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ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS |
ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS | 4. ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS Allowance for doubtful accounts are comprised of allowances for accounts receivable, trade and advances to suppliers. An analysis of allowances for accounts receivable, trade for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 is as follows:
|  | 2010 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | $ |  | $ |  | $ |
Beginning of the year |  |  | 18,029,440 |  |  | 7,956,036 |  |  | 9,505,481 |
Allowances made (reversed) during the year |  |  | (10,082,718 | ) |  | 6,552,926 |  |  | 43,240,595 |
Accounts written-off against allowances |  |  | — |  |  | (5,053,538 | ) |  | (5,325,908 | )
Foreign exchange effect |  |  | 9,314 |  |  | 50,057 |  |  | 162,049 |
Closing balance |  |  | 7,956,036 |  |  | 9,505,481 |  |  | 47,582,217 |
In 2010 an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable was reversed by $10,082,718; and in 2011 and 2012, allowance for doubtful accounts receivable was accrued by $6,552,926 and $43,240,595, respectively. The significant increase in allowance during 2012 was caused by specific provision for specific identified customers, including $18.7 million allowance for doubtful accounts receivable from a Chinese company, and $15.3 million allowance for doubtful accounts receivable from other specifically identified customers after reviewing the likelihood of collection from those customers. An analysis of allowances for advances to suppliers for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 is as follows:
|  | 2010 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | $ |  | $ |  | $ |
Beginning of the year |  |  | 10,985,195 |  |  | 19,389,542 |  |  | 38,123,721 |
Allowances made during the year |  |  | 10,239,858 |  |  | 17,728,681 |  |  | 370,622 |
Accounts written-off against allowances |  |  | (2,205,848 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange effect |  |  | 370,337 |  |  | 1,005,498 |  |  | 51,144 |
Closing balance |  |  | 19,389,542 |  |  | 38,123,721 |  |  | 38,545,487 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for allowance for credit losses. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Details
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Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
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