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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2018
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation Office Depot, Inc., including consolidated subsidiaries (“Office Depot” or the “Company”), is a leading omni-channel provider of business services and supplies, product and technology solutions. On November 8, 2017, the Company acquired CompuCom Systems, Inc. (“CompuCom”) refer to Note 2 for additional discussion about this acquisition. The Company currently operates under several banners, including Office Depot ®, OfficeMax ® and CompuCom ® and utilizes proprietary company and product brand names. The Company’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol ODP. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had three reportable segments (or “Divisions”): Business Solutions Division, Retail Division and the CompuCom Division. In September 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors committed to a plan to sell substantially all of the Company’s International Division operations (the “International Operations”). Accordingly, the Company has presented the International Operations as discontinued operations beginning in the third quarter of 2016. The Company has reclassified the financial results of the International Operations to Discontinued operations, net of tax in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented. The Company also reclassified the related assets and liabilities as current assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018, and December 30, 2017. Cash flows from the Company’s discontinued operations are presented separately in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods. Certain portions of the International Division assets and operations primarily consisting of the Company’s global sourcing and trading operations in the Asia/Pacific region are being retained or did not meet the held for sale criteria and therefore remain in continuing operations, with prior periods adjusted, where appropriate. Additional information on the Company’s discontinued operations is provided in Note 4. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2018, and for the 13-week period ended March 31, 2018 (also referred to as the “first quarter of 2018”) and April 1, 2017 (also referred to as the “first quarter of 2017”) are unaudited. However, in management’s opinion, these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary to provide a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Business acquisitions in 2017 and the first quarter of 2018 lessen the comparability of financial statement periods presented for the Company as results of operations of acquired businesses are included prospectively from the dates of their acquisition. As a result of the Company’s purchase of CompuCom in November 2017, the Company’s level of service revenue in the first quarter of 2018 exceeded 10% of the Company’s total revenue and accordingly, revenues and cost of sales from services and products are separately disclosed on the Company’s statement of operations. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Note 6 describes the components of the Company’s business included in the product and service categories. In addition, as discussed below, certain amounts have been reclassified due to the Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance related to the presentation of defined benefit plan expense. These prior period reclassifications did not affect the Company’s net income or cash flows. The Company has prepared the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Some information and note disclosures, which would normally be included in comprehensive annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those SEC rules and regulations. For a better understanding of the Company and its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we recommend reading these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conjunction with the audited financial statements which are included in the 2017 Form 10-K. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that should be expected for the full year.
Cash Management | Cash Management The cash management process generally utilizes zero balance accounts which provide for the settlement of the related disbursement and cash concentration accounts on a daily basis. Trade accounts payable and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and December 30, 2017, included $54 million and $53 million, respectively, of amounts not yet presented for payment drawn in excess of disbursement account book balances, after considering offset provisions. At March 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations held outside the United States amounted to $137 million. Additionally, $37 million of cash held outside the United States was included in current assets of discontinued operations. Restricted Cash Restricted cash consist primarily of short-term cash term deposits having original maturity dates of twelve months or less that serve as a collateral to certain of the Company’s letters of credit. Restricted cash is valued at cost, which approximates fair value. At March 31, 2018, restricted cash amounted to $3 million and is included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
New Accounting Standards | New Accounting Standards Standards that are not yet adopted In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update which will require lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets related to the rights and obligations created by those leases. The accounting treatment for lessors will remain relatively unchanged. The accounting standards update also requires additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures related to the nature, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The initial standard required a modified retrospective transition approach, with application, including disclosures, in all comparative periods presented. In March 2018, the FASB tentatively approved an amendment to the new guidance that allows companies the option of using the effective date of the new standard as the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this new standard will have on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements but anticipates it will result in significant right of use assets and related liabilities associated with its operating leases being recorded on its balance sheet. Substantially all of the Company’s retail store locations, supply chain facilities, certain corporate facilities and copy print equipment are subject to operating lease arrangements. The Company will adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2019, and has begun implementing required upgrades to its existing lease systems. The Company is currently compiling an inventory of arrangements containing a lease and accumulating the lease data necessary to apply the amended guidance. In February 2018, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to address a specific consequence of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This accounting update allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Job Act. The standard eliminates the stranded tax effects that were created as a result of the reduction of historical U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to the newly enacted U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The accounting update is effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the new standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements. Standards that were adopted Revenue recognition In May 2014, the FASB issued a new standard that supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance and modifies the accounting for certain costs associated with revenue generation. Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity is entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The standard provides a number of steps to follow to achieve that principle and requires additional financial statement disclosures related to the nature, timing, amount and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company adopted the new revenue standard on the first day of the first quarter of 2018, using the modified retrospective method, and applied the standard to contracts that were not complete as of the adoption date. As a result of applying this adoption method, the Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment of $4 million, net of tax, to its accumulated deficit related to deferral of revenues for its loyalty program as of the first day of the first quarter of 2018. The most significant impact of the standard on the Company relates to revenues from sales of third-party software which were previously reported on a gross basis, but are reported on a net basis under the new standard, with no change in timing of recognition or impact to gross profit, earnings or cash flows. This impact resulted in a reduction in both sales from services and cost of services of $27 million during the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of the standard also resulted in minor changes related to the timing of revenue recognition associated with the Company’s loyalty program due to the impacts of the loyalty program being presented as a deferral of revenues under the new standard rather than as cost of sales accruals under the previous accounting rules. In addition, the Company’s balance sheet presentation of its sales return reserve has changed to present a separate return asset and liability, instead of the net presentation used in prior periods. The return asset and liability are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Revenue recognition related to all other products and services remains substantially unchanged. The following tables summarize the impacts of adopting the new standard on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2018 and Statement of Operations for the first quarter of 2018. Adoption of the new standard had no impact to the cash from or used in operating, financing, or investing activities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
|  | First Quarter of 2018 |
(In millions) |  | As reported |  |  | As if the previous accounting guidance was in effect |
Sales – Products |  | $ | 2,423 |  |  | $ | 2,427 |
Sales – Services |  |  | 407 |  |  |  | 434 |
Total Sales |  |  | 2,830 |  |  |  | 2,861 |
Cost of goods sold and occupancy costs – Products |  |  | 1,891 |  |  |  | 1,895 |
Cost of goods sold and occupancy costs – Services |  |  | 272 |  |  |  | 299 |
Total Cost of goods sold and occupancy costs |  |  | 2,163 |  |  |  | 2,194 |
Gross profit |  |  | 667 |  |  |  | 667 |
Net income |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 41 |
Diluted earnings per share |  |  | 0.07 |  |  |  | 0.07 |
|  | As of March 31, 2018 |
(In millions) |  | As reported |  |  | As if the previous accounting guidance was in effect |
Receivables, net |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 947 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 108 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 295 |  |  |  | 293 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 1,011 |  |  |  | 1,006 |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  | 2,157 |  |  |  | 2,157 |
As part of its adoption of the new standard, the Company also implemented new internal controls and key system functionality to enable the preparation of financial information on adoption. Refer to Note 6 for additional disclosures required as a result of the adoption of this new standard. Defined benefit plan In March 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which changed the income statement presentation of defined benefit plan expense by requiring that an employer report the service cost component of pension costs in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit pension cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of operating income. The Company adopted the new accounting standards update in the first quarter of 2018. The Company has presented the other components of net periodic benefit cost in Other income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, while the service cost component of pension costs continues to be presented in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Adoption of this new accounting standards update required a retrospective reclassification of $3 million net pension benefit in the first quarter of 2017 from Selling, general and administrative expenses to Other income, net, and did not have an impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets or Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Products and Services Revenue | Products and Services Revenue The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by Division, and major product and service categories.
|  | First Quarter of 2018 |
(In millions) |  | Business Solutions Division |  |  | Retail Division |  |  | CompuCom Division |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Major products and services categories |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supplies |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,204 |
Technology |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | 539 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 939 |
Furniture and other |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 280 |
Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Technology |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 219 |
Other |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 188 |
Total |  | $ | 1,328 |  |  | $ | 1,244 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2,830 |
Products revenue Products revenue includes the sale of (1) supplies such as paper, writing instruments, office supplies, cleaning and breakroom items, (2) technology related products such as toner and ink, printers, computers, tablets and accessories, electronic storage, and (3) furniture and other products such as desks, seating, and luggage. The Company sells its supplies, furniture and other products through its Retail and Business Solutions Divisions, and its technology products through all three Divisions. Customers can purchase products through the Company’s retail stores, electronically through its internet sites, or through its call centers. Revenues from supplies, technology, and furniture and other product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customer. Furniture and other products also include arrangements where customers can make special furniture interior design and installation orders that are customized to their needs. The performance obligations related to these arrangements are satisfied over time. Services revenue Services revenue includes (1) technology service offerings provided through the Company’s CompuCom Division, such as end user computing, data center management, service desk, network infrastructure, IT workforce solutions, mobile device management and cloud services, as well as technology service offerings provided in its retail stores, such as installation and repair, and (2) other service offerings such as copy and print services, managed print and fulfillment services, product subscriptions, and sales of third party software, gift cards, and warranties, as well as rental income on operating lease arrangements where the Company conveys to its customers the right to use devices and other equipment for a stated period. The largest offering in the service technology category is end user computing, which provides on-site services to assist corporate end users with their information technology needs. Services are either billed on a rate per hour or on a fixed monthly retainer basis. For the majority of technology service offerings contracts, the Company has the right to invoice the customer in an amount that directly corresponds with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance to date and as such the Company recognizes revenue based on the amount billable to the customer in accordance with the practical expedient provided by the current revenue guidance. Substantially all of the Company’s other service offerings are satisfied at a point in time and revenue is recognized as such. The largest other service offering is copy and print services, which includes printing, copying, and digital imaging. The majority of copy and print services are fulfilled through retail stores and the related performance obligations are satisfied within a short period of time (generally within the same day).
