10-Q 1 a10qq3201893018.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
or
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-31567
CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Hawaii |  | 99-0212597
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

220 South King Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(808) 544-0500
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer x | Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act . o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
The number of shares outstanding of registrant's common stock, no par value, on October 26, 2018 was 29,172,431 shares.

CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Form 10-Q
Table of Contents

| Page
Part I. | Financial Information | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets - September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Income - Three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - Three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 7
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 8
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 46
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 65
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 66
Part II. | Other Information | 67
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 67
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 67
Item 6. | Exhibits | 68
Signatures |  | 69

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Forward-Looking Statements
This document may contain forward-looking statements concerning: projections of revenues, income/loss, earnings/loss per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure, net interest margin or other financial items, plans and objectives of management for future operations, future economic performance, or any of the assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts, and may include the words "believes," "plans," "intends," "expects," "anticipates," "forecasts," "hopes," "should," "estimates" or words of similar meaning. While we believe that our forward-looking statements and the assumptions underlying them are reasonably based, such statements and assumptions are by their nature subject to risks and uncertainties, and thus could later prove to be inaccurate or incorrect. Accordingly, actual results could materially differ from projections for a variety of reasons, to include, but not be limited to: adverse changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers and, as a result, increased loan delinquency rates, deterioration in asset quality, and losses in our loan portfolio; the impact of local, national, and international economies and events (including natural disasters such as volcanoes, wildfires, tsunamis, storms and earthquakes) on the Company's business and operations and on tourism, the military, and other major industries operating within the Hawaii market and any other markets in which the Company does business; deterioration or malaise in domestic economic conditions, including any destabilization in the financial industry and deterioration of the real estate market, as well as the impact of declining levels of consumer and business confidence in the state of the economy in general and in financial institutions in particular; changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements; the impact of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, changes in capital standards, other regulatory reform, including but not limited to regulations promulgated by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, government-sponsored enterprise reform, and any related rules and regulations on our business operations and competitiveness; the costs and effects of legal and regulatory developments, including the resolution of legal proceedings or regulatory or other governmental inquiries, the results of regulatory examinations or reviews and the effect of, and our ability to comply with, any regulatory orders or actions we are or may become subject to; ability to successfully implement our initiatives to lower our efficiency ratio; the ability to address any material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures; the effects of and changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; inflation, interest rate, securities market and monetary fluctuations; negative trends in our market capitalization and adverse changes in the price of the Company's common stock; political instability; acts of war or terrorism; changes in consumer spending, borrowings and savings habits; failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures; technological changes; changes in the competitive environment among financial holding companies and other financial service providers; the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standard setters; our ability to attract and retain key personnel; changes in our organization, compensation and benefit plans; and our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items. For further information on factors that could cause actual results to materially differ from projections, please see the Company's publicly available Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including the Company's Form 10-K for the last fiscal year and, in particular, the discussion of "Risk Factors" set forth therein. The Company does not update any of its forward-looking statements except as required by law.
3

CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 82,668 |  |  | $ | 75,318 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 7,051 |  |  | 6,975 |
Investment securities: |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities, at fair value | 1,233,002 |  |  | 1,304,066 |
Held-to-maturity debt securities, at amortized cost; fair value of: $146,466 at September 30, 2018 and $189,201 at December 31, 2017 | 152,852 |  |  | 191,753 |
Equity securities, at fair value | 885 |  |  | 825 |
Total investment securities | 1,386,739 |  |  | 1,496,644 |
Loans held for sale | 4,460 |  |  | 16,336 |
Loans and leases | 3,978,027 |  |  | 3,770,615 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (46,826 | ) |  | (50,001 | )
Net loans and leases | 3,931,201 |  |  | 3,720,614 |
Premises and equipment, net | 46,184 |  |  | 48,348 |
Accrued interest receivable | 16,755 |  |  | 16,581 |
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries | 15,283 |  |  | 7,088 |
Other real estate owned | 414 |  |  | 851 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 15,634 |  |  | 15,843 |
Core deposit premium | — |  |  | 2,006 |
Bank-owned life insurance | 157,085 |  |  | 156,293 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 10,965 |  |  | 7,761 |
Other assets | 54,201 |  |  | 53,050 |
Total assets | $ | 5,728,640 |  |  | $ | 5,623,708 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand | $ | 1,403,534 |  |  | $ | 1,395,556 |
Interest-bearing demand | 935,130 |  |  | 933,054 |
Savings and money market | 1,503,465 |  |  | 1,481,876 |
Time | 1,161,551 |  |  | 1,145,868 |
Total deposits | 5,003,680 |  |  | 4,956,354 |
Short-term borrowings | 105,000 |  |  | 32,000 |
Long-term debt | 92,785 |  |  | 92,785 |
Other liabilities | 49,024 |  |  | 42,534 |
Total liabilities | 5,250,489 |  |  | 5,123,673 |
Equity |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value, authorized 1,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: none at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, no par value, authorized 185,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 29,270,398 at September 30, 2018 and 30,024,222 at December 31, 2017 | 478,721 |  |  | 503,988 |
Additional paid-in capital | 87,939 |  |  | 86,098 |
Accumulated deficit | (61,406 | ) |  | (89,036 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (27,103 | ) |  | (1,039 | )
Total shareholders' equity | 478,151 |  |  | 500,011 |
Non-controlling interest | — |  |  | 24 |
Total equity | 478,151 |  |  | 500,035 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 5,728,640 |  |  | $ | 5,623,708 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4

CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans and leases | $ | 40,531 |  |  | $ | 36,289 |  |  | $ | 116,620 |  |  | $ | 106,777 |
Interest and dividends on investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable interest | 8,490 |  |  | 8,540 |  |  | 26,050 |  |  | 25,156 |
Tax-exempt interest | 920 |  |  | 966 |  |  | 2,786 |  |  | 2,919 |
Dividends | 26 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 36 |
Interest on deposits in other banks | 109 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 310 |  |  | 298 |
Dividends on Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 60 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 100 |
Total interest income | 50,136 |  |  | 45,993 |  |  | 145,955 |  |  | 135,286 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand | 181 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 471 |
Savings and money market | 593 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 1,421 |  |  | 797 |
Time | 4,744 |  |  | 2,637 |  |  | 12,203 |  |  | 6,490 |
Interest on short-term borrowings | 146 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 86 |
Interest on long-term debt | 1,147 |  |  | 894 |  |  | 3,221 |  |  | 2,563 |
Total interest expense | 6,811 |  |  | 3,998 |  |  | 17,636 |  |  | 10,407 |
Net interest income | 43,325 |  |  | 41,995 |  |  | 128,319 |  |  | 124,879 |
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | (59 | ) |  | (126 | ) |  | 262 |  |  | (2,488 | )
Net interest income after provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | 43,384 |  |  | 42,121 |  |  | 128,057 |  |  | 127,367 |
Other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking income | 1,923 |  |  | 1,531 |  |  | 5,545 |  |  | 5,431 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 2,189 |  |  | 2,182 |  |  | 6,169 |  |  | 6,338 |
Other service charges and fees | 3,286 |  |  | 3,185 |  |  | 9,697 |  |  | 8,986 |
Income from fiduciary activities | 1,159 |  |  | 911 |  |  | 3,132 |  |  | 2,739 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | 71 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 388 |
Fees on foreign exchange | 220 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 708 |  |  | 394 |
Investment securities gains (losses) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,640 | )
Income from bank-owned life insurance | 1,055 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 1,874 |  |  | 2,774 |
Loan placement fees | 115 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 366 |
Net gain on sales of foreclosed assets | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 205 |
Other | 802 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 1,596 |  |  | 1,472 |
Total other operating income | 10,820 |  |  | 9,569 |  |  | 29,404 |  |  | 27,453 |
Other operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 19,011 |  |  | 18,157 |  |  | 56,299 |  |  | 53,527 |
Net occupancy | 3,488 |  |  | 3,404 |  |  | 10,114 |  |  | 10,153 |
Equipment | 1,048 |  |  | 969 |  |  | 3,160 |  |  | 2,778 |
Amortization of core deposit premium | 669 |  |  | 669 |  |  | 2,006 |  |  | 2,006 |
Communication expense | 903 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 2,547 |  |  | 2,735 |
Legal and professional services | 1,528 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 5,118 |  |  | 5,633 |
Computer software expense | 2,672 |  |  | 2,346 |  |  | 7,244 |  |  | 6,788 |
Advertising expense | 612 |  |  | 626 |  |  | 1,841 |  |  | 1,408 |
Foreclosed asset expense | 212 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 537 |  |  | 123 |
Other | 3,996 |  |  | 4,518 |  |  | 12,515 |  |  | 12,155 |
Total other operating expense | 34,139 |  |  | 33,511 |  |  | 101,381 |  |  | 97,306 |
Income before income taxes | 20,065 |  |  | 18,179 |  |  | 56,080 |  |  | 57,514 |
Income tax expense | 4,872 |  |  | 6,367 |  |  | 12,386 |  |  | 20,598 |
Net income | $ | 15,193 |  |  | $ | 11,812 |  |  | $ | 43,694 |  |  | $ | 36,916 |
Per common share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 1.48 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.20 |
Cash dividends declared | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.61 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic shares | 29,297,465 |  |  | 30,300,195 |  |  | 29,536,536 |  |  | 30,526,260 |
Diluted shares | 29,479,812 |  |  | 30,514,459 |  |  | 29,743,238 |  |  | 30,758,989 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5

CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income |  | $ | 15,193 |  |  | $ | 11,812 |  |  | $ | 43,694 |  |  | $ | 36,916 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities |  | (6,072 | ) |  | (293 | ) |  | (24,712 | ) |  | 4,626 |
Defined benefit plans |  | 217 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 111 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | (5,855 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (24,089 | ) |  | 4,737 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 9,338 |  |  | $ | 11,804 |  |  | $ | 19,605 |  |  | $ | 41,653 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
6

CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Unaudited)

| Common Shares Outstanding |  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Non- Controlling Interest |  | Total
| (dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Balance at December 31, 2017 | 30,024,222 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 503,988 |  |  | $ | 86,098 |  |  | $ | (89,036 | ) |  | $ | (1,039 | ) |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 500,035 |
Impact of the adoption of new accounting standards (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | (139 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2018 | 30,024,222 |  |  | — |  |  | 503,988 |  |  | 86,098 |  |  | (88,897 | ) |  | (1,178 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | 500,035 |
Impact of the adoption of new accounting standards (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,836 |  |  | (1,836 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,694 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,694 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24,089 | ) |  | — |  |  | (24,089 | )
Cash dividends ($0.61 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,039 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,039 | )
16,950 net shares of common stock purchased by directors' deferred compensation plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | (504 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (504 | )
849,290 shares of common stock repurchased and retired and other r elated costs | (849,290 | ) |  | — |  |  | (24,763 | ) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24,763 | )
Share-based compensation | 95,466 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,841 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,841 |
Distribution from variable interest entity | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24 | ) |  | (24 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | 29,270,398 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 478,721 |  |  | $ | 87,939 |  |  | $ | (61,406 | ) |  | $ | (27,103 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 478,151 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | 30,796,243 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 530,932 |  |  | $ | 84,180 |  |  | $ | (108,941 | ) |  | $ | (1,521 | ) |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 504,675 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,916 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,916 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,737 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,737 |
Cash dividends ($0.52 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,888 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,888 | )
12,020 net shares of common stock purchased by directors' deferred compensatio n plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | (385 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (385 | )
697,483 shares of common stock repurchased and retired and other rel ated costs | (697,483 | ) |  | — |  |  | (21,304 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,304 | )
Share-based compensation | 89,988 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,120 |
Net loss from variable interest entity | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Balance at September 30, 2017 | 30,188,748 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 509,243 |  |  | $ | 85,300 |  |  | $ | (87,913 | ) |  | $ | 3,216 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 509,870 |
(1) Represents the impact of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") ASU 2016-01. See Notes 1 and 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2) Represents the impact of the adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
7

CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 43,694 |  |  | $ | 36,916 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | 262 |  |  | (2,488 | )
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment | 4,700 |  |  | 4,768 |
Gain or loss on sale of other real estate, net of write-downs | 431 |  |  | (192 | )
Amortization of core deposit premium and mortgage servicing rights | 3,419 |  |  | 3,549 |
Net amortization and accretion of premium/discounts on investment securities | 8,465 |  |  | 8,960 |
Share-based compensation expense | 1,841 |  |  | 1,120 |
Net loss on sales of investment securities | — |  |  | 1,640 |
Net gain on sales of residential mortgage loans | (3,013 | ) |  | (3,101 | )
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale | 183,967 |  |  | 249,866 |
Originations of loans held for sale | (169,078 | ) |  | (225,712 | )
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | (151 | ) |  | (388 | )
Net increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance | (792 | ) |  | (3,256 | )
Deferred income taxes | 12,201 |  |  | 19,984 |
Net tax benefits from share-based compensation | 185 |  |  | 614 |
Net change in other assets and liabilities | (7,925 | ) |  | (15,701 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 78,206 |  |  | 76,579 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities of and calls on investment securities available-for-sale | 114,508 |  |  | 128,588 |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale | — |  |  | 96,019 |
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale | (85,334 | ) |  | (333,242 | )
Proceeds from maturities of and calls on investment securities held-to-maturity | 38,491 |  |  | 19,455 |
Net loan proceeds (originations) | (190,022 | ) |  | (63,835 | )
Purchases of loan portfolios | (20,867 | ) |  | (50,725 | )
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed loans/other real estate owned | 46 |  |  | 286 |
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance | — |  |  | 2,921 |
Net purchases of premises and equipment | (2,536 | ) |  | (4,849 | )
Net return of capital from unconsolidated subsidiaries | 614 |  |  | 549 |
Contributions to unconsolidated subsidiaries | — |  |  | (4 | )
Net (purchases of) proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock | (3,204 | ) |  | 5,088 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (148,304 | ) |  | (199,749 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in deposits | 47,326 |  |  | 319,296 |
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | 73,000 |  |  | (135,000 | )
Cash dividends paid on common stock | (18,039 | ) |  | (15,888 | )
Repurchases of common stock and other related costs | (24,763 | ) |  | (21,304 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 77,524 |  |  | 147,104 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 7,426 |  |  | 23,934 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 82,293 |  |  | 84,341 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 89,719 |  |  | $ | 108,275 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest | $ | 15,969 |  |  | $ | 9,097 |
Income taxes | 23 |  |  | 7,900 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Net change in common stock held by directors’ deferred compensation plan | 504 |  |  | 385 |
Net reclassification of loans to foreclosed loans/other real estate owned | 40 |  |  | 154 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
8

CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Central Pacific Financial Corp. and Subsidiaries (herein referred to as the "Company," "we," "us" or "our") have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes thereto filed on Form 10-K, as amended by our Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been made and include all normal recurring adjustments. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In December 2015, we acquired a 50% ownership interest in a mortgage loan origination and brokerage company, One Hawaii HomeLoans, LLC. The bank concluded that the investment meets the consolidation requirements under Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, "Consolidation." The bank concluded that the entity meets the definition of a variable interest entity and that we are the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity. Accordingly, the investment was consolidated into our financial statements. One Hawaii HomeLoans, LLC was terminated in 2017, and final payment of taxes and distributions to members was made in March 2018.
We have 50% ownership interests in three other mortgage loan origination and brokerage companies which are accounted for using the equity method and are included in investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries: Gentry HomeLoans, LLC, Haseko HomeLoans, LLC and Island Pacific HomeLoans, LLC. We also had 50% ownership interest in one additional mortgage loan origination and brokerage company, Pacific Access Mortgage, LLC, which was also accounted for using the equity method and was included in investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries. Pacific Access Mortgage, LLC was terminated in 2017, and final payment of taxes and distributions to members was made in March 2018.
We also have non-controlling equity investments in affiliates that are accounted for under the cost method and are included in investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries.
Our investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries accounted for under the equity and cost methods were $0.2 million and $15.1 million, respectively, at September 30, 2018 and $0.6 million and $6.5 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017. Our policy for determining impairment of these investments includes an evaluation of whether a loss in value of an investment is other than temporary. Evidence of a loss in value includes absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the inability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity which would justify the carrying amount of the investment. We perform impairment tests whenever indicators of impairment are present. If the value of an investment declines and it is considered other than temporary, the investment is written down to its respective fair value in the period in which this determination is made.
The Company sponsors the Central Pacific Bank Foundation, which is not consolidated in the Company's financial statements.
Reclassifications
The Company's equity investment securities in the prior year have been reclassified from available-for-sale debt securities to conform to the current year's presentation in accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-01, "Financial Instruments (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities." The reclassification had no impact on the Company's reported net income or shareholders' equity.
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2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2018
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This ASU replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP. ASU 2014-09 was initially effective for the Company's reporting period beginning on January 1, 2017. However, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date" which deferred the effective date by one year. For financial reporting purposes, the standard allows for either a full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. The FASB has also issued additional updates to provide further clarification to specific implementation issues associated with ASU 2014-09. These updates include ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations," ASU 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing," ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients," and ASU 2016-20 "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606." Our revenue is comprised of net interest income on financial assets and financial liabilities, which is our main source of income, and other operating income. The scope of ASU 2014-09 explicitly excludes net interest income, as well as other revenues associated with financial assets and liabilities, including loans, leases, securities and derivatives. With respect to other operating income, the Company conducted a comprehensive scoping exercise to determine the revenue streams that are in scope of the guidance. This included reviewing the contracts potentially impacted by the standard in revenue streams such as deposit-related fees, merchant fees, bank card fees, interchange fees, commissions income, trust and asset management fees, foreign exchange fees, and loan placement fees. We adopted ASU 2014-09 and all subsequent amendments to the standard beginning January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective approach. Based on our analysis, the standard required us to change how we recognize certain recurring revenue streams on a gross versus net basis. This resulted in an increase in other service charges and fees totaling $0.2 million and $0.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and the resultant increase in other operating expense-other for the same amount. These changes did not have an impact to our net income; as such a cumulative effect adjustment to opening accumulated deficit was not deemed necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606 while prior period amounts continue to be recorded in accordance with legacy GAAP. Refer to Note 11 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers for further discussion on the Company's accounting policies for revenue sources within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities." The amendments in ASU 2016-01 made targeted improvements to GAAP as follows: 1) required equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, 2) simplified the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment, 3) eliminated the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities, 4) eliminated the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet, 5) required public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, 6) required an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments, 7) required separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements, and 8) clarified that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 beginning January 1, 2018, which resulted in a reclassification of the Company's equity investment securities portfolio of $0.9 million and $0.8 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, from available-for-sale debt securities to equity securities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value are recognized in net income. In addition, during the first quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment which increased opening retained earnings (or reduced opening accumulated deficit) and decreased accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") by $0.1 million related to the unrealized gains on the equity investment securities portfolio and changes in the fair value of the equity investment securities portfolio were recognized in net income. The Company also engaged a third-party consultant, who used a refined calculation to determine the fair value of our loans held for investment portfolio using the exit price notion, which is included in our fair value disclosures in Note 17 - Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities. The refined calculation did not have a material impact on our fair value disclosures.
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In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU 2016-15 provided guidance on eight statement of cash flow classification issues and was intended to reduce the current and future diversity in practice described in the amendments. Current GAAP is either unclear or does not include specific guidance on the eight statement of cash flow classification issues included in ASU 2016-15. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 effective January 1, 2018. The amendments in ASU 2016-15 did not impact the Company's financial statements as our current practice was consistent with the update.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, "Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Post-retirement Benefit Cost." ASU 2017-07 requires an entity to present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same line item or items in the statement of income as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. In addition, only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization. The other components of net benefit costs should be presented in the statement of income separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. If a separate line item is used to present the other components, that line item shall be described appropriately. The line items used in the income statement to present the components other than the service cost component shall be disclosed if a Company elects to not present them in a separate line item. The Company adopted ASU 2017-07 effective January 1, 2018. The amendments in ASU 2017-07 did not impact the Company's financial statements.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, "Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities." ASU 2017-08 shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date. ASU 2017-08 does not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. Although ASU 2017-08 is effective for the Company's reporting period beginning on January 1, 2019, the Company elected to early adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018. The amendments in ASU 2017-08 did not have a material impact to the Company's financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification." ASU 2017-09 was issued to provide clarity and reduce both (1) diversity in practice and (2) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. Diversity in practice has arisen in part because some entities apply modification accounting under Topic 718 for modifications to terms and conditions that they consider substantive, but do not when they conclude that particular modifications are not substantive. Others apply modification accounting for any change to an award, except for changes that they consider purely administrative in nature. Still others apply modification accounting when a change to an award changes the fair value, the vesting, or the classification of the award. In practice, it appears that the evaluation of a change in fair value, vesting, or classification may be used to evaluate whether a change is substantive. ASU 2017-09 includes guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 effective January 1, 2018. The amendments in ASU 2017-09 did not impact the Company's financial statements as the Company has not historically had any scope modifications and has no plans to do so in the near future.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income." ASU 2018-02 was issued to address certain stranded tax effects in AOCI as a result of H.R.1., commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform"). ASU 2018-02 provides companies the option to reclassify stranded tax effects within AOCI to retained earnings (or accumulated deficit) in each period in which the effect of the change from the newly enacted corporate tax rate is recorded. The amount of the reclassification is calculated on the basis of the difference between the historical and newly enacted tax rates for deferred tax assets and liabilities related to items within AOCI. ASU 2018-02 requires companies to disclose its accounting policy related to releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income, whether it has elected to reclassify the stranded tax effects, and information about the other income tax effects that are reclassified. Although ASU 2018-02 is effective for the Company's reporting period beginning on January 1, 2019, the Company elected to early adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018. As a result, the Company recorded cumulative effect adjustments which increased opening retained earnings (or reduced opening accumulated deficit) and decreased AOCI for the stranded tax effects related to the Company's defined benefit pension and supplemental retirement plan obligations and the unrealized loss on the Company's investment securities portfolio by $1.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
Impact of Other Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements on Future Filings
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." ASU 2016-02 increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key
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information about leasing arrangements. The ASU establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term of longer than 12 months. The FASB has also made available several practical expedients to assist entities with the adoption of ASU 2016-02. Among other things, these practical expedients require no reassessment of whether existing contracts are or contain leases as well as no reassessment of lease classification for current leases. In July 2018, the FASB released ASU 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842 Targeted Improvements)," which adds an additional practical expedient that allows entities to elect not to recast comparative periods presented when transitioning to Topic 842. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, the Company has engaged a software vendor to assist in the implementation of ASU 2016-02 and has completed testing of completeness and accuracy of the lease population. The ASU is effective for the Company's reporting period beginning January 1, 2019 and must be applied using the modified retrospective approach. Based on preliminary evaluation, the ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as the projected minimum lease payments under existing leases subject to the ASU are less than one percent of our total assets as of September 30, 2018.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," which significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren’t measured at fair value through net income. In issuing the standard, the FASB is responding to criticism that today’s “incurred loss” guidance delays the recognition of credit losses on loans, leases, held-to-maturity debt securities, loan commitments, and financial guarantees, and instead provides for a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) approach to determine the allowance for credit losses. CECL requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In addition, this guidance modifies the accounting treatment for other-than-temporary impairment for available-for-sale debt securities. Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation methods are appropriate for their circumstances. This guidance requires entities to record a cumulative effect adjustment to the consolidated balance sheet as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted. As such, the Company will implement CECL for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2020. The new guidance will require significant operational changes, particularly in data collection and analysis.
The Company has formed a steering committee that is responsible for oversight of the Company’s implementation strategy for compliance with provisions of the new standard. The Company has also established a project management governance process to manage the implementation across affected disciplines. An external provider specializing in community bank loss driver and CECL reserving model design as well as other related consulting services has been retained, and we have begun to evaluate potential CECL modeling alternatives. As part of this process, the Company has determined potential loan pool segmentation and sub-segmentation under CECL, as well as evaluated the key economic loss drivers for each segment. Further, the Company has engaged a third party economic forecasting service to utilize in developing the Company's reasonable and supportable forecasts under CECL. The Company presently plans to generate and evaluate model scenarios under CECL in tandem with its current reserving processes for interim and annual reporting periods in 2019. While the Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the impact of adopting this new guidance, management expects the impact of adoption will be significantly influenced by the composition and quality of the Company’s loans and investment securities as well as the economic conditions as of the date of adoption. The Company also anticipates significant changes to the processes and procedures for calculating the reserve for credit losses and continues to evaluate the potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities." ASU 2017-12 was issued to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The FASB believes that such amendments will: 1) improve the transparency of information about an entity’s risk management activities and 2) simplify the application of hedge accounting. The ASU allows an entity that qualifies for the last-of-layer method to reclassify securities from the held-to-maturity category to the available-for-sale category. The ASU is effective for the the Company's reporting period beginning on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the potential impact the amendments will have on our consolidated financial statements, but we do not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement." The ASU is part of the FASB's disclosure framework project to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements by facilitating clear communication of the information required by generally accepted accounting principles. The ASU modifies disclosure requirements on fair value
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measurements in Topic 820 and is effective for the Company's reporting period beginning January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. Based on preliminary evaluation, the ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, "Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans." Like ASU 2018-13, this ASU is part of the FASB's disclosure framework project. This ASU modifies disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The ASU is effective for the Company's reporting period beginning January 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. Based on preliminary evaluation, the ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract," which requires an entity in a cloud computing arrangement (i.e., hosting arrangement) that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets or expense as incurred. Capitalized implementation costs should be presented in the same line item on the balance sheet as amounts prepaid for the hosted service, if any (generally as an “other asset”). The capitalized costs will be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, with the amortization expense being presented in the same income statement line item as the fees paid for the hosted service. ASU 2018-15 is effective for the Company's reporting period beginning January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the potential impact the amendments will have on our consolidated financial statements, but we do not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES
A summary of our investment portfolio is as follows:

(dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | $ | 87,356 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4,339 | ) |  | $ | 83,017 |
Commercial - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 65,496 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,047 | ) |  | 63,449 |
Total held-to-maturity securities | $ | 152,852 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6,386 | ) |  | $ | 146,466 |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions | $ | 175,495 |  |  | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | (2,731 | ) |  | $ | 173,552 |
Corporate securities | 65,587 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (477 | ) |  | 65,133 |
U.S. Treasury obligations and direct obligations of U.S Government agencies | 34,566 |  |  | — |  |  | (647 | ) |  | 33,919 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 763,635 |  |  | 297 |  |  | (29,575 | ) |  | 734,357 |
Commercial - U.S. Government agencies and sponsored entities | 53,618 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,413 | ) |  | 51,205 |
Residential - Non-government agencies | 42,069 |  |  | 132 |  |  | (831 | ) |  | 41,370 |
Commercial - Non-government agencies | 134,914 |  |  | 321 |  |  | (1,769 | ) |  | 133,466 |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 1,269,884 |  |  | $ | 1,561 |  |  | $ | (38,443 | ) |  | $ | 1,233,002 |
Equity securities | $ | 712 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 885 |

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(dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | $ | 100,279 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | (2,222 | ) |  | $ | 98,163 |
Commercial - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 91,474 |  |  | — |  |  | (436 | ) |  | 91,038 |
Total held-to-maturity securities | $ | 191,753 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | (2,658 | ) |  | $ | 189,201 |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions | $ | 178,459 |  |  | $ | 2,041 |  |  | $ | (719 | ) |  | $ | 179,781 |
Corporate securities | 73,772 |  |  | 582 |  |  | (76 | ) |  | 74,278 |
U.S. Treasury obligations and direct obligations of U.S Government agencies | 25,519 |  |  | 60 |  |  | (69 | ) |  | 25,510 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 808,242 |  |  | 2,230 |  |  | (9,789 | ) |  | 800,683 |
Commercial - U.S. Government agencies and sponsored entities | 40,012 |  |  | — |  |  | (287 | ) |  | 39,725 |
Residential - Non-government agencies | 45,679 |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,763 |
Commercial - Non-government agencies | 135,058 |  |  | 2,461 |  |  | (193 | ) |  | 137,326 |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 1,306,741 |  |  | $ | 8,458 |  |  | $ | (11,133 | ) |  | $ | 1,304,066 |
Equity securities | $ | 686 |  |  | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 825 |

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The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at September 30, 2018 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

| September 30, 2018
(dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | $ | 87,356 |  |  | $ | 83,017 |
Commercial - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 65,496 |  |  | 63,449 |
Total held-to-maturity securities | $ | 152,852 |  |  | $ | 146,466 |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 63,878 |  |  | $ | 63,916 |
Due after one year through five years | 103,852 |  |  | 103,115 |
Due after five years through ten years | 50,639 |  |  | 49,629 |
Due after ten years | 57,279 |  |  | 55,944 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 763,635 |  |  | 734,357 |
Commercial - U.S. Government agencies and sponsored entities | 53,618 |  |  | 51,205 |
Residential - Non-government agencies | 42,069 |  |  | 41,370 |
Commercial - Non-government agencies | 134,914 |  |  | 133,466 |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 1,269,884 |  |  | $ | 1,233,002 |
Equity securities | $ | 712 |  |  | $ | 885 |

We did not sell any available-for-sale securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
In the second quarter of 2017, we completed an investment portfolio repositioning strategy designed to enhance potential prospective earnings and improve net interest margin. In connection with the repositioning, we sold $97.7 million in lower-yielding available-for-sale securities, and purchased $97.4 million in higher yielding, longer duration investment securities. The
investment securities sold had an average yield of 1.91%. Gross proceeds of the sale of $96.0 million were immediately reinvested back into investment securities with an average yield of 2.57%. The new securities were classified in the available-for-sale portfolio. There were no gross realized gains on the sale of the investment securities. Gross realized losses on the sale of the investment securities were $1.6 million. The specific identification method was used as the basis for determining the cost of all securities sold.
We did not sell any available-for-sale securities during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017.
Investment securities of $1.00 billion and $1.08 billion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds on deposit and other long-term debt and short-term borrowings.
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Provided below is a summary of the 379 and 223 investment securities which were in an unrealized or unrecognized loss position at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized or unrecognized loss position.

| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions | $ | 87,069 |  |  | $ | (1,225 | ) |  | $ | 26,654 |  |  | $ | (1,506 | ) |  | $ | 113,723 |  |  | $ | (2,731 | )
Corporate securities | 54,275 |  |  | (301 | ) |  | 5,130 |  |  | (176 | ) |  | 59,405 |  |  | (477 | )
U.S. Treasury obligations and direct obligations of U.S Government agencies | 31,220 |  |  | (602 | ) |  | 2,699 |  |  | (45 | ) |  | 33,919 |  |  | (647 | )
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 285,808 |  |  | (7,950 | ) |  | 513,681 |  |  | (25,964 | ) |  | 799,489 |  |  | (33,914 | )
Residential - Non-government agencies | 24,690 |  |  | (831 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,690 |  |  | (831 | )
Commercial - U.S. Government agencies and sponsored entities | 57,509 |  |  | (1,873 | ) |  | 57,145 |  |  | (2,587 | ) |  | 114,654 |  |  | (4,460 | )
Commercial - Non-government agencies | 93,778 |  |  | (1,769 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,778 |  |  | (1,769 | )
Total temporarily impaired securities | $ | 634,349 |  |  | $ | (14,551 | ) |  | $ | 605,309 |  |  | $ | (30,278 | ) |  | $ | 1,239,658 |  |  | $ | (44,829 | )

| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions | $ | 53,811 |  |  | $ | (305 | ) |  | $ | 15,403 |  |  | $ | (414 | ) |  | $ | 69,214 |  |  | $ | (719 | )
Corporate securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,307 |  |  | (76 | ) |  | 5,307 |  |  | (76 | )
U.S. Treasury obligations and direct obligations of U.S Government agencies | 10,740 |  |  | (69 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,740 |  |  | (69 | )
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 335,883 |  |  | (3,372 | ) |  | 340,219 |  |  | (8,639 | ) |  | 676,102 |  |  | (12,011 | )
Residential - Non-government agencies | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial - U.S. Government-sponsored entities | 130,763 |  |  | (723 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 130,763 |  |  | (723 | )
Commercial - Non-government agencies | 28,490 |  |  | (193 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,490 |  |  | (193 | )
Total temporarily impaired securities | $ | 559,687 |  |  | $ | (4,662 | ) |  | $ | 360,929 |  |  | $ | (9,129 | ) |  | $ | 920,616 |  |  | $ | (13,791 | )

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment ("OTTI")
Management evaluates investment securities for OTTI on at least a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation, to determine whether the unrealized losses on investment securities, or the decline in their value below amortized cost is "other-than-temporary." The term "other-than-temporary" is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value are not necessarily favorable, or that there is a general lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. In conducting this assessment, for securities in an unrealized loss position we evaluate a number of factors including, but not limited to:

• | The length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis;

• | Adverse conditions specifically related to the security, an industry, or a geographic area;

• | The historical and implied volatility of the fair value of the security;

• | The payment structure of the debt security and the likelihood of the issuer being able to make payments;

• | Failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments;

• | Any rating changes by a rating agency; and

16

• | Recoveries or additional declines in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date.

Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, the value of the security is reduced and a corresponding impairment charge to earnings is recognized for anticipated credit losses.
For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: 1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and 2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. For equity securities, the entire amount of impairment is recognized through earnings.
In order to determine OTTI for purchased beneficial interests that, on the purchase date, were not highly rated, the Company compares the present value of the remaining cash flows as estimated at the preceding evaluation date to the current expected remaining cash flows. OTTI is deemed to have occurred if there has been an adverse change in the remaining expected future cash flows.
The declines in market value were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and volatility in the credit and financial markets. Because we have no intent to sell securities in an unrealized loss position and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell such securities before recovery of its amortized cost basis, we do not consider our investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
Visa and MasterCard Class B Common Stock
As of September 30, 2018, the Company owns 34,631 shares and 11,170 shares of Class B common stock of Visa, Inc. ("Visa") and MasterCard, Inc. ("MasterCard"), respectively. Due to transfer restrictions and the lack of readily determinable fair values of Class B common stock of Visa and MasterCard, the Company chooses to carry the shares on the Company's consolidated balance sheets at zero cost basis.
4. LOANS AND LEASES
Loans and leases, excluding loans held for sale, consisted of the following:

(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 564,900 |  |  | $ | 503,738 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 69,065 |  |  | 64,525 |
Residential mortgage | 1,388,925 |  |  | 1,337,193 |
Home equity | 455,599 |  |  | 412,230 |
Commercial mortgage | 1,034,951 |  |  | 979,239 |
Consumer | 462,198 |  |  | 470,819 |
Leases | 170 |  |  | 362 |
Gross loans and leases | 3,975,808 |  |  | 3,768,106 |
Net deferred costs | 2,219 |  |  | 2,509 |
Total loans and leases, net of deferred costs | $ | 3,978,027 |  |  | $ | 3,770,615 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we foreclosed on one loan totaling $40 thousand, which was sold at a small premium to book value.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we foreclosed on one loan totaling $0.1 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we did not transfer any loans to the held-for-sale category.
17

We did not sell any portfolio loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
In May 2018, we purchased an auto loan portfolio totaling $20.6 million which included a $0.1 million premium over the $20.5 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loans had a weighted average remaining term of 63 months and a weighted average yield, net of the premium paid and servicing costs, of 3.89%.
In November 2017, we purchased an auto loan portfolio totaling $33.1 million which included a $1.1 million premium over the $31.9 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loans had a weighted average remaining term of 76 months and a weighted average yield, net of the premium paid and servicing costs, of 3.04%.
In May 2017, we purchased an auto loan portfolio totaling $26.6 million which included a $0.9 million premium over the $25.7 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loans had a weighted average remaining term of 77 months and a weighted average yield, net of the premium paid and servicing costs, of 2.67%.
In March 2017, we purchased an auto loan portfolio totaling $24.1 million which included a $0.4 million premium over the $23.8 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loans had a weighted average remaining term of 55 months and a weighted average yield, net of the premium paid and servicing costs, of 2.60%.
Impaired Loans
The following tables present by class, the balance in the allowance for loan and lease losses (the "Allowance") and the recorded investment in loans and leases based on the Company's impairment measurement method as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) | Comml, Fin & Ag |  | Constr |  | Resi Mortgage |  | Home Equity |  | Comml Mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 87 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 7,867 |  |  | 1,291 |  |  | 14,048 |  |  | 3,718 |  |  | 13,470 |  |  | 6,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,739 |
Total ending balance | $ | 7,867 |  |  | $ | 1,291 |  |  | $ | 14,135 |  |  | $ | 3,718 |  |  | $ | 13,470 |  |  | $ | 6,345 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,826 |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 2,355 |  |  | $ | 12,660 |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | 3,439 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,257 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 564,512 |  |  | 66,710 |  |  | 1,376,265 |  |  | 455,184 |  |  | 1,031,512 |  |  | 462,198 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 3,956,551 |
Subtotal | 564,900 |  |  | 69,065 |  |  | 1,388,925 |  |  | 455,599 |  |  | 1,034,951 |  |  | 462,198 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 3,975,808 |
Net deferred costs (income) | 464 |  |  | (424 | ) |  | 3,744 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,501 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,219 |
Total loans and leases, net of deferred costs (income) | $ | 565,364 |  |  | $ | 68,641 |  |  | $ | 1,392,669 |  |  | $ | 455,599 |  |  | $ | 1,033,450 |  |  | $ | 462,134 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | 3,978,027 |

|  |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) | Comml, Fin & Ag |  | Constr |  | Resi Mortgage |  | Home Equity |  | Comml Mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 7,594 |  |  | 1,835 |  |  | 14,328 |  |  | 3,317 |  |  | 16,801 |  |  | 6,126 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,001 |
Total ending balance | $ | 7,594 |  |  | $ | 1,835 |  |  | $ | 14,328 |  |  | $ | 3,317 |  |  | $ | 16,801 |  |  | 6,126 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,001 |
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | 2,597 |  |  | $ | 13,862 |  |  | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 3,914 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,280 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 503,247 |  |  | 61,928 |  |  | 1,323,331 |  |  | 411,814 |  |  | 975,325 |  |  | 470,819 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 3,746,826 |
Subtotal | 503,738 |  |  | 64,525 |  |  | 1,337,193 |  |  | 412,230 |  |  | 979,239 |  |  | 470,819 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 3,768,106 |
Net deferred costs (income) | 281 |  |  | (285 | ) |  | 4,028 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,442 | ) |  | (73 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,509 |
Total loans and leases, net of deferred costs (income) | $ | 504,019 |  |  | $ | 64,240 |  |  | $ | 1,341,221 |  |  | $ | 412,230 |  |  | $ | 977,797 |  |  | $ | 470,746 |  |  | $ | 362 |  |  | $ | 3,770,615 |

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There was one impaired loan with an allowance of $0.1 million recorded as of September 30, 2018. There were no impaired loans with an allowance recorded as of December 31, 2017. The following table presents by class, information related to impaired loans as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Allowance Allocated |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Allowance Allocated
| (dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 7,705 |  |  | 2,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,947 |  |  | 2,597 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 13,689 |  |  | 12,660 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 14,920 |  |  | 13,862 |  |  | — |
Home equity | 415 |  |  | 415 |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |  |  | 416 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage | 3,439 |  |  | 3,439 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,914 |  |  | 3,914 |  |  | — |
Total impaired loans | $ | 25,746 |  |  | $ | 19,257 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 27,799 |  |  | $ | 21,280 |  |  | $ | — |

The following table presents by class, the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
(dollars in thousands) | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 1,212 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 2,382 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 2,704 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 2,476 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 2,800 |  |  | 74 |
Residential mortgage | 12,857 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 16,444 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 13,208 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 17,951 |  |  | 1,356 |
Home equity | 447 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,418 |  |  | — |  |  | 516 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,343 |  |  | 1 |
Commercial mortgage | 3,483 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 4,440 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 3,653 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 5,143 |  |  | 272 |
Total | $ | 19,568 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 26,218 |  |  | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 20,351 |  |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | 28,737 |  |  | $ | 1,710 |

Foreclosure Proceedings
The Company had $0.1 million of residential mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure at September 30, 2018. The Company had $40 thousand of residential mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2017.
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Aging Analysis of Accruing and Non-Accruing Loans and Leases
For all loan types, the Company determines delinquency status by considering the number of days full payments required by the contractual terms of the loan are past due. The following tables present by class, the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(dollars in thousands) | Accruing Loans 30 - 59 Days Past Due |  | Accruing Loans 60 - 89 Days Past Due |  | Accruing Loans Greater Than 90 Days Past Due |  | Nonaccrual Loans |  | Total Past Due and Nonaccrual |  | Loans and Leases Not Past Due |  | Total
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 1,821 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,147 |  |  | $ | 563,217 |  |  | $ | 565,364 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,641 |  |  | 68,641 |
Residential mortgage | 98 |  |  | 708 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,197 |  |  | 3,003 |  |  | 1,389,666 |  |  | 1,392,669 |
Home equity | 1,582 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 415 |  |  | 1,997 |  |  | 453,602 |  |  | 455,599 |
Commercial mortgage | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1,033,438 |  |  | 1,033,450 |
Consumer | 1,849 |  |  | 604 |  |  | 333 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,786 |  |  | 459,348 |  |  | 462,134 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170 |  |  | 170 |
Total | $ | 5,362 |  |  | $ | 1,638 |  |  | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | 2,612 |  |  | $ | 9,945 |  |  | $ | 3,968,082 |  |  | $ | 3,978,027 |

(dollars in thousands) | Accruing Loans 30 - 59 Days Past Due |  | Accruing Loans 60 - 89 Days Past Due |  | Accruing Loans Greater Than 90 Days Past Due |  | Nonaccrual Loans |  | Total Past Due and Nonaccrual |  | Loans and Leases Not Past Due |  | Total
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 355 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 765 |  |  | $ | 503,254 |  |  | $ | 504,019 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,240 |  |  | 64,240 |
Residential mortgage | 4,037 |  |  | 2,127 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 2,280 |  |  | 8,493 |  |  | 1,332,728 |  |  | 1,341,221 |
Home equity | 105 |  |  | 264 |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |  |  | 785 |  |  | 411,445 |  |  | 412,230 |
Commercial mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 977,718 |  |  | 977,797 |
Consumer | 2,126 |  |  | 1,056 |  |  | 515 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,697 |  |  | 467,049 |  |  | 470,746 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 362 |  |  | 362 |
Total | $ | 6,678 |  |  | $ | 3,802 |  |  | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 2,775 |  |  | $ | 13,819 |  |  | $ | 3,756,796 |  |  | $ | 3,770,615 |

Modifications
Troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") included in nonperforming assets at September 30, 2018 consisted of three Hawaii residential mortgage loans with a combined principal balance of $0.4 million.
Concessions made to the original contractual terms of these loans consisted primarily of the deferral of interest and/or principal payments due to deterioration in the borrowers' financial condition. The principal balances on these TDRs had matured and/or were in default at the time of restructure, and we have no commitments to lend additional funds to any of these borrowers. There were $11.3 million of TDRs still accruing interest at September 30, 2018, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent. At December 31, 2017, there were $12.6 million of TDRs still accruing interest, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent.
Some loans modified in a TDR may already be on nonaccrual status and partial charge-offs may have already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. Thus, these loans have already been identified as impaired and have already been evaluated under the Company's allowance for loan and lease losses (the "Allowance") methodology. Loans that were not on nonaccrual status when modified in a TDR may have the financial effect of increasing the specific allowance associated with the loan. The loans modified in a TDR did not have a material effect on our provision for loan and lease losses (the "Provision") and the Allowance during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
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The following table presents by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the period presented.

