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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Notes to Financial Statements |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hallador Energy Company (hereinafter known as, “we, us, or our”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries Sunrise Coal, LLC (Sunrise) and Hourglass Sands, LLC (Hourglass), and Sunrise’s wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Sunrise is engaged in the production of steam coal from mines located in western Indiana. Going Concern - Alleviation of Substantial Doubt In accordance with ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements- Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) – Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, we are required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that our financials are issued. When management identifies conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about their ability to continue as a going concern it should consider whether its plans to mitigate those relevant conditions or events will alleviate the substantial doubt. If conditions or events raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, but the substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of management’s plans, the entity should disclose information that enables user of financial statements to understand the principal events that raised the substantial doubt, management’s evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events, and management’s plans that alleviated substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. We performed the analysis, and our overall assessment was there were conditions or events, considered in the aggregate as of December 31, 2021, which raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within the next year, but such doubt was adequately mitigated by our plans to address the substantial doubt. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. During our analysis and overall assessment, it became clear that we were likely to violate one or more of our financial covenants due to a step down of our leverage ratio and a step up of our debt service coverage ratio beginning with quarter ending March 31, 2022 due to lower than expected EBITDA, a significant factor in the calculation of both ratios. This factor raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In March 2022, as disclosed in Note 5, the Company executed an amendment to our credit agreement providing relief on the covenants in question until the time our internal projections show that we will again meet the covenants. Accordingly, the above factors have alleviated substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. Segment Information The Company’s significant operating segment includes the two Oaktown underground mines located in southwestern Indiana. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews the operating results, assesses performance and makes decisions about allocation of resources to this segment at the mine level, however, we aggregate the results of operations of the mines for reporting purposes since the nature of the product, production process, customer type, product distribution, and long-term economic characteristics at each mine are similar. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company evaluates the need for an allowance for uncollectible receivables based on a review of account balances that are likely to be uncollectible, as determined by such variables as customer creditworthiness, the age of the receivables and disputed amounts. Historically, credit losses have been insignificant. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, no allowance was recorded for uncollectible accounts receivable as all amounts were deemed collectible. Inventory Inventory and parts and supplies are valued at the lower of average cost or net realizable value determined using the first-in first-out method. Inventory costs include labor, supplies, operating overhead, and other related costs incurred at or on behalf of the mining location, including depreciation, depletion, and amortization of equipment, buildings, mineral rights, and mine development costs. Prepaid expenses Prepaid expenses include prepaid insurance, prepaid maintenance expense, and a prepaid balance with our primary parts and supplies vendor. Advanced Royalties Coal leases that require minimum annual or advance payments and are recoverable from future production are generally deferred and charged to expense as the coal is subsequently produced. Advance royalties are included in other assets. Mining Properties Mining properties are recorded at cost. Interest costs applicable to major asset additions are capitalized during the construction period. Expenditures that extend the useful lives or increase the productivity of the assets are capitalized. The cost of maintenance and repairs that do not extend the useful lives or increase the productivity of the assets are expensed as incurred. Other than land and most mining equipment, mining properties are depreciated using the units-of-production method over the estimated recoverable reserves. Most surface and underground mining equipment is depreciated using estimated useful lives ranging from three to twenty-five years. If facts and circumstances suggest that a long-lived asset may be impaired, the carrying value is reviewed for recoverability. If this review indicates that the carrying value of the asset will not be recoverable through estimated undiscounted future net cash flows related to the asset over its remaining life, then an impairment loss is recognized by reducing the carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value. See Note 2 for further discussion of impairments. Mine Development Costs of developing new mines, including asset retirement obligation assets, or significantly expanding the capacity of existing mines, are capitalized and amortized using the units-of-production method over estimated recoverable reserves. Asset Retirement Obligations (ARO) – Reclamation At the time they are incurred, legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets are reflected at their estimated fair value, with a corresponding charge to mine development. Obligations are typically incurred when we commence development of underground and surface mines and include reclamation of support facilities, refuse areas and slurry ponds. Obligations are reflected at the present value of their future cash flows. We reflect accretion of the obligations for the period from the date they are incurred through the date they are extinguished. The ARO assets are amortized using the units-of-production method over estimated recoverable (proven and probable) reserves. We are using credit-adjusted risk-free discount rates ranging from 5.0% to 10% to discount the obligation, inflation rates anticipated during the time to reclamation, and cost estimates prepared by our engineers inclusive of market risk premiums. Federal and state laws require that mines be reclaimed in accordance with specific standards and approved reclamation plans, as outlined in mining permits. Activities include reclamation of pit and support acreage at surface mines, sealing portals at underground mines, and reclamation of refuse areas and slurry ponds. We review our ARO at least annually and reflect revisions for permit changes, changes in our estimated reclamation costs and changes in the estimated timing of such costs. The change in estimate was a result of a change in timing of expected reclamation of the Ace in the Hole Mine, Carlisle Mine, and Prosperity Mine and updates to inflation rates from when the liabilities were first projected. In the event we are not able to perform reclamation, we have surety bonds totaling $23.5 million to cover ARO. The table below (in thousands) reflects the changes to our ARO:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 16,277 |  |  | $ | 15,764 |
Accretion |  |  | 1,504 |  |  |  | 1,381 |
Change in estimate |  |  | (3,510 | ) |  |  | — |
Payments |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | (868 | )
Balance, end of year |  |  | 14,125 |  |  |  | 16,277 |
Less current portion |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | (100 | )
Long-term balance, end of year |  | $ | 14,025 |  |  | $ | 16,177 |
Interest Rate Swaps The Company generally utilizes derivative instruments to manage exposures to interest rate risk on long-term debt. The Company enters into interest rate swaps in order to achieve a mix of fixed and variable rate debt that it deems appropriate. These interest rate swaps have not been designated as hedging instruments and are accounted for as an asset or a liability in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are classified as operating activities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Statement of Cash Flows Cash equivalents include investments with maturities when purchased of three months or less. Income Taxes Income taxes are provided based on the liability method of accounting. The provision for income taxes is based on pretax financial income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future expected tax consequences of temporary differences between income tax and financial reporting and principally relate to differences in the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which differences are expected to reverse. Net Income (Loss) per Share Basic net income (loss) per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period using the two-class method for our common shares and RSUs which share in the Company’s earnings. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares include restricted stock units and are included in basic net income (loss) per share, using the two-class method. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates included in the preparation of the financial statements relate to: (i) deferred income tax accounts, (ii) coal reserves, (iii) depreciation, depletion, and amortization, (iv) estimates relating to interest rate swaps, (v) estimates used in our impairment analysis and measurement of impairments, and (vi) estimates used in the calculation of our asset retirement obligations. Long-term Contracts As of December 31, 2021, we are committed to supplying our customers up to a maximum of 20.7 million tons of coal through 2027 of which 16.2 million tons are priced. For 2021, we derived 95% of our coal sales from five customers, each representing at least 10% of our coal sales. 99% of our accounts receivable was from five customers, each representing more than 10% of the December 31, 2021 balance. For 2020, we derived 79% of our coal sales from four customers, each representing at least 10% of our coal sales. 87% of our accounts receivable was from four customers, each representing more than 10% of the December 31, 2020 balance. Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation for restricted stock units is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the applicable vesting period of the stock award (generally two to four years) using the straight-line method.

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