4. LOANS AND LEASES

Loans and leases, excluding loans held for sale, consisted of the following as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	December 31,
	2017		2016
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial & agricultural	$	503,738	$	509,987
Real estate:
Construction	64,525		101,729
Residential mortgage	1,337,193		1,213,983
Home equity	412,230		361,210
Commercial mortgage	979,239		886,615
Consumer	470,819		448,610
Leases	362		677
Subtotal	3,768,106		3,522,811
Net deferred costs	2,509		2,079
Total loans and leases	$	3,770,615	$	3,524,890

There are different types of risk characteristics for the loans in each portfolio segment. The construction and real estate segment's predominant risk characteristics are the collateral and the geographic location of the property collateralizing the loan, as well as the operating cash flow for the commercial real estate properties. The commercial and industrial (including leases) segment's predominant risk characteristics are the cash flows of the business we lend to, the global cash flows and liquidity of the guarantors of such losses, as well as economic and market conditions. The consumer segment's predominant risk characteristics are employment and income levels as they relate to the consumer.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we transferred the collateral in one portfolio loan with a carrying value of $0.1 million to other real estate. We did not transfer any loans to the held-for-sale category during the year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, we did not sell any portfolio loans during the year ended December 31, 2017.

In 2017, we purchased three auto loan portfolios totaling $83.8 million, which included a $2.3 million premium over the $81.4 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loan portfolios had a weighted average remaining term of 70 months.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we transferred the collateral in two portfolio loans with a carrying value of $1.3 million to other real estate. We did not transfer any loans to the held-for-sale category during the year ended December 31, 2016. In addition, we did not sell any portfolio loans during the year ended December 31, 2016.

In 2016, we purchased two auto loan portfolios totaling $41.2 million, which included a $0.9 million premium over the $40.3 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loan portfolios had a weighted average remaining term of 64 months. In 2016, we also purchased two unsecured consumer loan portfolios totaling $35.7 million, which represented the outstanding balance at the time of purchases. At the time of purchases, the unsecured consumer loans had a weighted average remaining term of 38 months.

In the normal course of business, our bank makes loans to certain directors, executive officers and their affiliates. These loans are made in the ordinary course of business at normal credit terms. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, related party loan balances were $32.2 million and $17.1 million, respectively.

Impaired Loans

The following tables present by class, the balance in the Allowance and the recorded investment in loans and leases based on the Company's impairment method as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



			Real Estate
	Comml., Fin. & Ag.		Constr.			Resi. Mortgage		Home Equity		Comml. Mortgage			Consumer			Leases		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2017
Allowance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment	7,594		1,835			14,328		3,317		16,801			6,126			—		50,001
Total ending balance	$	7,594	$	1,835		$	14,328	$	3,317	$	16,801		$	6,126		$	—	$	50,001

Loans and leases:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	491	$	2,597		$	13,862	$	416	$	3,914		$	—		$	—	$	21,280
Collectively evaluated for impairment	503,247		61,928			1,323,331		411,814		975,325			470,819			362		3,746,826
Subtotal	503,738		64,525			1,337,193		412,230		979,239			470,819			362		3,768,106
Net deferred costs (income)	281		(285		)	4,028		—		(1,442		)	(73		)	—		2,509
Total ending balance	$	504,019	$	64,240		$	1,341,221	$	412,230	$	977,797		$	470,746		$	362	$	3,770,615



			Real Estate
	Comml., Fin. & Ag.		Constr.			Resi. Mortgage		Home Equity			Comml. Mortgage			Consumer			Leases		Unallocated		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Allowance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment	8,637		4,224			15,055		3,502			19,104			6,109			—		—		56,631
Total ending balance	$	8,637	$	4,224		$	15,055	$	3,502		$	19,104		$	6,109		$	—	$	—	$	56,631

Loans and leases:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,877	$	2,936		$	19,940	$	333		$	5,637		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	30,723
Collectively evaluated for impairment	508,110		98,793			1,194,043		360,877			880,978			448,610			677		—		3,492,088
Subtotal	509,987		101,729			1,213,983		361,210			886,615			448,610			677		—		3,522,811
Net deferred costs (income)	453		(191		)	3,251		(1		)	(1,176		)	(257		)	—		—		2,079
Total ending balance	$	510,440	$	101,538		$	1,217,234	$	361,209		$	885,439		$	448,353		$	677	$	—	$	3,524,890

