<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-20-296971.txt : 20201118
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-20-296971.hdr.sgml : 20201118
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20201118161854
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-20-296971
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20201117
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20201118
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20201118

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Kodiak Sciences Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001468748
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES) [2836]
		IRS NUMBER:				270476525
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-38682
		FILM NUMBER:		201325327

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1200 PAGE MILL RD
		CITY:			PALO ALTO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94304
		BUSINESS PHONE:		650-281-0850

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1200 PAGE MILL RD
		CITY:			PALO ALTO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94304

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Oligasis, LLC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20090721
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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;8.01</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Other Events. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On November&#160;17, 2020, Kodiak Sciences Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into an underwriting agreement (the &#8220;Underwriting Agreement&#8221;) with J.P.&#160;Morgan Securities LLC, Morgan Stanley&#160;&amp; Co. LLC, Jefferies LLC and Evercore Group L.L.C., as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (collectively, the &#8220;Underwriters&#8221;), relating to the public offering, issuance and sale of 5,193,237 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 (&#8220;Common Stock&#8221;). The price to the public in the offering is $108.00 per share of Common Stock, and the Underwriters have agreed to purchase the shares from the Company pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement at a price of $102.60 per share. The gross proceeds to the Company from the offering are expected to be approximately $560.9&#160;million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, or $645.0&#160;million if the Underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares. In addition, under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company also granted the Underwriters an option exercisable for 30 days to purchase up to an additional 778,985 shares of Common Stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The offering is expected to close on or about November&#160;20, 2020, subject to customary closing conditions. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company and the Underwriters, including for liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other obligations of the parties and termination provisions. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Underwriting Agreement were made only for purposes of such agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties, including being qualified by confidential disclosures exchanged between the parties in connection with the execution of the Underwriting Agreement. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The offering is being made pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">S-3</span> (File <span style="white-space:nowrap">No.&#160;333-250109)</span> and an accompanying prospectus previously filed with the SEC and a preliminary and final prospectus supplement thereunder. The Underwriting Agreement is filed as Exhibit&#160;1.1 hereto, and the description of the material terms of the Underwriting Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit. A copy of the opinion of Cooley LLP relating to the legality of the issuance and sale of the shares in the offering is attached as Exhibit 5.1 hereto. </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Financial Statements and Exhibits. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:italic">(d) Exhibits. </span></p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:inline-block; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Description</p></td></tr>


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<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d61630dex11.htm">Underwriting Agreement, dated as of November&#160;17, 2020, by and among Kodiak Sciences Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Morgan Stanley&#160;&amp; Co. LLC, Jefferies LLC and Evercore Group L.L.C. </a></td></tr>
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 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">SIGNATURES </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom" colspan="3">KODIAK SCIENCES INC.</td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">Date: November&#160;18, 2020</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Victor Perlroth</p></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom">Victor Perlroth, M.D.</td></tr>
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<TYPE>EX-1.1
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 1.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">EXECUTION VERSION </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>KODIAK
SCIENCES INC. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>5,193,237 Shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Underwriting Agreement </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">November&nbsp;17, 2020 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES
LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">MORGAN STANLEY&nbsp;&amp; CO. LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">JEFFERIES LLC </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">EVERCORE GROUP L.L.C. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As Representatives of the </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">several Underwriters listed </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">in
Schedule 1 hereto </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c/o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">383 Madison Avenue </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY
10179 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c/o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1585 Broadway </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY 10036
</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c/o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Jefferies LLC </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">520 Madison Avenue </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY
10022 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c/o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Evercore Group L.L.C. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">55 East 52nd Street </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY
10055 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Kodiak
Sciences Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#147;Company&#148;), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters listed in Schedule 1 hereto (the &#147;Underwriters&#148;), for whom you are acting as representatives (the
&#147;Representatives&#148;), an aggregate of 5,193,237 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the &#147;Underwritten Shares&#148;) and, at the option of the Underwriters, up to an additional 778,985 shares of common
stock of the Company (the &#147;Option Shares&#148;). The Underwritten Shares and the Option Shares are herein referred to as the &#147;Shares&#148;. The shares of common stock of the Company to be outstanding after giving effect to the sale of the
Shares are referred to herein as the &#147;Stock&#148;. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company hereby confirms its agreement with the several Underwriters concerning the
purchase and sale of the Shares, as follows: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Registration Statement</U>. The Company has prepared and filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#147;Commission&#148;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the &#147;Securities Act&#148;), a registration
statement (File No.&nbsp;333-250109), including a prospectus, relating to the Shares. Such registration statement, as amended at the time it became effective, including the information, if any, deemed pursuant to Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the
Securities Act to be part of the registration statement at the time of its effectiveness (&#147;Rule 430 Information&#148;), is referred to herein as the &#147;Registration Statement&#148;; and as used herein, the term &#147;Preliminary
Prospectus&#148; means each prospectus included in such registration statement (and any amendments thereto) before effectiveness, any prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act and the prospectus included
in the Registration Statement at the time of its effectiveness that omits Rule 430 Information, and the term &#147;Prospectus&#148; means the prospectus in the form first used (or made available upon request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under
the Securities Act) in connection with confirmation of sales of the Shares. If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the &#147;Rule 462 Registration Statement&#148;), then any
reference herein to the term &#147;Registration Statement&#148; shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement. Any reference in this underwriting agreement (this &#147;Agreement&#148;) to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary
Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> under the Securities Act, as of the effective date of the
Registration Statement or the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, and any reference to &#147;amend&#148;, &#147;amendment&#148; or &#147;supplement&#148; with respect to the Registration Statement, any
Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents filed after such date under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the
&#147;Exchange Act&#148;) that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At or prior to the Applicable Time (as defined below), the Company had prepared the following information (collectively with the pricing
information set forth on Annex A, the &#147;Pricing Disclosure Package&#148;): a Preliminary Prospectus dated November&nbsp;16, 2020 and each &#147;free-writing prospectus&#148; (as defined pursuant to Rule 405 under the Securities Act) listed on
Annex A hereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;Applicable Time&#148; means 7:00 P.M., New York City time, on November&nbsp;17, 2020. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Purchase of the Shares</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company agrees to issue and sell the Underwritten Shares to the several Underwriters as provided in this
underwriting agreement (this &#147;Agreement&#148;), and each Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase
at a price per share of $102.60 (the &#147;Purchase Price&#148;) from the Company the respective number of Underwritten Shares set forth opposite such Underwriter&#146;s name in Schedule 1 hereto. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the Company agrees to issue and sell the Option Shares to the several
Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and the Underwriters, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, shall have the option to purchase, severally and not
jointly, from the Company the Option Shares at the Purchase Price less an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared by the Company and payable on the Underwritten Shares but not payable on the Option Shares. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If any Option Shares are to be purchased, the number of Option Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter shall be the number of Option Shares
which bears the same ratio to the aggregate number of Option Shares being purchased as the number of Underwritten Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule 1 hereto (or such number increased as set forth in Section&nbsp;10
hereof) bears to the aggregate number of Underwritten Shares being purchased from the Company by the several Underwriters, subject, however, to such adjustments to eliminate any fractional Shares as the Representatives in their sole discretion shall
make. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Underwriters may exercise the option to purchase Option Shares at any time in whole, or from time to time in part, on or before
the thirtieth day following the date of the Prospectus, by written notice from the Representatives to the Company. Such notice shall set forth the aggregate number of Option Shares as to which the option is being exercised and the date and time when
the Option Shares are to be delivered and paid for, which may be the same date and time as the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined) but shall not be earlier than the Closing Date nor later than the tenth full business day (as hereinafter defined)
after the date of such notice (unless such time and date are postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;10 hereof). Any such notice shall be given at least two business days prior to the date and time of delivery specified therein.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company understands that the Underwriters intend to make a public offering of the Shares, and initially to
offer the Shares on the terms set forth in the Pricing Disclosure Package. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters may offer and sell Shares to or through any affiliate of an Underwriter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment for the Shares shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account specified by
the Company to the Representatives in the case of the Underwritten Shares, at the offices of Davis Polk&nbsp;&amp; Wardwell LLP, 1600 El Camino Real, Menlo Park, California at 10:00 A.M. New York City time on November&nbsp;20, 2020, or at such other
time or place on the same or such other date, not later than the fifth business day thereafter, as the Representatives and the Company may agree upon in writing or, in the case of the Option Shares, on the date and at the time and place specified by
the Representatives in the written notice of the Underwriters&#146; election to purchase such Option Shares. The time and date of such payment for the Underwritten Shares is referred to herein as the &#147;Closing Date&#148;, and the time and date
for such payment for the Option Shares, if other than the Closing Date, is herein referred to as the &#147;Additional Closing Date&#148;. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Payment for the Shares to be purchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall be made against delivery
to the Representatives for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters of the Shares to be purchased on such date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the sale of such Shares
duly paid by the Company. Delivery of the Shares shall be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company (&#147;DTC&#148;) unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Representatives and
the other Underwriters are acting solely in the capacity of an arm&#146;s length contractual counterparty to the Company with respect to the offering of Shares contemplated hereby (including in connection with determining the terms of the offering)
and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, the Company or any other person. Additionally, neither the Representatives nor any other Underwriter is advising the Company or any other person as to any legal, tax, investment,
accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction. The Company shall consult with its own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated
hereby, and neither the Representatives nor the other Underwriters shall have any responsibility or liability to the Company with respect thereto. Any review by the Representatives and the other Underwriters of the Company, the transactions
contemplated hereby or other matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Underwriters and shall not be on behalf of the Company. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Representations and Warranties of the Company</U>. The Company represents and warrants to each Underwriter that:
