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Income Taxes
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The income tax expense included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income consists of the following (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20242023
Current income tax expense$4,764 $4,737 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)(142)(194)
Income tax expense$4,622 $4,543 

The net deferred tax asset totaled $29.9 million at March 31, 2024 as compared to $30.4 million at December 31, 2023. The slight decrease in the net deferred tax asset is primarily the result of an increase in the estimated fair value of the effective hedging derivatives.  No valuation allowance was recorded at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023, as management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax asset items will be realized in future years. Unrecognized tax benefits were not material at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
We recognized income tax expense of $4.6 million for an ETR of 17.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to income tax expense of $4.5 million for an ETR of 14.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The higher ETR for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in net tax-exempt income as a percentage of pre-tax income as compared to the same period in 2023. The ETR differs from the statutory rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the effect of tax-exempt income from municipal loans and securities, as well as BOLI. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdictions and in certain states. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2020 or Texas state tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019.