Agreement includes customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. As of October 29, 2022, the Company had no outstanding standby letters of credit, no outstanding documentary letters of credit, $109.6 million outstanding borrowings and $139.5 million available for future borrowings under the 2022 Credit Facility.
Other Credit Facilities
The Company, through its Chinese subsidiary, maintains a short-term uncommitted bank borrowing agreement that provides for a borrowing capacity up to $30 million, primarily for working capital purposes. The Company had $12.2 million in outstanding borrowings under this agreement as of both October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022.
The Company, through its Japanese subsidiary, maintains a short-term uncommitted bank borrowing agreement that provides for a borrowing capacity up to $3.4 million, primarily for working capital purposes. The Company had $1.3 million outstanding borrowings under this agreement as of October 29, 2022 and no outstanding borrowings as of January 29, 2022.
From time-to-time, the Company will obtain other financing in foreign countries for working capital to finance its local operations.
(10)Convertible Senior Notes and Related Transactions
2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024
In April 2019, the Company issued $300 million principal amount of the Notes in a private offering. In connection with the issuance of the Notes, the Company entered into an indenture (the “Indenture”) with respect to the Notes with U.S. Bank N.A., as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at an annual rate of 2.00% payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year. The Notes will mature on April 15, 2024, unless earlier repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms.
The Notes are convertible in certain circumstances into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election, at an initial conversion rate of 38.7879 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $25.78 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. In accordance with the terms of the indenture governing the Notes, the Company has adjusted the conversion rate and the conversion price of the Notes for quarterly dividends exceeding $0.1125 per share (currently $25.21). Prior to November 15, 2023, the Notes are convertible only upon the occurrence of certain events and during certain periods, and thereafter, at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the Notes.
Following certain corporate events described in the Indenture that occur prior to the maturity date, the conversion rate will be increased for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with such corporate event in certain circumstances. The Notes are not redeemable prior to maturity, and no sinking fund is provided for the Notes. As of October 29, 2022, none of the conditions allowing holders of the Notes to convert had
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been met. The Company expects to settle the principal amount of the Notes in 2024 in cash and any excess in shares.
On January 30, 2022, the Company adopted the authoritative guidance which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity using the modified retrospective method. Prior to adoption, the Company separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The liability component was recorded at fair value. The equity component represented the difference between the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes and the fair value of the liability component. The equity component was not subject to remeasurement as long as the equity component continued to meet the conditions for equity classification. The excess of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. During the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, the Company recorded $2.8 million and $8.3 million, respectively, of interest expense related to the amortization of the debt discount. As a result of the adoption of the authoritative guidance on January 30, 2022, the Company derecognized the remaining unamortized debt discount on the Notes and recorded no interest expense related to the amortization of the debt discount during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022. Refer to Note 1 for further information regarding this recently adopted guidance.
Debt issuance costs were comprised of $3.8 million of discounts and commissions payable to the initial purchasers and third-party offering costs of approximately $1.5 million. Debt issuance costs were recorded as a contra-liability and are presented net against the Notes balance on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. These costs are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes.
The Notes consist of the following (in thousands):

| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Jan 29, 2022
Liability component: |  |  |
Principal | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |
Unamortized debt discount 1 | — |  |  | (27,498) |
Unamortized issuance costs | (1,269) |  |  | (1,907) |
Net carrying amount | $ | 298,731 |  |  | $ | 270,595 |
Equity component, net 2 | $ | (759) |  |  | $ | 42,320 |

______________________________________________________________________
Notes:
1 Due to adoption of the authoritative guidance, unamortized debt discount was derecognized on January 30, 2022.
2 As a result of adoption of the authoritative guidance on January 30, 2022, the equity component was eliminated and recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. As of October 29, 2022, the balance is associated with convertible bond hedge issuance costs and deferred income taxes, which are not impacted by the adoption. As of January 29, 2022, the balance was included in paid-in capital within stockholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and is net of debt issuance costs and deferred taxes.
As of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, the fair value of the Notes, net of unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs, was approximately $293.6 million and $303.1 million, respectively. The fair value of the Notes is determined based on inputs that are observable in the market and have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Convertible Bond Hedge and Warrant Transactions
In connection with the offering of the Notes, the Company entered into convertible note hedge transactions whereby the Company had the option to purchase a total of approximately 11.6 million shares of its common stock at an initial strike price of approximately $25.78 per share, in each case subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The total cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was $61.0 million. In addition, the Company sold warrants whereby the holders of the warrants had the option to purchase a total of approximately 11.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial strike price of $46.88 per share. The Company received $28.1 million in cash proceeds from the sale of these warrants. Both the number
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of shares underlying the convertible note hedges and warrants and the strike price of the instruments are subject to customary adjustments. In accordance with the terms of the convertible note hedge confirmations and warrant confirmations, respectively, the Company has adjusted the strike prices with respect to the convertible note hedges and the warrants for quarterly dividends exceeding $0.1125 per share (currently $45.84). Taken together, the purchase of the convertible note hedges and sale of the warrants are intended to offset dilution from the conversion of the Notes to the extent the market price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds the adjusted strike price of the convertible note hedges. The warrant transaction may have a dilutive effect with respect to the Company’s common stock to the extent the market price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds the adjusted strike price of the warrants. The convertible note hedges and warrants are recorded in stockholders’ equity, are not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period.
As of October 29, 2022, there was no deferred income tax liability in connection with the debt discount. As of January 29, 2022, the Company had a deferred income tax liability of $6.2 million in connection with the debt discount included in deferred income tax assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of both October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, the Company had a deferred income tax asset of $6.9 million in connection with the convertible note hedge transactions. The net deferred income tax impact was included in deferred income tax assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(11)Share-Based Compensation
The following summarizes the share-based compensation expense recognized under all of the Company’s stock plans (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Stock options | $ | 706 |  |  | $ | 862 |  |  | $ | 2,018 |  |  | $ | 2,676 |
Stock awards/units | 5,129 |  |  | 5,311 |  |  | 14,353 |  |  | 12,221 |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 33 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 171 |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 5,868 |  |  | $ | 6,206 |  |  | $ | 16,547 |  |  | $ | 15,068 |

Unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options and nonvested stock awards/units totaled approximately $1.5 million and $27.5 million, respectively, as of October 29, 2022. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.
Grants
On June 3, 2022, the Company made a grant of 451,830 nonvested stock units to certain of its executive employees. These nonvested stock units are subject to certain performance-based or market-based vesting conditions.
Annual Grants
On May 10, 2022, the Company made an annual grant of 503,960 nonvested stock awards/units to its employees.
Performance-Based Awards
The Company has granted certain nonvested stock units subject to performance-based vesting conditions to select executive officers. Each award of nonvested stock units generally has an initial vesting period from the date of the grant through either (i) the end of the first fiscal year or (ii) the first anniversary of the date of grant, followed by annual vesting periods which may range from two-to-three years.
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The following summarizes the activity for nonvested performance-based units during the nine months ended October 29, 2022:

| Number of Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 29, 2022 | 643,813 |  |  | $ | 18.78 |
Granted | 294,985 |  |  | 20.34 |
Vested | (314,453) |  |  | 17.31 |
Forfeited | (11,718) |  |  | 26.40 |
Nonvested at October 29, 2022 | 612,627 |  |  | $ | 20.14 |

Market-Based Awards
The Company has granted certain nonvested stock units subject to market-based vesting conditions to select executive officers. These market-based awards include (i) units where the number of shares that may ultimately vest will equal 0% to 150% of the target number of shares, subject to the performance of the Company’s total stockholder return (“TSR”) relative to the TSR of a select group of peer companies over a three-year period and (ii) units scheduled to vest based on the attainment of certain absolute stock price levels over a four-year period. Vesting is also subject to continued service requirements through the vesting date.
The following summarizes the activity for nonvested market-based units during the nine months ended October 29, 2022:

| Number of Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 29, 2022 | 877,813 |  |  | $ | 14.22 |
Granted | 156,845 |  |  | 14.66 |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (87,871) |  |  | 9.39 |
Nonvested at October 29, 2022 | 946,787 |  |  | $ | 14.75 |

On April 22, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the Guess?, Inc. 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”). The amendment and restatement of the 2004 Plan (a) increased the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for award grants under the 2004 Plan by 680,000 shares (from 29,100,000 shares to 29,780,000 shares), (b) changed the ratio at which a “Full-Value Award” (any award granted under the 2004 Plan other than a stock option or stock appreciation right) counts against the total share limit under the 2004 Plan from 3.54 shares for every one share actually issued in connection with such award to 1.6 shares for every one share actually issued in connection with such award, (c) extended the Company’s ability to grant new awards under the 2004 Plan through March 26, 2032, and (d) made members of the Company’s Board of Directors who are not employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries eligible to receive award grants under the 2004 Plan.
(12)Related Party Transactions
The Company and its subsidiaries periodically enter into transactions with other entities or individuals that are considered related parties, including certain transactions with entities owned by, affiliated with, or for the respective benefit of, Paul Marciano, who is an executive and member of the Board of the Company, and Maurice Marciano, who is also a member of the Board, and certain of their children (the “Marciano Entities”).
Leases
The Company leases warehouse and administrative facilities, including the Company’s North American corporate headquarters in Los Angeles, California, from partnerships affiliated with the Marciano Entities and
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certain of their affiliates. There were four of these leases in effect as of October 29, 2022 with expiration or option exercise dates ranging from calendar years 2023 to 2030.
Aggregate lease costs recorded under these four related party leases were approximately $6.7 million and $6.4 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, respectively. The Company believes the terms of the related party leases have not been significantly affected by the fact the Company and the lessors are related.
Aircraft Arrangements
The Company periodically charters aircraft owned by the Marciano Entities through informal arrangements with the Marciano Entities and independent third-party management companies contracted by such Marciano Entities to manage their aircraft. The total fees paid under these arrangements for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021 were approximately $2.1 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
Minority Investment
The Company owns a 30% interest in a privately held men’s footwear company (the “Footwear Company”) in which the Marciano Entities also own a 45% interest. In December 2020, the Company provided the Footwear Company with a revolving credit facility for $2.0 million, which provides for an annual interest rate of 2.75% and matures in November 2023. As of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, the Company had a note receivable of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, included in other assets in its condensed consolidated balance sheets related to outstanding borrowings by the Footwear Company under this revolving credit facility.
In May 2022, the Company entered into a Fulfillment Services Agreement with the Footwear Company under which the Company will provide certain fulfillment services for the Footwear Company’s U.S. wholesale and e-commerce businesses from the Company’s U.S distribution center on a cost-plus 5% basis. In June 2022, the Company (through a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary) entered into a Distributorship Agreement with the Footwear Company under which the Company was designated as the exclusive distributor (excluding e-commerce) for the Footwear Company in the European Union and other specified countries. The Distributorship Agreement provides for (i) the Company to receive a 35% discount from the Footwear Company’s wholesale prices, (ii) no minimum sales requirements or advertising spending requirements for the Company; (iii) an initial 15 month term with annual renewals thereafter and (iv) other standard terms and conditions for similar arrangements. During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, there were no fees paid with respect to the U.S. fulfillment services and under $5,000 in amounts paid related to the distributorship arrangements.
Vendor Purchases
The Company purchases faux fur products from a privately-held fashion accessories company (the “Fashion Company”). Mr. Maurice Marciano, Mr. Paul Marciano and Mr. Carlos Alberini own on a combined basis 20% of the outstanding common equity interests in the Fashion Company (with the Marcianos jointly owning 16% and Mr. Alberini owning 4%). The total payments made by the Company to the Fashion Company were approximately $3.4 million and $2.5 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, respectively. The Company believes that the price paid by the Company for the Fashion Company’s products and the terms of the transactions between the Company and the Fashion Company have not been affected by this passive investment of Messrs. Marcianos and Mr. Alberini in the Fashion Company.
(13) Commitments and Contingencies
Investment Commitments
As of October 29, 2022, the Company had an unfunded commitment to invest €11.0 million ($10.9 million) in a private equity fund. Refer to Note 15 for further information.
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Legal and Other Proceedings
The Company is involved in legal proceedings, arising both in the ordinary course of business and otherwise, including the proceedings described below as well as various other claims and other matters incidental to the Company’s business. Unless otherwise stated, the resolution of any particular proceeding is not currently expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Even if such an impact could be material, the Company may not be able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss until developments in the proceedings have provided sufficient information to support an assessment.
The Company has received customs tax assessment notices from the Italian Customs Agency (“ICA”) regarding its customs tax audit of one of the Company’s European subsidiaries for the period from July 2010 through December 2012. Such assessments totaled €9.8 million ($9.8 million), including potential penalties and interest. The Company strongly disagreed with the ICA’s positions and therefore filed appeals with the Milan First Degree Tax Court (“MFDTC”). Those appeals were split into a number of different cases that were then heard by different sections of the MFDTC. The MFDTC ruled in favor of the Company on all of these appeals. The ICA subsequently appealed €9.7 million ($9.7 million) of these favorable MFDTC judgments with the Appeals Court. To date, €8.5 million ($8.5 million) have been decided in favor of the Company and €1.2 million ($1.2 million) have been decided in favor of the ICA. The Company believes that the unfavorable Appeals Court ruling is incorrect and inconsistent with the prior rulings on similar matters by both the MFDTC and other judges within the Appeals Court, and has appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. The ICA has appealed most of the favorable Appeals Court rulings to the Supreme Court. To date, of the cases that have been appealed to the Supreme Court, €0.4 million ($0.4 million) have been decided in favor of the Company based on the merits of the case and €1.1 million ($1.1 million) have been remanded back to the lower court for further consideration. There can be no assurances the Company will be successful in the remaining appeals. It also continues to be possible that the Company will receive similar or even larger assessments for periods subsequent to December 2012 or other claims or charges related to the matter in the future. Although the Company believes that it has a strong position and will continue to vigorously defend this matter, it is unable to predict with certainty whether or not these efforts will ultimately be successful or whether the outcome will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
On September 19, 2022, a stockholder derivative lawsuit styled Employees Retirement System of Rhode Island, derivatively on behalf of Guess?, Inc. v. Paul Marciano, et al., was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company, as the nominal defendant, Mr. Paul Marciano and other members of the Board of Directors of the Company, alleging breach of fiduciary duties relating to the continued service of Mr. Paul Marciano as a director of the Board of Directors and as the Company’s Chief Creative Officer following prior allegations of improper conduct by him relating to the treatment of models and other women. The stockholder did not make a demand on the Company’s Board of Directors before instituting the lawsuit and alleges such demand would have been futile. On October 28, 2022, the stockholder amended the complaint to include an additional basis for alleging demand futility. The stockholder seeks monetary damages and possible injunctive relief.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
The Company is party to a put arrangement with respect to the common securities that represent the remaining noncontrolling interest for its majority-owned subsidiary, Guess Brasil Comércio e Distribuição S.A. (“Guess Brazil”). The put arrangement for Guess Brazil, representing 40% of the total outstanding equity interest of that subsidiary, may be exercised at the discretion of the noncontrolling interest holder by providing written notice to the Company every third anniversary beginning in March 2019, subject to certain time restrictions. The redemption value of the Guess Brazil put arrangement is based on a multiple of Guess Brazil’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization subject to certain adjustments and is classified as a redeemable noncontrolling interest outside of permanent equity in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. The carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Guess Brazil was $0.4 million as of both October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022.
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The Company (through a wholly-owned European subsidiary) is also party to a put arrangement with respect to the securities that represent the remaining noncontrolling interest for its majority-owned Russian subsidiary, Guess? CIS, LLC (“Guess CIS”), which was established through a majority-owned joint venture during fiscal 2016. The put arrangement for Guess CIS (the “Put Option”), representing 30% of the total outstanding equity interest of that subsidiary, may be exercised at the sole discretion of the noncontrolling interest holder (the “Minority Holder”) by providing written notice to the Company during the period after December 28, 2020, the fifth anniversary of the agreement, through December 31, 2025. The redemption value of the Put Option is based on a multiple of Guess CIS’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization subject to certain adjustments and is classified as a redeemable noncontrolling interest outside of permanent equity in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. The carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Guess CIS was €8.0 million and €8.1 million as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively.
In November 2022, the Minority Holder exercised the Put Option, triggering a contractual obligation for the Company to purchase the Minority Holder’s 30% interest in Guess CIS. Following a comprehensive review of the various economic sanctions imposed by the United States and European governments with respect to Russia earlier this year, and obtaining guidance from the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), the Company has determined that its acquisition of the Minority Holder’s 30% interest in Guess CIS pursuant to the Company’s pre-sanctions contractual obligations to fulfill the Minority Holder’s exercise of the Put Option is not prohibited by current economic sanctions, including the U.S. ban on new investment in Russia. As such, the Company expects to fulfill its pre-sanctions contractual obligation to purchase the Minority Holder’s interest as required by the terms of the Guess CIS agreements entered into during fiscal 2016 with the Minority Holder. The purchase is currently expected to be completed by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2024.
The Company’s European subsidiary, Guess Europe SAGL has also counter guaranteed up to $900,000 of Guess CIS’s obligations under its local Russian guarantee line, as required by certain lease agreements.
The redeemable noncontrolling interests of the Guess Brazil and Guess CIS put arrangements are recorded at the greater of their carrying values, adjusted for their share of the allocation of income or loss, dividends and foreign currency translation adjustments, or redemption values. During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, there was no redeemable noncontrolling interest redemption value adjustment. During the nine months ended October 30, 2021, the Company had $5.7 million in redeemable noncontrolling interest redemption value adjustment.
A reconciliation of the total carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests is (in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Beginning balance | $ | 9,500 |  |  | $ | 3,920 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest redemption value adjustment | — |  |  | 5,654 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (1,066) |  |  | 177 |
Ending balance | $ | 8,434 |  |  | $ | 9,751 |

