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Investments | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Investments Debt And Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Note 4. Investments The gross unrealized gains and losses on, and the amortized cost and fair value of, those investments classified as held-to-maturity at March 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
States and political subdivisions |  | $ | 431,247 |  |  | $ | 10,468 |  |  | $ | (242 | ) |  | $ | 441,473 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 102,774 |  |  |  | 520 |  |  |  | (155 | ) |  |  | 103,139 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 9,824 |  |  |  | 396 |  |  |  | (56 | ) |  |  | 10,164 |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | 59,210 |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  | (140 | ) |  |  | 59,422 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | 1,001 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 1,019 |
Totals |  | $ | 604,056 |  |  | $ | 11,760 |  |  | $ | (599 | ) |  | $ | 615,217 |
The gross unrealized gains and losses on, and the amortized cost and fair value of, those investments classified as available-for-sale at March 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
States and political subdivisions |  | $ | 220,749 |  |  | $ | 6,710 |  |  | $ | (395 | ) |  | $ | 227,064 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 170,375 |  |  |  | 1,465 |  |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | 171,623 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 12,462 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (180 | ) |  |  | 12,282 |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | 61,154 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | (909 | ) |  |  | 60,285 |
Totals |  | $ | 464,740 |  |  | $ | 8,215 |  |  | $ | (1,701 | ) |  | $ | 471,254 |
The gross unrealized gains and losses on, and the cost of equity securities at March 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:
|  | Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic common stock |  | $ | 20,769 |  |  | $ | 846 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,615 |
Total equity securities |  | $ | 20,769 |  |  | $ | 846 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,615 |
The gross unrealized gains and losses on, and the amortized cost and fair value of, those investments classified as held-to-maturity at December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
States and political subdivisions |  | $ | 445,922 |  |  | $ | 5,109 |  |  | $ | (2,084 | ) |  | $ | 448,947 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 91,762 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | (455 | ) |  |  | 91,369 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 8,102 |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | (80 | ) |  |  | 8,349 |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | 67,042 |  |  |  | 340 |  |  |  | (339 | ) |  |  | 67,043 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | 1,050 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | 1,064 |
Totals |  | $ | 613,878 |  |  | $ | 5,860 |  |  | $ | (2,966 | ) |  | $ | 616,772 |
The gross unrealized gains and losses on, and the amortized cost and fair value of, those investments classified as available-for-sale at December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
States and political subdivisions |  | $ | 231,848 |  |  | $ | 3,515 |  |  | $ | (2,118 | ) |  | $ | 233,245 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 173,904 |  |  |  | 243 |  |  |  | (933 | ) |  |  | 173,214 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 12,835 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (320 | ) |  |  | 12,515 |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | 61,185 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,429 | ) |  |  | 59,756 |
Totals |  | $ | 479,772 |  |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | (4,800 | ) |  | $ | 478,730 |
The gross unrealized gains and losses on, and the cost of equity securities at December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:
|  | Cost |  |  | Gross Gains |  |  | Gross Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic common stock |  | $ | 19,962 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (1,341 | ) |  | $ | 18,651 |
Total equity securities |  | $ | 19,962 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (1,341 | ) |  | $ | 18,651 |
A summary of the amortized cost and fair value of investments in fixed maturity securities, classified as held-to-maturity at March 31, 2019, by contractual maturity, is as follows:
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within one year |  | $ | 67,547 |  |  | $ | 67,672 |
After one year through five years |  |  | 248,804 |  |  |  | 251,430 |
After five years through ten years |  |  | 86,353 |  |  |  | 88,108 |
After ten years |  |  | 190,527 |  |  |  | 196,824 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 9,824 |  |  |  | 10,164 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | 1,001 |  |  |  | 1,019 |
Totals |  | $ | 604,056 |  |  | $ | 615,217 |
A summary of the amortized cost and fair value of investments in fixed maturity securities, classified as available-for-sale at March 31, 2019, by contractual maturity, is as follows:
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within one year |  | $ | 68,592 |  |  | $ | 68,518 |
After one year through five years |  |  | 159,000 |  |  |  | 159,135 |
After five years through ten years |  |  | 47,350 |  |  |  | 48,152 |
After ten years |  |  | 177,336 |  |  |  | 183,167 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 12,462 |  |  |  | 12,282 |
Totals |  | $ | 464,740 |  |  | $ | 471,254 |
The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on securities, aggregated by major investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
|  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
|  | Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |
|  | (in thousands) |