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Preliminary Prospectus.</I> No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary
Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus included in the Pricing Disclosure Package, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, and no Preliminary Prospectus, at the
time of filing thereof, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
<U>provided</U> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such
Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;7(b)
hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Pricing Disclosure Package</I>. The Pricing Disclosure Package as of the Applicable
Time did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; <U>provided</U> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating
to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter
consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;7(b) hereof. No statement of material fact </P>
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included in the Prospectus has been omitted from the Pricing Disclosure Package and no statement of material fact included in the Pricing Disclosure Package that is required to be included in the
Prospectus has been omitted therefrom. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. </I>Other than the
Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not prepared, made, used, authorized, approved or referred to
and will not prepare, make, use, authorize, approve or refer to any &#147;written communication&#148; (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy the Shares (each such
communication by the Company or its agents and representatives (other than a communication referred to in clause (i)&nbsp;below) an &#147;Issuer Free Writing Prospectus&#148;) other than (i)&nbsp;any document not constituting a prospectus pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2(a)(10)(a) of the Securities Act or Rule 134 under the Securities Act or (ii)&nbsp;the documents listed on Annex A hereto, each electronic road show and any other written communications approved in writing in advance by the
Representatives. Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus complies in all material respects with the Securities Act, has been or will be (within the time period specified in Rule 433) filed in accordance with the Securities Act (to the extent
required thereby) and does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Pricing Disclosure Package, and, when taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus accompanying, or delivered prior to delivery of, such
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; <U>provided</U> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in each such Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus or Preliminary Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus or Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;7(b) hereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Emerging Growth Company</I>. From the time of initial filing of the Registration Statement to the
Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT>
Communication undertaken in reliance on Section&nbsp;5(d) of the Securities Act) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an &#147;emerging growth company,&#148; as defined in Section&nbsp;2(a) of the Securities Act (an &#147;Emerging
Growth Company&#148;). <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication&#148; means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on either
Section&nbsp;5(d) of, or Rule 163B under, the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Materials. </I>The Company (i)&nbsp;has not alone engaged in any
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communications in connection with the offering of the Shares other than
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communications with the consent of the Representatives </P>
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(x) with entities that are qualified institutional buyers (&#147;QIBs&#148;) within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the
meaning of Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act (&#147;IAIs&#148;) and otherwise in compliance with the requirements of Section&nbsp;5(d) of the Securities Act or (y)&nbsp;with entities that the Company
reasonably believed to be QIBs or IAIs and otherwise in compliance with the requirements of Rule 163B under the Securities Act and (ii)&nbsp;has not authorized anyone other than the Representatives to engage in <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communications in connection with the offering of the Shares. The Company reconfirms that the Representatives have been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communications. The Company has not distributed any Written
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communications. &#147;Written <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication&#148;
means any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act. Any individual Written <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Pricing Disclosure Package, complied in all material
respects with the Securities Act, and when taken together with the Pricing Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time, did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Registration Statement and Prospectus.</I> The Registration Statement is an &#147;automatic shelf
registration statement&#148; as defined under Rule 405 of the Securities Act that has been filed with the Commission not earlier than three years prior to the date hereof; and no notice of objection of the Commission to the use of such registration
statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act has been received by the Company. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued by the Commission, and no
proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act against the Company or related to the offering of the Shares has been initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission; as of the applicable
effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act, and did not and will
not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or
supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Prospectus will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; <U>provided</U> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any
statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;7(b) hereof. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Incorporated Documents.</I> The documents
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Pricing Disclosure Package, when they were filed with the Commission conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of such
documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further documents so
filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Pricing Disclosure Package, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and
will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Financial Statements.</I> The financial statements (including the related notes thereto) of the
Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act
and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations and the changes in their cash
flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared, in all material respects, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (&#147;U.S. GAAP&#148;) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods
covered thereby, and any supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement present fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be stated therein; and the other financial information included
or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and presents fairly, in all material
respects, the information shown thereby. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Material Adverse Change.</I> There has not
occurred any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole,
from that set forth in the Pricing Disclosure Package. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (A)&nbsp;the Company and its
subsidiaries have not incurred any material liability or obligation, direct or contingent, nor entered into any material transaction, in each case that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; (B)&nbsp;the Company has not
purchased any of its outstanding capital stock other than from employees or other service providers in connection with such person&#146;s termination of service from the Company or its subsidiaries pursuant to equity compensation plans or agreements
described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or in exercise of the Company&#146;s right of first refusal upon a proposed </P>
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transfer, nor declared, paid or otherwise made any dividend or distribution of any kind on its capital stock other than ordinary and customary dividends; and (C)&nbsp;there has not been any
material change in the capital stock (other than the exercise of equity awards or grants of equity awards or forfeiture of equity awards outstanding as of such respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Registration Statement,
the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, in each case granted pursuant to the equity compensation plans described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus),
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">short-term</FONT> debt or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">long-term</FONT> debt of the Company and its subsidiaries; except in each case as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Organization and Good Standing of the Company.</I> The Company
has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, has the corporate power and authority to own or lease its property and to conduct its business as described in the Pricing
Disclosure Package and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction (to the extent the concept of good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction) in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or
leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing (to the extent the concept of good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction) would not have a material adverse effect
on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (a &#147;Material Adverse Effect&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Organization and Good Standing of the Subsidiaries. </I>Each subsidiary of the Company has been
duly organized, is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, has the corporate or other organizational power and authority to own or lease its property and to conduct its business as described in
the Pricing Disclosure Package and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction (to the extent the concept of good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction) in which the conduct of its business or its
ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing (to the extent the concept of good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction) would not be reasonably
likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. All of the issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable</FONT> and are
owned directly by the Company or a subsidiary of the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Underwriting Agreement. </I>This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by
the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>The Shares. </I>The Shares to be issued and sold by the Company hereunder have
been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued and delivered and paid for as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued, will be fully paid and nonassessable and will conform to the descriptions thereof in the Registration Statement, the
Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and the issuance of the Shares is not subject to any preemptive or similar rights. The authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as to legal matters in all material respects to the description
thereof contained in each of the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(n)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Violation or Default.</I> Neither the
Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (i)&nbsp;in violation of its certificate of incorporation or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">by-laws</FONT> or similar organizational documents; (ii)&nbsp;in default, and no event has occurred that, with
notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which
the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any property or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject; or (iii)&nbsp;in violation of any applicable law or
statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any subsidiary, except, in the case of clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii) above, for any such
default or violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(o)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Conflicts. </I>The execution and delivery by the Company of, and the performance by the
Company of its obligations under, this Agreement will not contravene any provision of (i)&nbsp;applicable law, (ii)&nbsp;the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, (iii)&nbsp;any agreement or other instrument binding upon the Company
or any of its subsidiaries that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iv)&nbsp;any judgment, order or decree of any governmental body, agency or court having jurisdiction over the Company or any subsidiary, except,
in the cases of clauses (i), (iii) and (iv), as would not reasonably be likely to have a Material Adverse Effect or adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement, and no consent, approval, authorization
or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or agency is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement, except such as may have been previously obtained or may be required by the Nasdaq Stock
Market, the securities or Blue Sky laws of the various states or foreign jurisdictions or the rules and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (&#147;FINRA&#148;) in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(p)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Legal Proceedings.</I> There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject (i)&nbsp;other than (A)&nbsp;proceedings accurately described in
all material respects in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and (B)&nbsp;proceedings that would not have a Material Adverse Effect, or would not have a material effect on the power or ability of the Company
to perform its obligations under this Agreement or (ii)&nbsp;that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and are not so described in all material respects; and there are no statutes, regulations, contracts or
other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not described in all material respects or filed as required. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(q)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Independent Accountants</I>.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and
regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(r)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Title to Real and Personal Property</I>. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries owns any real
property. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all personal property (other than intellectual property, which is addressed exclusively in Section&nbsp;1(x) owned by them which is material to the business of the Company
and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or such as do not materially
affect the value of such property and do not interfere in any material respect with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and
its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and, to the knowledge of the Company, enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property
and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(s)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Intellectual Property.</I> Except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect, the Company and its subsidiaries own or possess or have the right to use, or can acquire on commercially reasonable terms, adequate rights to use all inventions, patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names, copyrights,