(14)Defined Benefit Plans
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
The Company’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) provides select employees who satisfy certain eligibility requirements with certain benefits upon retirement, termination of employment, death, disability or a change in control of the Company, in certain prescribed circumstances. As a non-qualified pension plan, no dedicated funding of the SERP is required; however, the Company has made periodic payments into insurance policies held in a rabbi trust to fund the expected obligations arising under the non-qualified SERP. The cash surrender values of the insurance policies were $61.2 million and $70.9 million as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively, and were included in other assets in the
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Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. As a result of changes in the value of the insurance policy investments, the Company recorded unrealized losses of $4.8 million and $8.3 million in other income and expense during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, respectively, and unrealized gains of $0.1 million and $2.3 million in other income and expense during the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021. The projected benefit obligation was $49.2 million and $49.4 million as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively, and was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets depending on the expected timing of payments. SERP benefit payments of $0.5 million and $1.4 million were made during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, respectively. SERP benefit payments of $0.5 million and $1.4 million were made during the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, respectively.
Foreign Pension Plans
In certain foreign jurisdictions, primarily in Switzerland, the Company is required to guarantee the returns on Company-sponsored defined contribution plans in accordance with local regulations. The Company’s contributions must be made in an amount at least equal to the employee’s contribution. Minimum employee contributions are based on the respective employee’s age, salary and gender.
As of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, the foreign pension plans had a total projected benefit obligation of $39.4 million and $42.7 million, respectively, and plan assets held in independent investment fiduciaries of $35.1 million and $38.0 million, respectively. The net liability of $4.3 million and $4.7 million was included in other long-term liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively.
The components of net periodic defined benefit pension cost related to the Company’s defined benefit plans are (in thousands):

| SERP |  | Foreign Pension Plans |  | Total
| Three Months Ended Oct 29, 2022
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 733 |
Interest cost | 333 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 386 |
Expected return on plan assets | — |  |  | (66) |  |  | (66) |
Net amortization of unrecognized prior service credit | — |  |  | (22) |  |  | (22) |
Net amortization of actuarial losses | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Net periodic defined benefit pension cost | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | 711 |  |  | $ | 1,044 |

| Nine Months Ended Oct 29, 2022
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,249 |  |  | $ | 2,249 |
Interest cost | 1,000 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 1,165 |
Expected return on plan assets | — |  |  | (203) |  |  | (203) |
Net amortization of unrecognized prior service credit | — |  |  | (67) |  |  | (67) |
Net amortization of actuarial losses | 17 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 55 |
Net periodic defined benefit pension cost | $ | 1,017 |  |  | $ | 2,182 |  |  | $ | 3,199 |

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| SERP |  | Foreign Pension Plans |  | Total
| Three Months Ended Oct 30, 2021
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | 781 |  |  | $ | 781 |
Interest cost | 289 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 307 |
Expected return on plan assets | — |  |  | (51) |  |  | (51) |
Net amortization of unrecognized prior service credit | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | (16) |
Net amortization of actuarial losses | 21 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 106 |
Net periodic defined benefit pension cost | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 817 |  |  | $ | 1,127 |

| Nine Months Ended Oct 30, 2021
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,364 |  |  | $ | 2,364 |
Interest cost | 866 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 922 |
Expected return on plan assets | — |  |  | (155) |  |  | (155) |
Net amortization of unrecognized prior service credit | — |  |  | (50) |  |  | (50) |
Net amortization of actuarial losses | 61 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 317 |
Net periodic defined benefit pension cost | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 2,471 |  |  | $ | 3,398 |

(15)Fair Value Measurements
Authoritative guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:
Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that can be accessed at the measurement date.
Level 2—Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e. interest rates, yield curves, etc.) and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect assumptions about what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. These inputs are based on the best information available, including the Company’s own data.
The following presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

|  | Fair Value Measurements |  | Fair Value Measurements
|  | at Oct 29, 2022 |  | at Jan 29, 2022
Recurring Fair Value Measures |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,375 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,375 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,133 |
Interest rate swap |  | — |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,692 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,692 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,133 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,207 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,207 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swap |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |
Deferred compensation obligations |  | — |  |  | 14,753 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,753 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,794 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,794 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,960 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,960 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,868 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,868 |

Foreign exchange currency contracts may be entered into by the Company to hedge the future payment of inventory and intercompany transactions by non-U.S. subsidiaries. Periodically, the Company may also use
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foreign exchange currency contracts to hedge the translation and economic exposures related to its net investments in certain of its international subsidiaries. The fair values of the Company’s foreign exchange currency contracts are based on quoted foreign exchange forward rates at the reporting date. The fair values of the Company’s interest rate swaps are based upon inputs corroborated by observable market data. Deferred compensation obligations to employees are adjusted based on changes in the fair value of the underlying employee-directed investments. Fair value of these obligations is based upon inputs corroborated by observable market data.
The Company included €3.7 million ($3.7 million) and €3.6 million ($4.0 million) in other assets in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets related to its investment in a private equity fund as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively. The Company uses net asset value per share as a practical expedient to measure the fair value of this investment and has not included this investment in the fair value hierarchy as disclosed above. As of October 29, 2022, the Company had an unfunded commitment to invest an additional €11.0 million ($10.9 million) in the private equity fund.
The fair values of the Company’s debt instruments (see Note 9) are based on the amount of future cash flows associated with each instrument discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. As of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, the carrying value was not materially different from fair value, as the interest rates on the Company’s debt approximated rates currently available to the Company. The fair value of the Company’s Notes (see Note 10) is determined based on inputs that are observable in the market and have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
The carrying amount of the Company’s remaining financial instruments, which principally include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity of such instruments.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and operating lease ROU assets, are reviewed for impairment quarterly or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The majority of the Company’s long-lived assets relate to its retail operations, which consist primarily of regular retail and flagship locations. The Company considers each individual regular retail location as an asset group for impairment testing, which is the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. The Company also evaluates impairment risk for retail locations that are expected to be closed in the foreseeable future. The Company has flagship locations that are used as a regional marketing tool to build brand awareness and promote the Company’s current product. Provided the flagship locations continue to meet the appropriate criteria, impairment for these locations is tested at a reporting unit level similar to goodwill since they do not have separately identifiable cash flows.
An asset is considered to be impaired if the Company determines that the carrying value may not be recoverable based upon its assessment of the asset’s ability to continue to generate earnings from operations and positive cash flow in future periods or if significant changes in the Company’s strategic business objectives and utilization of the assets occurred. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows adjusted for lease payments, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value. The Company uses estimates of market participant rents to calculate fair value of ROU assets and discounted future cash flows of the asset group to quantify fair value for other long-lived assets. These nonrecurring fair value measurements are considered Level 3 inputs as defined above. The impairment loss calculations require management to apply judgment in estimating future cash flows and the discount rates that reflect the risk inherent in future cash flows. Future expected cash flows for assets in regular retail locations are based on management’s estimates of future cash flows over the remaining lease period or expected life, if shorter. For expected location closures, the Company will evaluate whether it is necessary to shorten the useful life for any of the assets within the respective asset group. The Company will use this revised useful life when estimating the asset group’s future cash flows. The Company considers historical trends, expected future business trends and other factors when
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estimating the future cash flow for each regular retail location. The Company also considers factors such as the following: the Russia-Ukraine conflict, including the sanctions and trade restrictions imposed on Russia in response to the conflict; the local environment for each regular retail location, including mall traffic and competition; the Company’s ability to successfully implement strategic initiatives; and the ability to control variable costs such as cost of sales and payroll and, in some cases, renegotiate lease costs. As discussed further in Note 1, the COVID-19 pandemic and other global economic conditions have negatively impacted the Company’s financial results during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, and could continue to impact the Company’s operations in ways the Company is not able to predict today due to the evolving dynamic situation. The Company has made reasonable assumptions and judgments to determine the fair value of the assets tested based on the facts and circumstances that were available as of the reporting date. If actual results are not consistent with the assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, there may be additional exposure to future impairment losses that could be material to the Company’s results of operations.
The Company recorded asset impairment charges of $1.8 million and $5.3 million during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, respectively. The Company recorded asset impairment charges of $1.2 million and $3.1 million during the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, respectively. The Company recognized $1.8 million and $5.2 million in impairment of property and equipment related to certain retail locations primarily in Europe and Asia driven by under-performance and expected store closures during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized $0.5 million and $2.4 million in impairment of property and equipment related to certain retail locations primarily in Europe and Asia during the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, respectively. The Company recognized immaterial impairment on ROU assets primarily in Europe during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022. The Company recognized $0.7 million in impairment on ROU assets primarily in Europe in the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021. Refer to Note 2 for further information on impairment charges recognized on operating lease ROU assets.
Goodwill
Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. This determination is made at the reporting unit level which may be either an operating segment or one level below an operating segment if discrete financial information is available. Two or more reporting units within an operating segment may be aggregated for impairment testing if they have similar economic characteristics.
The COVID-19 pandemic and other global economic conditions continued to impact the Company’s businesses during the first nine months of fiscal 2023. During the three months ended October 29, 2022, the Company assessed qualitative factors and determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of its reporting units are less than their carrying amounts.
(16)Derivative Financial Instruments
Hedging Strategy
Foreign Exchange Currency Contracts
The Company operates in foreign countries, which exposes it to market risk associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The Company has entered into certain forward contracts to hedge the risk of foreign currency rate fluctuations. The Company has elected to apply the hedge accounting rules in accordance with authoritative guidance for certain of these hedges.
The Company’s primary objective is to hedge the variability in forecasted cash flows due to the foreign currency risk. Various transactions that occur primarily in Europe, Canada, South Korea, China, Hong Kong and Mexico are denominated in U.S. dollars, British pounds and Russian roubles and thus are exposed to earnings risk as a result of exchange rate fluctuations when converted to their functional currencies. These
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types of transactions include U.S. dollar-denominated purchases of merchandise and U.S. dollar- and British pound-denominated intercompany liabilities. In addition, certain operating expenses, tax liabilities and pension-related liabilities are denominated in Swiss francs and are exposed to earnings risk as a result of exchange rate fluctuations when converted to the functional currency. Further, there are certain real estate leases that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the respective entity that entered into the agreement (primarily Swiss francs, Russian roubles and Polish zloty). As a result, the Company may be exposed to volatility related to unrealized gains or losses on the translation of present value of future lease payment obligations when translated at the exchange rate as of a reporting period-end. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments, including forward exchange currency contracts, to offset some, but not all, of the exchange risk on certain of these anticipated foreign currency transactions.
Periodically, the Company may also use foreign exchange currency contracts to hedge the translation and economic exposures related to its net investments in certain of its international subsidiaries.
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its floating-rate debt. The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements for certain of these agreements to effectively convert its floating-rate debt to a fixed-rate basis. The principal objective of these contracts is to eliminate or reduce the variability of the cash flows in interest payments associated with the Company’s floating-rate debt, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest payment cash flows. The Company has elected to apply the hedge accounting rules in accordance with authoritative guidance for certain of these contracts. Refer to Note 9 for further information.
The impact of the credit risk of the counterparties to the derivative contracts is considered in determining the fair value of the foreign exchange currency contracts and interest rate swap agreements. As of October 29, 2022, credit risk has not had a significant effect on the fair value of the Company’s foreign exchange currency contracts and interest rate swap agreements.
Hedge Accounting Policy
Foreign Exchange Currency Contracts
U.S. dollar forward contracts are used to hedge forecasted merchandise purchases over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these U.S. dollar forward contracts, designated as cash flow hedges, are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity and are recognized in cost of product sales in the period that approximates the time the hedged merchandise inventory is sold.
The Company has also used U.S. dollar forward contracts to hedge the net investments of certain of the Company’s international subsidiaries over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these U.S. dollar forward contracts, designated as net investment hedges, are recorded in foreign currency translation adjustment as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity and are not recognized in earnings (loss) until the sale or liquidation of the hedged net investment.
The Company also has foreign exchange currency contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Changes in fair value of foreign exchange currency contracts not designated as hedging instruments are reported in net earnings (loss) as part of other income (expense).
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
Interest rate swap agreements are used to hedge the variability of the cash flows in interest payments associated with the Company’s floating-rate debt. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt.
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Periodically, the Company may also enter into interest rate swap agreements that are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements not designated as hedging instruments are reported in net earnings (loss) as part of other income (expense).
Summary of Derivative Instruments
The fair value of derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets is (in thousands):

| Fair Value at Oct 29, 2022 |  | Fair Value at Jan 29, 2022 |  | Derivative Balance Sheet Location
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts | $ | 13,207 |  |  | $ | 5,999 |  |  | Other current assets/ Other assets
Interest rate swap | 1,317 |  |  | — |  |  | Other assets
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | 14,524 |  |  | 5,999 |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts | 2,168 |  |  | 1,134 |  |  | Other current assets
Total | $ | 16,692 |  |  | $ | 7,133 |  |  |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts | $ | 1,155 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Accrued expenses/ Other long-term liabilities
Interest rate swap | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | 1,155 |  |  | 74 |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Total | $ | 1,207 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  |

