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VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES  
VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

10. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company, through its subsidiaries, may enter into silent partnership agreements and/or various types of bankruptcy remote arrangements for the sole purpose of holding Japan project companies. Under the silent partnership agreements and/or the bankruptcy remote arrangements, the project companies are considered VIEs in which the Company has no majority equity interests, but is entitled to substantially all of the economic interests of the projects. In addition, the Company has the power to make decisions over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the projects under the asset management agreement signed simultaneously between the project companies and a wholly-owned subsidiary, Canadian Solar Projects K.K. As such, the Company concluded it was the primary beneficiary of the project companies and thus these project companies were accounted for as consolidated VIEs since their establishment. The Company does not retain any ownership interest nor control of the bankruptcy remote entities, which individually and, in the aggregate, are insignificant.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the carrying amounts and classifications of the consolidated VIEs’ major assets and liabilities with immaterial items combined, excluding intercompany balances which are eliminated upon consolidation, included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

    

At December 31, 

    

At December 31, 

2021

2022

$

$

Cash

48,200

15,903

Project assets

289,315

320,460

Other assets

53,091

30,163

Total assets

390,606

366,526

Short-term borrowings

113,857

191,792

Long-term borrowings

106,880

49,675

Other liabilities

36,872

26,366

Total liabilities

257,609

267,833

Net income and overall cash flow activities during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were insignificant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.