licenses, technology, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how</FONT> (including trade secrets and other confidential information) and other unpatented and/or unpatentable intellectual property and proprietary or confidential information, systems
or procedures (including all goodwill associated with the foregoing and all registrations and applications for registration of, the foregoing) (collectively, &#147;Intellectual Property&#148;) employed by them to conduct their respective businesses
as currently conducted by them and as currently proposed to be conducted by them in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (the &#147;Company Intellectual Property&#148;). Except as would not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i)&nbsp;the conduct of each of the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries has not infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated any Intellectual Property of others; (ii)&nbsp;neither
the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received written notice that any of the Company Intellectual Property that is owned by a third party has been obtained or is being used by the Company or one of its subsidiaries in violation of a
contractual obligation binding on the Company or one of its subsidiaries; and (iii)&nbsp;there is no pending or, to the Company&#146;s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim (A)&nbsp;challenging the Company&#146;s or any subsidiary
of the Company&#146;s rights in or to, or alleging the violation of any of the terms of, any of the Company Intellectual Property; (B)&nbsp;alleging that the Company or any of its subsidiaries has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated or
conflicted with any Intellectual Property of any third party; or (C)&nbsp;challenging the validity, scope or </P>
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enforceability of any Company Intellectual Property owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company or any of its subsidiaries. To the knowledge of the Company, except as would not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, no third party has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated or conflicted with any Company Intellectual Property owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company or any of its subsidiaries. To the
knowledge of the Company, all Company Intellectual Property owned by the Company or its subsidiaries is valid and enforceable, is owned solely by the Company or its subsidiaries and is owned free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, defects and
other restrictions. The Company and its subsidiaries have at all times taken reasonable steps in accordance with normal industry practice to maintain the confidentiality of all Company Intellectual Property, the value of which to the Company or any
of its subsidiaries is contingent upon maintaining the confidentiality thereof. To the knowledge of the Company, all founders, current and former employees, contractors, consultants and other parties involved in the development of Company
Intellectual Property for the Company or any subsidiary of the Company have signed confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with the Company or such subsidiary of the Company, as applicable, pursuant to which the Company or subsidiary of
the Company, as applicable, either (x)&nbsp;has obtained ownership of and is the exclusive owner of such Intellectual Property, or (y)&nbsp;has obtained a valid right to exploit such Intellectual Property, sufficient for the conduct of its business
as currently conducted. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(t)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Undisclosed Relationships</I>. No relationship, direct or
indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers, suppliers or other affiliates of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other, that is required
by the Securities Act to be described in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the Pricing Disclosure Package. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(u)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Investment Company Act</I>. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale
of the Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will not be required to register as an &#147;investment company&#148; or an entity
&#147;controlled&#148; by an &#147;investment company&#148; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the &#147;Investment Company Act&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(v)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Taxes.</I> The Company and each of its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and
foreign tax returns required to be filed through the date of this Agreement or have requested extensions thereof (except where the failure to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect)
and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon (except for cases in which the failure to pay would not be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, or, except as currently being contested in good faith and for which reserves required
by U.S. GAAP have been created in the financial statements of the Company), and no unpaid tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries which has had (nor does the Company nor any of its subsidiaries have any
notice or knowledge of any unpaid tax deficiency which could reasonably be expected to be determined adversely to the Company or its subsidiaries and which could reasonably be expected to have) a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(w)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Clinical Data and Regulatory Compliance</I>.
The Company and its subsidiaries have operated and currently are in compliance with all applicable rules, regulations and policies of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and applicable foreign regulatory authorities (collectively, the
&#147;Regulatory Authorities&#148;) in all material respects. The studies, tests and preclinical and clinical trials conducted by the Company or its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, any studies, tests and preclinical and clinical
trials conducted on behalf of the Company or in which the Company has participated, were, and if still pending are, being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable rules and regulations of the Regulatory Authorities and
current Good Clinical Practices and Good Laboratory Practices; the descriptions of the results of such trials and studies contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all
material respects and fairly present the data derived from such trials and studies; the Company has no knowledge of any other studies or trials not described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the
results of which are inconsistent with or call into question the results described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries have received any
written notices, correspondence or other communications from any Regulatory Authority or any other governmental agency requiring or threatening the termination, material modification or suspension of any studies or trials that are described in the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and, to the Company&#146;s knowledge, there are no
reasonable grounds for the same. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(x)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Licenses and Permits.</I> The Company and its subsidiaries
possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses, including, without limitation, from the Regulatory Authorities, except
where the failure to obtain such certificates, authorizations or permits would not, singly or in the aggregate, be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of
proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would have a Material Adverse Effect, except as
described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(y)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Labor Disputes.</I> No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries exists, except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent; and the Company is not aware of any existing, threatened or imminent labor
disturbance by the employees of any of its principal suppliers, manufacturers or contractors that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(z)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Certain Environmental Matters</I>. The Company
and its subsidiaries (i)&nbsp;are in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes,
pollutants or contaminants (&#147;Environmental Laws&#148;), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii)&nbsp;are in compliance
with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of
such permits, licenses or approvals would not, singly or in the aggregate, be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. There are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or
operating expenditures required for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">clean-up,</FONT> closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential
liabilities to third parties) which would, singly or in the aggregate, be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(aa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Compliance with ERISA</I>. (i)&nbsp;Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of
Section&nbsp;3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (&#147;ERISA&#148;), for which the Company or any member of its &#147;Controlled Group&#148; (defined as any entity, whether or not incorporated, that is under
common control with the Company within the meaning of Section&nbsp;4001(a)(14) of ERISA or any entity that would be regarded as a single employer with the Company under Section&nbsp;414(b),(c),(m) or (o)&nbsp;of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the &#147;Code&#148;)) would have any liability (each, a &#147;Plan&#148;) has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA
and the Code; (ii)&nbsp;no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section&nbsp;406 of ERISA or Section&nbsp;4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan, excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative
exemption; (iii)&nbsp;for each Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section&nbsp;412 of the Code or Section&nbsp;302 of ERISA, no Plan has failed (whether or not waived), or is reasonably expected to fail, to satisfy the minimum funding
standards (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;302 of ERISA or Section&nbsp;412 of the Code) applicable to such Plan; (iv)&nbsp;no Plan is, or is reasonably expected to be, in &#147;at risk status&#148; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;303(i) of
ERISA) and no Plan that is a &#147;multiemployer plan&#148; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;4001(a)(3) of ERISA is in &#147;endangered status&#148; or &#147;critical status&#148; (within the meaning of Sections 304 and 305 of ERISA)&nbsp;(v) the
fair market value of the assets of each Plan exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such Plan (determined based on those assumptions used to fund such Plan); (vi) no &#147;reportable event&#148; (within the meaning of
Section&nbsp;4043(c) of ERISA and the regulations promulgated thereunder) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur; (vii)&nbsp;each Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section&nbsp;401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and nothing has
occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification; (viii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any member of the Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of
ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation, in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a &#147;multiemployer
</P>
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plan&#148; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;4001(a)(3) of ERISA); and (ix)&nbsp;none of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (A)&nbsp;a material increase in the
aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans by the Company or its Controlled Group affiliates in the current fiscal year of the Company and its Controlled Group affiliates compared to the amount of such contributions made in
the Company&#146;s and its Controlled Group affiliates&#146; most recently completed fiscal year; or (B)&nbsp;a material increase in the Company and its subsidiaries&#146; &#147;accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations&#148; (within the
meaning of Accounting Standards Codification Topic <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">715-60)</FONT> compared to the amount of such obligations in the Company and its subsidiaries&#146; most recently completed fiscal year, except in each case with
respect to the events or conditions set forth in (i)&nbsp;through (ix) hereof, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(bb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Disclosure Controls</I>. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain an effective system of
&#147;disclosure controls and procedures&#148; (as defined in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(e)</FONT> of the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and that has been designed to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission&#146;s rules and forms, including controls and
procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company&#146;s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company and its subsidiaries have carried out
evaluations of the effectiveness of their disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15</FONT> of the Exchange Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(cc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Accounting Controls.</I> The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal
accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i)&nbsp;transactions are executed in accordance with management&#146;s general or specific authorizations; (ii)&nbsp;transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii)&nbsp;access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&#146;s general or specific authorization; and (iv)&nbsp;the recorded accountability
for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, since the
end of the Company&#146;s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (A)&nbsp;no material weakness in the Company&#146;s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (B)&nbsp;no change in the Company&#146;s internal
control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company&#146;s internal control over financial reporting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(dd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>eXtensible Business Reporting Language.</I> The interactive data in eXtensible Business
Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission&#146;s rules and guidelines applicable
thereto. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ee)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Insurance. </I>The Company and each of its
subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as, in the Company&#146;s reasonable judgment, are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged;
neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance
coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, except as described in the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ff)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Cybersecurity;
Data Protection. </I>The Company and its subsidiaries&#146; information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (including the data of their respective customers,
employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of the Company and its subsidiaries) (collectively, &#147;<U>IT Systems</U>&#148;) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in
connection with the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted, and, to the knowledge of the Company, are free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other
corruptants. The Company and its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards necessary to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity,
continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data (including all personal, personally identifiable, household, sensitive, confidential or regulated data (&#147;Data&#148;)) used in connection with their businesses. Without
