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Equity Transactions (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Summary of share-based compensation expense
The table below presents the components of share-based compensation expense (in thousands):
Year Ended September 30,
201920182017
Equity-classified awards:
Stock options$1,530  $858  $869  
RSUs & RSAs4,496  5,454  7,308  
Liability-classified awards:
SARs$482  $285  $(800) 
Total stock compensation expense:$6,508  $6,597  $7,377  
Summary of stock option activity
The table below presents stock option activity (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):

Stock OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term (years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of September 30, 20182,018,323  $10.49  5.13$1,143  
Granted1,134,316  $6.32  $—  
Exercised(132,633) $4.44  $307  
Forfeited(347,728) $6.78  $279  
Outstanding as of September 30, 20192,672,278  $9.50  6.19$2,502  
Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 20192,609,071  $9.58  6.15$2,409  
Exercisable as of September 30, 20191,270,164  $12.94  4.37$876  
Summary of fair value assumptions, stock options
The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model during the years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:


Year ended September 30
201920182017
Dividend yield
Expected volatility
47.8% - 53.7%
50.8% - 58.6%
54.2% - 54.9%
Risk-free interest rate
1.9% - 2.8%
0.5% - 2.7%
1.7% - 2.2%
Expected term
4.2- 7.1 years
 3.8 years
 3.8 years
Summary of RSU and RSA Activity
The table below presents RSU & RSA activity (aggregate fair value in thousands):

RSU & RSAWeighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term (years)
Aggregate Fair Value
Outstanding as of September 30, 20182,316,865  $7.19  2.17$14,712  
Granted612,728  $6.70  $4,103  
Exercised(731,433) $6.85  $4,757  
Forfeited(274,171) $7.02  $1,939  
Outstanding as of September 30, 20191,923,989  $7.19  2.09$14,237  
Expected to vest as of September 30, 20191,193,034  $6.96  2.18$8,828  
Summary of stock appreciation right activity
The table below presents SAR award activity (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):


SARsWeighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term (years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of September 30, 2018934,205  $7.23  0.78$789  
Granted95,000  $6.11  $—  
Exercised(181,009) $4.57  $491  
Forfeited(414,614) $8.90  $74  
Outstanding as of September 30, 2019433,582  $6.49  0.93$748  
Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2019379,179  $5.95  0.92$748  
Exercisable as of September 30, 2019143,375  $5.83  0.23$316  
Summary of fair value assumptions, stock appreciation rights The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of outstanding SARs as of September 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:
Year ended September 30
201920182017
Dividend yield
Expected volatility
38.2% - 48.8%
34.9% - 53.6%
38.2% - 48.8%
Risk-free interest rate
1.3% - 1.7%
2.6% - 2.8%
1.3% - 1.6%
Expected term
0.1-3.3 years
0.1-2.0 years
1.0-3.0 years
Summary of fair value assumptions
The fair value of stock options, RSUs and SARs containing market conditions is estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of these awards during the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:


Year ended September 30
201920182017
Dividend yield
Expected volatility
45.5% - 55.0%
50.0% - 54.5%
—%
Risk-free interest rate
1.5% - 2.9%
2.0% - 2.5%
—%
Expected holding period (% of remaining term)
25.9% - 100.0%
20.3%
—%