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Sale of future royalties | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Sale of future royalties | Sale of future royalties On July 2, 2019, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the Agreement) with the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System (OMERS), pursuant to which the Company sold to OMERS part of its royalty interest on future global net sales of ONPATTRO® (Patisiran) (ONPATTRO), an RNA interference therapeutic currently being sold by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Alnylam). ONPATTRO utilizes the Company’s LNP technology, which was licensed to Alnylam pursuant to the Cross-License Agreement, dated November 12, 2012, by and between the Company and Alnylam (the LNP License Agreement). Under the terms of the LNP License Agreement, the Company is entitled to tiered royalty payments on global net sales of ONPATTRO ranging from 1.00% to 2.33% after offsets, with the highest tier applicable to annual net sales above $500 million. This royalty interest was sold to OMERS, effective as of January 1, 2019, for $20 million in gross proceeds before advisory fees. OMERS will retain this entitlement until it has received $30 million in royalties, at which point 100% of such royalty interest on future global net sales of ONPATTRO will revert to the Company. OMERS has assumed the risk of collecting up to $30 million of future royalty payments from Alnylam and the Company is not obligated to reimburse OMERS if it fails to collect any such future royalties. The $30 million in royalties to be paid to OMERS is accounted for as a liability, with the difference between the liability and the gross proceeds received accounted for as a discount. The discount, as well as $1.5 million of transaction costs, will be amortized as interest expense based on the projected balance of the liability as of the beginning of each period. As of March 31, 2025, the Company estimated an effective annual interest rate of approximately 2.2%. Over the course of the Agreement, the actual interest rate will be affected by the amount and timing of royalty revenue recognized and changes in the timing of forecasted royalty revenue. On a quarterly basis, the Company will reassess the expected timing of the royalty revenue, recalculate the amortization and effective interest rate and adjust the accounting prospectively as needed. The Company recognizes non-cash royalty revenue related to the sales of ONPATTRO during the term of the Agreement. As royalties are remitted to OMERS from Alnylam, the balance of the recognized liability is effectively repaid over the life of the Agreement. From the inception of the royalty sale through March 31, 2025, the Company has recorded an aggregate of $25.3 million of non-cash royalty revenue for royalties earned by OMERS. There are a number of factors that could materially affect the amount and timing of royalty payments from Alnylam, none of which are within the Company’s control. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized non-cash royalty revenue of $0.4 million and related non-cash interest expense of less than $0.1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized non-cash royalty revenue of $0.6 million and related non-cash interest expense of less than $0.1 million. The table below shows the activity related to the net liability for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:
| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| (in thousands)
Net liability related to sale of future royalties - beginning balance | $ | 4,829 |  |  | $ | 6,953 |
Non-cash royalty revenue | (448) |  |  | (593) |
Non-cash interest expense | 28 |  |  | 36 |
Net liability related to sale of future royalties - ending balance | $ | 4,409 |  |  | $ | 6,396 |
In addition to the royalty from the LNP License Agreement, the Company is also receiving a second royalty interest ranging from 0.75% to 1.125% on global net sales of ONPATTRO, with 0.75% applying to sales greater than $500 million, originating from a settlement agreement and subsequent license agreement with Acuitas Therapeutics, Inc. (Acuitas). The royalty from Acuitas has been retained by the Company and was not part of the royalty sale to OMERS.

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