XML 42 R10.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2011

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Dehaier, and its majority-owned and wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). All significant inter-company transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

A group of shareholders, including the Chief Executive Officer, originally held more than 50% of the voting ownership interest of Dehaier, BDL and BTL. BTL is a variable interest entity (“VIE”), and BDL is the primary beneficiary. BTL owns a building which is pledged as collateral for BDL’s bank loans. In exchange, BDL loans money to BTL to finance its operations. BTL’s primary operation is to provide repairs and transportation services to BDL’s customers. Because of these arrangements, BDL is the primary beneficiary of BTL, as the entity that is most closely associated with BTL. Dehaier has included BTL in its consolidated financial statements through the consolidation with BDL since December 31, 2006. Dehaier, BDL and BTL were under common control until October 31, 2009, when each share of preferred share was converted into a common share. Because the Chief Executive Officer held more than 50% of the voting ownership interest of each of Dehaier, BDL and BTL at December 31, 2006, the Company initially measured the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interest of the VIE at the amounts at which they were carried in the accounts of the reporting entity that controls the VIE.

On October 31, 2009, BDL reconsidered whether it is the primary beneficiary of BTL when Dehaier’s preferred stock was converted into common shares. While such conversion dilutes the Chief Executive Officer's interest in BDL such that BDL and BTL are not under common control after October 31, 2009, BDL still has the obligation to absorb the expected losses of BTL. BTL is still a VIE because all of its activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of the reporting enterprise and its related parties. BDL is BTL’s only customer referral source. On March 3, 2010, BDL entered into a Loss Absorption Agreement memorializing the understanding that BDL would continue to loan money to BTL as needed to fund its working capital such that BDL would absorb BTL’s losses. Management makes ongoing reassessments of whether BDL is the primary beneficiary of BTL.

The carrying amount and classification of BTL’s assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

	December 31,
	2011		2010
	US$		US$
Total current assets		425,464		497,731
Total assets		1,448,432		1,562,554
Total current liabilities		35,699		235,263
Total liabilities		35,699		235,263

The accounts of BTL are consolidated in the accompanying financial statements pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810-10, “Consolidation”. As a VIE, BTL’s revenues are included in the Company’s service income, and its income from operations is consolidated with the Company’s. Because of the arrangements, the Company had a pecuniary interest in BTL that requires consolidation of the Company’s and BTL’s financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are adjusted to reflect actual experience when necessary. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, warranty obligation, warrants liability, Stock-based compensation and useful lives of property and equipment. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have maturities of three months or less when purchased. The Company maintains uninsured cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions mainly in the PRC and the States.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. Accounts receivable terms typically are net 60-180 days from the end of the month in which the services were provided, or when goods were delivered. The company generally does not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. An allowance, if required, is based on a combination of historical experience, aging analysis, and an evaluation of the collectibility of specific accounts, Prior to 2011, receivables were considered past due after 3 years. In 2011, after assessing the distributors’ economic factors and Company’s historic experience, management decided that receivables over 1 year will be considered past due. Management has determined that an allowance of $859,509 (RMB5,419,725) and $87,555 (RMB578,068) was appropriate at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Advances to Suppliers and Advances from Customers

The Company, as is the common practice in the PRC, often makes advance payments to suppliers for unassembled parts, or receives advance payments from customers. Advances to suppliers were $6,653,890 and $4,515,737 as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, which were included in prepayments and other current assets. Advances from customers were $303,000 and $269,189 as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements for current assets and current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASC topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. ASC topic 815 provides a framework for determining whether an instrument is indexed to an entity's own stock. ASC topic 815 became effective for the Company when warrants were issued in connection with the Company's initial public offering. Such warrants are indexed to the Company's stock, which is traded in US dollars. Since the Company's functional currency is the RMB, such warrants are considered liabilities. The fair value of the warrants liability is measured each reporting period with the resulting change in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income (see Note 13).

The accounting standards regarding fair value of financial instruments and related fair value measurements define fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement, and enhance disclosure requirements for fair value measures.

The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Warrants liabilities qualify as financial instruments, and are carried on the balance sheet at its fair value.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black Scholes Model, with level 2 inputs, and the change is recorded in earnings.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market and consist of assembled and unassembled parts relating to medical devices. The Company reviews its inventory annually for possible obsolete goods and to determine if any reserves are necessary. The reserve for obsolescence was $51,154 (RMB322,556) and $48,855 (RMB322,556) for 2011 and 2010, respectively, and the provision is included in the operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the useful lives or the lease term
Building and land use rights	20-40 years
Machinery and equipment	10-15 years
Furniture and office equipment	5 years
Motor vehicles	5 years

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss, equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset, is recognized. Management has determined no impairment exists at the balance sheet dates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenues when all the followings conditions have been satisfied:

*Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;

*Delivery and/or installation has occurred (e.g.,risks and rewards of ownership has passed);

*The sales price is fixed or determinable; and,

*Collectibility is reasonably assured.