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Exchange Currency Contracts Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, the Company purchased U.S. dollar forward contracts in Europe totaling US$256.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges. As of October 29, 2022, the Company had forward contracts outstanding for its European operations of US$275.0 million to hedge forecasted merchandise purchases, which are expected to mature over the next 18 months.
As of October 29, 2022, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to foreign exchange currency contracts included a $15.7 million net unrealized gain, net of tax, of which $13.9 million will be recognized in cost of product sales over the following 12 months, at the then current values on a pre-tax basis, which can be different than the current quarter-end values.
At January 29, 2022, the Company had forward contracts outstanding for its European operations of US$146.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges.
Interest Rate Swap Agreement Designated as Cash Flow Hedge
As of October 29, 2022, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the interest rate swap agreement included a net unrealized gain of $1.0 million, net of tax, which will be recognized in interest expense over the following 12 months, at the then current values on a pre-tax basis, which can be different than the current quarter-end values.
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The following summarizes the gains (losses) before income taxes recognized on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges in OCI and net earnings (in thousands):

| Gains Recognized in OCI |  | Location of Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings |  | Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  |  |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
| Three Months Ended
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts | $ | 6,234 |  |  | $ | 2,797 |  |  | Cost of product sales |  | $ | 4,141 |  |  | $ | (1,270) |
Interest rate swap | 764 |  |  | 275 |  |  | Interest expense |  | 30 |  |  | (72) |

| Nine Months Ended
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts | $ | 16,358 |  |  | $ | 6,089 |  |  | Cost of product sales |  | $ | 7,013 |  |  | $ | (2,561) |
Interest rate swap | 1,325 |  |  | 397 |  |  | Interest expense |  | (66) |  |  | (203) |

The following summarizes net after income tax derivative activity recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Beginning balance gain (loss) | $ | 14,240 |  |  | $ | (602) |  |  | $ | 7,280 |  |  | $ | (4,876) |
Net gains from changes in cash flow hedges | 6,136 |  |  | 2,701 |  |  | 15,578 |  |  | 5,725 |
Net (gains) losses reclassified into earnings | (3,709) |  |  | 1,185 |  |  | (6,191) |  |  | 2,435 |
Ending balance gain | $ | 16,667 |  |  | $ | 3,284 |  |  | $ | 16,667 |  |  | $ | 3,284 |

Foreign Exchange Currency Contracts Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
As of October 29, 2022, the Company had euro foreign exchange currency contracts to purchase US$49.5 million expected to mature over the next 14 months. As of January 29, 2022, the Company had euro foreign exchange currency contracts to purchase US$19.0 million.
The following summarizes the gains before income taxes recognized on derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments in other income (expense) (in thousands):

| Location of Gains Recognized in Earnings |  | Gains Recognized in Earnings
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Foreign exchange currency contracts | Other expense |  | $ | 1,153 |  |  | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | 4,294 |  |  | $ | 916 |