(dollars in thousands) | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment (as of Period End) |  | Increase in the Allowance
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: Residential mortgage | 3 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | — |
Total | 3 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | — |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: Residential mortgage | 3 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | — |
Total | 3 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | — |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: Residential mortgage | 1 |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |
Total | 1 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | — |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | 1 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate: Residential mortgage | 1 |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |
Total | 2 |  |  | $ | 702 |  |  | $ | — |

No loans were modified as a TDR within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company categorizes loans and leases into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans and leases individually by classifying the loans and leases by credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogeneous loans and leases, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
Special Mention. Loans and leases classified as special mention, while still adequately protected by the borrower's capital adequacy and payment capability, exhibit distinct weakening trends and/or elevated levels of exposure to external conditions. If left unchecked or uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deteriorated prospects of repayment. These exposures require management's close attention so as to avoid becoming undue or unwarranted credit exposures.
Substandard. Loans and leases classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the borrower's current financial condition and payment capability or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans and leases so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly repayment of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful. Loans and leases classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or orderly repayment in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the exposure, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.
Loss. Loans and leases classified as loss are considered to be non-collectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they surface as uncollectible.
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Loans and leases not meeting the criteria above are considered to be pass-rated. The following table presents by class and credit indicator, the recorded investment in the Company's loans and leases as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(dollars in thousands) | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Loss |  | Subtotal |  | Net Deferred Costs (Income) |  | Total
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 535,574 |  |  | $ | 11,496 |  |  | $ | 17,830 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 564,900 |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | 565,364 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 69,065 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69,065 |  |  | (424 | ) |  | 68,641 |
Residential mortgage | 1,386,630 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,295 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,388,925 |  |  | 3,744 |  |  | 1,392,669 |
Home equity | 455,184 |  |  | — |  |  | 415 |  |  | — |  |  | 455,599 |  |  | — |  |  | 455,599 |
Commercial mortgage | 1,022,854 |  |  | 10,982 |  |  | 1,115 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,034,951 |  |  | (1,501 | ) |  | 1,033,450 |
Consumer | 461,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 135 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 462,198 |  |  | (64 | ) |  | 462,134 |
Leases | 170 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170 |  |  | — |  |  | 170 |
Total | $ | 3,931,342 |  |  | $ | 22,478 |  |  | $ | 21,790 |  |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 3,975,808 |  |  | $ | 2,219 |  |  | $ | 3,978,027 |

(dollars in thousands) | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Loss |  | Subtotal |  | Net Deferred Costs (Income) |  | Total
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 474,995 |  |  | $ | 7,543 |  |  | $ | 21,200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 503,738 |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 504,019 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 55,646 |  |  | 8,879 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,525 |  |  | (285 | ) |  | 64,240 |
Residential mortgage | 1,334,760 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,433 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,337,193 |  |  | 4,028 |  |  | 1,341,221 |
Home equity | 411,814 |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |  |  | — |  |  | 412,230 |  |  | — |  |  | 412,230 |
Commercial mortgage | 955,865 |  |  | 12,735 |  |  | 10,639 |  |  | — |  |  | 979,239 |  |  | (1,442 | ) |  | 977,797 |
Consumer | 470,243 |  |  | — |  |  | 305 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 470,819 |  |  | (73 | ) |  | 470,746 |
Leases | 362 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 362 |  |  | — |  |  | 362 |
Total | $ | 3,703,685 |  |  | $ | 29,157 |  |  | $ | 34,993 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 3,768,106 |  |  | $ | 2,509 |  |  | $ | 3,770,615 |

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5. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES
The following table presents by class, the activity in the Allowance for the periods indicated:

|  |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial, Financial & Agricultural |  | Construction |  | Residential Mortgage |  | Home Equity |  | Commercial Mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Beginning balance | $ | 7,525 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |  |  | $ | 14,252 |  |  | $ | 3,168 |  |  | $ | 15,094 |  |  | $ | 6,331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48,181 |
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | 495 |  |  | (526 | ) |  | (168 | ) |  | 544 |  |  | (1,632 | ) |  | 1,228 |  |  | — |  |  | (59 | )
| 8,020 |  |  | 1,285 |  |  | 14,084 |  |  | 3,712 |  |  | 13,462 |  |  | 7,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,122 |
Charge-offs | 731 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,762 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,493 |
Recoveries | 578 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 548 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,197 |
Net charge-offs (recoveries) | 153 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (51 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | 1,214 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,296 |
Ending balance | $ | 7,867 |  |  | $ | 1,291 |  |  | $ | 14,135 |  |  | $ | 3,718 |  |  | $ | 13,470 |  |  | $ | 6,345 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,826 |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Beginning balance | $ | 8,598 |  |  | $ | 3,212 |  |  | $ | 14,034 |  |  | $ | 3,370 |  |  | $ | 18,184 |  |  | $ | 5,430 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 52,828 |
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | (690 | ) |  | (207 | ) |  | (526 | ) |  | (134 | ) |  | (541 | ) |  | 1,972 |  |  | — |  |  | (126 | )
| 7,908 |  |  | 3,005 |  |  | 13,508 |  |  | 3,236 |  |  | 17,643 |  |  | 7,402 |  |  | — |  |  | 52,702 |
Charge-offs | 429 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,709 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,138 |
Recoveries | 165 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 311 |  |  | — |  |  | 653 |
Net charge-offs (recoveries) | 264 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | (124 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | 1,398 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,485 |
Ending balance | $ | 7,644 |  |  | $ | 3,045 |  |  | $ | 13,632 |  |  | $ | 3,242 |  |  | $ | 17,650 |  |  | $ | 6,004 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,217 |

|  |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial, Financial & Agricultural |  | Construction |  | Residential Mortgage |  | Home Equity |  | Commercial Mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Beginning balance | $ | 7,594 |  |  | $ | 1,835 |  |  | $ | 14,328 |  |  | $ | 3,317 |  |  | $ | 16,801 |  |  | $ | 6,126 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,001 |
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | 1,227 |  |  | (1,749 | ) |  | (291 | ) |  | 383 |  |  | (3,383 | ) |  | 4,075 |  |  | — |  |  | 262 |
| 8,821 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 14,037 |  |  | 3,700 |  |  | 13,418 |  |  | 10,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,263 |
Charge-offs | 1,971 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,424 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,395 |
Recoveries | 1,017 |  |  | 1,205 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 1,568 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,958 |
Net charge-offs (recoveries) | 954 |  |  | (1,205 | ) |  | (98 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | 3,856 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,437 |
Ending balance | $ | 7,867 |  |  | $ | 1,291 |  |  | $ | 14,135 |  |  | $ | 3,718 |  |  | $ | 13,470 |  |  | $ | 6,345 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,826 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Beginning balance | $ | 8,637 |  |  | $ | 4,224 |  |  | $ | 15,055 |  |  | $ | 3,502 |  |  | $ | 19,104 |  |  | $ | 6,109 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56,631 |
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | (403 | ) |  | (1,296 | ) |  | (2,280 | ) |  | (295 | ) |  | (1,600 | ) |  | 3,386 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,488 | )
| 8,234 |  |  | 2,928 |  |  | 12,775 |  |  | 3,207 |  |  | 17,504 |  |  | 9,495 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,143 |
Charge-offs | 1,266 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,676 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,942 |
Recoveries | 676 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 857 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 1,185 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,016 |
Net charge-offs (recoveries) | 590 |  |  | (117 | ) |  | (857 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (146 | ) |  | 3,491 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,926 |
Ending balance | $ | 7,644 |  |  | $ | 3,045 |  |  | $ | 13,632 |  |  | $ | 3,242 |  |  | $ | 17,650 |  |  | $ | 6,004 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,217 |

Loans held for sale and other real estate assets are not included in our assessment of the Allowance.
Our Provision was a credit of $0.1 million and a debit of $0.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to a credit of $0.1 million and a credit of $2.5 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
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6. INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
The components of the Company's investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries were as follows:

(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Investments in low income housing tax credit partnerships | $ | 12,267 |  |  | $ | 3,608 |
Trust preferred investments | 2,792 |  |  | 2,792 |
Investments in affiliates | 170 |  |  | 634 |
Other | 54 |  |  | 54 |
Total | $ | 15,283 |  |  | $ | 7,088 |

The Company had $9.5 million in unfunded low income housing commitments as of September 30, 2018 compared to $2.6 million at December 31, 2017. The Company expects to fund $1.9 million in 2018, $4.0 million in 2019, and $3.6 million in 2020.
Investments in low income housing tax credit ("LIHTC") partnerships are accounted for using the cost method. The following table presents amortization and tax credits recognized associated with our investments in LIHTC partnerships for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017:

(dollars in thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Cost method: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization expense recognized in other operating expense | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  | $ | 630 |
Tax credits recognized in income tax expense | 152 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 744 |

7. CORE DEPOSIT PREMIUM AND MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
The following table presents changes in core deposit premium and mortgage servicing rights for the periods presented:

(dollars in thousands) | Core Deposit Premium |  | Mortgage Servicing Rights |  | Total
Balance, January 1, 2017 | $ | 4,680 |  |  | $ | 15,779 |  |  | $ | 20,459 |
Additions | — |  |  | 1,857 |  |  | 1,857 |
Amortization | (2,006 | ) |  | (1,543 | ) |  | (3,549 | )
Balance, September 30, 2017 | $ | 2,674 |  |  | $ | 16,093 |  |  | $ | 18,767 |
Balance, January 1, 2018 | $ | 2,006 |  |  | $ | 15,843 |  |  | $ | 17,849 |
Additions | — |  |  | 1,204 |  |  | 1,204 |
Amortization | (2,006 | ) |  | (1,413 | ) |  | (3,419 | )
Balance, September 30, 2018 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,634 |  |  | $ | 15,634 |

Income generated as the result of new mortgage servicing rights is reported as gains on sales of loans and totaled $0.4 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $0.6 million and $1.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights was $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $0.5 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
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The following table presents the fair market value and key assumptions used in determining the fair market value of our mortgage servicing rights:

| Nine Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Fair market value, beginning of period | $ | 17,161 |  |  | $ | 18,087 |
Fair market value, end of period | 18,315 |  |  | 16,777 |
Weighted average discount rate | 9.5 | % |  | 9.5 | %
Forecasted constant prepayment rate assumption | 14.0 |  |  | 16.5 |

The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization related to our core deposit premium and mortgage servicing rights are presented below:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands) | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value
Core deposit premium | $ | 44,642 |  |  | $ | (44,642 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,642 |  |  | $ | (42,636 | ) |  | $ | 2,006 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 65,605 |  |  | (49,971 | ) |  | 15,634 |  |  | 64,401 |  |  | (48,558 | ) |  | 15,843 |
Total | $ | 110,247 |  |  | $ | (94,613 | ) |  | $ | 15,634 |  |  | $ | 109,043 |  |  | $ | (91,194 | ) |  | $ | 17,849 |

Based on the mortgage servicing rights held as of September 30, 2018, estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal year 2018, the next five succeeding fiscal years and all years thereafter are as follows:

(dollars in thousands) |
2018 (remainder) | $ | 450 |
2019 | 1,566 |
2020 | 1,292 |
2021 | 1,087 |
2022 | 919 |
2023 | 789 |
Thereafter | 9,531 |
| $ | 15,634 |