All revenues are based on firm customer orders with fixed terms and conditions. Because the products are assembled to the customers’ specification, there is no right of return. The Company does not provide its customers with price protection or cash rebates. For products which include software, the software is an off-the-shelf package and an integral part of the products being delivered. The Company does not provide any significant post-sale customer support services and does not provide customers with upgrades. The software is incidental to the product as a whole. For products that do not require installation, revenues are recognized when the products are delivered. For products that require installation, revenues are recognized when the installation is completed.

For all service income, the Company recognizes the revenue upon the completion of the repairs when the equipment has been returned to and accepted by the customers.

In the PRC, value added tax (VAT) of 17% of the invoice amount is collected in respect of the sales of goods on behalf of tax authorities. The VAT collected is not revenue of the Company; instead, the amount is recorded as a liability on the balance sheet until such VAT is paid to the authorities.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues primarily includes wages to assemble parts and the costs of unassembled parts, handling charges, and other expenses associated with the assembly and distribution of product.

Service income and expense

Service income and expense represents activities related to repair services provided for the customers by BTL.

Foreign Currency Translation

The accounts of Dehaier, BDL, BTL and DHK are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in US dollars. Foreign currency transactions are translated into US dollars using fixed exchange rates in effect at the time of the transaction. Generally, foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions are recognized in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The foreign currency accounts of DHK, BDL and BTL are translated in accordance with ASC 830-10, “Foreign Currency Matters”. Assets and liabilities are translated at current exchange rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China at the balance sheet dates and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the periods. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded as other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated as a separate component of equity

Warranty Costs

The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The Company's warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failure. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from the Company's estimates, the Company may revise its estimated product warranty liability. The term of the product warranty is generally twelve months. The reserve for warranty costs was $334,680, $301,464 at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Warranty expense for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $18,926 and $107,794, respectively.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs relating to the development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and refinements to existing products, are expensed as incurred, Research and development costs were $268,038 and $82,553 for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Expenses

Shipping and handling expenses of $91,017 and $109,386 for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, were included in the operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred, Advertising costs were $232,400 and $112,441 for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Earnings per Share

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 260-10, “Earnings per Share”. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the years. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares. The average stock price for the year of 2011 did not exceed the exercise price of the outstanding warrants, therefore none of the outstanding warrants were included in the diluted earnings per share.

Value Added Tax

The Company reports revenues net of PRC’s value added tax for all the periods presented in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718-10, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. The Company has a share incentive plan which authorizes the issuance of up to 10% of the number of shares outstanding. Pursuant to the plan, the Company may issue options to purchase its common shares to employees and directors of the Company and its affiliates. The Company fair values share-based awards granted under the plan. Accordingly, compensation is measured on the grant date using appropriate valuation models.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740-10, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of: (i) taxes payable or refundable for the current year; and, (ii) deferred tax consequences of temporary differences resulting from matters that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2011, the Company recorded a deferred tax assets for the temporary differences arising from allowance for doubtful accounts and certain accrued expenses (Note 14). The Company believes it can utilize the deferred tax assets to offset future taxable income. Therefore, no valuation allowance has been provided as of December 31, 2011. The Company had no deferred tax assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2010.

ASC 740-10 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition of a tax position taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740-10, a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken may be recognized only if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable upon examination, based on its technical merits. The tax benefit of a qualifying position under ASC 740-10 would equal the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all the relevant information. A liability (including interest and penalties, if applicable) is established in the financial statements to the extent a current benefit has been recognized on a tax return for matters that are considered contingent upon the outcome of an uncertain tax position. Related interest and penalties, if any, are included as components of income tax expense and income taxes payable. The Company is awaiting resolution of certain complex tax issues and has not yet filed its 2008 and 2009 Value Added Tax (“VAT”) returns for some of its customers. However, all the potential VAT liabilities on these VAT returns were accrued and included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

The implementation of ASC 740-10 resulted in no material liability for unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company did not have a liability for any unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense in the statement of operations. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company did not incur any interest or penalties.

Income tax returns for the year prior to 2009 are no longer subject to examination by tax authorities.

Reclassification

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

On June 16, 2011, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2011-05 (“ASU 2011-05”), Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)-Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU 2011-05 eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in equity, and requires that all nonowner changes in stockholders’ equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The amendments in ASU 2011-05 should be applied retrospectively. For public entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this accounting standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2011, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-12, “Comprehensive Income Topic 220: Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassification of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05. Among the new provision in ASU 2011-05” was a requirement for entities to present reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component in both the statement in which the net income is presented and the statement in which other comprehensive income is presented (for both interim and annual financial statements); however this reclassification requirement is indefinitely deferred by ASU 2011-12 and will be further deliberated by the FASB at a future date. The adoption of this accounting standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.