(17)Subsequent Events
Dividends
On November 22, 2022, the Company announced a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.225 per share on the Company’s common stock. The cash dividend will be paid on December 23, 2022 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2022. As a result of this dividend declaration and in accordance
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with the terms of the indenture governing the Notes, the Company will adjust the conversion rate (which is expected to increase) and the conversion price (which is expected to decrease) of the Notes effective as of December 6, 2022. A corresponding adjustment is expected to be made to the strike prices with respect to the convertible note hedges and the warrants entered into by the Company in connection with the offering of the Notes, each of which will be decreased in accordance with the terms of the convertible note hedge confirmations and warrant confirmations, respectively.
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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
General
Unless the context indicates otherwise, when we refer to “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” in this Form 10‑Q, we are referring to Guess?, Inc. (“GUESS?”) and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may also be contained in our other reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in our press releases and in other documents.
Except for historical information contained herein, certain matters discussed in this Quarterly Report, including statements concerning the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and other events impacting the markets in which we operate; statements concerning our future outlook, including with respect to the fourth quarter and full year of fiscal 2023; statements concerning our expectations, goals, future prospects, and current business strategies and strategic initiatives; and statements expressing optimism or pessimism about future operating results and growth opportunities are forward-looking statements that are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements, which are frequently indicated by terms such as “expect,” “could,” “will,” “should,” “goal,” “strategy,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” “outlook,” “plan,” “create,” “see,” and similar terms, are only expectations, and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results in future periods to differ materially from what is currently anticipated. Factors which may cause actual results in future periods to differ materially from current expectations include, among others: our ability to maintain our brand image and reputation; domestic and international economic or political conditions, including economic and other factors that could negatively impact consumer confidence and discretionary consumer spending; sanctions and export controls targeting Russia and other impacts related to the war in Ukraine; impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic or other public health crises; risks relating to our indebtedness; changes to estimates related to impairments, inventory and other reserves; changes in the competitive marketplace and in our commercial relationships; our ability to anticipate and adapt to changing consumer preferences and trends; our ability to manage our inventory commensurate with customer demand; the high concentration of our Americas Wholesale business; risks related to the costs and timely delivery of merchandise to our distribution facilities, stores and wholesale customers; unexpected or unseasonable weather conditions; our ability to effectively operate our various retail concepts, including securing, renewing, modifying or terminating leases for store locations; our ability to successfully and/or timely implement our growth strategies and other strategic initiatives; our ability to successfully enhance our global omni-channel capabilities; our ability to expand internationally and operate in regions where we have less experience, including through joint ventures; risks relating to our $300 million 2.0% convertible senior notes due 2024 (the “Notes”), including our ability to settle the liability in cash; disruptions at our distribution facilities; our ability to attract and retain management and other key personnel; obligations or changes in estimates arising from new or existing litigation, income tax and other regulatory proceedings; risks related to the income tax treatment of our third quarter fiscal 2022 intra-entity transfer of intellectual property rights from certain U.S. entities to a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary; catastrophic events or natural disasters; changes in U.S. or foreign income tax or tariff policy, including changes to tariffs on imports into the U.S.; accounting adjustments to our unaudited financial statements identified during the completion of our annual independent audit of financial statements and financial controls or from subsequent events arising after issuance of this Quarterly Report; risk of future non-cash asset impairments, including goodwill, right-of-use lease assets and/or other store asset impairments; violations of, or changes to, domestic or international laws and regulations; risks associated with the acts or omissions of our licensees and third party vendors, including a failure to comply with our vendor code of conduct or other policies; risks associated with cyber security incidents and other cyber security risks; risks associated with our ability to properly collect, use, manage and secure consumer and employee data; risks associated with our vendors’ ability to maintain the strength and security of information technology systems;
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changes in economic, political, social and other conditions affecting our foreign operations and sourcing, including the impact of currency fluctuations, global income tax rates and economic and market conditions in the various countries in which we operate; impacts of inflation and further inflationary pressures; fluctuations in quarterly performance; slowing in-person customer traffic; increases in labor costs; increases in wages; risks relating to activist investor activity; and the significant voting power of our family founders. In addition to these factors, the economic, technological, managerial, and other risks identified in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” herein and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including but not limited to the risk factors discussed therein, could cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations. The current global economic climate, the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and uncertainty surrounding potential changes in U.S. policies and regulations may amplify many of these risks. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Business Update, Market Trends and Uncertainties
Macroeconomic conditions, including rising inflation, higher interest rates, foreign exchange rate fluctuations, declines in consumer spending and the impact of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic continue to negatively impact our business. Additionally, the Company has experienced negative impacts to its global supply chains as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors, contributing to industry-wide higher product and freight costs. The Company has been working actively to mitigate these headwinds to the extent possible through a number of global supply chain initiatives. Furthermore, certain of the Company’s stores, primarily in Asia were impacted by government mandated capacity restrictions and other measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, resulting in the closure of less than 1% of our directly operated stores as of October 29, 2022. The impact of these closures was minimal to our three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 results.
We continue to carefully monitor and respond to developments in market conditions, including by strategically managing expenses in order to protect profitability and to mitigate, to the extent possible, the effect of supply chain disruptions. The duration and scope of these conditions cannot be predicted, and therefore, any anticipated negative financial impact to the Company’s operating results cannot be reasonably estimated.
Business Segments
Our businesses are grouped into five reportable segments for management and internal financial reporting purposes: Americas Retail, Americas Wholesale, Europe, Asia and Licensing. Our Americas Retail, Americas Wholesale, Europe and Licensing reportable segments are the same as their respective operating segments. Certain components of our Asia operating segment are separate operating segments based on region, which have been aggregated into the Asia reportable segment for disclosure purposes.
Management evaluates segment performance based primarily on revenues and earnings (loss) from operations before corporate performance-based compensation costs, asset impairment charges, net gains (losses) on lease modifications, restructuring charges and certain non-recurring credits (charges), if any. We believe this segment reporting reflects how our business segments are managed and how each segment’s performance is evaluated by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and make resource allocation decisions. Information regarding these segments is summarized in “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 8 – Segment Information.”
Products
We derive our net revenue from the sale of GUESS?, G by GUESS (GbG), GUESS Kids and MARCIANO apparel and our licensees’ products through our worldwide network of directly-operated and licensed retail stores, wholesale customers and distributors, as well as our online sites. We also derive royalty revenue from worldwide licensing activities.
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Foreign Currency Volatility
Since the majority of our international operations are conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (primarily the British pound, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, euro, Japanese yen, Korean won, Mexican peso, Polish zloty, Russian rouble and Turkish lira), currency fluctuations can have a significant impact on the translation of our international revenues and earnings (loss) into U.S. dollars.
Some of our transactions, primarily those in Europe, Canada, South Korea, China, Hong Kong and Mexico, are denominated in U.S. dollars, Swiss francs, British pounds and Russian roubles, exposing them to exchange rate fluctuations when these transactions (such as inventory purchases or periodic lease payments) are converted to their functional currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates can impact the operating margins of our foreign operations and reported earnings (loss), and are largely dependent on the transaction timing and magnitude during the period that the currency fluctuates. When these foreign exchange rates weaken versus the U.S. dollar at the time the respective U.S. dollar denominated payment is made relative to the payments made in the comparable period, our product margins have been and could continue to be unfavorably impacted.
In addition, there are certain real estate leases denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the respective entity that entered into the agreement (primarily Swiss francs, Russian roubles and Polish zloty). As a result, we may be exposed to volatility related to unrealized gains or losses on the translation of present value of future lease payment obligations when translated at the exchange rate as of a reporting period-end.
During the first nine months of fiscal 2023, the average U.S. dollar rate was stronger against the euro, British pound, Turkish lira, Polish Slotzy, Canadian dollar, Japanese yen, Korean won, Mexican peso, and Chinese yuan and weaker against the Russian rouble, compared to the average rate in the same prior-year period. This had an overall unfavorable impact on the translation of our international revenues and on earnings from operations for the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year periods.
For the remainder of fiscal 2023, if the U.S. dollar remains relatively strong against fiscal 2022 foreign exchange rates, foreign exchange could negatively impact our revenues and operating results, as well as our international cash and other balance sheet items, particularly in Canada, Europe (primarily the euro, Turkish lira, British Pound and Russian rouble) and Mexico. Alternatively, if the U.S. dollar weakens relative to the respective fiscal 2022 foreign exchange rates, our revenues and operating results, as well as our other cash balance sheet items, could be positively impacted by foreign currency fluctuations during the remainder of fiscal 2023, particularly in these regions. At roughly prevailing exchange rates, we do expect currencies to continue to represent a significant headwind to revenues, operating profit and margin for the remainder of the fiscal year.
We enter into derivative financial instruments to offset some, but not all, of the exchange risk on foreign currency transactions. For additional discussion regarding our exposure to foreign currency risk, forward contracts designated as hedging instruments and forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, refer to “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Inflation Impacts
Our financial results have been and may continue to be impacted by inflationary pressures affecting our overall cost structure, including transportation, employee compensation, raw materials and other costs. We estimate certain of our costs are impacted by inflation and other factors as follows:
Transportation. Our inbound and outbound transportation costs vary by the method of shipping, including air, ocean and ground. Each of these methods may be impacted by various factors, including inflation and other considerations, such as an imbalance between the overall freight capacity on the marketplace and demand. The increase in our transportation costs was primarily attributable to higher inbound freight costs.
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Employee Compensation. We have been impacted by the ongoing shortage of available qualified candidates for employment, as well as increases in compensation to attract and retain employees. We continue to evaluate our compensation and benefit offerings to be competitive with the current market and evaluate strategies to be more effective and efficient at all levels within the organization, including how to best serve our customers.
Raw Materials. The costs of raw materials for our products have increased, both as a result of inflation and our ongoing initiatives to improve the quality and sustainability of our products. In addition, because a significant portion of our products are manufactured in other countries, declines in the relative value of local currencies versus the U.S. dollar have exacerbated many of these pricing pressures.
We seek to minimize the impact of inflation by continuously optimizing our supply chain, including logistics, as well as efficiently managing our workforce. It is difficult to determine the portion of cost increases solely attributable to inflation versus other factors, such as the cost of improvements to our products and imbalances in the supply chain.
These increased costs have negatively impacted our margins and expenses. Continued inflationary and other pressures could further impact our gross margin and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales if the sales price of our products does not increase with higher costs. Furthermore, prolonged inflationary conditions could have an adverse impact on consumer discretionary spending, which could negatively impact our sales and results in the future. In addition, inflation could materially increase the interest rates on any future debt we may incur.
We expect inflationary pressures will persist in the near term. The extent to which such pressures may impact our business depends on many factors, including our customers’ ability and willingness to accept price increases, our ability to improve our margins, and potential downward pricing pressures if our competitors do not also raise their prices. Please refer to “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on the potential impacts and risk associated with inflation.
Russia-Ukraine Conflict
We are currently operating in Russia through our wholesale and retail channels and we have immaterial wholesale operations through local wholesale partners in Belarus and Ukraine. Our operations in Russia are operated primarily through Guess? CIS, LLC (“Guess CIS”), a majority-owned Russian subsidiary in which we had a 70% interest as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022. Guess CIS currently operates 44 retail stores in Russia and acts as a distributor for our wholesale partners in Russia. We also operate in Russia through other local wholesale partners and by selling directly to retail customers through our European online store. Prior to February 2022, we also sold directly to retail customers in Ukraine and Belarus through our European online store.
Our operations in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine represented less than 3% of our total revenue for the year ended January 29, 2022 and 3% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022, with our operations in Russia comprising over 90% of this total revenue. As of October 29, 2022, our total assets in Russia, all of which are held by Guess CIS, represented less than 2% of our total assets, consisting primarily of leasehold right of use assets, store inventory, furnishings and fixtures, and receivables. We only maintain inventory in Russia in an amount sufficient for operating our Russian retail stores. We do not maintain inventory or hold any other significant assets in Belarus or Ukraine. We do not rely, directly or indirectly, on goods sourced in Russia, Belarus or Ukraine. Other than such labor and services necessary to conduct our direct operations in Russia in the ordinary course of business, we do not rely, directly or indirectly, on services sourced in Russia, Belarus or Ukraine.
There has been no material impact to our existing operations as a result of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, although we are limited in our ability to expand our business in Russia due to the U.S. ban on new investments in Russia described below under “―Impact of Sanctions and Trade Restrictions.” With respect to our supply and distribution channels, we have experienced increased costs and transit times associated with deliveries related to our Russia operations, due in part to new procedures and sanctions screening implemented in
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response to the conflict in Ukraine and the imposition of related sanctions. These costs and delays have not materially impacted our business or results of operations. Additionally, retail deliveries for online orders to Ukraine and Belarus have been suspended since February 2022 due to increased logistics costs and other difficulties in delivering to these regions. While we intend to re-open online orders to Ukraine and Belarus when appropriate, the suspension of these shipments has not had, and is not anticipated to have, a material impact on our business or results of operations. Our wholesale partner in Ukraine partially suspended its operations at the outset of the conflict; however, sales were re-opened in July 2022, and our business and results of operations were not materially impacted.
In connection with our investment in Guess CIS, we are party to a put arrangement with respect to the securities that represent the remaining noncontrolling interest for Guess CIS (the “Put Option”). The Put Option provides the noncontrolling interest holder of Guess CIS, a non-sanctioned Russian citizen (the “Minority Holder”), the right to compel us, through a wholly-owned European subsidiary, to purchase the remaining 30% of the total outstanding equity interest of Guess CIS at its sole discretion by providing written notice to us during the period after December 28, 2020, the fifth anniversary of the agreement, through December 31, 2025. The redemption value of the Put Option is based on a multiple of Guess CIS’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, subject to certain adjustments. The carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest related to the put arrangement was €8.0 million ($8.0 million) as of October 29, 2022. In November 2022, the Minority Holder exercised the Put Option, triggering a contractual obligation for us to purchase the Minority Holder’s 30% interest in Guess CIS. Following a comprehensive review of the various economic sanctions imposed by the United States and European governments with respect to Russia earlier this year and obtaining guidance from the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), we have determined that our acquisition of the Minority Holder’s 30% interest in Guess CIS pursuant to our pre-sanctions contractual obligations to fulfill the Minority Holder’s exercise of the Put Option is not prohibited by current economic sanctions, including the U.S. ban on new investment in Russia. As such, we expect to fulfill our pre-sanctions contractual obligation to purchase the Minority Holder’s interest as required by the terms of the Guess CIS agreements entered into during fiscal 2016 with the Minority Holder. The purchase is currently expected to be completed by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2024.
In addition, pursuant to an agreement entered into in 2018, our European subsidiary, Guess Europe SAGL has also counter guaranteed up to $900,000 of Guess CIS’s obligations under its local Russian guarantee line, as required by certain lease agreements.
Impact of Sanctions and Trade Restrictions
Our Russian operations are subject to various sanctions and export control measures targeting Russia, Belarus, and the Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine (Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk). These measures include: (i) blocking sanctions prohibiting dealings with various Russian senior government officials, and companies in various sectors important to the Russian economy, including major Russian financial institutions; (ii) expanded sectoral sanctions related to designated Russian entities’ ability to raise capital; (iii) the disconnection of certain Russian and Belarusian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (“SWIFT”) financial messaging network; (iv) a ban on new investment in Russia; (v) a ban on the provision of certain accounting, trust formation and management consulting services; (vi) bans on the import into the United States of certain Russian origin products, including various energy products; (vii) bans on the conduct of business or investment activity in the Russian-controlled Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine; and (viii) restrictions on the export of various products to Russia and Belarus, including certain dual-use industrial and commercial products, and luxury goods. Additionally, certain logistics operators have imposed bans on direct air deliveries to Russia and restrictions on land deliveries to and from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, none of which have had a material impact on our operations to date. We assessed the applicability of these sanctions and trade restrictions based on internal assessments of relevant regulations and concluded our existing operations in Russia and Belarus have not been materially affected by these sanctions and trade restrictions, although we are limited from further expansion of our business in Russia. All of our
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deliveries (both wholesale and retail) undergo sanctions screening, including screening for maximum product value of $300 and €300 per item and prevention of shipments to sanctioned final recipients.
Our assessment of the impact of the various sanctions and export control measures targeting Russia, Belarus and the Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine is subject to the following uncertainties and assumptions:
•The duration and extent of the armed conflict in Ukraine;
•The impact of sanctions and trade restrictions targeting Russia and Belarus, and the possibility that such sanctions or trade restrictions may be expanded, or new sanctions or trade restrictions may be imposed;
•Significant exchange rate fluctuation related to the Russian rouble during the first months of the conflict and the possibility of significant exchange rate volatility in the future;
•Potential disruptions of normal cash flow resulting from the removal of Russian and Belarusian banks from the SWIFT financial messaging network and regulations of the Russian and Belarusian governments;
•Disruptions of transport access to and from Russia, Belarus or Ukraine; and
•The suspension of our online retail shipments to Belarus and Ukraine.
We continue to assess all of our operations in Russia to ensure compliance with applicable sanctions, including most notably the U.S. ban on new investment in Russia.
See Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our business may also be affected by existing or future sanctions and export controls targeting Russia and other responses to Russia's invasion of Ukraine for additional information.
We are actively monitoring the situation in Ukraine. While the extent to which our future operations in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine will be impacted by the ongoing conflict is impossible to predict, the impact is not expected to be material to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Strategy
In March 2021, Carlos Alberini, our Chief Executive Officer, shared his updated strategic vision and implementation plan for execution, which included several key priorities to drive revenue and operating profit growth. These priorities are: (i) brand relevancy and brand elevation; (ii) product excellence; (iii) customer centricity; (iv) global footprint; and (v) functional capabilities; each as further described below:
Brand Relevancy and Brand Elevation. We continue to optimize our brand architecture to be relevant with our three target consumer groups: Heritage, Millennials, and Generation Z. We have developed and launched one global line of product for all categories. We seek to elevate our Guess and Marciano brands and improve the quality and sustainability of our products, allowing us to realize more full-priced sales and rely less on promotional activity. We continue to use unique go-to-market strategies and execute celebrity and influencer partnerships and collaborations as we believe that they are critical to engage more effectively with a younger and broader audience.
Product Excellence. We believe product is a key factor of success in our business. We strive to design and make great products and will extend our product offering to provide our customers with products for the different occasions of their lifestyles. We will seek to better address local product needs.
Customer Centricity. We continue to place the customer at the center of everything we do. We plan to implement processes and platforms to provide our customers with a seamless omni-channel experience and expand our digital business.
Global Footprint. We continue to expand the reach of our brands by optimizing the productivity and profitability of our current footprint and expanding our distribution channels.
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Functional Capabilities. We continue to drive operational improvements to leverage and support our global business more effectively, primarily in the areas of logistics, sourcing, product development and production, inventory management, and overall infrastructure.
Capital Allocation
We plan to continue to prioritize capital allocation toward investments that support growth and infrastructure, while remaining highly disciplined in the way we allocate capital across projects, including new store development, store remodels, technology and logistics investments and others. When we prioritize investments, we will focus on their strategic significance and their return on invested capital expectations. We also plan to manage product buys and inventory ownership rigorously and optimize overall working capital management consistently. In addition, we plan to continue to return value to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases, as appropriate.
During fiscal 2022, the Board of Directors terminated our previous 2012 $500 million share repurchase program (which had $47.8 million capacity remaining) and authorized a new $200 million share repurchase program. On March 14, 2022, the Board of Directors expanded the repurchase authorization by $100 million, leaving an available capacity of $249 million at that time. On March 18, 2022, in connection with this expanded authorization, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the "2022 ASR Contract) with a financial institution (in such capacity, the "2022 ASR Counterparty") to repurchase an aggregate $175 million of our common stock. Under the 2022 ASR Contract, we made a payment of $175 million to the 2022 ASR Counterparty and received an initial delivery of approximately 3.3 million shares of our common stock on March 21, 2022. We received a final settlement of an additional 5.2 million shares under the 2022 ASR Contract on June 24, 2022. Refer to “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 4 – Stockholders' Equity” for further information on the 2022 ASR Contract. During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, we also repurchased approximately 0.5 million shares of our common stock in open market transactions totaling $11.7 million, all of which occurred during the six months ended July 30, 2022.
Comparable Store Sales
We report National Retail Federation calendar comparable store sales on a quarterly basis for our retail businesses which include the combined results from our brick-and-mortar retail stores and our e-commerce sites. We also separately report the impact of e-commerce sales on our comparable store sales metric. As a result of our omni-channel strategy, our e-commerce business has become strongly intertwined with our brick-and-mortar retail store business. Therefore, we believe that the inclusion of e-commerce sales in our comparable store sales metric provides a more meaningful representation of our retail results.
Sales from our brick-and-mortar retail stores include purchases that are initiated, paid for and fulfilled at our retail stores and directly-operated concessions as well as merchandise that is reserved online but paid for and picked up at our retail stores. Sales from our e-commerce sites include purchases that are initiated and paid for online and shipped from either our distribution centers or our retail stores as well as purchases that are initiated in a retail store, but due to inventory availability at the retail store, are ordered and paid for online and shipped from our distribution centers or picked up from a different retail store.
Store sales are considered comparable after the store has been open for 13 full fiscal months. If a store remodel results in a square footage change of more than 15%, or involves a relocation or a change in store concept, the store sales are removed from the comparable store base until the store has been opened at its new size, in its new location or under its new concept for 13 full fiscal months. Stores that are permanently closed or temporarily closed (including as a result of pandemic-related closures) for more than seven days in any fiscal month are excluded from the calculation in the fiscal month that they are closed. E-commerce sales are considered comparable after the online site has been operational in a country for 13 full fiscal months and exclude any related revenue from shipping fees. These criteria are consistent with the metric used by management for internal reporting and analysis to measure performance of the store or online sites. Definitions and calculations of comparable store sales used by us may differ from similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
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Other
We operate on a 52/53-week fiscal year calendar which ends on the Saturday nearest to January 31 of each year. The nine months ended October 29, 2022 had the same number of days as the nine months ended October 30, 2021.
Executive Summary
Overview
Net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. decreased 26.9% to $21.8 million, or diluted net earnings per share (“EPS”) of $0.34 per common share, for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to $29.9 million, or diluted EPS of $0.45 per common share, for the quarter ended October 30, 2021.
During the quarter ended October 29, 2022, we recognized $1.8 million in asset impairment charges; $0.1 million in net gains on lease modifications; $1.5 million for certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs; and $0.2 million for certain discrete income tax adjustments (or a combined $2.9 million positive impact after considering the related income tax benefit of $0.4 million); and we excluded the dilutive share impact of the Notes in our adjusted diluted EPS (or a combined $0.1 negative per share impact). Excluding the impact of these items, adjusted net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. was $24.7 million and adjusted diluted EPS was $0.44 per common share for the quarter ended October 29, 2022.
During the quarter ended October 30, 2021, we recognized $1.2 million in asset impairment charges; $3.0 million in net losses on lease modifications; $0.6 million for certain professional services and legal fees and related (credits) costs; $2.8 million of amortization of debt discount related to our Notes; and $5.9 million in additional income tax expense from certain discrete income tax adjustments related primarily to an intra-entity transfer of intellectual property rights to a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary (or a combined $11.7 million, or $0.17 per share, negative impact after considering the related income tax benefit of these adjustments of $1.7 million). Excluding the impact of these items, adjusted net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. was $41.6 million and adjusted diluted EPS was $0.62 per common share for the quarter ended October 30, 2021. References to financial results excluding the impact of these items are non-GAAP measures and are addressed below under “Non-GAAP Measures.”
Highlights of our performance for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter are presented below, followed by a more comprehensive discussion under “Results of Operations”:
Operations
•Total net revenue decreased 1.5% to $633.4 million for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to $643.1 million in the same prior-year quarter. In constant currency, net revenue increased by 10.4%.
•Gross margin (gross profit as a percentage of total net revenue) decreased 320 basis points to 42.5% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to 45.7% in the same prior-year quarter.
•Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses as a percentage of total net revenue (“SG&A rate”) decreased 120 basis points to 33.6% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to 34.8% in the same prior-year quarter. SG&A expenses decreased 4.8% to $212.9 million for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to $223.8 million in the same prior-year quarter.
•During the quarter ended October 29, 2022, we recognized $1.8 million of asset impairment charges, compared to $1.2 million in the same prior-year quarter.
•During the quarter ended October 29, 2022, we recorded $0.1 million net gains on lease modifications, compared to $3.0 million net losses in the same prior-year quarter.
•Operating margin decreased 160 basis points to 8.6% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to 10.2% in the same prior-year quarter. The decrease in operating margin was mainly driven by 180 basis points from currency headwinds, 160 basis points from higher expenses and 130 basis points from higher markdowns, partially offset by 240 basis points from leveraging of expenses. Earnings from operations
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decreased 16.6% to $54.8 million for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to $65.7 million in the same prior-year quarter.
•Other expense, net, totaled $15.2 million for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to $7.8 million in the same prior-year quarter.
•The effective income tax rate decreased by 7.1% to 31.6% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, compared to 38.7% in the same prior-year quarter.
Key Balance Sheet Accounts
•We had $174.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and no restricted cash as of October 29, 2022 compared to $391.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and $0.2 million in restricted cash at October 30, 2021.
◦As of October 29, 2022, we had $29.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our term loans and $123.2 million in outstanding borrowings under our credit facilities compared to $52.3 million in outstanding borrowings under our term loans and $7.1 million in outstanding borrowings under our credit facilities as of October 30, 2021.
◦During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, we made a payment of $175.0 million for share repurchases under the 2022 ASR Contract. During the nine months ended October 30, 2021, there were no share repurchases.
•Accounts receivable consists of trade receivables relating primarily to our wholesale business in Europe and, to a lesser extent, to our wholesale businesses in the Americas and Asia, royalty receivables relating to our licensing operations, credit card and retail concession receivables related to our retail businesses and certain other receivables. Accounts receivable decreased by $2.0 million, or 0.6%, to $319.3 million as of October 29, 2022 compared to $321.3 million at October 30, 2021. On a constant currency basis, accounts receivable increased by $46.2 million, or 14.4%, when compared to October 30, 2021.
•Inventory increased by $92.1 million, or 19.1%, to $574.6 million as of October 29, 2022, from $482.5 million at October 30, 2021. On a constant currency basis, inventory increased by $160.8 million, or 33.3%, when compared to October 30, 2021. The increase was mainly driven by our initiative to mitigate supply chain disruptions by ordering products earlier as well as the impact of higher average unit costs due to the elevation of the quality of our products, our investments in sustainability and inflationary pressures.
Global Store Count
During the quarter ended October 29, 2022, together with our partners, we opened 23 new stores worldwide, consisting of 11 stores in Europe and the Middle East, eight stores in Asia and the Pacific, and four stores in the Americas. Together with our partners, we closed 24 stores worldwide, consisting of seven stores in Europe and the Middle East, 12 stores in Asia and the Pacific, and five stores in the Americas.
We ended the third quarter of fiscal 2023 with stores and concessions worldwide comprised as follows:

|  | Stores |  | Concessions
Region |  | Total |  | Directly-Operated |  | Partner Operated |  | Total |  | Directly-Operated |  | Partner Operated
United States |  | 242 |  |  | 242 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Canada |  | 72 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Central and South America |  | 103 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |
Total Americas |  | 417 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |
Europe and the Middle East |  | 799 |  |  | 561 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |
Asia and the Pacific |  | 414 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 124 |
Total |  | 1,630 |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 124 |