limiting the foregoing, the Company and its subsidiaries have used reasonable efforts to establish and maintain, and have established, maintained, implemented and complied with, reasonable information technology, information security, cyber security
and data protection controls, policies and procedures, including oversight, access controls, encryption, technological and physical safeguards and business continuity/disaster recovery and security plans that are designed to protect against and
prevent breach, destruction, loss, unauthorized distribution, use, access, disablement, misappropriation or modification, or other compromise or misuse of or relating to any information technology system or Data used in connection with the operation
of the Company&#146;s and its subsidiaries&#146; businesses (&#147;Breach&#148;) and there has been no such Breach. The Company and its subsidiaries have not been notified of and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be
expected to result in, any such Breach. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(gg)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Privacy.</I> (i)&nbsp;The Company and its
subsidiaries have complied, and are presently in compliance, in all material respects, with all internal and external privacy policies, contractual obligations, industry standards, applicable laws, statutes, judgments, orders, rules and regulations
of any court or arbitrator or other governmental or regulatory authority and any legal obligations regarding the collection, use, transfer, import, export, storage, protection, disposal and disclosure by the Company and its subsidiaries of Data
(&#147;Data Security Obligations&#148;); (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notification of or complaint regarding, and are aware of </P>
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any other facts that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably indicate <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-compliance</FONT> with any Data Security Obligation; and (iii)&nbsp;there is
no pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body pending or threatened alleging <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-compliance</FONT> with any
Data Security Obligation. The Company and its subsidiaries have at all times taken steps reasonably necessary in accordance with industry standard practices (including, without limitation, implementing and monitoring compliance with adequate
measures with respect to technical and physical security) to protect Data owned, collected or otherwise processed by the Company or its subsidiaries against loss and against unauthorized access, use, modification, disclosure or other misuse, except
in each case to the extent that the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. To the knowledge of the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration
Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or as would not individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, there has been no unauthorized access to such
information. The Company and its subsidiaries have taken all necessary actions to comply with all applicable laws and regulations with respect to Personal Data that have been announced as of the date hereof as becoming effective within 12 months
after the date hereof, and for which any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-compliance</FONT> with same would be reasonably likely to create a material liability, as soon they take effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(hh)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Unlawful Payments.</I> (i)&nbsp;None of the Company or its subsidiaries or controlled
affiliates, or any director, officer or employee thereof, or, to the Company&#146;s knowledge, any agent or representative of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates, has taken any action in furtherance of an offer,
payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment, giving or receipt of money, property, gifts or anything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any government official (including any officer or employee of a government or
government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office)
(&#147;Government Official&#148;) in order to improperly influence official action in violation of, to the extent applicable to the Company or its subsidiaries, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or
regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act of 2010 of the United Kingdom, or any other applicable anti-bribery or
anti-corruption laws (collectively, the &#147;Anti-Corruption Laws&#148;); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries and controlled affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have instituted and
maintained and will continue to maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance with such laws and with the representations and warranties contained herein; and (iii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor its
subsidiaries will use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds of the offering in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any person in violation of the
Anti-Corruption laws. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering
Laws</I>. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended
by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and
its subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the &#147;Anti-Money Laundering
Laws&#148;), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(jj)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. </I>(i) None of the
Company, any of its subsidiaries, or any director, officer, or employee thereof, or, to the Company&#146;s knowledge, any agent, controlled affiliate or representative of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is an individual or entity
(&#147;Person&#148;) that is, or is owned or controlled by one or more Persons that are: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury&#146;s Office of Foreign Assets Control (&#147;OFAC&#148;), the United Nations Security Council (&#147;UNSC&#148;), the European Union (&#147;EU&#148;), Her
Majesty&#146;s Treasury (&#147;HMT&#148;), or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, &#147;Sanctions&#148;), or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions
(including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company will
not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or
territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any
Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For the past five years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are
not now knowingly engaged in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(kk)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Restrictions on Subsidiaries</I>. No
subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such
subsidiary&#146;s capital stock or similar ownership interest, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary&#146;s properties or assets to the Company or any other
subsidiary of the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ll)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Broker&#146;s Fees.</I> Neither the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against any of them or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder&#146;s fee or like
payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(mm)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Registration Rights</I>.
There are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any securities of the Company or
to require the Company to include such securities with the Shares registered pursuant to the Registration Statement, except as otherwise have been validly waived or complied with in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares contemplated
hereby. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(nn)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Stabilization.</I> Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or affiliates
has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(oo)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Margin Rules</I>. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Shares nor the application of
the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other
regulation of such Board of Governors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(pp)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Forward-Looking Statements.</I> No forward-looking
statement (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act and Section&nbsp;21E of the Exchange Act) included or incorporated by reference in any of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been
made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(qq)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Statistical and Market Data.</I> Any statistical and market-related data included in the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes, after reasonable inquiry, to be reliable and accurate in all material respects and, to the extent required, the
Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(rr)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</I>. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of
the Company&#146;s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the &#147;Sarbanes-Oxley Act&#148;),
including Section&nbsp;402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ss)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Status under the Securities Act</I>. At the
time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a <I>bona fide</I> offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities
Act) of the Shares and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an &#147;ineligible issuer,&#148; and is a well-known seasoned issuer, in each case as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company has paid the registration fee
for this offering pursuant to Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act or will pay such fee within the time period required by such rule (without giving effect to the proviso therein) and in any event prior to the Closing Date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(tt)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Ratings</I>. There are (and prior to the Closing Date, will be) no debt securities,
convertible securities or preferred stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries that are rated by a &#147;nationally recognized statistical rating organization&#148;, as such term is defined in Section&nbsp;3(a)(62) under
the Exchange Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Further Agreements of the Company</U>. The Company covenants and agrees with each
Underwriter that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Required Filings.</I> The Company will file the final Prospectus with the
Commission within the time periods specified by Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act, will file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act; and the Company will file
promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of the Prospectus and for
so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares; and the Company will furnish copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered) to the
Underwriters in New York City prior to 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement in such quantities as the Representatives may reasonably request. The Company will pay the registration fee for
this offering within the time period required by Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act (without giving effect to the proviso therein) and in any event prior to the Closing Date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Delivery of Copies.</I> Upon the request of the Representatives, the Company will deliver,
without charge, (i)&nbsp;to the Representatives, five signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto, in each case including all exhibits and consents filed therewith and documents incorporated by
reference therein; and (ii)&nbsp;to each Underwriter (A)&nbsp;a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) and (B)&nbsp;during the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), as
many copies of the Prospectus (including all amendments and supplements thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus) as the Representatives may reasonably request. As used herein, the term
&#147;Prospectus Delivery </P>
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Period&#148; means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Shares as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters a prospectus relating to the Shares is required
by law to be delivered (or required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Shares by any Underwriter or dealer. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Amendments or Supplements, Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses.</I> Before making, preparing, using,
authorizing, approving, referring to or filing any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and before filing any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, whether before or after the time that
the Registration Statement becomes effective, the Company will furnish to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters a copy of the proposed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, amendment or supplement for review and will not make, prepare, use,
authorize, approve, refer to or file any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably object. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Notice to the Representatives.</I> The Company will advise the Representatives promptly, and
confirm such advice in writing, (i)&nbsp;when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective; (ii)&nbsp;when any supplement to the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any
Written <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication or any amendment to the Prospectus has been filed or distributed; (iii)&nbsp;of any request by the Commission for any amendment
to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or the receipt of any comments from the Commission relating to the Registration Statement or any other request by the Commission for any additional information including,
but not limited to, any request for information concerning any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication; (iv)&nbsp;of the issuance by the Commission or any other governmental or
regulatory authority of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Written <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act; (v)&nbsp;of the
occurrence of any event or development within the Prospectus Delivery Period as a result of which the Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in
the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package, any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT>
Communication is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading; (vi)&nbsp;of the receipt by the Company of any notice of objection of the Commission to the use of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule
401(g)(2) under the Securities Act; and (vii)&nbsp;of the receipt by the Company of any notice with respect to any suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offer and sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any
proceeding for such purpose; and the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus,
any of the Pricing </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or any Written <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication or suspending any such
qualification of the Shares and, if any such order is issued, will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal thereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Ongoing Compliance.</I> (1)&nbsp;If during the Prospectus Delivery Period (i)&nbsp;any event or
development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii)&nbsp;it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with law, the Company will immediately notify the
Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c)&nbsp;above, file with the Commission and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate such amendments or supplements to the Prospectus
(or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by
reference therein) will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus will comply with law and (2)&nbsp;if at any time prior to the Closing Date (i)&nbsp;any