We perform an impairment assessment of our mortgage servicing rights whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable.
8. DERIVATIVES
We utilize various designated and undesignated derivative financial instruments to reduce our exposure to movements in interest rates including interest rate swaps, interest rate lock commitments and forward sale commitments. We measure all derivatives at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. In each reporting period, we record the derivative instruments in other assets or other liabilities depending on whether the derivatives are in an asset or liability position. For derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedging instruments, we record the effective portion of the changes in the fair value of the derivative in AOCI, net of tax, until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows of the hedged transaction. We immediately recognize the portion of the gain or loss in the fair value of the derivative that represents hedge ineffectiveness in current period earnings. For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value of the derivative are included in current period earnings. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we were not party to any derivatives designated as part of a fair value or cash flow hedge.
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Interest Rate Lock and Forward Sale Commitments
We enter into interest rate lock commitments on certain mortgage loans that are intended to be sold. To manage interest rate risk on interest rate lock commitments, we also enter into forward loan sale commitments. The interest rate locks and forward loan sale commitments are accounted for as undesignated derivatives and are recorded at their respective fair values in other assets or other liabilities, with changes in fair value recorded in current period earnings. These instruments serve to reduce our exposure to movements in interest rates. At September 30, 2018, we were a party to interest rate lock and forward sale commitments on $15.5 million and $19.9 million of mortgage loans, respectively.
The following table presents the location of all assets and liabilities associated with our derivative instruments within the consolidated balance sheets:

Derivatives Financial Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
| Fair Value at |  | Fair Value at
(dollars in thousands) |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Interest rate lock and forward sale commitments |  | Other assets / other liabilities |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 49 |

The following table presents the impact of derivative instruments and their location within the consolidated statements of income:

Derivatives Financial Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings on Derivatives |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings on Derivatives
(dollars in thousands) |  |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock and forward sale commitments |  | Mortgage banking income |  | $ | 91 |
Loans held for sale |  | Other income |  | (6 | )
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock and forward sale commitments |  | Mortgage banking income |  | (21 | )
Loans held for sale |  | Other income |  | (3 | )
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock and forward sale commitments |  | Mortgage banking income |  | 76 |
Loans held for sale |  | Other income |  | (6 | )
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock and forward sale commitments |  | Mortgage banking income |  | (148 | )
Loans held for sale |  | Other income |  | — |

9. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings
The bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (the "FHLB") and maintained a $1.67 billion line of credit as of September 30, 2018, compared to $1.50 billion at December 31, 2017. At September 30, 2018, $1.56 billion was undrawn under this arrangement, compared to $1.47 billion at December 31, 2017. Short-term borrowings under this arrangement totaled $105.0 million at September 30, 2018, compared to $32.0 million at December 31, 2017. There were no long-term borrowings under this arrangement at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. FHLB advances available at September 30, 2018 were secured by certain real estate loans with a carrying value of $2.26 billion in accordance with the collateral provisions of the Advances, Security and Deposit Agreement with the FHLB.
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At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our bank had additional unused borrowings available at the Federal Reserve discount window of $76.5 million and $73.0 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, certain commercial and commercial real estate loans with a carrying value totaling $124.6 million and $129.2 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral on our line of credit with the Federal Reserve discount window. The Federal Reserve does not have the right to sell or repledge these loans.
Subordinated Debentures
In October 2003, we created two wholly-owned statutory trusts, CPB Capital Trust II ("Trust II") and CPB Statutory Trust III ("Trust III"). Trust II issued $20.0 million in trust preferred securities bearing an interest rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.85% and maturing on October 7, 2033. The principal assets of Trust II are $20.6 million of the Company's subordinated debentures with an identical interest rate and maturity as the Trust II trust preferred securities. Trust II issued $0.6 million of common securities to the Company.
Trust III issued $20.0 million in trust preferred securities bearing an interest rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.85% and maturing on December 17, 2033. The principal assets of Trust III are $20.6 million of the Company's subordinated debentures with an identical interest rate and maturity as the Trust III trust preferred securities. Trust III issued $0.6 million of common securities to the Company.
In September 2004, we created a wholly-owned statutory trust, CPB Capital Trust IV ("Trust IV"). Trust IV issued $30.0 million in trust preferred securities bearing an interest rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.45% and maturing on December 15, 2034. The principal assets of Trust IV are $30.9 million of the Company's subordinated debentures with an identical interest rate and maturity as the Trust IV trust preferred securities. Trust IV issued $0.9 million of common securities to the Company.
In December 2004, we created a wholly-owned statutory trust, CPB Statutory Trust V ("Trust V"). Trust V issued $20.0 million in trust preferred securities bearing an interest rate of three-month LIBOR plus 1.87% and maturing on December 15, 2034. The principal assets of Trust V are $20.6 million of the Company's subordinated debentures with an identical interest rate and maturity as the Trust V trust preferred securities. Trust V issued $0.6 million of common securities to the Company.
The trust preferred securities, the subordinated debentures that are the assets of Trusts II, III, IV and V and the common securities issued by Trusts II, III, IV and V are redeemable in whole or in part on any interest payment date on or after October 7, 2008 for Trusts II and III, and on or after December 15, 2009 for Trust IV and V, or at any time in whole but not in part within 90 days following the occurrence of certain events. Our obligations with respect to the issuance of the trust preferred securities constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of each trust's obligations with respect to its trust preferred securities. Subject to certain exceptions and limitations, we may elect from time to time to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures, which would result in a deferral of distribution payments on the related trust preferred securities, for up to 20 consecutive quarterly periods without default or penalty.
The subordinated debentures may be included in Tier 1 capital, with certain limitations applicable, under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations.
10. EQUITY
As a Hawaii state-chartered bank, Central Pacific Bank may only pay dividends to the extent it has retained earnings as defined under Hawaii banking law ("Statutory Retained Earnings"), which differs from GAAP retained earnings. As of September 30, 2018, the bank had Statutory Retained Earnings of $87.5 million.
Dividends are payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors and there can be no assurance that the Board of Directors will continue to pay dividends at the same rate, or at all, in the future. Our ability to pay cash dividends to our shareholders is subject to restrictions under federal and Hawaii law, including restrictions imposed by the FRB and covenants set forth in various agreements we are a party to, including covenants set forth in our subordinated debentures.
In January 2016, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30.0 million of the Company's common stock from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a newly authorized share repurchase program (the "2016 Repurchase Plan"), which superseded in its entirety the repurchase plan that was previously approved by the Board of Directors.
In January 2017, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30.0 million of the Company's common stock from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a newly authorized share repurchase program (the "2017 Repurchase Plan"). The 2017 Repurchase Plan replaced and superseded in its entirety the 2016 Repurchase Plan. In January 2017, prior to the 2017 Repurchase Plan being approved, 1,750 shares of common stock, at a cost of $0.1 million, were repurchased under the 2016 Repurchase Plan.
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In November 2017, the Board of Directors authorized an increase in the share repurchase program authority by an additional $50.0 million (known henceforth as the "Repurchase Plan"). This amount is in addition to the $30.0 million in planned repurchases authorized in January 2017. There is no expiration date on the Repurchase Plan.
In the year ended December 31, 2017, 864,483 shares of common stock, at a cost of $26.6 million, were repurchased under the 2016 Repurchase Plan and the Repurchase Plan combined.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a total of 849,290 shares of common stock, at a cost of $24.8 million, were repurchased under the Repurchase Plan. A total of $28.7 million remained available for repurchase under the Repurchase Plan as of September 30, 2018.
11. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Revenue Recognition
Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity's contracts to provide goods or services to its customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company recognizes revenues as they are earned based on contractual terms, as transactions occur, or as services are provided and collectability is reasonably assured. Our principal source of revenue is derived from interest income on financial instruments, such as our loan and investment securities portfolios, as well as revenue related to our mortgage banking activities. These revenue-generating transactions are out of scope of ASC 606, but are subject to other GAAP and discussed elsewhere within our disclosures.
We also generate other revenue in connection with our broad range of banking products and financial services. Descriptions of our other revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC 606, which are presented in our consolidated statements of income as components of other operating income are as follows:
Service charges on deposit accounts
Revenue from service charges on deposit accounts includes general service fees for monthly account maintenance and activity- or transaction-based fees and consist of transaction-based revenue, time-based revenue (service period), item-based revenue or some other individual attribute-based revenue. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligation is completed which is generally monthly for account maintenance services or when a transaction has been completed (such as stop payment fees). Payment for such performance obligations are generally received at the time the performance obligations are satisfied.
Other Service Charges and Fees
Revenue from other service charges and fees includes cards and payments income, safe deposit rental income and other service charges, commissions and fees.
Cards and payments income includes interchange fees from debit cards processed through card association networks, merchant services, and other card related services. Interchange rates are generally set by the credit card associations and based on purchase volumes and other factors. Interchange fees are recognized as transactions occur. Interchange expenses related to cards and payments income are presented gross in other operating expense. Merchant services income represents account management fees and transaction fees charged to merchants for the processing of card association network transactions. Merchant services revenue is recognized as transactions occur, or as services are performed.
Other service charges, commissions and fees include automated teller machines ("ATM") surcharge and interchange fees, bill payment fees, cashier’s check and money order fees, wire transfer fees, loan brokerage fees, and commissions on sales of insurance, broker-dealer products, letters of credit, and travelers’ checks. Revenue from these fees and commissions is recorded in a manner that reflects the timing of when transactions occur, and as services are provided.
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Based on the nature of the commission agreement with the broker-dealer and each insurance provider, we may recognize revenue from broker-dealer and insurance commissions over time or at a point-in-time as our performance obligation is satisfied.
Income from Fiduciary Activities
Income from fiduciary activities includes fees from wealth management, trust, custodial and escrow services provided to individual and institutional customers. Revenue is generally recognized monthly based on a minimum annual fee and/or the market value of assets in custody. Additional fees are recognized for transactional activity.
Revenue from trade execution and brokerage services is earned through commissions from trade execution on behalf of clients. Revenue from these transactions is recognized at the trade date. Any ongoing service fees are recognized on a monthly basis as services are performed.
Fees on Foreign Exchange
The Company provides foreign currency exchange services to customers, whereby cash can be converted to different foreign currencies, and vice versa. As a result of the services, a gain or loss is recognized on foreign currency transactions, as well as income related to commissions and fees earned on each transaction.
Revenue from the commissions and fees earned on the transactions fall within the scope of ASC 606, and is recorded in a manner that reflects the timing of when transactions occur, and as services are provided. Realized and unrealized gains or losses related to foreign currency are out of scope of ASC 606.
Loan Placement Fees
Loan placement fees primarily represent revenues earned by the Company for loan placement and underwriting. Revenues for these services are recorded at a point-in-time, upon completion of a contractually identified transaction, or when an advisory opinion is provided.
Gain on Sales of Foreclosed Assets
The Company records a gain or loss on the sale of a foreclosed property when control of the property transfers to the Company, which typically occurs at the time the deed is executed. The Company does not finance the sale of the foreclosed property.
The following presents the Company's other operating income, segregated by revenue streams that are in-scope and out-of-scope of ASC 606 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In-scope of ASC 606 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 2,189 |  |  | $ | 2,182 |  |  | $ | 6,169 |  |  | $ | 6,338 |
Other service charges and fees | 2,778 |  |  | 2,766 |  |  | 8,169 |  |  | 7,490 |
Income on fiduciary activities | 1,159 |  |  | 911 |  |  | 3,132 |  |  | 2,739 |
Fees on foreign exchange | 26 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 112 |
Loan placement fees | 115 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 366 |
Net gain on sales of foreclosed assets | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 205 |
In-scope other operating income | 6,267 |  |  | 5,993 |  |  | 18,088 |  |  | 17,250 |
Out-of-scope other operating income | 4,553 |  |  | 3,576 |  |  | 11,316 |  |  | 10,203 |
Total other operating income | $ | 10,820 |  |  | $ | 9,569 |  |  | $ | 29,404 |  |  | $ | 27,453 |

