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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]  
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Authorized Common Stock

On June 6, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to increase the number of authorized shares of our common stock from 300,000,000 shares to 450,000,000 shares. The foregoing amendment was approved by our stockholders at our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders held on June 6, 2019.

At Market Issuance Sales Agreements

On August 28, 2015, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or the 2015 Sales Agreement, with MLV & Co. LLC, or MLV, under which we could elect to issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000. Pursuant to the 2015 Sales Agreement, common stock was sold at market prices prevailing at the time of sale through MLV as our sales agent. We paid MLV an aggregate commission rate equal to up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sales price per share for common stock sold through MLV under the 2015 Sales Agreement. During the six months ended June 30, 2018,  we completed the sale of the remaining common stock subject to the 2015 Sales Agreement and issued an aggregate of 13,195,106 shares of our common stock, resulting in net cash proceeds to us of approximately $47,651,000 after deducting sales commissions and other offering expenses payable by us. No further shares of common stock may be sold under the 2015 Sales Agreement.

On May 18, 2018, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or the 2018 Sales Agreement, with B. Riley FBR, Inc., or B. Riley FBR, pursuant to which we may elect to issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 in such quantities and on such minimum price terms as we set from time to time through B. Riley FBR as our sales agent. We pay B. Riley FBR an aggregate commission rate equal to up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sales price per share for common stock sold through B. Riley FBR under the 2018 Sales Agreement. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we sold an aggregate of 108,386 shares of our common stock pursuant to the 2018 Sales Agreement, resulting in net cash proceeds to us of approximately $101,000, after deducting sales commissions and other offering expenses payable by us. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we sold an aggregate of 9,447,026 shares of our common stock pursuant to the 2018 Sales Agreement, resulting in net cash proceeds to us of approximately $36,208,000, after deducting sales commission and other offering expenses payable by us. The 2018 Sales Agreement will expire upon the earlier of: (a) the sale of all common stock subject to the 2018 Sales Agreement and (b) May 18, 2021.