Revenue Recognition and Significant Judgments | Revenue Recognition and Significant Judgments Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company is entitled to receive in exchange for those products or services. For product sales, transfer of control occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customer. For service offerings, the transfer of control and satisfaction of the performance obligation is either over time or at a point in time. When performance obligations are satisfied over time, the Company evaluates the pattern of delivery and progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. Revenue is recognized net of allowance for returns and net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Shipping and handling costs are considered fulfillment activities and are recognized within the Company’s cost of goods sold. Contracts with customers could include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Determining the standalone selling price also requires judgement. The Company did not have significant revenues generated from such contracts during the first quarter of 2018. Products are generally sold with a right of return and the Company may provide other incentives, such as rebates and coupons, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize. Returns and incentives are estimated at contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available and only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any incremental revenue will not occur. The Company offers a customer loyalty program that provides customers with rewards that can be applied to future purchases or other incentives. Loyalty rewards are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and a deferred liability is recorded in the amount of the transaction price allocated to the rewards, inclusive of the impact of estimated breakage. The estimated breakage of loyalty rewards is based on historical redemption rates experienced under the loyalty program. Revenue is recognized when the loyalty rewards are redeemed or expire. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had $22 million of deferred liability related to loyalty programs, which is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Contract Balances | Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. A receivable is recognized in the period the Company delivers goods or provide services, and is recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. A receivable is also recognized for unbilled services where the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional, and is recorded based on an estimate of time and materials. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 20 to 60 days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined that the contracts do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of the Company’s invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing its products and services. The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Contract assets include amounts related to deferred contract acquisition costs (refer to the section “Costs to Obtain a Contract” below) and if applicable, the Company’s conditional right to consideration for completed performance under a contract. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company did not have any contract assets related to conditional rights. The short and long-term components of contract assets in the table below are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, and Other assets, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract, and are recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is completed under the contract, as well as accrued contract acquisition costs, liabilities related to the Company’s loyalty programs and gift cards. The short and long-term components of contract liabilities in the table below are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and Deferred income taxes and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:
In millions |  | As of March 31, 2018 |  |  | At Adoption |
Receivables, net |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 931 |
Short-term contract assets |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 20 |
Long-term contract assets |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 11 |
Short-term contract liabilities |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | 60 |
Long-term contract liabilities |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |
The Company recognized revenues of $25 million during the first quarter of 2018 which were included in short-term contract liability balance at the beginning of the period. There were no contract assets and liabilities that were recognized during the first quarter of 2018 as a result of business combinations. There were no significant adjustments to revenue from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods and there were no contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period that transferred to receivables during the first quarter of 2018. Substantially all of the purchase orders and statements of work related to contracts with customers require delivery of the product or service within one year or less. For certain service contracts that exceed one year, the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed. Accordingly, the Company has applied the optional exemption provided by the new revenue recognition standard relating to unsatisfied performance obligations and does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for its contracts.
Costs to Obtain a Contract | Costs to Obtain a Contract The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The Company has determined that certain rebate incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized. These costs are periodically reviewed for impairment, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit. As of March 31, 2018, capitalized acquisition cost amounted to $39 million, which is reflected in short-term contract assets and long-term contract assets in the table above. During the first quarter of 2018, amortization expense was $7 million, and there was no impairment loss in relation to costs capitalized. The Company had no asset impairment charges related to contract assets in the period.

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