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12. MORTGAGE BANKING INCOME
Noninterest income from the Company's mortgage banking activities include the following components for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Mortgage banking income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan servicing fees | $ | 1,269 |  |  | $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 3,869 |  |  | $ | 4,021 |
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights | (519 | ) |  | (476 | ) |  | (1,413 | ) |  | (1,543 | )
Gain on sale of residential mortgage loans | 1,082 |  |  | 705 |  |  | 3,013 |  |  | 3,101 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate locks | 91 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | 76 |  |  | (148 | )
Total mortgage banking income | $ | 1,923 |  |  | $ | 1,531 |  |  | $ | 5,545 |  |  | $ | 5,431 |

13. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Restricted Stock Awards and Units
The table below presents the activity of restricted stock awards and units for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

| Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested restricted stock awards and units, beginning of period | 397,551 |  |  | $ | 25.49 |
Changes during the period: |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 116,152 |  |  | 29.51 |
Vested | (123,629 | ) |  | 24.40 |
Forfeited | (20,294 | ) |  | 27.47 |
Non-vested restricted stock awards and units, end of period | 369,780 |  |  | 27.01 |

14. PENSION AND SUPPLEMENTAL EXECUTIVE RETIREMENT PLANS
Central Pacific Bank has a defined benefit retirement plan (the "Pension Plan") which covers certain eligible employees. The plan was curtailed effective December 31, 2002, and accordingly, plan benefits were fixed as of that date. The following table sets forth the components of net periodic benefit cost for the Pension Plan for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Interest cost | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | 597 |  |  | $ | 694 |
Expected return on plan assets | (302 | ) |  | (264 | ) |  | (906 | ) |  | (792 | )
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 245 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 735 |  |  | 894 |
Net periodic cost | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 266 |  |  | $ | 426 |  |  | $ | 796 |

30

Our bank also established Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans ("SERPs"), which provide certain (current and former) officers of our bank with supplemental retirement benefits. We have not entered into a SERP since December 31, 2008.
In the second quarter of 2017, the Company settled a portion of the SERP obligation of a former executive. As a result of the settlement, the Company remeasured the related SERP obligation and net periodic benefit cost and recognized a pro-rata net actuarial loss of $0.1 million in SERP expense and other comprehensive income.
The following table sets forth the components of net periodic benefit cost for the SERPs for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Interest cost | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 322 |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 44 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 77 |
Amortization of net transition obligation | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 13 |
Amortization of prior service cost | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Settlement | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |
Net periodic cost | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 449 |  |  | $ | 563 |

All components of net periodic benefit cost are included in salaries and employee benefits in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
15. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following tables present the components of other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, by component:

(dollars in thousands) | Before Tax |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized losses on investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized losses arising during the perio d | $ | (8,297 | ) |  | $ | (2,225 | ) |  | $ | (6,072 | )
Less: Reclassification adjustments from AOCI realized in net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net unrealized losses on investment securitie s | (8,297 | ) |  | (2,225 | ) |  | (6,072 | )
Defined benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 289 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 211 |
Amortization of net transition obligation | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Amortization of prior service cost | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |
Defined benefit plans, net | 298 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 217 |
Other comprehensive loss | $ | (7,999 | ) |  | $ | (2,144 | ) |  | $ | (5,855 | )

31

(dollars in thousands) | Before Tax |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized losses on investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized losses arising during the period | $ | (487 | ) |  | $ | (194 | ) |  | $ | (293 | )
Less: Reclassification adjustments from AOCI realized in net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net unrealized losses on investment securities | (487 | ) |  | (194 | ) |  | (293 | )
Defined benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 324 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 280 |
Amortization of net transition obligation | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Amortization of prior service cost | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Settlement | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Defined benefit plans, net | 333 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 285 |
Other comprehensive loss | $ | (154 | ) |  | $ | (146 | ) |  | $ | (8 | )

(dollars in thousands) | Before Tax |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized losses on investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized losses arising during the period | $ | (33,809 | ) |  | $ | (9,097 | ) |  | $ | (24,712 | )
Less: Reclassification adjustments from AOCI realized in net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net unrealized losses on investment securitie s | (33,809 | ) |  | (9,097 | ) |  | (24,712 | )
Defined benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 865 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 603 |
Amortization of net transition obligation | 14 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |
Amortization of prior service cost | 13 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 10 |
Defined benefit plans, net | 892 |  |  | 269 |  |  | 623 |
Other comprehensive loss | $ | (32,917 | ) |  | $ | (8,828 | ) |  | $ | (24,089 | )

(dollars in thousands) | Before Tax |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gains on investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gains arising during the period | $ | 6,042 |  |  | $ | 2,403 |  |  | $ | 3,639 |
Less: Reclassification adjustments from AOCI realized in net income | 1,640 |  |  | 653 |  |  | 987 |
Net unrealized gains on investment securities | 7,682 |  |  | 3,056 |  |  | 4,626 |
Defined benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial losses arising during the period | (1,042 | ) |  | (415 | ) |  | (627 | )
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 971 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 640 |
Amortization of net transition obligation | 13 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |
Amortization of prior service cost | 13 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |
Settlement | 138 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 82 |
Defined benefit plans, net | 93 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 111 |
Other comprehensive inco me | $ | 7,775 |  |  | $ | 3,038 |  |  | $ | 4,737 |

32

The following tables present the changes in each component of AOCI, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

(dollars in thousands) | Investment Securities |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | AOCI
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (14,161 | ) |  | $ | (7,087 | ) |  | $ | (21,248 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassi fications | (6,072 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,072 | )
Reclassification adjustments from AOCI | — |  |  | 217 |  |  | 217 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (6,072 | ) |  | 217 |  |  | (5,855 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | (20,233 | ) |  | $ | (6,870 | ) |  | $ | (27,103 | )

(dollars in thousands) | Investment Securities |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | AOCI
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 9,648 |  |  | $ | (6,424 | ) |  | $ | 3,224 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | (293 | ) |  | — |  |  | (293 | )
Reclassification adjustments from AOCI | — |  |  | 285 |  |  | 285 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (293 | ) |  | 285 |  |  | (8 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 9,355 |  |  | $ | (6,139 | ) |  | $ | 3,216 |

(dollars in thousands) | Investment Securities |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | AOCI
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 5,073 |  |  | $ | (6,112 | ) |  | $ | (1,039 | )
Impact of the adoption of new accounting standards | (139 | ) |  | — |  |  | (139 | )
Adjusted balance at beginning of period | 4,934 |  |  | (6,112 | ) |  | (1,178 | )
Impact of the adoption of new accounting standards | (455 | ) |  | (1,381 | ) |  | (1,836 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassi fications | (24,712 | ) |  | — |  |  | (24,712 | )
Reclassification adjustments from AOCI | — |  |  | 623 |  |  | 623 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (24,712 | ) |  | 623 |  |  | (24,089 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | (20,233 | ) |  | $ | (6,870 | ) |  | $ | (27,103 | )

33

(dollars in thousands) | Investment Securities |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | AOCI
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 4,729 |  |  | $ | (6,250 | ) |  | $ | (1,521 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifi cations | 3,639 |  |  | (627 | ) |  | 3,012 |
Reclassification adjustments from AOCI | 987 |  |  | 738 |  |  | 1,725 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 4,626 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 4,737 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 9,355 |  |  | $ | (6,139 | ) |  | $ | 3,216 |

The following table presents the amounts reclassified out of each component of AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

| Amount Reclassified from AOCI |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
Details about AOCI Components | Three months ended September 30, |
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Sale of investment securities available-for-sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Investment securities gains (losses)
| — |  |  | — |  |  | Income tax benefit (expense)
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Net of tax
Amortization of defined benefit retirement and supplemental executive retirement plan items |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss | $ | (289 | ) |  | $ | (324 | ) |  | (1)
Net transition obligation | (5 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (1)
Prior service cost | (4 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (1)
Settlement | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1)
| (298 | ) |  | (333 | ) |  | Total before tax
| 81 |  |  | 48 |  |  | Income tax benefit (expense)
| $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | (285 | ) |  | Net of tax
Total reclassification adjustments from AOCI for the period | $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | (285 | ) |  | Net of tax

34

| Amount Reclassified from AOCI |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
Details about AOCI Components | Nine months ended September 30, |
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Sale of investment securities available-for-sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,640 | ) |  | Investment securities gains (losses)
| — |  |  | 653 |  |  | Income tax benefit (expense)
| $ | — |  |  | $ | (987 | ) |  | Net of tax
Amortization of defined benefit retirement and supplemental executive retirement plan items |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss | $ | (865 | ) |  | $ | (971 | ) |  | (1)
Net transition obligation | (14 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (1)
Prior service cost | (13 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (1)
Settlement | — |  |  | (138 | ) |  | (1)
| (892 | ) |  | (1,135 | ) |  | Total before tax
| 269 |  |  | 397 |  |  | Income tax benefit (expense)
| $ | (623 | ) |  | $ | (738 | ) |  | Net of tax
Total reclassification adjustments from AOCI for the period | $ | (623 | ) |  | $ | (1,725 | ) |  | Net of tax

(1) | These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see Note 14 - Pension and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans for additional details).

16. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table presents the information used to compute basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income | $ | 15,193 |  |  | $ | 11,812 |  |  | $ | 43,694 |  |  | $ | 36,916 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic | 29,297,465 |  |  | 30,300,195 |  |  | 29,536,536 |  |  | 30,526,260 |
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and awards | 182,347 |  |  | 214,264 |  |  | 206,702 |  |  | 232,729 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted | 29,479,812 |  |  | 30,514,459 |  |  | 29,743,238 |  |  | 30,758,989 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 1.48 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.20 |
Anti-dilutive employee stock options and awards outstanding | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |

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17. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value estimates, methods and assumptions are set forth below for our financial instruments.
Short-Term Financial Instruments
The carrying values of short-term financial instruments are deemed to approximate fair values. Such instruments are considered readily convertible to cash and include cash and due from financial institutions, interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions, accrued interest receivable, the majority of Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other short-term borrowings, and accrued interest payable.
Investment Securities
The fair value of investment securities is based on market price quotations received from third-party pricing services. The third-party pricing services utilize pricing models supported with timely market data information. Where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable securities.
Loans
Fair values of loans are estimated based on discounted cash flows of portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics including the type of loan, interest terms and repayment history. Fair values are calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through estimated maturities using estimated market discount rates. Estimated market discount rates are reflective of credit and interest rate risks inherent in the Company's various loan types and are derived from available market information, as well as specific borrower information. In accordance with ASU 2016-01, the fair value of loans as of September 30, 2018 are based on the notion of exit price. The fair value of loans as of December 31, 2017 was measured based on the notion of entry price.
Loans Held for Sale
The fair value of loans classified as held for sale are generally based upon quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, acceptance of firm offer letters with agreed upon purchase prices, discounted cash flow models that take into account market observable assumptions, or independent appraisals of the underlying collateral securing the loans. We report the fair values of Hawaii and U.S. Mainland construction and commercial real estate loans, if any, net of applicable selling costs on our consolidated balance sheets.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
The initial fair value of mortgage servicing rights is calculated by a discounted cash flow model prepared by a third-party service provider based on market value assumptions at the time of origination. We assess the servicing right for impairment using current market value assumptions at each reporting period. Critical assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model include mortgage prepayment speeds, discount rates, costs to service, and ancillary income. Variations in our assumptions could materially affect the estimated fair values. Changes to our assumptions are made when current trends and market data indicate that new trends have developed. Current market value assumptions based on loan product types (fixed rate, adjustable rate and balloon loans) include average discount rates and prepayment speeds. Many of these assumptions are subjective and require a high level of management judgment. Our mortgage servicing rights portfolio and valuation assumptions are periodically reviewed by management.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
It is not practical to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to the restrictions placed on its transferability.
Deposit Liabilities
The fair values of deposits with no stated maturity, such as noninterest-bearing demand deposits and interest-bearing demand and savings accounts, are equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of time deposits is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.
36