The following table presents by class, impaired loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	December 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Allowance Allocated		Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Allowance Allocated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans with no related Allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial & agricultural	$	602	$	491	$	—	$	1,988	$	1,877	$	—
Real estate:
Construction	7,947		2,597		—		9,056		2,936		—
Residential mortgage	14,920		13,862		—		21,568		19,940		—
Home equity	416		416		—		333		333		—
Commercial mortgage	3,914		3,914		—		5,637		5,637		—
Total impaired loans with no related Allowance recorded	27,799		21,280		—		38,582		30,723		—
Total impaired loans	$	27,799	$	21,280	$	—	$	38,582	$	30,723	$	—

The following table presents by class, the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:



	Year Ended				Year Ended				Year Ended
	December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial & agricultural	$	1,272	$	24	$	1,891	$	10	$	6,273	$	17
Real estate:
Construction	2,760		99		3,509		123		4,428		190
Residential mortgage	17,122		1,843		21,809		236		25,556		60
Home equity	1,213		69		472		17		545		18
Commercial mortgage	4,893		313		8,537		321		14,240		373
Total	$	27,260	$	2,348	$	36,218	$	707	$	51,042	$	658

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans within the period that the loans were impaired were primarily related to loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") that were on accrual status. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the amount of interest income recognized using a cash-based method of accounting during the period that the loans were impaired was not material.

Foreclosure Proceedings

The Company had $40 thousand and $0.3 million of residential mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Aging Analysis of Accruing and Non-Accruing Loans and Leases

For all loan types, the Company determines delinquency status by considering the number of days full payments required by the contractual terms of the loan are past due. The following tables present by class, the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Accruing Loans 30 - 59 Days Past Due		Accruing Loans 60 - 89 Days Past Due		Accruing Loans Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Past Due and Nonaccrual		Loans and Leases Not Past Due		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2017
Commercial, financial & agricultural	$	410	$	355	$	—	$	—	$	765	$	503,254	$	504,019
Real estate:
Construction	—		—		—		—		—		64,240		64,240
Residential mortgage	4,037		2,127		49		2,280		8,493		1,332,728		1,341,221
Home equity	105		264		—		416		785		411,445		412,230
Commercial mortgage	—		—		—		79		79		977,718		977,797
Consumer	2,126		1,056		515		—		3,697		467,049		470,746
Leases	—		—		—		—		—		362		362
Total	$	6,678	$	3,802	$	564	$	2,775	$	13,819	$	3,756,796	$	3,770,615



	Accruing Loans 30 - 59 Days Past Due		Accruing Loans 60 - 89 Days Past Due		Accruing Loans Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Past Due and Nonaccrual		Loans and Leases Not Past Due		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Commercial, financial & agricultural	$	761	$	80	$	—	$	1,877	$	2,718	$	507,722	$	510,440
Real estate:
Construction	—		—		—		—		—		101,538		101,538
Residential mortgage	5,014		478		—		5,322		10,814		1,206,420		1,217,234
Home equity	43		280		1,120		333		1,776		359,433		361,209
Commercial mortgage	127		—		—		864		991		884,448		885,439
Consumer	1,382		625		271		—		2,278		446,075		448,353
Leases	—		—		—		—		—		677		677
Total	$	7,327	$	1,463	$	1,391	$	8,396	$	18,577	$	3,506,313	$	3,524,890

Interest income totaling $2.6 million, $0.6 million, and $0.5 million was recognized on nonaccrual loans, including loans held for sale, in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Additional interest income of $0.4 million, $1.2 million, and $1.5 million would have been recognized in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, had these loans been accruing interest throughout those periods. Additionally, interest income of $0.8 million, $1.3 million, and $0.8 million was collected and recognized on charged-off loans in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Modifications

TDRs included in nonperforming assets at December 31, 2017 consisted of six Hawaii residential mortgage loans with a combined principal balance of $0.6 million. Concessions made to the original contractual terms of these loans consisted primarily of the deferral of interest and/or principal payments due to deterioration in the borrowers' financial condition. The principal balances on these TDRs had matured and/or were in default at the time of restructure and we have no commitments to lend additional funds to any of these borrowers. At December 31, 2016, TDRs included in nonperforming assets consisted of 24 loans with a combined principal balance of $3.6 million.

