15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

In accordance with ASC 718, compensation expense is recognized only for those shares expected to vest, based on the Company’s historical experience and future expectations. The following table summarizes the effects of share-based compensation to options and awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans for each of the periods presented:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2013			2012		2011
	(Dollars in thousands)

Salaries and employee benefits	$	6,367		$	4,432	$	2,409
Directors stock awards	45			90		153
Legal and professional services	—			59		55
Income tax benefit	(2,570		)	—		—
Net share-based compensation effect	$	3,842		$	4,581	$	2,617

The Company’s share-based compensation arrangements are described below:

Equity Incentive Plans

We have adopted equity incentive plans for the purpose of granting options, restricted stock and other equity based awards for the Company’s common stock to directors, officers and other key individuals. Option awards are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant; those option awards generally vest based on three or five years of continuous service and have 10-year contractual terms. Certain option and share awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the stock option plans below). We have historically issued new shares of common stock upon exercises of stock options and purchases of restricted awards.

In February 1997, we adopted the 1997 Stock Option Plan (“1997 Plan”) basically as a continuance of the 1986 Stock Option Plan. In April 1997, our shareholders approved the 1997 Plan, which provided 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for grants to employees as qualified incentive stock options and to directors as nonqualified stock options. On January 1, 2013, the last options issued under the 1997 Plan expired.

In September 2004, we adopted and our shareholders approved the 2004 Stock Compensation Plan (“2004 Plan”) making available 1,500,000 shares for grants to employees and directors. Upon adoption of the 2004 Plan, all unissued shares from the 1997 Plan were frozen and no new options were granted under the 1997 Plan. In May 2007, the 2004 Plan was amended to increase the number of shares available for grant by an additional 1,000,000 shares. In April 2011, the 2004 Plan was amended to increase the number of shares authorized from 1,402,589 to 4,944,831.

In April 2013, we adopted and our shareholders approved the 2013 Stock Compensation Plan (“2013 Plan”) making available 2,200,000 shares for grants to employees and directors. Upon adoption of the 2013 Plan, all unissued shares from the 2004 Plan were frozen and no new grants will be granted under the 2004 Plan. Shares may continue to be settled under the 1997 and 2004 Plans pursuant to previously outstanding awards. To satisfy share issuances pursuant to the equity incentive plans, we issue new shares from the 2013 Plan.

At December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, a total of 2,185,454, 1,604,198, and 2,539,341 shares, respectively, were available for future grants.

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant based on the following:

Valuation and amortization method—We estimate the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula and a single option award approach. We use historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination activity within the valuation model; separate groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. This fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period.

Expected life—The expected life of options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding.

Expected volatility—Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock.

Risk-free interest rate—The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

Expected dividend—The expected dividend assumption is based on our current expectations about its anticipated dividend policy.

Stock Option Activity

The fair value of the Company’s stock options granted to employees was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Year Ended December 31, 2012

Expected volatility	77.2		%
Risk free interest rate	1.8		%
Expected dividends	1.0		%
Expected life (in years)	8.0
Weighted average fair value	$	9.65

No stock options were granted during 2013 and 2011.

The following is a summary of option activity for our stock option plans for the year ended December 31, 2013:

					Weighted Average	Aggregate
			Weighted		Remaining	Intrinsic
			Average		Contractual Term	Value
	Shares		Exercise Price		(in years)	(in thousands)

Outstanding at January 1, 2013	315,369		$	62.77
Changes during the year:
Exercised	(5,186	)	14.31
Expired	(7,024	)	539.38
Forfeited	(511	)	508.11
Outstanding at December 31, 2013	302,648		51.79		7.9	$	1,598

Vested and expected to vest at
December 31, 2013	302,648		51.79		7.9	1,598

Exercisable at December 31, 2013	91,241		138.56		6.8	384

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying option awards and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock for the options that were in-the-money at December 31, 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised under our stock option plan was $22 thousand, determined as of the date of exercise. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, no stock options were exercised.

As of December 31, 2013, the total compensation cost that was not yet recognized related to stock options granted to employees under our stock option plans was approximately $1.6 million, net of estimated forfeitures. This cost will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $0.7 million, $14 thousand, and $17 thousand, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards and Units

Under the 1997, 2004 and 2013 Plans, we awarded restricted stock awards and units to our non-officer directors and certain senior management personnel. The awards typically vest over a three or five year period. Compensation expense is measured as the market price of the stock awards on the grant date, and is recognized over the specified vesting periods.

The table below presents the activity of restricted stock awards and units for the year ended December 31, 2013:

			Weighted Average
			Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value

Nonvested at January 1, 2013	1,098,806		$	14.61
Changes during the year:
Granted	142,347		15.56
Forfeited	(103,329	)	14.68
Vested	(301,920	)	14.65
Nonvested at December 31, 2013	835,904		14.75

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2013	835,904		14.75

As of December 31, 2013, there was $8.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards and units that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.