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78,248 |  |  | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 78,248 |  |  | $ | 242 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 3,728 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 37,828 |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | 41,556 |  |  |  | 155 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,248 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 2,248 |  |  |  | 56 |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,587 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 40,587 |  |  |  | 140 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 6 |
Total held-to-maturity securities |  |  | 3,728 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 159,421 |  |  |  | 594 |  |  |  | 163,149 |  |  |  | 599 |
Available-for-Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions |  | $ | 1,957 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 27,768 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 29,725 |  |  | $ | 395 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 5,734 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 75,651 |  |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | 81,385 |  |  |  | 217 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,281 |  |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 12,281 |  |  |  | 180 |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,466 |  |  |  | 909 |  |  |  | 56,466 |  |  |  | 909 |
Total available-for-sale securities |  |  | 7,691 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 172,166 |  |  |  | 1,693 |  |  |  | 179,857 |  |  |  | 1,701 |
Total |  | $ | 11,419 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 331,587 |  |  | $ | 2,287 |  |  | $ | 343,006 |  |  | $ | 2,300 |
|  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
|  | Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |
|  | (in thousands) |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions |  | $ | 28,369 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 180,550 |  |  | $ | 2,025 |  |  | $ | 208,919 |  |  | $ | 2,084 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 17,448 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 48,315 |  |  |  | 419 |  |  |  | 65,763 |  |  |  | 455 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,287 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 2,287 |  |  |  | 80 |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | 2,865 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 46,486 |  |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | 49,351 |  |  |  | 339 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  | 8 |
Total held-to-maturity securities |  |  | 48,682 |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | 278,163 |  |  |  | 2,867 |  |  |  | 326,845 |  |  |  | 2,966 |
Available-for-Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions |  | $ | 16,109 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 76,255 |  |  | $ | 2,037 |  |  | $ | 92,364 |  |  | $ | 2,118 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 59,099 |  |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | 70,306 |  |  |  | 654 |  |  |  | 129,405 |  |  |  | 933 |
U.S. agency-based mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,515 |  |  |  | 320 |  |  |  | 12,515 |  |  |  | 320 |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59,756 |  |  |  | 1,429 |  |  |  | 59,756 |  |  |  | 1,429 |
Total available-for-sale securities |  |  | 75,208 |  |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 218,832 |  |  |  | 4,440 |  |  |  | 294,040 |  |  |  | 4,800 |
Total |  | $ | 123,890 |  |  | $ | 459 |  |  | $ | 496,995 |  |  | $ | 7,307 |  |  | $ | 620,885 |  |  | $ | 7,766 |
At March 31, 2019, we held 184 individual fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 176 individual fixed maturity securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for longer than 12 months. During the first quarter of 2019, we recognized through income $2.2 million of net unrealized gains on equity securities held as of March 31, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recognized through income $0.4 million of net unrealized losses on equity securities held as of March 31, 2018. Investment income is recognized as it is earned. The discount or premium on fixed maturity securities is amortized using the “constant yield” method. Anticipated prepayments, where applicable, are considered when determining the amortization of premiums or discounts. Realized investment gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method. We regularly review our investment portfolio to evaluate the existence of other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of investments. We consider various factors in determining if a decline in the fair value of an individual security is other-than-temporary. The key factors we consider are:
| • | any reduction or elimination of preferred dividends, or nonpayment of scheduled principal or interest payments;
| • | the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer of the applicable security, including any specific events that may affect its operations or earnings;
| • | how long and by how much the fair value of the security has been below its cost or amortized cost;
| • | any downgrades of the security by a rating agency;
| • | our intent not to sell the security for a sufficient time period for it to recover its value;
| • | the likelihood of being required to sell the security before the recovery of its value; and
| • | an evaluation as to whether there are any credit losses on debt securities.
We reviewed all securities with unrealized losses in accordance with the impairment policy described above. We determined that the unrealized losses in the fixed maturity securities portfolio related primarily to changes in market interest rates since the date of purchase, current conditions in the capital markets and the impact of those conditions on market liquidity and prices generally. We expect to recover the carrying value of these securities as it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no impairment losses recognized for other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of our investments. Net realized gains in the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $0.1 million resulting from the sale of equity and fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale. Net realized gains in the three months ended March 31, 2018 were immaterial.

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