There were $12.6 million of TDRs still accruing interest at December 31, 2017, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent. At December 31, 2016, there were $16.2 million of TDRs still accruing interest, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent.

Some loans modified in a TDR may already be on nonaccrual status and partial charge-offs may have already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. Thus, these loans have already been identified as impaired and have already been evaluated under the Company's Allowance methodology. As a result, some loans modified in a TDR may have the financial effect of increasing the specific allowance associated with the loan. The loans modified in a TDR did not have a material effect on our Provision and Allowance during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

The following table presents by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Year Ended December 31, 2017					Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment (as of period end)		Increase in the Allowance		Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment (as of period end)		Increase in the Allowance
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial & agricultural	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Real estate: Residential mortgage	3	104		—		3	282		—
Total	3	104		—		3	282		—

No loans were modified as a TDR within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans and leases into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans and leases individually by classifying the loans and leases as to credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogeneous loans and leases, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention. Loans and leases classified as special mention, while still adequately protected by the borrower's capital adequacy and payment capability, exhibit distinct weakening trends and/or elevated levels of exposure to external conditions. If left unchecked or uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deteriorated prospects of repayment. These exposures require management's close attention so as to avoid becoming undue or unwarranted credit exposures.

Substandard. Loans and leases classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the borrower's current financial condition and payment capability or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans and leases so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly repayment of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans and leases classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or orderly repayment in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the exposure, its classification as an estimate loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.

Loss. Loans and leases classified as loss are considered to be non-collectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they surface as uncollectible.

Loans and leases not meeting the criteria above are considered to be pass rated loans and leases. The following tables present by class and credit indicator, the recorded investment in the Company's loans and leases as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Loss		Subtotal		Net Deferred Costs (Income)			Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2017
Commercial, financial & agricultural	$	474,995	$	7,543	$	21,200	$	—	$	503,738	$	281		$	504,019
Real estate:
Construction	55,646		8,879		—		—		64,525		(285		)	64,240
Residential mortgage	1,334,760		—		2,433		—		1,337,193		4,028			1,341,221
Home equity	411,814		—		416		—		412,230		—			412,230
Commercial mortgage	955,865		12,735		10,639		—		979,239		(1,442		)	977,797
Consumer	470,243		—		305		271		470,819		(73		)	470,746
Leases	362		—		—		—		362		—			362
Total	$	3,703,685	$	29,157	$	34,993	$	271	$	3,768,106	$	2,509		$	3,770,615



	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Loss		Subtotal		Net Deferred Costs (Income)			Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Commercial, financial & agricultural	$	502,305	$	2,632	$	5,050	$	—	$	509,987	$	453		$	510,440
Real estate:
Construction	91,812		9,896		21		—		101,729		(191		)	101,538
Residential mortgage	1,208,552		109		5,322		—		1,213,983		3,251			1,217,234
Home equity	359,757		—		1,453		—		361,210		(1		)	361,209
Commercial mortgage	852,872		18,845		14,898		—		886,615		(1,176		)	885,439
Consumer	448,262		—		190		158		448,610		(257		)	448,353
Leases	677		—		—		—		677		—			677
Total	$	3,464,237	$	31,482	$	26,934	$	158	$	3,522,811	$	2,079		$	3,524,890

In accordance with applicable Interagency Guidance issued by our primary bank regulators, we define subprime borrowers as typically having weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies and possibly more severe problems such as charge-offs, judgments, and bankruptcies. They may also display reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores, debt-to-income ratios, or other criteria that may encompass borrowers with incomplete credit histories. Subprime loans are loans to borrowers displaying one or more of these characteristics at the time of origination or purchase. Such loans have a higher risk of default than loans to prime borrowers. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, we did not have any loans that we considered to be subprime.