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Of the total stores, 1,344 were GUESS? stores, 188 were GUESS? Accessories stores, 59 were G by GUESS (GbG) stores and 39 were MARCIANO stores.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021
Consolidated Results
The following presents our condensed consolidated statements of income (in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | $ change | % change |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | $ | 633,403 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 643,070 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | (9,667) |  | (1.5 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product sales | 364,032 |  |  | 57.5 | % |  | 349,466 |  |  | 54.3 | % |  | 14,566 |  | 4.2 | % |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 269,371 |  |  | 42.5 | % |  | 293,604 |  |  | 45.7 | % |  | (24,233) |  | (8.3 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 212,927 |  |  | 33.6 | % |  | 223,775 |  |  | 34.8 | % |  | (10,848) |  | (4.8 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Asset impairment charges | 1,789 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 1,152 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | 637 |  | 55.3 | % |  |  |  |  |
Net (gains) losses on lease modifications | (146) |  |  | (0.0 | %) |  | 3,006 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | (3,152) |  | (104.9 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from operations | 54,801 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 65,671 |  |  | 10.2 | % |  | (10,870) |  | (16.6 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (2,817) |  |  | (0.4 | %) |  | (5,063) |  |  | (0.8 | %) |  | 2,246 |  | (44.4 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Other expense, net | (15,211) |  |  | (2.4 | %) |  | (7,800) |  |  | (1.2 | %) |  | (7,411) |  | 95.0 | % |  |  |  |  |
Earnings before income tax expense | 36,773 |  |  | 5.8 | % |  | 52,808 |  |  | 8.2 | % |  | (16,035) |  | (30.4 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | 11,616 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 20,441 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | (8,825) |  | (43.2 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | 25,157 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | 32,367 |  |  | 5.0 | % |  | (7,210) |  | (22.3 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests | 3,322 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | 2,487 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | 835 |  | 33.6 | % |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. | $ | 21,835 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | $ | 29,880 |  |  | 4.6 | % |  | $ | (8,045) |  | (26.9 | %) |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.40 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.06) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.34 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective income tax rate | 31.6 | % |  |  |  | 38.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Net Revenue. Net revenue decreased by $10 million, or 2% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our non-U.S. operations unfavorably impacted net revenue by $76 million compare d to the same prior-year quarter. In constant currency, net revenue increased by 10%. Roughly 45% of the increase in constant currency net revenue was driven by higher wholesale shipments, slightly over 30% was due to positive store comparable sales and roughly 20% was due to net new store openings.
Gross Margin. Gross margin decreased by 3.2% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarte r, driven by a 240 basis point decrease in product margin and an 80 basis point increase in occupancy rate. The lower product margin was due to the unfavorable 130 basis point impacts from each of currency headwinds and higher markdowns. The higher occupancy rate was due to a 50 basis point unfavorable impact from higher store occupancy costs and a 20 basis point unfavorable impact from lower rent relief.
Gross Profit. Gross profit decreased $24 million for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. The decrease in gross profit was driven by $35 million of unfavorable impact from currency translation, $9 million due to higher markdowns, $8 million from unfavorable currency transactional
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impacts and $4 million from higher store occupancy expense, partially offset by $33 million of favorable impact due to higher revenues in constant currency.
Distribution costs include labor, inbound freight charges, purchasing costs and related overhead. Distribution costs related to supplying inventory to store locations within our retail business are included in cost of product sales. We also include net royalties received on our inventory purchases of licensed product as a reduction to cost of product sales. We generally exclude wholesale-related distribution costs from gross margin, including them instead in SG&A expenses. Additionally, we include retail store occupancy costs in cost of product sales. As a result, our gross margin may not be comparable to that of other entities. To ensure expenses are separated appropriately, we track activities at each distribution center location and record the costs associated with our shipments of goods either as cost of sales or as selling, general and administrative expenses, accordingly.
SG&A Rate. Our SG&A rate decreased 1.2% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter. The favorable change in SG&A rate was mainly driven by 210 basis points of expense leverage due to higher revenues in constant currency and 190 basis points of lower performance-based compensation, partially offset by the impact of higher SG&A expenses described below.
SG&A Expenses. SG&A expenses decreased $11 million for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter. The decrease in SG&A expenses was mainly driven by the favorable impact from currency translation and $13 million of lower performance-based compensation, partially offset by $8 million of higher variable expenses driven by higher revenues in constant currency and $14 million of higher expenses, including store selling expenses. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our foreign operations favorably impacted SG&A expenses by $23 million.
Asset Impairment Charges. During the quarter ended October 29, 2022, we recognized $1.8 million of property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets impairment charges related to certain retail locations resulting from under-performance and expected store closures. During the quarter ended October 30, 2021, we recognized $1.2 million for the impairment of certain operating lease ROU assets and property and equipment related to certain retail locations resulting from lower revenue and future cash flow projections from the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and expected store closures.
Net (Gains) Losses on Lease Modifications. During the quarters ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, we recorded net gains of $0.1 million and net losses of $3.0 million on lease modifications, respectively, related primarily to the early termination of lease agreements for certain retail locations.
Operating Margin. Operating margin decreased 1.6% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. The decrease in operating margin was mainly driven by 180 basis points from currency headwinds, 160 basis points from higher expenses and 130 basis points from higher markdowns, partially offset by 240 basis points from leveraging of expens es. Excluding the impact of asset impairment charges, certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs and net gains (losses) on lease modifications, our operating margin would have decreased 1.8% compared to the same prior-year quarter.
Earnings from Operations. Earnings from operations decreased by $11 million for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our foreign operations unfavorably impacted earnings from operations by $12 million.
Other Expense, Net. Other expense, net for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 was $15 million compared to $8 million in the same prior-year quarter. The change was primarily due to net unrealized losses on our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) related assets compared to net unrealized gains in the same prior-year quarter and, to a lesser extent, higher unrealized losses from foreign currency exposures compared to the same prior-year quarter.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 was $12 million, or a 31.6% effective income tax rate, compared to $20 million, or a 38.7% effective income tax rate in the same prior-year quarter. Generally, income tax expense for the interim periods is computed using the income tax rate estimated to be applicable for the full fiscal year, adjusted for discrete items, which is subject to ongoing
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review and evaluation by management. The change in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to a decrease in earnings, which included losses in certain tax jurisdictions for which we did not recognize an income tax benefit, in fiscal 2023 compared to the same prior-year period.
Net Earnings Attributable to Guess?, Inc. Net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. decreased $8 million for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. Diluted EPS decreased $0.11 for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. We estimate a net positive impact of $0.07 from our adoption of the accounting guidance related to our Notes and share buybacks and a negative impact from currency of $0.22 on diluted EPS in the quarter ended October 29, 2022 when compared to the same prior-year quarter.
Refer to “Non-GAAP Measures” for an overview of our non-GAAP, or adjusted, financial results for the quarters ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021. Excluding the impact of these non-GAAP items, adjusted net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. decreased $17 million and adjusted diluted EPS decreased $0.18 for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. We estimate a net positive impact from our share buybacks of $0.07 and a negative impact from currency of $0.28 on adjusted diluted EPS in the quarter ended October 29, 2022 when compared to the same prior-year quarter.
Information by Business Segment
The following presents our net revenue and earnings (loss) from operations by segment (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | $ change |  | % change
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas Retail | $ | 165,603 |  |  | $ | 169,617 |  |  | $ | (4,014) |  |  | (2.4 | %)
Americas Wholesale | 53,181 |  |  | 58,999 |  |  | (5,818) |  |  | (9.9 | %)
Europe | 323,754 |  |  | 330,736 |  |  | (6,982) |  |  | (2.1 | %)
Asia | 63,118 |  |  | 57,137 |  |  | 5,981 |  |  | 10.5 | %
Licensing | 27,747 |  |  | 26,581 |  |  | 1,166 |  |  | 4.4 | %
Total net revenue | $ | 633,403 |  |  | $ | 643,070 |  |  | (9,667) |  |  | (1.5 | %)
Earnings (loss) from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas Retail | $ | 11,365 |  |  | $ | 24,070 |  |  | (12,705) |  |  | (52.8 | %)
Americas Wholesale | 10,229 |  |  | 17,316 |  |  | (7,087) |  |  | (40.9 | %)
Europe | 36,222 |  |  | 44,509 |  |  | (8,287) |  |  | (18.6 | %)
Asia | (5) |  |  | (2,399) |  |  | 2,394 |  |  | (99.8 | %)
Licensing | 24,849 |  |  | 24,402 |  |  | 447 |  |  | 1.8 | %
Total segment earnings from operations | 82,660 |  |  | 107,898 |  |  | (25,238) |  |  | (23.4 | %)
Corporate overhead | (26,216) |  |  | (38,069) |  |  | 11,853 |  |  | (31.1 | %)
Asset impairment charges | (1,789) |  |  | (1,152) |  |  | (637) |  |  | 55.3 | %
Net gains (losses) on lease modifications | 146 |  |  | (3,006) |  |  | 3,152 |  |  | (104.9 | %)
Total earnings from operations | $ | 54,801 |  |  | $ | 65,671 |  |  | $ | (10,870) |  |  | (16.6 | %)
Operating margins: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas Retail | 6.9 | % |  | 14.2 | % |  |  |  |
Americas Wholesale | 19.2 | % |  | 29.3 | % |  |  |  |
Europe | 11.2 | % |  | 13.5 | % |  |  |  |
Asia | (0.0 | %) |  | (4.2 | %) |  |  |  |
Licensing | 89.6 | % |  | 91.8 | % |  |  |  |
Total Company | 8.6 | % |  | 10.2 | % |  |  |  |

Americas Retail
Net revenue from our Americas Retail segment decreased by $4 million, or 2%, for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our non-U.S. retail stores and e-commerce sites had an unfavorable impact on net revenue of $1.7 million. In constant
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currency, net revenue decreased by 1% compared to the same prior-year quarter. The decrease in net revenue in constant currency was primarily driven by the unfavorable impact of permanent store closures. Comparable sales (including e-commerce) decreased 1% in U.S. dollars and remained relatively flat in constant currency compared to the same prior-year quarter. The inclusion of our e-commerce sales had no impact on the comparable sales percentage in U.S. dollars and constant currency. As of October 29, 2022, we directly operated 383 stores in the Americas compared to 387 stores at October 30, 2021, excluding concessions, which represents a 1% decrease from the same prior-year quarter.
Operating margin decreased 7.3% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter. Approximately 250 basis points of the decrease was primarily driven by higher markdowns, 250 basis points was due to higher expenses, including higher store labor costs, 110 basis points was due to higher inventory obsolescence reserves, and 80 basis points was due to lower COVID-19 relief compared to the same prior-year quarter. This was partially offset by 200 basis points of favorable impact from higher initial markups.
Earnings from operations from our Americas Retail segment decreased by $13 million, or 53%, for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter. The decrease was primarily driven by $4 million of higher markdowns, $4 million of higher expenses, including higher store labor costs, $2 million of higher inventory obsolescence reserves, and $1 million of lower COVID-19 relief compared to the same prior-year quarter. This was partially offset by a $3 million increase driven by higher initial markups.
Americas Wholesale
Net revenue from our Americas Wholesale segment decreased by $5.8 million, or 10%, for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our non-U.S. wholesale businesses had an unfavorable impact on net revenue of $0.7 million. In constant currency, net revenue decreased by 9%. The decrease in net revenues in constant currency was driven by lower shipments in our U.S. wholesale business.
Operating margin decreased 10.1% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarte r. The decrease in operating margin was mainly driven by a decrease of 600 basis points due to higher markdowns and a decrease of 400 basis points due to higher expenses.
Earnings from operations from our Americas Wholesale segment decreased by $7 million, or 41% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from t he same prior-year quarter, mainly driven by $3 million of higher markdowns and $2 million for each of higher expenses and lower revenues.
Europe
Net revenue from our Europe segment decreased by $7 million, or 2%, for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. Currency translation fluctuations had an unfavorable impact on net revenue of $64 million. In constant currency, net revenue increased by 17%. The increase in net revenue in constant currency was mainly driven by $33 million higher wholesale revenue, $19 million from positive comparable store sales and $8 million in net new store openings. Comparable sales (including e-commerce) decreased 8% in U.S. dollars and increased 9% in constant currency compared to the same prior-year quarter. The inclusion of our e-commerce sales negatively impacted the comparable sales percentage by 4% in U.S. dollars and 6% in constant currency. Our retail sales in Turkey, a relatively small market, had an outsized impact on our comparable sales (including e-commerce) for the quarter ended October 29, 2022, contributing a positive impact of 2% in U.S. dollars and 7% in constant currency, largely due to the current hyper-inflation environment in Turkey. As of October 29, 2022, we directly operated 561 stores in Europe compared to 540 stores at October 30, 2021, excluding concessions, which represents a 4% increase from the same prior-year quarter.
Operating margin decreased 2.3% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. The decrease in operating margin was driven by 330 basis points of unfavorable currency impact and
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220 basis points of higher expenses, partially offset by 380 basis points favorable impact of higher revenues in constant currency.
Earnings from operations from our Europe segment decreased by $8 million, or 19% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quarter. The decrease in operating profit was mainly driven by $20 million of unfavorable currency impacts, including $12 million of unfavorable translation impact, and $8 million of higher expenses, partially offset by the $23 million favorable impact of higher revenues.
Asia
Net revenue from our Asia segment increased by $6 million, or 10% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter. Currency translation fluctuations had an unfavorable impact on net revenue of $10 million. In constant currency, net revenue increased by 28%. The increase in net revenue in constant currency was mainly driven by $7 million due to net new store openings, including stores we recently acquired from our wholesale partners in Korea, $4 million of higher e-commerce revenues and $3 million due to each of positive comparable store sales and higher wholesale shipments. Comparable sales (including e-commerce) decreased 2% in U.S. dollars and increased 13% in constant currency compared to the same prior-year quarter. The inclusion of our e-commerce sales positively impacted the comparable sales percentage by 2% in U.S. dollars and constant currency.
Operating margin increased 4.2% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter, mainly driven by leveraging of expenses.
Loss from operations from our Asia segment decreased by $2 million, or 100%, for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quart er, mainly driven by the impact of higher revenues. Cu rrency translation fluctuations relating to our Asia operations unfavorably impacted the loss from operations by $0.4 million.
Licensing
Net royalty revenue from our Licensing segment increased by $1 million, or 4%, for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter, mainly driven by higher royalties in our handbag category.
Earnings from operations from our Licensing segment increased by 2% for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year quarter.
Corporate Overhead
Unallocated corporate overhead decreased by $12 million, or 31%, for the quarter ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year quart er, primarily due to lower performance-based compensation.
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Nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021
Consolidated Results
The following presents our condensed consolidated statements of income (in thousands, except per share data):

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | $ change | % change
Net revenue | $ | 1,869,566 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,791,696 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 77,870 |  | 4.3 | %
Cost of product sales | 1,082,545 |  |  | 57.9 | % |  | 992,448 |  |  | 55.4 | % |  | 90,097 |  | 9.1 | %
Gross profit | 787,021 |  |  | 42.1 | % |  | 799,248 |  |  | 44.6 | % |  | (12,227) |  | (1.5 | %)
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 638,801 |  |  | 34.2 | % |  | 616,076 |  |  | 34.4 | % |  | 22,725 |  | 3.7 | %
Asset impairment charges | 5,252 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 3,094 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | 2,158 |  | 69.7 | %
Net (gains) losses on lease modifications | (1,654) |  |  | (0.1 | %) |  | 441 |  |  | 0.0 | % |  | (2,095) |  | (475.1 | %)
Earnings from operations | 144,622 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | 179,637 |  |  | 10.0 | % |  | (35,015) |  | (19.5 | %)
Interest expense, net | (8,112) |  |  | (0.4 | %) |  | (16,163) |  |  | (0.9 | %) |  | 8,051 |  | (49.8 | %)
Other expense, net | (40,716) |  |  | (2.2 | %) |  | (11,502) |  |  | (0.6 | %) |  | (29,214) |  | 254.0 | %
Earnings before income tax expense | 95,794 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | 151,972 |  |  | 8.5 | % |  | (56,178) |  | (37.0 | %)
Income tax expense | 32,743 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | 43,588 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | (10,845) |  | (24.9 | %)
Net earnings | 63,051 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | 108,384 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | (45,333) |  | (41.8 | %)
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests | 9,284 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | 5,436 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 3,848 |  | 70.8 | %
Net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. | $ | 53,767 |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | $ | 102,948 |  |  | 5.8 | % |  | $ | (49,181) |  | (47.8 | %)
Net earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.93 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.58 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.65) |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.80 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.55 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.75) |  |
Effective income tax rate | 34.2 | % |  |  |  | 28.7 | % |  |  |  |  |