event or development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Pricing Disclosure Package as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii)&nbsp;it is necessary to amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package to comply
with law, the Company will immediately notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c)&nbsp;above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the
Representatives may designate such amendments or supplements to the Pricing Disclosure Package (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in the Pricing
Disclosure Package as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Pricing Disclosure Package will comply with law. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Blue Sky Compliance.</I> The Company will qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the
securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives shall reasonably request and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for distribution of the Shares; <U>provided</U> that the Company shall not be
required to (i)&nbsp;qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to so qualify, (ii)&nbsp;file any general consent to service of process in any such
jurisdiction or (iii)&nbsp;subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Earning Statement. </I>The Company will make generally available to its security holders and the
Representatives as soon as practicable an earning statement that satisfies the provisions of Section&nbsp;11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
Commission promulgated thereunder covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the &#147;effective date&#148; (as defined in
Rule 158) of the Registration Statement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Clear Market.</I> For a period of 60 days after the
date of the Prospectus (the &#147;Restricted Period&#148;), the Company will not (i)&nbsp;offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to
purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or submit to, or file with, the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of Stock or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for Stock, or publicly disclose the intention to undertake any of the foregoing, or (ii)&nbsp;enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of
the Stock or any such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (i)&nbsp;or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the
Representatives, other than (a)&nbsp;the Shares to be sold hereunder, (b)&nbsp;the issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise (including any net exercise) of an option or warrant, or the vesting or settlement of other equity
awards granted under the Company&#146;s stock plans, in each case outstanding on the date hereof , (c) the issuance by the Company of options, restricted stock units or restricted stock awards (including the Common Stock issued upon the settlement
or exercise thereof) to employees, officers, directors, advisors or consultants of the Company pursuant to employee benefit plans (including equity incentive plans) described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the
Prospectus, (d)&nbsp;the filing by the Company of registration statements on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> with respect to employee benefit plans (including any employee benefit plans assumed pursuant to clause (f)), (e) the
establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b5-1</FONT> under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, <I>provided</I> that (i)&nbsp;such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common
Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii)&nbsp;to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing
shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such plan during the Restricted Period, or (f)&nbsp;the issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or
that represent the right to receive Common Stock in connection with (1)&nbsp;the acquisition by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of the securities, business, technology, property or other assets of another person or entity or pursuant to an
employee benefit plan assumed by the Company in connection with such acquisition, (2)&nbsp;the Company&#146;s joint ventures, equipment leasing arrangements, licensing transactions, collaborations, debt financings and other strategic transactions;
<I>provided</I> that the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that the Company may sell or issue or agree to sell or issue pursuant to clause (f)&nbsp;shall not exceed 5% of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately
following the completion of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including the Option Shares, if and to the extent any Option Shares are issued) and the Company shall cause each recipient of such securities to execute and deliver to the
Representatives, on or prior to the issuance of such securities, a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> agreement on substantially the same terms as the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> letter described in Section&nbsp;6(l)
hereof to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Use of Proceeds.</I> The Company will apply
the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading &#147;Use of proceeds&#148;. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Stabilization.</I> Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries or affiliates will take, directly
or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Exchange Listing.</I> The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to list for quotation the
Shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Reports.</I> So long as the Shares are
outstanding, the Company will furnish to the Representatives, as soon as commercially reasonable after the date they are available, copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to holders of the Shares, and copies of
any reports and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange or automatic quotation system; <U>provided</U> the Company will be deemed to have furnished such reports and financial statements to
the Representatives to the extent they are filed on the Commission&#146;s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Record Retention</I>. The Company will, pursuant to reasonable procedures developed in good
faith, retain copies of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not filed with the Commission in accordance with Rule 433 under the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(n)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Shelf Renewal</I>. If immediately prior to the third anniversary (the &#147;Renewal
Deadline&#148;) of the initial effective date of the Registration Statement, any of the Shares remain unsold by the Underwriters, the Company will, prior to the Renewal Deadline, file, if it has not already done so and is eligible to do so, a new
automatic shelf registration statement relating to the Shares, in a form satisfactory to the Representatives. If the Company is not eligible to file an automatic shelf registration statement, the Company will, prior to the Renewal Deadline, if it
has not already done so, file a new shelf registration statement relating to the Shares, in a form satisfactory to the Representatives, and will use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective within 180 days after
the Renewal Deadline. The Company will take all other action necessary or appropriate to permit the issuance and sale of the Shares to continue as contemplated in the expired registration statement relating to the Shares. References herein to the
Registration Statement shall include such new automatic shelf registration statement or such new shelf registration statement, as the case may be. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(o)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Emerging Growth Company</I>. The Company will promptly notify the Representatives if the Company
ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (i)&nbsp;completion of the distribution of Shares within the meaning of the Securities Act and (ii)&nbsp;completion of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">60-day</FONT>
restricted period referred to in Section&nbsp;4(h) hereof. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Certain Agreements of the Underwriters</U>. Each Underwriter
hereby represents and agrees that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It has not and will not use, authorize use of, refer to or
participate in the planning for use of, any &#147;free writing prospectus&#148;, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (which term includes use of any written information furnished to the Commission by the Company and not incorporated by
reference into the Registration Statement and any press release issued by the Company) other than (i)&nbsp;a free writing prospectus that contains no &#147;issuer information&#148; (as defined in Rule 433(h)(2) under the Securities Act) that was not
included (including through incorporation by reference) in the Preliminary Prospectus or a previously filed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, (ii)&nbsp;any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed on Annex A or prepared pursuant to Section&nbsp;3(c) or
Section&nbsp;4(c) above (including any electronic road show), or (iii)&nbsp;any free writing prospectus prepared by such underwriter and approved by the Company in advance in writing (each such free writing prospectus referred to in clauses
(i)&nbsp;or (iii), an &#147;Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It has not and will
not, without the prior written consent of the Company, use any free writing prospectus that contains the final terms of the Shares unless such terms have previously been included in a free writing prospectus filed with the Commission;
<I>provided</I> that Underwriters may use a term sheet substantially in the form of Annex B hereto without the consent of the Company; <I>provided further</I> that any Underwriter using such term sheet shall notify the Company, and provide a copy of
such term sheet to the Company, prior to, or substantially concurrently with, the first use of such term sheet. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act with respect
to the offering (and will promptly notify the Company if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Conditions of Underwriters&#146; Obligations.</U> The obligation of each Underwriter to purchase the Underwritten
Shares on the Closing Date or the Option Shares on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, as provided herein is subject to the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder and to the following additional
conditions: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Registration Compliance; No Stop Order.</I> No order suspending the
effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose, pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A under the Securities Act shall be pending before or threatened by the Commission; the
Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been timely filed with the Commission under the Securities Act (in the case of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act) and in
accordance with Section&nbsp;4(a) hereof; and all requests by the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representatives. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Representations and Warranties.</I> The
representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct on the date hereof and on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be; and the statements of the Company and its officers made
in any certificates delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Material Adverse Change.</I> No event or condition of a type described in Section&nbsp;3(i)
hereof shall have occurred or shall exist, which event or condition is not described in the Pricing Disclosure Package (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the effect
of which in the judgment of the Representatives makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner
contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Officers&#146; Certificate.</I> The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing
Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, a certificate of the chief financial officer or chief accounting officer of the Company and one additional senior executive officer of the Company who is satisfactory to the Representatives
(i)&nbsp;confirming that such officers have carefully reviewed the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and, to the knowledge of such officers, the representations set forth in Sections 3(b) and 3(f) hereof are
true and correct, (ii)&nbsp;confirming that the other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct and that the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed
or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and (iii)&nbsp;to the effect set forth in paragraphs (a)&nbsp;and (c). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Comfort Letters.</I> On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date or the Additional
Closing Date, as the case may be, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants&#146; &#147;comfort letters&#148; to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial
information contained or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; provided, that the letter delivered on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be,
shall use a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;cut-off&#148;</FONT> date no more than two business days prior to such Closing Date or such Additional Closing Date, as the case may be. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> Statement of Counsel for the
Company.</I> Cooley LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> statement, dated the Closing Date or the Additional
Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Representatives, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Opinion of Intellectual Property Counsel for
the Company.</I> Knobbe Martens, outside intellectual property counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the
case may be, and addressed to the Representatives, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> Statement of Counsel for the
Underwriters.</I> The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, an opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> statement, addressed to the Underwriters, of
Davis Polk&nbsp;&amp; Wardwell LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to
enable them to pass upon such matters. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>No Legal Impediment to Issuance and Sale.</I> No
action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing
Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance or sale of the Shares; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be,
prevent the issuance or sale of the Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Good Standing</I>. The Representatives shall
have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its significant subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Regulation <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-X</FONT> promulgated under the Securities Act) in their respective jurisdictions of organization and their good standing in such other jurisdictions as the Representatives may reasonably request (to the extent the
concept of good standing is applicable in each such jurisdiction), in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdictions. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Exchange Listing.</I> The Shares to be delivered on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing
Date, as the case may be, shall have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, subject to official notice of issuance. There shall be no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action or proceeding by the Nasdaq
Stock Market that could result in the suspension or delisting of the Stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-up</FONT> Agreements</I>. The <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;lock-up&#148;</FONT> agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, between you and certain stockholders, officers and directors of