Net Revenue. Net revenue increased by $78 million or 4%, compared to the same prior-year period. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our non-U.S. operations unfavorably impacted net revenue by $170.1 million compare d to the same prior-year period. In constant currency, net revenue increased by 14%. Roughly 40% of the increase in constant currency net revenue was driven by higher wholesale revenue, nearly 25% from the operation of stores in the current year period that had been temporarily closed in the same prior-year period, and 15% from each of positive store comparable sales and net new store openings.
Gross Margin. Gross margin decreased 2.5% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. The decrease in gross margin was mainly driven by lower product margin. The product margin decrease was mainly driven by 110 basis points due to higher markdowns and 100 basis points due to unfavorable currency impacts. Overall, occupancy rate increased 30 basis points mainly driven by lower COVID relief compared to the same prior-year period and higher occupancy costs, partially offset by leveraging of expenses.
Gross Profit. Gross profit decreased $12 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year perio d. The decrease in gross profit was driven by $94 million due to the unfavorable impact
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of currency, including $78 million of unfavorable currency translational impact, $22 million of higher markdowns, $11 million of lower COVID relief compared to the prior year, partially offset by the $125 million impact of higher revenues in constant currency.
Distribution costs include labor, inbound freight charges, purchasing costs and related overhead. Distribution costs related to supplying inventory to store locations within our retail business are included in cost of product sales. We also include net royalties received on our inventory purchases of licensed product as a reduction to cost of product sales. We generally exclude wholesale-related distribution costs from gross margin, including them instead in SG&A expenses. Additionally, we include retail store occupancy costs in cost of product sales. As a result, our gross margin may not be comparable to that of other entities. To ensure expenses are separated appropriately, we track activities at each distribution center location and record the costs associated with our shipments of goods either as cost of sales or as selling, general and administrative expenses, accordingly.
SG&A Rate. Our SG&A rate decreased 0.2% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year period. The favorable change in SG&A rate was due to a 250 basis point impact of higher revenues in constant currency and 70 basis points of lower performance-based compensation, partially offset by 210 basis points of higher SG&A expenses described below, including store labor costs.
SG&A Expenses. SG&A expenses increased by $23 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year period. Th e increase in SG&A expenses was mainly driven by $43 million of higher expenses, including store labor costs, and $34 million rela ted to revenue growth, partially offset by the favorable impact of currency translation fluctuations of $52 million and $14 million of lower performance-based compensation.
Asset Impairment Charges. During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, we recognized $5.3 million of property and equipment and operating lease ROU assets impairment charges related to certain retail locations resulting from under-performance and expected store closures. During the nine months ended October 30, 2021, we recognized $3.1 million for the impairment of certain operating lease ROU assets and property and equipment related to certain retail locations resulting from lower revenue and future cash flow projections from the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and expected store closures.
Net (Gains) Losses on Lease Modifications. During the nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, we recorded net gains of $1.7 million and net losses of $0.4 million on lease modifications, respectively, related primarily to the early termination of lease agreements for certain retail locations.
Operating Margin. Operating margin decreased 2.3% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-yea r period. The decrease in operating margin was driven by a 210 basis point impact from higher expenses, including store labor costs, a 140 basis point unfavorable impact from currency translation, a 110 basis point impact from higher markdowns, and a 60 basis point impact from lower rent relief and government subsidies, partially offset by 320 basis points of leveraging of expenses from higher revenues. Higher expenses related to certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs unfavorably impacted operating margin by 30 basis points. Excluding the impact of asset impairment charges, certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs and net gains (losses) on lease modifications, our operating margin would have decreased 2.0% compared to the same prior-year period.
Earnings from Operations. Earnings from operations decreased by $35 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our foreign operations unfavorably impacted earnings from operations by $26 million.
Other Expense, Net. Other expense, net for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 was $41 million compared to $12 million in the same prior-year period. The change was primarily due to higher net unrealized and realized losses from foreign currency exposures and, to a lesser extent, net unrealized losses on our SERP related assets compared to net unrealized gains in the same prior-year period.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 was $33 million, or a 34.2% effective income tax rate, compared to income tax expense of $44 million, or a 28.7% effective income
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tax rate in the same prior-year period. Generally, income tax expense for the interim periods is computed using the income tax rate estimated to be applicable for the full fiscal year, adjusted for discrete items, which is subject to ongoing review and evaluation by management. The change in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to a decrease in earnings, which included losses in certain tax jurisdictions for which we did not recognize an income tax benefit, in fiscal 2023 compared to the same prior-year period.
Net Earnings Attributable to Guess?, Inc. Net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. decreased $49 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. Diluted EPS decreased $0.75 for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. We estimate a net positive impact from our adoption of new accounting guidance related to our Notes and share buybacks of $0.16 and a negative impact from currency of $0.53 on diluted EPS in the nine months ended October 29, 2022 when compared to the same prior-year period.
Refer to “Non-GAAP Measures” for an overview of our non-GAAP, or adjusted, financial results for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021. Excluding the impact of these non-GAAP items, adjusted net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. decreased $57 million and adjusted diluted EPS decreased $0.73 for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. We estimate a net positive impact from our share buybacks of $0.12 and a negative impact from currency of $0.61 on adjusted diluted EPS in the nine months ended October 29, 2022 when compared to the same prior-year period.
Information by Business Segment
The following presents our net revenue and earnings (loss) from operations by segment (in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | $ change |  | % change
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas Retail | $ | 513,743 |  |  | $ | 511,449 |  |  | $ | 2,294 |  |  | 0.4 | %
Americas Wholesale | 171,733 |  |  | 154,287 |  |  | 17,446 |  |  | 11.3 | %
Europe | 936,470 |  |  | 895,311 |  |  | 41,159 |  |  | 4.6 | %
Asia | 168,705 |  |  | 160,610 |  |  | 8,095 |  |  | 5.0 | %
Licensing | 78,915 |  |  | 70,039 |  |  | 8,876 |  |  | 12.7 | %
Total net revenue | $ | 1,869,566 |  |  | $ | 1,791,696 |  |  | 77,870 |  |  | 4.3 | %
Earnings (loss) from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas Retail | $ | 49,552 |  |  | $ | 82,260 |  |  | (32,708) |  |  | (39.8 | %)
Americas Wholesale | 39,068 |  |  | 41,815 |  |  | (2,747) |  |  | (6.6 | %)
Europe | 88,650 |  |  | 100,124 |  |  | (11,474) |  |  | (11.5 | %)
Asia | (6,792) |  |  | (9,054) |  |  | 2,262 |  |  | (25.0 | %)
Licensing | 70,499 |  |  | 63,987 |  |  | 6,512 |  |  | 10.2 | %
Total segment earnings from operations | 240,977 |  |  | 279,132 |  |  | (38,155) |  |  | (13.7 | %)
Corporate overhead | (92,757) |  |  | (95,960) |  |  | 3,203 |  |  | (3.3 | %)
Asset impairment charges | (5,252) |  |  | (3,094) |  |  | (2,158) |  |  | 69.7 | %
Net gains (losses) on lease modifications | 1,654 |  |  | (441) |  |  | 2,095 |  |  | (475.1 | %)
Total earnings from operations | $ | 144,622 |  |  | $ | 179,637 |  |  | $ | (35,015) |  |  | (19.5 | %)
Operating margins: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas Retail | 9.6 | % |  | 16.1 | % |  |  |  |
Americas Wholesale | 22.7 | % |  | 27.1 | % |  |  |  |
Europe | 9.5 | % |  | 11.2 | % |  |  |  |
Asia | (4.0 | %) |  | (5.6 | %) |  |  |  |
Licensing | 89.3 | % |  | 91.4 | % |  |  |  |
Total Company | 7.7 | % |  | 10.0 | % |  |  |  |

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Americas Retail
Net revenue from our Americas Retail segment increased by $2 million, or less than 1% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our non-U.S. retail stores and e-commerce sites had an unfavorable impact on net revenue of $3 million. In constant currency, net revenue increased by 1% compared to the same prior-year period. T he increase in net revenue in constant currency was driven by $17 million from the operation of stores during the current year period that had been temporarily closed in the same prior-year period. This was partially offset by $5 million of lower e-commerce sales and $2 million for each of negative comparable sales and net permanent store closures. Comparable sales (including e-commerce) decreased 2% in U.S. dollars and 1% in constant currency compared to the same prior-year period. The inclusion of our e-commerce sales decreased the comparable sales percentage by 1% in U.S. dollars and no impact in constant currency. As of October 29, 2022, we directly operated 383 stores in the Americas compared to 387 stores at October 30, 2021, excluding concessions, which represents a 1% decrease from the same prior-year period.
Operating margin decreased 6.5% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. Approximately 320 basis points of the decrease was driven by higher expenses, including higher store labor costs, 250 basis points was due to higher markdowns and 120 basis points was due to lower rent relief and lower government subsidies. This was partially offset by higher initial markups.
Earnings from operations from our Americas Retail segment decreased $33 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year p eriod. Higher expenses, including store selling costs, drove $17 million of the decrease, $13 million was due to higher markdowns and $6 million was due to lower rent relief and government subsidies. This was partially offset by higher initial markups.
Americas Wholesale
Net revenue from our Americas Wholesale segment increased by $17 million, or 11%, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year period. Approximately 75% of the increase in constant currency was driven by our Mexico wholesale business and approximately 30% from our Canada wholesale business, partially offset by lower shipments in our U.S. wholesale business. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our non-U.S. wholesale businesses had an unfavorable impact on net revenue of $1 million.
Operating margin decreased 4.4% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year period. The decrease in operating margin was mainly driven by 430 basis points of higher markdowns, partially offset by leverage from higher revenues.
Earnings from operations from our Americas Wholesale segment decreased by $3 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year period. Approximately $7 million of the decrease is due to higher markdowns, partially offset by the impact of higher revenues.
Europe
Net revenue from our Europe segment increased by $41 million, or 5%, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year period. In constant currency, net revenue increased by 21%. The increase was driven by $81 million of higher wholesale shipments, $46 million from the operation of stores in the current year period that had been temporarily closed in the same prior-year period, $36 million of positive store comparable sales and $23 million of net new store openings, partially offset by $146 million of unfavorable currency translation impact. Comparable sales (including e-commerce) decreased 6% in U.S. dollars and increased 8% in constant currency compared to the same prior-year period. The inclusion of our e-commerce sales decreased the comparable sales percentage by 3% in U.S. dollars and 5% in constant currency. Our retail sales in Turkey, a relatively small market, had an outsized impact on our comparable sales (including e-commerce) for the nine months ended October 29, 2022, contributing a positive impact of 1% in U.S. dollars and 4% in constant currency, largely due to the current hyper-inflation environment in Turkey. As of October 29, 2022, we directly operated 561 stores in Europe compared to 540 stores at October 30, 2021, excluding concessions, which represents a 4% increase from the same prior-year period.
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Operating margin decreased 1.7% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year perio d. The decrease in operating margin was mainly driven by 260 basis points from unfavorable currency impacts and 170 basis points from lower initial markups, partially offset by favorable leverage from higher revenues.
Earnings from operations from our Europe segment decreased by $11 million, or 11%, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. The decrease in operating profit was mainly driven by $42 million of unfavorable currency impacts, including a $26 million unfavorable translation impact, and an $18 million decrease in initial markups, partially offset by the favorable impact of higher revenues.
Asia
Net revenue from our Asia segment increased by $8 million, or 5%, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. In constant currency, net revenue increase d by 17%. The increase in net revenue in constant currency was driven by $17 million due to net new store openings, including stores we recently acquired from our wholesale partners in Korea, $7 million of higher e-commerce revenues and $5 million due to positive comparable store sales. Comparable sales (including e-commerce) decreased 5% in U.S. dollars and increased 5% in constant currency compared to the same prior-year period. The inclusion of our e-commerce sales negatively impacted the comparable sales percentage by 1% in U.S. dollars and constant currency. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our Asia n operations unfavorably impacted net revenue by $19 million.
Operating margin increased 1.6% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year period. The increase in operating margin was mainly driven by 480 basis points due to higher revenues partially offset by the impact of higher expenses.
Loss from operations from our Asia segment decreased by $2 million, or 25%, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year period. The decrease in losses was mainly driven by $7 million due to the impact of higher revenues, partially offset by higher expenses. Currency translation fluctuations relating to our Asia operations unfavorably impacted the loss from operations by $0.5 million.
Licensing
Net royalty revenue from our Licensing segment increased by $9 million, or 13%, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 com pared to the same prior-year period, mainly driven by higher royalties in our handbag category.
Earnings from operations from our Licensing segment increased by $7 million, or 10%, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year peri od. The increase was driven by the favorable impact to earnings from higher revenues.
Corporate Overhead
Unallocated corporate overhead decreased by $3 million, or 3%, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 from the same prior-year perio d, due to a decrease of $14 million in performance based compensation, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in expenses related to certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs, an increase of $4 million due to higher personnel costs and an increase of $1 million in advertising costs.
Non-GAAP Measures
The financial information presented in this Quarterly Report includes non-GAAP financial measures, such as adjusted results and constant currency financial information. For the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, the adjusted results exclude the impact of certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs, asset impairment charges, net (gains) losses on lease modifications, non-cash amortization of debt discount on our Notes, the related income tax impacts of these adjustments, the impact from changes in the income tax law on deferred income taxes in certain tax jurisdictions, net income tax
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settlements and adjustments to specific uncertain income tax positions, as well as certain discrete income tax adjustments related primarily to an intra-entity transfer of intellectual property rights to a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary, in each case where applicable. These non-GAAP measures are provided in addition to, and not as alternatives for, our reported GAAP results.
These items affect the comparability of our reported results. The financial results are also presented on a non-GAAP basis, as defined in Section 10(e) of Regulation S-K of the SEC, to exclude the effect of these items. We have excluded these items from our adjusted financial measures primarily because we believe these items are not indicative of the underlying performance of our business and the adjusted financial information provided is useful for investors to evaluate the comparability of our operating results and our future outlook (when reviewed in conjunction with our GAAP financial statements).
A reconciliation of reported GAAP results to comparable non-GAAP results follows (in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021 |  | Oct 29, 2022 |  | Oct 30, 2021
Reported GAAP net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. | $ | 21,835 |  |  | $ | 29,880 |  |  | $ | 53,767 |  |  | $ | 102,948 |
Certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs 1 | 1,508 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 7,185 |  |  | 1,737 |
Asset impairment charges 2 | 1,789 |  |  | 1,152 |  |  | 5,252 |  |  | 3,094 |
Net (gains) losses on lease modifications 3 | (146) |  |  | 3,006 |  |  | (1,654) |  |  | 441 |
Amortization of debt discount 4 | — |  |  | 2,782 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,344 |
Discrete income tax adjustments 5 | 208 |  |  | 5,912 |  |  | 624 |  |  | 6,140 |
Income tax impact from adjustments 6 | (448) |  |  | (1,729) |  |  | (2,318) |  |  | (3,200) |
Total adjustments affecting net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. | 2,911 |  |  | 11,673 |  |  | 9,089 |  |  | 16,556 |
Adjusted net earnings attributable to Guess?, Inc. | $ | 24,746 |  |  | $ | 41,553 |  |  | $ | 62,856 |  |  | $ | 119,504 |
Net earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |
GAAP diluted 7 | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 1.55 |
Adjusted diluted 7 | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 0.62 |  |  | $ | 1.06 |  |  | $ | 1.79 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |
GAAP diluted 7 | 67,102 |  |  | 65,852 |  |  | 70,705 |  |  | 65,893 |
Adjusted diluted 7 | 55,204 |  |  | 65,852 |  |  | 58,807 |  |  | 65,893 |

______________________________________________________________________
Notes:
1 Amounts recorded represent certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs which we otherwise would not have incurred as part of our business operations.
2 Amounts represent asset impairment charges related primarily to impairment of property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets related to certain retail locations resulting from under-performance and expected store closures.
3 Amounts recorded represent net (gains) losses on lease modifications related primarily to the early termination of certain lease agreements.
4 In April 2019, we issued $300 million principal amount of the Notes in a private offering. Prior to adoption of ASU 2020-06, we separated the Notes into liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components. The debt discount, which represented an amount equal to the fair value of the equity component, was amortized as non-cash interest expense over the term of the Notes. We adopted ASU 2020-06 under the modified retrospective method as of January 30, 2022. Upon adoption, the equity component was eliminated in the current period and recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. Prior periods are not affected.
5 Amounts represent discrete income taxes related primarily to the adjustments from an intra-entity transfer of intellectual property rights to a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary, impacts from cumulative valuation allowances and the income tax benefits from an income tax rate change due to net operating loss carrybacks.
6 The income tax effect of certain professional service and legal fees and related (credits) costs, asset impairment charges, net (gains) losses on lease modifications and the amortization of debt discount was based on the our assessment of deductibility using the statutory income tax rate (inclusive of the impact of valuation allowances) of the tax jurisdiction in which the charges were incurred.
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7 Prior to adoption of ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), for GAAP purposes, we incurred dilution above the initial strike price of our Notes of $25.78. At October 30, 2021, there was no dilution related to the Notes for the period.
We adopted ASU 2020-06 under the modified retrospective method as of January 30, 2022. Upon adoption, we prospectively utilize the if-converted method to calculate GAAP diluted EPS. For GAAP purposes, we incur dilution of our Notes based on the initial conversion rate associated with the Notes. For the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, shares used in computing diluted EPS increased by 11.9 million shares due to the change from the treasury stock method to the if-converted method. Diluted net income per share for the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022 is calculated based on GAAP net income and diluted weighted-average shares of 67.1 million and 70.7 million, respectively, which also includes the potentially dilutive effect of our stock options, restricted stock units and the Notes.
For adjusted diluted shares, we exclude the dilutive impact of the Notes at stock prices below $46.88, based on the bond hedge contracts in place that will deliver shares to offset dilution. At stock prices in excess of $46.88, we would have an obligation to deliver additional shares in excess of the dilution protection provided by the bond hedges.
Our discussion and analysis herein also includes certain constant currency financial information. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations affect the amount reported from translating our foreign revenue, expenses and balance sheet amounts into U.S. dollars. These rate fluctuations can have a significant effect on reported operating results under GAAP. We provide constant currency information to enhance the visibility of underlying business trends, excluding the effects of changes in foreign currency translation rates. To calculate net revenue and earnings (loss) from operations on a constant currency basis, operating results for the current-year period are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates in effect during the comparable period of the prior year. To calculate balance sheet amounts on a constant currency basis, the current period balance sheet amount is translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the comparable prior-year period end. The constant currency calculations do not adjust for the impact of revaluing specific transactions denominated in a currency that is different from the functional currency of that entity when exchange rates fluctuate. The constant currency information presented may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
In calculating the estimated impact of currency fluctuations (including translational and transactional impacts) on other measures such as earnings (loss) per share, we estimate gross margin (including the impact of foreign exchange currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges for anticipated merchandise purchases) and expenses using the appropriate prior-year rates, translate the estimated foreign earnings (loss) at the comparable prior-year rates and exclude the year-over-year earnings impact of gains or losses arising from balance sheet remeasurement and foreign exchange currency contracts not designated as cash flow hedges for merchandise purchases.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We use our liquidity globally primarily to fund our working capital, occupancy costs, interest payments on our debt, remodeling and rationalization of our retail stores, shop-in-shop programs, concessions, systems, infrastructure, compensation expenses, other existing operations, expansion plans, international growth and potential acquisitions and investments. If we experience a sustained decrease in consumer demand, we may require access to additional credit, which may not be available to us on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. Generally, our working capital needs are highest during the late summer and fall as our inventories increase before the holiday selling period. In addition, in the U.S., we need liquidity to fund share repurchases and payment of dividends to our stockholders.
During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, we relied primarily on trade credit, available cash, real estate and other operating leases, finance leases, proceeds from our credit facilities and term loans and internally generated funds to finance our operations. We anticipate we will be able to satisfy our ongoing cash requirements for the foreseeable future, including at least the next 12 months, for working capital, capital expenditures, payments on our debt, finance leases and operating leases, as well as lease modification payments, potential acquisitions and investments, expected income tax payments, and share repurchases and dividend payments to stockholders, primarily with cash flow from operations and existing cash balances as supplemented by borrowings under our existing credit facilities and proceeds from our term loans, as needed. We are in the process of negotiating an extension of our 2021 senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility, which is currently scheduled to mature on April 21, 2023. If we experience a sustained decrease in consumer demand related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing conflict in Ukraine or to economic,
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political or other conditions or events, we may require access to additional credit, which may not be available to us on commercially acceptable terms or at all. (Such arrangements are described further in “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 9 – Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations” in the Form 10-Q.)
Due to the seasonality of our business and cash needs, we may increase borrowings under our established credit facilities from time-to-time during the next 12 months and beyond.
We expect to settle the principal amount of our outstanding Notes in 2024 in cash and any excess in shares. Our outstanding Notes may be converted at the option of the holders as described in “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 10 – Convertible Senior Notes and Related Transactions” of this Form 10-Q and in “Note 10 – Convertible Senior Notes and Related Transactions” of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of October 29, 2022, none of the conditions allowing holders of the Notes to convert had been met. Pursuant to one of these conditions, if our stock trading price exceeds 130% of the conversion price of the Notes (currently $25.21) for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading-day period ending on, and including, the last trading day of any calendar quarter, holders of the Notes would have the right to convert their convertible notes during the next calendar quarter. In accordance with the terms of the indenture governing the Notes, we have adjusted the conversion rate and the conversion price of the Notes for quarterly dividends exceeding $0.1125 per share. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election, in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the indenture governing the Notes. The convertible note hedge transaction we entered into in connection with our issuance of the Notes is expected generally to reduce the potential dilution upon conversion of the Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of the Notes that are converted, as the case may be.
We have historically considered the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested. As a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, we had a substantial amount of previously taxed earnings that could be distributed to the U.S. without additional U.S. taxation. As of October 29, 2022, we determined that approximately $25.7 million of such foreign earnings are not indefinitely reinvested. The incremental tax cost to repatriate these earnings to the U.S. is immaterial. We intend to indefinitely reinvest the remaining earnings from the our foreign subsidiaries for which a deferred income tax liability has not already been recorded. We continue to evaluate our plans for reinvestment or repatriation of unremitted foreign earnings and regularly review our cash positions and determination of indefinite reinvestment of foreign earnings. If we determine that all or a portion of such foreign earnings are no longer indefinitely reinvested, we may be subject to additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. state income taxes, beyond the one-time transition tax.
As of October 29, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $174.1 million, of which approximately $52.8 million was held in the U.S. Excess cash and cash equivalents, which represent the majority of our outstanding balance, are held primarily in overnight deposit and short-term time deposit accounts and money market accounts. Please refer to “Forward-Looking Statements” discussed above and “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2022 for a discussion of risk factors which could reasonably be likely to result in a decrease of internally generated funds available to finance capital expenditures and working capital requirements.
COVID-19 Impact on Liquidity
Refer to the “Business Update, Market Trends and Uncertainties” section and in “Part 1, Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 1 - Basis of Presentation” for a discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and global economic conditions on our financial performance and our liquidity.
In light of store closures and reduced traffic in stores, we have taken certain actions with respect to certain of our existing leases, including engaging with landlords to discuss rent deferrals as well as other rent concessions. We suspended rental payments and/or paid reduced rental amounts with respect to certain of our retail stores that were closed or experiencing drastically reduced customer traffic as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also have successfully negotiated with several landlords, including some of our larger landlords
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and received rent abatement benefits as well as new lease terms for some of our affected leases. In some instances, where negotiations with landlords proved unsuccessful, we were engaged in litigation related to rent obligations both during the COVID-19 pandemic and through the term of the lease.
Nine Months Ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $21.4 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $4.6 million for the same prior-year period, or a deterioration of $26.0 million. This deterioration w as driven primarily by unfavorable changes in working capital and lower net earnings, partially offset by lower tax payments compared to the same prior-year period. The unfavorable changes in working capital were due primarily to higher inventory levels as we placed orders earlier in order to mitigate some of the supply chain disruptions and experienced higher average unit costs due to the elevation of the quality of our products, our investments in sustainability and inflationary pressures.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $72.0 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022, compared to $40.4 million for the same prior-year per iod. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 related primarily to investments in existing store remodeling programs and retail expansion and, to a lesser extent, technology and other infrastructure.
The increase in cash used in investing activities was driven primarily by higher retail remodel and expansion costs and higher investments in technology and other infrastructure during the nine months ended October 29, 2022 compared to the same prior-year period. D uring the nine months ended October 29, 2022, we opened 59 directly-operated stores compared to 55 directly-operated stores that were opened in the same prior-year period.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $131.8 million for the nine months ended October 29, 2022, compared to $28.5 million for the same prior-year period. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 related primarily to our entrance into the 2022 ASR Contract to repurchase an aggregate of $175 million of our common stock and payment of dividends, partially offset by net proceeds from borrowings.
Effect of Exchange Rates on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, changes in foreign currency translation rates decreased our reported cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balance by $16.3 million compared to a decrease of $13.8 million during the same prior-year period. Refer to “Foreign Currency Volatility” for further information on fluctuations in exchange rates.
Working Capital
As of October 29, 2022, we had net working capital (including cash and cash equivalents) of $417.8 million compared to $466.2 million at January 29, 2022 and $466.6 million at October 30, 2021.
Our primary working capital needs are for the current portion of lease liabilities, accounts receivable and inventory. The accounts receivable balance consists of trade receivables relating primarily to our wholesale business in Europe and, to a lesser extent, to our wholesale businesses in the Americas and Asia, royalty receivables relating to our licensing operations, credit card and retail concession receivables related to our retail businesses and certain other receivables. Accounts receivable decreased by $2.0 million, or 0.6%, to $319.3 million as of October 29, 2022, from $321.3 million at October 30, 2021. On a constant currency basis, accounts receivable increased by $46.2 million, or 14.4%, when compared to October 30, 2021. As of October 29, 2022, approximately 47% of our total net trade receivables and 61% of our European net trade receivables were subject to credit insurance coverage, certain bank guarantees or letters of credit for collection purposes. Our credit insurance coverage contains certain terms and conditions specifying deductibles and
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annual claim limits. Inventory increased by $92.1 million, or 19.1%, to $574.6 million as of October 29, 2022, from $482.5 million at October 30, 2021. On a constant currency basis, inventory increased by $160.8 million, or 33.3%, when compared to October 30, 2021, driven primarily by management initiatives to mitigate supply chain disruptions, including accelerating product orders, as well as higher average unit costs due to the elevation of the quality of our products, our investments in sustainability and inflationary pressures.
Capital Expenditures
Gross capital expenditures totaled $71.7 million, before deducting lease incentives of $3.6 million, for the nine months ended October 29, 2022. This compares to gross capital expenditures of $40.6 million, before deducting lease incentives of $2.2 million, for the same prior-year period.
We will periodically evaluate strategic acquisitions and alliances and pursue those we believe will support and contribute to our overall growth initiatives.
Dividends
On November 22, 2022, we announced a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.225 per share on our common stock. The cash dividend will be paid on December 23, 2022 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2022. In accordance with the terms of the indenture governing the Notes, we will adjust the conversion rate (which is expected to increase) and the conversion price (which is expected to decrease) of the Notes effective as of December 6, 2022.
Decisions on whether, when and in what amounts to continue making any future dividend distributions will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of our Board of Directors, which reserves the right to change or terminate our dividend practices at any time and for any reason without prior notice. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be based upon a number of business, legal and other considerations, including our cash flow from operations, capital expenditures, debt service and covenant requirements, cash paid for income taxes, earnings, share repurchases, economic conditions and U.S. and global liquidity.
Share Repurchases
During fiscal 2022, the Board of Directors terminated its previous 2012 $500 million share repurchase program and authorized a new $200 million share repurchase program. On March 14, 2022, the Board of Directors expanded its repurchase authorization by $100 million. Repurchases may be made on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans or other available means. There is no minimum or maximum number of shares to be repurchased under the program and the program may be discontinued at any time, without prior notice.
On March 18, 2022, pursuant to existing share repurchase authorizations, we entered into the 2022 ASR Contract with the 2022 ASR Counterparty to repurchase an aggregate of $175 million of our common stock. Under the 2022 ASR Contract, we made a payment of $175 million to the 2022 ASR Counterparty and received an initial delivery of approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock on March 21, 2022. We received a final settlement of an additional 5.2 million shares under the 2022 ASR Contract on June 24, 2022.
During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, we repurchased 8,985,603 shares of our common stock under our 2021 Share Repurchase Program at an aggregate cost of $186.7 million, all of which occurred during the six months ended July 30, 2022, which is inclusive of the shares repurchased under the 2022 ASR Contract. As of October 29, 2022, we had remaining authority under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program to purchase $62.3 million of our common stock. There were no shares repurchased under our 2012 or 2021 Share Repurchase Programs during the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021.
Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations and Convertible Senior Notes
Refer to “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 9 – Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations” and “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 10 – Convertible Senior Notes and Related Transactions” in this Form 10-Q for disclosures about our borrowings and finance lease obligations and convertible senior notes.
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Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
As a non-qualified pension plan, no dedicated funding of our SERP is required; however, we have made periodic payments into insurance policies held in a rabbi trust to fund the expected obligations arising under the non-qualified SERP.
The cash surrender values of the insurance policies were $61.2 million and $70.9 million as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively, and were included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As a result of changes in the value of the insurance policy investments, we recorded unrealized losses of $4.8 million and $8.3 million in other income and expense during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, respectively, and unrealized gains of $0.1 million and $2.3 million in other income and expense during the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, respectively. The projected benefit obligation was $49.2 million and $49.4 million as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, respectively, and was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets depending on the expected timing of payments. SERP benefit payments of $0.5 million and $1.4 million were made during the three and nine months ended October 29, 2022, respectively. SERP benefit payments of $0.5 million and $1.4 million were made during the three and nine months ended October 30, 2021, respectively.
Material Cash Requirements
As of October 29, 2022, there were no material changes to our material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations, including commitments for capital expenditures, outside the ordinary course of business compared to the disclosures included under “Liquidity and Capital Resources - Material Cash Requirements” in Item Part II, Item 7 in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2022. Refer to “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 9 – Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations” and “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 10 – Convertible Senior Notes and Related Transactions” for further information on these arrangements.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our critical accounting policies reflecting our estimates and judgments are described in “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 24, 2022. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies other than the January 30, 2022 adoption of ASU 2020-06 which impacted the accounting and financial statement presentation of our Notes and our calculation of diluted earnings per common share. Refer to “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 3 - Earnings per Share” and “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 10 -Convertible Senior Notes and Related Transactions” for further information.
Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
Refer to “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 1 – Basis of Presentation” for disclosures about recently issued accounting guidance.
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ITEM 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Exchange Rate Risk
More than two-thirds of product sales recorded for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our primary exchange rate risk relates to operations in Europe, Canada, South Korea, China, Hong Kong and Mexico. Changes in currencies affect our earnings in various ways. For further discussion on currency-related risk, please refer to our risk factors under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2022.
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
The local selling currency is typically the functional currency for all of our significant international operations. In accordance with authoritative guidance, assets and liabilities of our foreign operations are translated from foreign currencies into U.S. dollars at period-end rates, while income and expenses are translated at the weighted average exchange rates for the period. The related translation adjustments are reflected as a foreign currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. In addition, we record foreign currency translation adjustments related to our noncontrolling interests within stockholders’ equity. Accordingly, our reported other comprehensive income (loss) could be unfavorably impacted if the U.S. dollar strengthens, particularly against the British pound, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, euro, Japanese yen, Korean won, Mexican peso, Polish zloty, Russian rouble and Turkish lira. Alternatively, if the U.S. dollar weakens relative to those currencies, our reported other comprehensive income (loss) could be favorably impacted. Our foreign currency translation adjustments recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) are significantly impacted by net assets denominated in euros.
Periodically, we may also use foreign exchange currency contracts to hedge the translation and economic exposures related to our net investments in certain of our international subsidiaries. Changes in the fair values of these foreign exchange currency contracts, designated as net investment hedges, are recorded in foreign currency translation adjustment as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity.
During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, the total foreign currency translation adjustment decreased stockholders’ equity by $38.1 million, driven primarily by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro.
Foreign Currency Transaction Gains and Losses
Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency, including gains and losses on foreign exchange currency contracts (see below), are included in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Net foreign currency transaction losses of $27.8 million and $17.4 million were included in the determination of net earnings for the nine months ended October 29, 2022 and October 30, 2021, respectively.
Foreign Exchange Currency Contracts
We operate in foreign countries, which exposes us to market risk associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Various transactions that occur primarily in Europe, Canada, South Korea, China, Hong Kong and Mexico are denominated in U.S. dollars, British pounds and Russian roubles and thus are exposed to earnings risk as a result of exchange rate fluctuations when converted to their functional currencies. These types of transactions include U.S. dollar-denominated purchases of merchandise and U.S. dollar- and British pound-denominated intercompany liabilities. In addition, certain operating expenses, tax liabilities and pension-related liabilities are denominated in Swiss francs and are exposed to earnings risk as a result of exchange rate fluctuations when converted to the functional currency. Further, there are certain real estate leases that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the respective entity that entered into the agreement (primarily Swiss francs, Russian roubles and Polish zloty). As a result, we may be exposed to volatility related to unrealized gains or losses on the translation of present value of future lease payment
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obligations when translated at the exchange rate as of a reporting period-end. We are also subject to certain translation and economic exposures related to our net investment in certain of our international subsidiaries. We enter into derivative financial instruments to offset some, but not all, of our exchange risk. In addition, some of the derivative contracts in place will create volatility during the fiscal year as they are marked-to-market according to the accounting rules and may result in revaluation gains or losses in different periods from when the currency impact on the underlying transactions are realized.
Foreign Exchange Currency Contracts Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
During the nine months ended October 29, 2022, we purchased U.S. dollar forward contracts in Europe totaling US$256.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges. As of October 29, 2022, we had forward contracts outstanding for our European operations of US$275.0 million to hedge forecasted merchandise purchases, which are expected to mature over the next 18 months. Our foreign exchange currency contracts are recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value based on quoted market rates. Changes in the fair value of the U.S. dollar forward contracts, designated as cash flow hedges for forecasted merchandise purchases, are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity and are recognized in cost of product sales in the period that approximates the time the hedged merchandise inventory is sold.
As of October 29, 2022, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to foreign exchange currency contracts included a $15.7 million net unrealized gain, net of tax, of which $13.9 million will be recognized in cost of product sales over the following 12 months, at the then current values on a pre-tax basis, which can be different than the current quarter-end values.
As of October 29, 2022, the net unrealized gain of the remaining open forward contracts recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet was approximately $12.1 million.
At January 29, 2022, we had forward contracts outstanding for our European operations of US$146.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges. At January 29, 2022, the net unrealized gain of these open forward contracts recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet was approximately $6.0 million.
Foreign Exchange Currency Contracts Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
We also have foreign exchange currency contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Changes in fair value of foreign exchange currency contracts not designated as hedging instruments are reported in net earnings (loss) as part of other income (expense). For the nine months ended October 29, 2022, we recorded a net gain of $4.3 million for our euro dollar foreign exchange currency contracts not designated as hedges, which has been included in other income (expense). As of October 29, 2022, we had euro foreign exchange currency contracts to purchase US$49.5 million expected to mature over the next 14 months. As of October 29, 2022, the net unrealized gain of these open forward contracts recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet was approximately $2.1 million.
At January 29, 2022, we had euro foreign exchange currency contracts to purchase US$19.0 million. At January 29, 2022, the net unrealized gain of these open forward contracts recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet was approximately $1.1 million.
Sensitivity Analysis
As of October 29, 2022, a sensitivity analysis of changes in foreign currencies when measured against the U.S. dollar indicates that, if the U.S. dollar had uniformly weakened by 10% against all of the U.S. dollar denominated foreign exchange derivatives totaling US$324.5 million, the fair value of the instruments would have decreased by $36.1 million. Conversely, if the U.S. dollar uniformly strengthened by 10% against all of the U.S. dollar denominated foreign exchange derivatives, the fair value of these instruments would have increased by $29.5 million. Any resulting changes in the fair value of the hedged instruments may be partially offset by changes in the fair value of certain balance sheet positions (primarily U.S. dollar denominated liabilities in our foreign operations) impacted by the change in the foreign currency rate. The ability to reduce
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the exposure of currencies on earnings depends on the magnitude of the derivatives compared to the balance sheet positions during each reporting cycle.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk on our floating-rate debt. We have entered into interest rate swap agreements for certain of these agreements to effectively convert our floating-rate debt to a fixed-rate basis. The principal objective of these contracts is to eliminate or reduce the variability of the cash flows in interest payments associated with our floating-rate debt, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest payment cash flows. We have elected to apply the hedge accounting rules in accordance with authoritative guidance for certain of these contracts.
In April 2019, we issued $300 million principal amount of the Notes in a private offering. The fair value of the Notes is subject to interest rate risk, market risk and other factors due to a conversion feature. The fair value of the Notes will generally increase as our common stock price increases and will generally decrease as our common stock price declines. The interest and market value changes affect the fair value of the Notes but do not impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations due to the fixed nature of the debt obligation. Additionally, we carry the Notes at face value, less any unamortized discount of debt issuance costs on our balance sheet and we present the fair value for disclosure purposes only.
Interest Rate Swap Agreement Designated as Cash Flow Hedge
The fair value of the interest rate swap agreement is based upon inputs corroborated by observable market data. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement, designated as a cash flow hedge to hedge the variability of cash flows in interest payments associated with our floating-rate real estate secured loan (the “Mortgage Debt”), are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt.
As of October 29, 2022, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the interest rate swap agreement included a net unrealized gain of $1.0 million net of tax, which will be recognized in interest expense over the following 12 months, at the then current values on a pre-tax basis, which can be different than the current quarter-end values. As of October 29, 2022, the net unrealized gain of the interest rate swap recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet was approximately $1.3 million. As of January 29, 2022, the net unrealized loss of the interest rate swap recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet was approximately $0.1 million.
Sensitivity Analysis
As of October 29, 2022, we had borrowings under our credit facility arrangements of $123.2 million which are based on variable rates of interest. Accordingly, changes in interest rates would impact our results of operations in future periods. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would not have had a significant effect on interest expense for the nine months ended October 29, 2022.
As of October 29, 2022, we had indebtedness related to term loans of $29.0 million, finance lease obligations of $20.4 million and the Mortgage Debt of $17.4 million. The term loans provide for annual interest rates ranging between 1.3% to 3.8%. The finance lease obligations are based on fixed interest rates derived from the respective agreements. The Mortgage Debt is covered by a separate interest rate swap agreement with a swap fixed interest rate of approximately 3.06% that matures in January 2026. The interest rate swap agreement is designated as a cash flow hedge and converts the nature of our Mortgage Debt from LIBOR floating-rate debt to fixed-rate debt.
The fair values of our debt instruments are based on the amount of future cash flows associated with each instrument discounted using our incremental borrowing rate. As of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022, the carrying value was not materially different from fair value, as the interest rates on our debt approximated rates currently available to us. The fair value of our Notes is determined based on inputs that are observable in the market and have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
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ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this report.
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the third quarter of fiscal 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.
Refer to “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies” in this Form 10-Q for disclosures about our legal and other proceedings.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.
Other than the risk factors noted below, there have not been any material changes in the Risk Factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 29, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 24, 2022.
Our business may also be affected by existing or future sanctions and export controls targeting Russia and other responses to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
As a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union, among others, have developed coordinated sanctions and export control measures targeting Russia, Belarus, and the Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine (Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk). These measures include: (i) blocking sanctions prohibiting dealings with various Russian senior government officials, and companies in various sectors important to the Russian economy, including major Russian financial institutions; (ii) expanded sectoral sanctions related to designated Russian entities’ ability to raise capital; (iii) the disconnection of certain Russian and Belarusian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (“SWIFT”) financial messaging network; (iv) a ban on new investment in Russia; (v) a ban on the provision of certain accounting, trust formation and management consulting services; (vi) bans on the import into the United States of certain Russian origin products, including various energy products; (vii) bans on the conduct of business or investment activity in the Russian-controlled Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine; and (viii) restrictions on the export of various products to Russia and Belarus, including certain dual-use industrial and commercial products, and luxury goods. Additionally, certain logistics operators have imposed bans on direct air deliveries to Russia and restrictions on land deliveries to and from Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, none of which have had a material impact on our operations to date.
We are currently operating in Russia through wholesale and retail channels, and we have immaterial wholesale operations through local wholesale partners in Belarus and Ukraine. Our operations in Russia are operated primarily through Guess CIS, a majority-owned Russian subsidiary in which we had a 70% interest as of October 29, 2022 and January 29, 2022. Guess CIS currently operates 44 retail stores in Russia and acts as a distributor for our wholesale partners in Russia. We also operate in Russia through other local wholesale partners and by selling directly to retail customers through our European online store. Prior to February 2022, we also sold directly to retail customers in Ukraine and Belarus through our European online store. The local distributor through which we operate in Ukraine does not operate in the Russian-controlled Crimea, Donetsk, or Luhansk regions of Ukraine.
Our operations in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine represented less than 3% of the Company’s total revenue for the year ended January 29, 2022 and 3% for the nine months ended October 29, 2022, with our operations in Russia comprising over 90% of this total revenue. As of October 29, 2022, our total assets in Russia, all of which are held by Guess CIS, represented less than 2% of our total assets, consisting primarily of leasehold right of use assets, store inventory, furnishings and fixtures and receivables. We only maintain inventory in Russia in an amount sufficient for operating our Russian retail stores. We do not maintain inventory or hold any other significant assets in Belarus or Ukraine.
The imposition of the current or possible future additional export controls and economic sanctions on transactions with Russia and Russian entities could limit or prevent us from (i) operating all or a portion of our business in Russia, (ii) performing under existing contracts involving our Russia business (including with respect to Guess CIS and the Company’s fulfillment of its pre-sanctions contractual obligation to purchase the Minority Holder’s 30% interest in Guess CIS pursuant to the Minority Holder’s exercise of the Put Option) or (iii) pursuing new business opportunities or maintaining adequate insurance coverage to protect our products
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and facilities in Russia. Additionally, the conflict in Ukraine could disrupt the operations of our distributor in that region and surrounding regions. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, supply chain, partners or customers. In addition, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in global markets and industries that could negatively impact our operations. The scope of the impact of sanctions, export controls and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine is impossible to predict at this time, and could have an adverse impact on our business.
Future changes to U.S. income tax or trade policies impacting multi-national companies could materially affect our financial condition and results of operations.
A significant portion of our product sales are generated outside of the U.S. In fiscal 2022, approximately 71% of our consolidated net product sales was generated by sales from outside of the U.S. In the long-term, we anticipate these international revenues will continue to grow as a percentage of our total business. The current political landscape has introduced greater uncertainty with respect to future income tax and trade regulations for U.S. companies with significant business and sourcing operations outside the United States.
During fiscal 2022, we sourced most of our finished products with partners and suppliers outside the U.S. and we continued to design and purchase fabrics globally, with most coming from China. The ongoing economic conflict between the U.S. and China has resulted in increased tariffs being imposed on goods we import from China. We have been reducing our dependency on China sourcing, particularly for our U.S. business, and mitigating potential tariffs’ risks without compromising the quality of our products, while improving costs. However, we cannot predict whether, and to what extent, there may be changes to international trade agreements, such as those with China, or whether quotas, duties, tariffs, exchange controls or other restrictions will be changed or imposed by the U.S. or by other countries. If we or our vendors or product licensees are unable to obtain raw materials or finished goods from the countries where we or they wish to purchase them, either because of such regulatory changes or for any other reason, or if the cost of doing so should increase, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
As a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union, among others, have developed coordinated sanctions and export control measures targeting Russia, Belarus, and the Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine (Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk). While these sanctions and export control measures have not significantly disrupted our sales in these regions, if the disruptions continue over a prolonged period, or if additional export controls or economic sanctions on transactions with Russia and Russian entities are imposed in the future our sales in these regions and our results of operations could be adversely impacted. For further information regarding the risks we face relating to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, refer to “-Our business may also be affected by existing or future sanctions and export controls targeting Russia and other responses to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.”
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ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Items (a) and (b) are not applicable.
Item (c). Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our share repurchases during each fiscal month of the third quarter of fiscal 2023 were as follows:

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 31, 2022 to August 27, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repurchase program 1 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 62,267,634 |
Employee transactions 2 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
August 28, 2022 to October 1, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repurchase program 1 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 62,267,634 |
Employee transactions 2 | 1,031 |  |  | $ | 16.56 |  |  | — |  |  |
October 2, 2022 to October 29, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repurchase program 1 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 62,267,634 |
Employee transactions 2 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repurchase program 1 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Employee transactions 2 | 1,031 |  |  | $ | 16.56 |  |  | — |  |  |

______________________________________________________________________
Notes:
1 During fiscal 2022, the Board of Directors terminated our previous 2012 $500 million share repurchase program (which had $47.8 million capacity remaining) and authorized a new $200 million share repurchase program. On March 14, 2022, the Board of Directors expanded the repurchase authorization by $100 million, leaving an available capacity of $249.0 million at that time.
On March 18, 2022, pursuant to existing stock repurchase authorizations, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the “2022 ASR Contract”) with a financial institution (the ”2022 ASR Counterparty”) to repurchase an aggregate of $175.0 million of our common stock. Under the terms of the 2022 ASR Contract, we made a payment of $175.0 million and received an initial delivery of 3.3 million shares on March 21, 2022, representing approximately 40% ($70 million) of the total shares expected to be repurchased under the 2022 ASR Contract. The Company received a final settlement of an additional 5.2 million shares under the ASR on June 24, 2022. Refer to “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 4 – Stockholders' Equity” for further information.
Repurchases may be made on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans or other available means. There is no minimum or maximum number of shares to be repurchased under the program and the program may be discontinued at any time, without prior notice.
2 Consists of shares surrendered to, or withheld by, us in satisfaction of employee tax withholding obligations that occur upon vesting of restricted stock awards granted under our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended.
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ITEM 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.1. |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-4419) filed July 30, 1996).
3.2. |  | Certificate of Amendment, dated June 24, 2021, to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Guess?, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2021).
3.3. |  | Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2021).
†31.1. |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
†31.2. |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
††32.1. |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
††32.2. |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
†101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
†101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
†101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
†101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
†101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
†101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
†104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

_______________________________________________________________________________

† | Filed herewith
†† | Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Guess?, Inc.
Date: | December 2, 2022 | By: | /s/ CARLOS ALBERINI
|  |  | Carlos Alberini
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer
Date: | December 2, 2022 | By: | /s/ DENNIS SECOR
|  |  | Dennis Secor
|  |  | Interim Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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