the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on or before the date hereof, shall be full force and effect on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the
case may be. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Additional Documents.</I> On or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional
Closing Date, as the case may be, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives such further certificates and documents as the Representatives may reasonably request. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All opinions, letters, certificates and evidence mentioned above or elsewhere in this
Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Indemnification and Contribution</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Indemnification of the Underwriters.</I> The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its
affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and
liabilities (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such reasonable fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise
out of, or are based upon, (i)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, not misleading, or (ii)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary
Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any &#147;issuer information&#148; filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any Written
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication, any road show as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act (a &#147;road show&#148;) or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including
any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with
any information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter
consists of the information described as such in paragraph (b)&nbsp;below. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Indemnification of the
Company.</I> Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of
Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, but only with respect to any losses, claims, damages or liabilities that arise out of, or are
based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the
Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Communication, any road show or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), it being understood and agreed upon that the
only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each Underwriter: the concession figures appearing in the third paragraph under the caption &#147;Underwriting&#148;;
the information contained in the fifteenth paragraph under the caption </P>
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&#147;Underwriting&#148; beginning with &#147;In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions&#133;&#148;; and the first sentence of the sixteenth
paragraph under the caption &#147;Underwriting&#148; beginning with &#147;The underwriters have advised us that, pursuant to Regulation&nbsp;M&#133;&#148; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Notice and Procedures.</I> If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory
investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to the preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;7, such person (the &#147;Indemnified Person&#148;) shall
promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification may be sought (the &#147;Indemnifying Person&#148;) in writing; <U>provided</U> that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have
under the preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;7 except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that the failure to
notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise than under the preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;7. If any such proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an
Indemnified Person and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person thereof, the Indemnifying Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person (who shall not, without the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel
to the Indemnifying Person) to represent the Indemnified Person and any others entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Section that the Indemnifying Person may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses in such
proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding, as incurred. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such
counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless (i)&nbsp;the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary; (ii)&nbsp;the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain
counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person; (iii)&nbsp;the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the
Indemnifying Person; or (iv)&nbsp;the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be
inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceeding in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees
and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Indemnified Persons, and that all such fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are incurred. Any such separate firm for any Underwriter, its
affiliates, directors and officers and any control persons of such Underwriter shall be designated in writing by the Representatives and any such separate firm for the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and
any control persons of the Company shall be designated in writing by the Company. The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent, the
Indemnifying Person agrees to indemnify each Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement. No Indemnifying Person shall, without the written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any
pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnification could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement (x)&nbsp;includes an
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unconditional release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such
proceeding and (y)&nbsp;does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Contribution.</I> If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a)&nbsp;or (b) above is unavailable to an
Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the
amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i)&nbsp;in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the
Underwriters on the other, from the offering of the Shares or (ii)&nbsp;if the allocation provided by clause (i)&nbsp;is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in
clause (i)&nbsp;but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other
relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds (before deducting expenses) received
by the Company from the sale of the Shares and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters in connection therewith, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate
offering price of the Shares. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the
omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriters and the parties&#146; relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement
or omission. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Limitation on Liability.</I> The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just
and equitable if contribution pursuant to paragraph (d)&nbsp;above were determined by <U>pro</U> <U>rata</U> allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take
account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph (d)&nbsp;above. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in paragraph (d)&nbsp;above shall be deemed
to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (d)&nbsp;and (e), in no event shall an
Underwriter be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter with respect to the offering of the Shares exceeds the amount of any damages that such
Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;11(f) of the Securities Act)
shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters&#146; obligations to contribute pursuant to paragraphs (d)&nbsp;and (e) are several in proportion to their respective
purchase obligations hereunder and not joint. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-Exclusive</FONT>
Remedies.</I> The remedies provided for in this Section&nbsp;7 paragraphs (a)&nbsp;through (e) are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Effectiveness of Agreement</U>. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Termination</U>. This Agreement may be terminated in the absolute discretion of the Representatives, by notice to
the Company, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and on or prior to the Closing Date or, in the case of the Option Shares, prior to the Additional Closing Date (i)&nbsp;trading generally shall have been suspended or materially
limited on or by any of the New York Stock Exchange or The Nasdaq Stock Market; (ii)&nbsp;trading of any securities issued or guaranteed by the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">over-the-counter</FONT></FONT> market; (iii)&nbsp;a general moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by federal or New York State authorities; or (iv)&nbsp;there shall have occurred any outbreak
or escalation of hostilities or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis, either within or outside the United States, that, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and makes it impracticable or inadvisable to
proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Defaulting Underwriter</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If, on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, any Underwriter defaults on its
obligation to purchase the Shares that it has agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters may in their discretion arrange for the purchase of such Shares by other persons
satisfactory to the Company on the terms contained in this Agreement. If, within 36 hours after any such default by any Underwriter, the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters do not arrange for the purchase of such
Shares, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of 36 hours within which to procure other persons satisfactory to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters to purchase such Shares on such terms. If other
persons become obligated or agree to purchase the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter, either the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters or the Company may postpone the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the
case may be, for up to five full business days in order to effect any changes that in the opinion of counsel for the Company or counsel for the Underwriters may be necessary in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or in any other document
or arrangement, and the Company agrees to promptly prepare any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that effects any such changes. As used in this Agreement, the term &#147;Underwriter&#148; includes, for all
purposes of this Agreement unless the context otherwise requires, any person not listed in Schedule 1 hereto that, pursuant to this Section&nbsp;10, purchases Shares that a defaulting Underwriter agreed but failed to purchase. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or
Underwriters by the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters and the Company as provided in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, the aggregate number of Shares that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing
Date, as the case may be, does not exceed <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">one-eleventh</FONT> </P>
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of the aggregate number of Shares to be purchased on such date, then the Company shall have the right to require each <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriter to
purchase the number of Shares that such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder on such date plus such Underwriter&#146;s pro rata share (based on the number of Shares that such Underwriter agreed to purchase on such date) of the Shares of such
defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If, after giving effect
to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters and the Company as provided in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, the aggregate number
of Shares that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, exceeds <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">one-eleventh</FONT> of the aggregate amount of Shares to be purchased on such date, or if the Company
shall not exercise the right described in paragraph (b)&nbsp;above, then this Agreement or, with respect to any Additional Closing Date, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase Shares on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall
terminate without liability on the part of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters. Any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section&nbsp;10 shall be without liability on the part of the Company, except that
the Company will continue to be liable for the payment of expenses as set forth in Section&nbsp;11 hereof and except that the provisions of Section&nbsp;7 hereof shall not terminate and shall remain in effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nothing contained herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter of any liability it may have to the Company or any <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriter for damages caused by its default. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Payment of
Expenses</U><I>.</I> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated or this
Agreement is terminated, the Company will pay or cause to be paid all costs and expenses of the Company incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including without limitation, (i)&nbsp;the costs incident to the authorization,
issuance, sale, preparation and delivery of the Shares and any taxes payable in that connection; (ii)&nbsp;the costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Securities Act of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus,
any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including all exhibits, amendments and supplements thereto) and the distribution thereof; (iii)&nbsp;the fees and expenses of the Company&#146;s counsel and
independent accountants; (iv)&nbsp;the fees and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with the registration or qualification and determination of eligibility for investment of the Shares under the laws of such jurisdictions as the
Representatives may designate and the preparation, printing and distribution of a Blue Sky Memorandum (including the related reasonable fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters not to exceed $5,000);&nbsp;(v) the cost of preparing stock
certificates; (vi)&nbsp;the costs and charges of any transfer agent and any registrar; (vii)&nbsp;all expenses and application fees incurred in connection with any filing with, and clearance of the offering by, FINRA (including the related
reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to the Underwriters up to $35,000; (viii) all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with any &#147;road show&#148; presentation to potential investors; and (ix)&nbsp;all expenses and application fees
related to the listing of the Shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If this Agreement shall be terminated by the Underwriters, or any
of them, because of any failure or refusal on the part of the Company to comply with the terms or to fulfill any of the conditions of this Agreement, or if for any reason the Company shall be unable to perform its obligations under this Agreement
(other than for termination pursuant to clauses (i), (iii), or (iv)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;9), the Company will reimburse the Underwriters or such Underwriters as have so terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves, severally, for all <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> expenses (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of their counsel) reasonably incurred by such Underwriters in connection with this Agreement or the
offering contemplated hereunder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement</U>. This Agreement shall inure
to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers and directors and any controlling persons referred to herein, and the affiliates of each Underwriter referred to in Section&nbsp;7 hereof.
Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any other person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision contained herein. No purchaser of Shares from any Underwriter
shall be deemed to be a successor merely by reason of such purchase. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Survival</U>. The respective
indemnities, rights of contribution, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate
delivered pursuant hereto shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Shares and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination of this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company or the
Underwriters or the directors, officers, controlling persons or affiliates referred to in Section&nbsp;7 hereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Certain Defined Terms</U>. For purposes of this Agreement, (a)&nbsp;except where otherwise expressly provided,
the term &#147;affiliate&#148; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; (b)&nbsp;the term &#147;business day&#148; means any day other than a day on which banks are permitted or required to be closed in New York City; and
(c)&nbsp;the term &#147;subsidiary&#148; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Compliance with USA Patriot Act</U>. In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of
Pub. L. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">107-56</FONT> (signed into law October&nbsp;26, 2001)), the Underwriters are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company, which
information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Underwriters to properly identify their respective clients. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Miscellaneous</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Notices.</I> All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been
duly given if mailed or transmitted and confirmed by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be given to the Representatives c/o J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179 (fax: (212) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">622-8358);</FONT> Attention Equity Syndicate Desk; Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Co. LLC, 1585&nbsp;Broadway, New York, New York&nbsp;10036, Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk, with a copy to the Legal Department; Jefferies
LLC, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, attention of </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
General Counsel; Evercore Group L.L.C. 55 East 52nd Street, 36th Floor New York, New York 10055, Attention: Equity Capital Markets. Notices to the Company shall be given to it at 1200 Page Mill
Road, Palo Alto, California 94304; Attention: Chief Financial Officer. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Governing Law.</I> This Agreement
and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Submission to Jurisdiction</I>. The Company hereby submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. federal and
New York state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company waives any objection which it may now or hereafter
have to the laying of venue of any such suit or proceeding in such courts. The Company agrees that final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and may be enforced in
any court to the jurisdiction of which Company is subject by a suit upon such judgment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Waiver of Jury
Trial.</I> Each of the parties hereto hereby waives any right to trial by jury in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</I>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution
Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this
Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a
proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S.
Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As used in
this Section&nbsp;16(g): </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;BHC Act Affiliate&#148; has the meaning assigned to the term &#147;affiliate&#148; in, and shall be
interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. &#167; 1841(k). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;Covered Entity&#148; means any of the following: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) a &#147;covered entity&#148; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 252.82(b); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) a &#147;covered bank&#148; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 47.3(b); or </P>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) a &#147;covered FSI&#148; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance
with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 382.2(b). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;Default Right&#148; has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in
accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167;&#167; 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;U.S. Special Resolution Regime&#148; means each of
(i)&nbsp;the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii)&nbsp;Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Counterparts.</I> This Agreement may be signed in counterparts (which may include counterparts delivered by any
standard form of telecommunication), each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered
by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to
have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Amendments or
Waivers.</I> No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to any departure therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the parties hereto. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>Headings.</I> The headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part
of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance
of this Agreement by signing in the space provided below. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="79%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="5">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="5"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="5">KODIAK SCIENCES INC.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Victor Perlroth</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Victor Perlroth</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">CEO</TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accepted: As of the date first written above </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">MORGAN STANLEY&nbsp;&amp; CO. LLC
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">JEFFERIES LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">EVERCORE GROUP L.L.C. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For themselves and on behalf of the </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">several Underwriters listed
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">in Schedule 1 hereto. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="78%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Benjamin Burdett</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Benjamin Burdett</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Managing Director</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3">Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Chris Rigoli</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Chris Rigoli</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Vice President</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3">Jefferies LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Michael Brinkman</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Michael Brinkman</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Managing Director</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3">Evercore Group L.L.C.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Gloria Tang</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Gloria Tang</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Vice President</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV></Center>


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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Schedule 1 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="68%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="82%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Underwriter</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000">Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Shares</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,687,802</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,168,479</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Jefferies LLC</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,038,647</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Evercore Group L.L.C.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,038,647</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Truist Securities, Inc.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">259,662</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,193,237</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Annex A </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">a.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left"><B>Pricing Disclosure Package</B> </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Free Writing Prospectuses: None </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">b.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left"><B>Pricing Information Provided Orally by Underwriters</B> </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Price to Public: $108.00 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Number of Shares: 5,193,237 (plus 778,985 Option Shares) </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Underwriting discounts and commissions: $5.40 </P>
</DIV></Center>


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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Annex B </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">KODIAK SCIENCES INC. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><U>Pricing
Term Sheet </U></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">None </P>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Exhibit A </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">FORM OF <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">LOCK-UP</FONT> AGREEMENT </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">[&#9679;], 2020 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">MORGAN STANLEY&nbsp;&amp; CO. LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">JEFFERIES LLC </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">EVERCORE GROUP L.L.C. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As Representatives of </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">the several Underwriters listed in </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Schedule 1 to the
Underwriting </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Agreement referred to below </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c/o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">383 Madison Avenue </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY
10179 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c/o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1585 Broadway </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY 10036
</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c/o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Jefferies LLC </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">520 Madison Avenue </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY
10022 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">c/o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Evercore Group L.L.C. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">55 East 52nd Street </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY
10055 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Re:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kodiak Sciences Inc. &#151; Public Offering </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned
understands that J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC, Jefferies LLC and Evercore Group L.L.C., as representatives of the several Underwriters (the &#147;Representatives&#148;), propose to enter into an underwriting
agreement (the &#147;Underwriting Agreement&#148;) with Kodiak Sciences Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#147;Company&#148;), providing for the public offering (the &#147;Public Offering&#148;) by the several Underwriters named in Schedule 1 to
the Underwriting Agreement (the &#147;Underwriters&#148;), of common stock, $0.0001 per share par value, of the Company (the &#147;Securities&#148;). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the
Underwriting Agreement. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In consideration of the Underwriters&#146; agreement to purchase and make the Public
Offering of the Securities, and for other good and valuable consideration receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters, the
undersigned will not, and will not cause any direct or indirect affiliate to, during the period beginning on the date of this letter agreement (this &#147;Letter Agreement&#148;) and ending 60 days after the date of the prospectus relating to the
Public Offering (the &#147;Prospectus&#148;) (such period, the &#147;Restricted Period&#148;), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or
warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of common stock, $0.0001 per share par value, of the Company (the &#147;Common Stock&#148;) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or
exchangeable for Common Stock (including without limitation, Common Stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant), or publicly disclose the intention to undertake any of the foregoing, (2)&nbsp;enter into any hedging, swap or other agreement or transaction that transfers, in whole or
in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock or such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1)&nbsp;or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in
cash or otherwise or (3)&nbsp;make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock. The undersigned acknowledges and
agrees that the foregoing precludes the undersigned from engaging in any hedging or other transactions or arrangements (including, without limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry into, any put or call option, or combination
thereof, forward, swap or any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described or defined) designed or intended, or which could reasonably be expected to lead to or result in, a sale or disposition or transfer (whether by the
undersigned or any other person) of any economic consequences of ownership, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, of any shares of Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, whether any such
transaction or arrangement (or instrument provided for thereunder) would be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the terms of this Letter Agreement shall not apply to or
prohibit: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;transactions relating to shares of Common Stock or other securities acquired in open market transactions after the
completion of the Public Offering, <I>provided</I> that no filing under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with subsequent sales of Common Stock or other securities acquired in such
open market transactions; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;transfers of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable
for Common Stock (i)&nbsp;by bona fide gift, will or intestate succession; (ii)&nbsp;to the spouse, domestic partner, father, mother, siblings, aunts, uncles, nieces and nephews and lineal descendants and ancestors (each, an &#147;<B>immediate
family member</B>&#148;) of the undersigned or to a </P>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
trust formed for the benefit of an immediate family member; (iii)&nbsp;if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership or other business entity (x)&nbsp;to another corporation, partnership or
other business entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the undersigned or (y)&nbsp;as part of a disposition, transfer or distribution to limited partners, stockholders, equity holders or members of the undersigned; or
(iv)&nbsp;if the undersigned is a trust, to a trustee or beneficiary of the trust; <I>provided</I> that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to this clause&nbsp;(b), (A) each recipient shall sign and deliver to the Representatives a <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> letter in the form of this Letter Agreement and (B)&nbsp;no filing under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act or other public announcement, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common
Stock, shall be required or voluntarily made in connection with such transfer or distribution; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;the transfer of shares of Common
Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock to the Company upon a vesting event of the Company&#146;s securities or upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase the Company&#146;s securities, in
each case on a &#147;cashless&#148; or &#147;net exercise&#148; basis or to cover tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with such vesting or exercise, so long as such &#147;cashless exercise&#148; or &#147;net exercise&#148;
is effected solely by the surrender of outstanding options or warrants (or the Common Stock issuable upon the exercise thereof) to the Company and the Company&#146;s cancellation of all or a portion thereof to pay the exercise price and/or
withholding tax and remittance obligations, and <I>provided</I> no filing under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act or any other public filing or disclosure of such receipt or transfer, shall be voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned
and any filing required under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that (i)&nbsp;the filing relates to the circumstances described in this clause (c), and (ii)&nbsp;no shares were sold by the
reporting person; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;the exercise of options for cash to purchase shares of Common Stock granted under a stock incentive plan
described in the Prospectus or the exercise of warrants for cash to purchase shares of Common Stock described in the Prospectus, <I>provided</I>, that the underlying shares of Common Stock continue to be subject to the restrictions set forth in this
Letter Agreement, and that no filing under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act or any other public filing or disclosure of such receipt or transfer, shall be voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned, and any filing required under
Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that (i)&nbsp;the filing relates to the circumstances described in this clause (d), (ii) the shares received upon exercise of the option are subject to a <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> agreement with the Underwriters of the Public Offering, and (iii)&nbsp;no shares were sold by the reporting person; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b5-1</FONT> under the Exchange Act for the
transfer of shares of Common Stock, <I>provided</I> that (i)&nbsp;such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii)&nbsp;to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is
required of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such
plan during the Restricted Period; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;the transfer of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or
exchangeable for Common Stock to the Company, pursuant to agreements under which </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
the Company has the option to repurchase such shares in connection with the undersigned&#146;s termination of employment with the Company or a right of first refusal with respect to transfers of
such shares, <I>provided</I> that any related filing, if any, under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to the circumstances described in this clause (f); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;the transfer of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock that occurs
pursuant to a qualified domestic order, in connection with a divorce settlement, <I>provided</I> that each of the Company and the undersigned shall make best efforts to ensure that each transferee shall sign and deliver a <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> agreement substantially in the form of this Letter Agreement and no filing under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act shall be made by or on behalf of the undersigned during the Restricted Period, unless
such filing clearly indicates in the footnotes thereto that such transfer occurred by operation of law, pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;the transfer of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock pursuant to a
bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction made to all holders of the Common Stock involving a &#147;change of control&#148; (as defined below) of the Company occurring after the consummation of the Public
Offering, that has been approved by the board of directors of the Company, <I>provided</I>, that if the tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the Common Stock owned by the undersigned shall remain subject to
the restrictions contained in this Letter Agreement. For purposes of this clause (h), &#147;change of control&#148; means the consummation of any bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction the result of
which is that any &#147;person&#148; (as defined in Section&nbsp;13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), or group of persons, other than the Company, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rules <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13d-3</FONT> and <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13d-5</FONT> of the Exchange Act) of more than 50% of total voting power of the voting stock of the Company; or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;transfers or sales of shares of Common Stock pursuant to any trading plan pursuant to
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Rule&nbsp;10b5-1</FONT> under the Exchange Act that has been entered into by the undersigned and disclosed to the Representatives prior to the date of this Letter Agreement, provided that any filing required to be
made under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act as a result of such transfer or sale shall state that such transfer or sale is pursuant to a trading plan pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b5-1.</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company, and any duly appointed transfer agent for the registration or transfer of the securities
described herein, are hereby authorized to decline to make any transfer of securities if such transfer would constitute a violation or breach of this Letter Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Letter Agreement. All
authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred and any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives of the undersigned. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned understands that, if the Underwriting Agreement does not become effective by December&nbsp;15, 2020, or if the Underwriting
Agreement (other than the provisions thereof </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Common Stock to be sold thereunder, the undersigned shall be released from all obligations
under this Letter Agreement. The undersigned understands that the Underwriters are entering into the Underwriting Agreement and proceeding with the Public Offering in reliance upon this Letter Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This Letter Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Letter Agreement shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[<I>Signature page follows</I>] </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Very truly yours, </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>IF AN INDIVIDUAL:</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"><B>IF AN ENTITY:</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><I>(duly authorized signature)</I></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"><I>(please print complete name of entity)</I></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>(please print full name)</I></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>(duly authorized signature)</I></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">Name:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>(please print full name)</I></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">Title:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<I>(please print full title)</I></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">Address:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3">Address:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">E-mail:</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">E-mail:</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV></Center>

</BODY></HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>d61630dex51.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>EX-5.1</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE">


<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 5.1 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">


<IMG SRC="g61630g92f80.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Carlton Fleming </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">+1 650 843
5865 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">cfleming@cooley.com </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">November&nbsp;18, 2020 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Kodiak Sciences Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1200 Page Mill Road </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Palo Alto, California 94304 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">You have requested our opinion, as counsel to Kodiak Sciences Inc., a Delaware corporation (the&nbsp;&#147;<B><I>Company</I></B>&#148;), with respect to
certain matters in connection with the offering by the Company of up to 5,972,222 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 (the &#147;<B><I>Shares</I></B>&#148;), including up to 778,985 Shares that may be sold pursuant to the exercise of an
option to purchase additional Shares, pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> (Registration Statement <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-250109)</FONT> (the &#147;<B><I>Registration
Statement</I></B>&#148;), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#147;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&#148;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#147;<B><I>Act</I></B>&#148;), the prospectus included in the Registration
Statement (the &#147;<B><I>Base Prospectus</I></B>&#148;), and the prospectus supplement, dated November&nbsp;18, 2020, and filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations of the Act (together with the Base Prospectus,
the &#147;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&#148;). The Shares are to be sold by the Company as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In
connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Company&#146;s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, each as currently in effect, and
originals or copies certified to our satisfaction of such records, documents, certificates, memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to enable us to render the opinion expressed below. We have assumed the
genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; the accuracy, completeness and authenticity of certificates of public officials;
and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents by all persons other than the Company where authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness thereof. As to certain factual matters, we have relied upon a
certificate of an officer of the Company and have not independently verified such matters. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our opinion herein is expressed solely with respect to the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. We express no opinion to the extent that any other laws are applicable to the subject matter hereof and express no opinion and provide no assurance as to compliance with any federal or state
securities law, rule or regulation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On the basis of the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when sold and issued
in accordance with the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">COOLEY
LLP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3175 HANOVER STREET&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PALO ALTO, CA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;94304-1130 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">T: (650) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">843-5000</FONT> F: (650) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">849-7400&nbsp;&nbsp;COOLEY.COM</FONT> </P>

</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always">
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">


<IMG SRC="g61630g92f80.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">November 18, 2020 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Page Two
</P> <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P>
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption &#147;Legal Matters&#148; in the Prospectus and to
the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> to be filed with the Commission for incorporation by reference into the Registration Statement. This opinion is expressed as of the date
hereof, and we disclaim any responsibility to advise you of any changes in the facts stated or assumed herein or any changes in applicable law. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">Sincerely,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>C<SMALL>OOLEY</SMALL> LLP</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Carlton Fleming</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carlton Fleming</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">COOLEY
LLP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3175 HANOVER STREET&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PALO ALTO, CA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;94304-1130 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">T: (650) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">843-5000</FONT> F: (650) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">849-7400&nbsp;&nbsp;COOLEY.COM</FONT> </P>

</DIV></Center>

</BODY></HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>kod-20201117.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!-- DFIN - https://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- CTU Version: Release 2020-6 Build:20200922.5 -->
<!-- Creation date: 11/19/2020 12:05:54 AM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2020 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema
  xmlns:nonnum="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric"
  xmlns:num="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric"
  xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2019-01-31"
  xmlns:kod="http://imetrix.edgar-online.com/20201117"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019-01-31"
  xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"
  xmlns:sic="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011-01-31"
  attributeFormDefault="unqualified"
  elementFormDefault="qualified"
  targetNamespace="http://imetrix.edgar-online.com/20201117"
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019-01-31" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011/sic-2011-01-31.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011-01-31" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2017/naics-2017-01-31.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2017-01-31" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" />
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="kod-20201117_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Label Links, all" xlink:type="simple" />
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="kod-20201117_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Presentation Links, all" xlink:type="simple" />
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://imetrix.edgar-online.com//20201117/taxonomy/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" id="Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
        <link:definition>100000 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
</xsd:schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>kod-20201117_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!-- DFIN - https://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- CTU Version: Release 2020-6 Build:20200922.5 -->
<!-- Creation date: 11/19/2020 12:05:54 AM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2020 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" />
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Type</link:label>
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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity File Number</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" />
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  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>kod-20201117_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!-- DFIN - https://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- CTU Version: Release 2020-6 Build:20200922.5 -->
<!-- Creation date: 11/19/2020 12:05:54 AM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2020 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140050439715560">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 17, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001468748<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 17,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">KODIAK SCIENCES INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-38682<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">27-0476525<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1200 Page Mill Road<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Palo Alto<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">94304<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(650)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">281-0850<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Security 12b Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common stock, par value $0.0001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">KOD<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod', window );">Entity Ex Transition Period</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 7A<br> -Section B<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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   "Subsection": "2b"
  },
  "r4": {
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "14a",
   "Subsection": "12"
  },
  "r5": {
   "Name": "Regulation 12B",
   "Number": "240",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b-2"
  },
  "r6": {
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "425"
  },
  "r7": {
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "7A",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "B",
   "Subsection": "2"
  }
 },
 "version": "2.1"
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>0001193125-20-296971-xbrl.zip
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