Long-Term Debt
The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated by discounting scheduled cash flows over the contractual borrowing period at the estimated market rate for similar borrowing arrangements.
Derivatives
The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based upon current market values, if available. If there are no relevant comparables, fair values are based on pricing models using current assumptions for interest rate swaps and options.
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
The fair values of off-balance sheet financial instruments are estimated based on the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties, current settlement values or quoted market prices of comparable instruments.
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. For example, significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include deferred tax assets, premises and equipment and intangible assets.

|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 82,668 |  |  | $ | 82,668 |  |  | $ | 82,668 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 7,051 |  |  | 7,051 |  |  | 7,051 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment securities | 1,386,739 |  |  | 1,380,353 |  |  | 885 |  |  | 1,368,324 |  |  | 11,144 |
Loans held for sale | 4,460 |  |  | 4,460 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,460 |  |  | — |
Net loans and leases | 3,931,201 |  |  | 3,804,844 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,170 |  |  | 3,785,674 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 15,634 |  |  | 18,315 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,315 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 10,965 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand | 1,403,534 |  |  | 1,403,534 |  |  | 1,403,534 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest-bearing demand and savings and money market | 2,438,595 |  |  | 2,438,595 |  |  | 2,438,595 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Time | 1,161,551 |  |  | 1,152,739 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,152,739 |
Short-term borrowings | 105,000 |  |  | 105,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,000 |  |  | — |
Long-term debt | 92,785 |  |  | 88,344 |  |  | — |  |  | 88,344 |  |  | — |

37

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using
(dollars in thousands) | Notional Amount |  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock commitments | $ | 15,463 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | — |
Forward sale commitments | 19,861 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |
Off-balance sheet financial instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit | 1,066,761 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,272 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,272 |  |  | — |
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written | 13,465 |  |  | — |  |  | 202 |  |  | — |  |  | 202 |  |  | — |

|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 75,318 |  |  | $ | 75,318 |  |  | $ | 75,318 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 6,975 |  |  | 6,975 |  |  | 6,975 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment securities | 1,496,644 |  |  | 1,494,092 |  |  | 825 |  |  | 1,481,473 |  |  | 11,794 |
Loans held for sale | 16,336 |  |  | 16,336 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,336 |  |  | — |
Net loans and leases | 3,720,614 |  |  | 3,684,834 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,280 |  |  | 3,663,554 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 15,843 |  |  | 17,161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,161 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 7,761 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand | 1,395,556 |  |  | 1,395,556 |  |  | 1,395,556 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest-bearing demand and savings and money market | 2,414,930 |  |  | 2,414,930 |  |  | 2,414,930 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Time | 1,145,868 |  |  | 1,140,064 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,140,064 |
Short-term borrowings | 32,000 |  |  | 32,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,000 |  |  | — |
Long-term debt | 92,785 |  |  | 70,139 |  |  | — |  |  | 70,139 |  |  | — |

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Using
(dollars in thousands) | Notional Amount |  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock commitments | $ | 2,494 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |
Forward sale commitments | 18,748 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | — |  |  | (26 | ) |  | — |
Off-balance sheet financial instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit | 917,405 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,140 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,140 |  |  | — |
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written | 13,551 |  |  | — |  |  | 203 |  |  | — |  |  | 203 |  |  | — |

38

Fair Value Measurements
We group our financial assets and liabilities at fair value into three levels based on the markets in which the financial assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value as follows:

• | Level 1 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and shall be used to measure fair value whenever available.

• | Level 2 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

• | Level 3 — Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques that requires the use of significant judgment or estimation.

We base our fair values on the price that we would expect to receive if an asset were sold or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We also maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements.
We use fair value measurements to record adjustments to certain financial assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Available-for-sale and equity securities and derivatives are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. From time to time, we may be required to record other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis such as loans held for sale, impaired loans, mortgage servicing rights, and other real estate owned. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of the lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
The Company's policy is to recognize transfers into or out of a level as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers of financial assets and liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Also, there were no transfers of financial assets and liabilities into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
39

The following tables present the fair value of assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  |  | Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions | $ | 173,552 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 162,408 |  |  | $ | 11,144 |
Corporate securities | 65,133 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,133 |  |  | — |
U.S. Treasury obligations and direct obligations of U.S Government agencies | 33,919 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,919 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government sponsored entities | 734,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 734,357 |  |  | — |
Commercial - U.S. Government agencies and sponsored entities | 51,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,205 |  |  | — |
Residential - Non-government agencies | 41,370 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,370 |  |  | — |
Commercial - Non-government agencies | 133,466 |  |  | — |  |  | 133,466 |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale securities | 1,233,002 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,221,858 |  |  | 11,144 |
Equity securities | 885 |  |  | 885 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivatives - Interest rate lock and forward sale commitments | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,233,950 |  |  | $ | 885 |  |  | $ | 1,221,921 |  |  | $ | 11,144 |

|  |  | Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
States and political subdivisions | $ | 179,781 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 167,987 |  |  | $ | 11,794 |
Corporate securities | 74,278 |  |  | — |  |  | 74,278 |  |  | — |
U.S. Treasury obligations and direct obligations of U.S Government agencies | 25,510 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,510 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential - U.S. Government sponsored entities | 800,683 |  |  | — |  |  | 800,683 |  |  | — |
Commercial - U.S. Government agencies and sponsored entities | 39,725 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,725 |  |  | — |
Residential - Non-government agencies | 46,763 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,763 |  |  | — |
Commercial - Non-government agencies | 137,326 |  |  | — |  |  | 137,326 |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale securities | 1,304,066 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,292,272 |  |  | 11,794 |
Equity securities | 825 |  |  | 825 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivatives - Interest rate lock and forward sale commitments | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,304,877 |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 1,292,258 |  |  | $ | 11,794 |

40

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands) | Available for Sale Debt Securities: States and Political Subdivisions
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 11,794 |
Principal payments received | (280 | )
Unrealized net gain (loss) included in other comprehensive income | (370 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 11,144 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 12,196 |
Principal payments received | (268 | )
Unrealized net gain (loss) included in other comprehensive income | 170 |
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 12,098 |

Within the states and political subdivisions available-for-sale debt securities category, the Company holds four mortgage revenue bonds issued by the City & County of Honolulu with an aggregate fair value of $11.1 million and $12.1 million at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of its mortgage revenue bonds by using a discounted cash flow model to calculate the present value of estimated future principal and interest payments.
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Company's mortgage revenue bonds is the weighted average discount rate. As of September 30, 2018, the weighted average discount rate utilized was 5.28% compared to 4.50% at September 30, 2017 and 4.81% at December 31, 2017, which was derived by incorporating a credit spread over the FHLB Fixed-Rate Advance curve. Significant increases (decreases) in the weighted average discount rate could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
The following table presents the fair value of assets measured on a nonrecurring basis and the level of valuation assumptions used to determine the respective fair values as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans (1) | $ | 19,170 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,170 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage servicing rights | 18,315 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,315 |
Other real estate (2) | 414 |  |  | — |  |  | 414 |  |  | — |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans (1) | $ | 21,280 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,280 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage servicing rights | 17,161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,161 |
Other real estate (2) | 851 |  |  | — |  |  | 851 |  |  | — |

(1) | Represents carrying value and related write-downs of loans for which adjustments are based on agreed upon purchase prices for the loans or the appraised value of the collateral.

(2) | Represents other real estate that is carried at fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is generally based upon independent market prices or appraised values of the collateral.

41

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's mortgage servicing rights are the weighted average discount rate and the forecasted constant prepayment rate. As of September 30, 2018, the weighted average discount rate and the forecasted constant prepayment rate utilized were 9.5% and 14.0%, respectively, compared to 9.5% and 16.5%, respectively, as of September 30, 2017 and 9.5% and 16.0%, respectively, as of December 31, 2017. Significant increases (decreases) in the weighted average discount rate and/or the forecasted constant prepayment rate could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
18. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We have the following three reportable segments: Banking Operations, Treasury and All Others. These segments are consistent with our internal functional reporting lines and are managed separately because each unit has different target markets, technological requirements, and specialized skills.
The Banking Operations segment includes construction and real estate development lending, commercial lending, residential mortgage lending, indirect auto lending, trust services, retail brokerage services and our retail branch offices, which provide a full range of deposit and loan products, as well as various other banking services. The Treasury segment is responsible for managing the Company's investment securities portfolio and wholesale funding activities. The All Others segment consists of all activities not captured by the Banking Operations or Treasury segments described above and includes activities such as electronic banking, data processing and management of bank owned properties.
The accounting policies of the segments are consistent with the Company's accounting policies that are described in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by our Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC. The majority of the Company's net income is derived from net interest income. Accordingly, management focuses primarily on net interest income, rather than gross interest income and expense amounts, in evaluating segment profitability.
Intersegment net interest income (expense) was allocated to each segment based upon a funds transfer pricing process that assigns costs of funds to assets and earnings credits to liabilities based on market interest rates that reflect interest rate sensitivity and maturity characteristics. All administrative and overhead expenses are allocated to the segments at cost. Cash, investment securities, loans and leases and their related balances are allocated to the segment responsible for acquisition and maintenance of those assets. Segment assets also include all premises and equipment used directly in segment operations.
Segment profits and assets are provided in the following table for the periods indicated.
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(dollars in thousands) | Banking Operations |  | Treasury |  | All Others |  | Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 38,872 |  |  | $ | 4,453 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43,325 |
Inter-segment net interest income (expense) | 7,524 |  |  | (4,327 | ) |  | (3,197 | ) |  | — |
Credit (provision) for loan and lease losses | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |
Other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking income | 1,173 |  |  | — |  |  | 750 |  |  | 1,923 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 2,189 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,189 |
Other service charges and fees | 1,318 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,960 |  |  | 3,286 |
Income from fiduciary activities | 1,159 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,159 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | 71 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |
Fees on foreign exchange | 22 |  |  | 198 |  |  | — |  |  | 220 |
Income from bank-owned life insurance | — |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,055 |
Loan placement fees | 115 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 115 |
Other | 448 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 802 |
Other operating income | 6,495 |  |  | 1,319 |  |  | 3,006 |  |  | 10,820 |
Other operating expense | (16,265 | ) |  | (335 | ) |  | (17,539 | ) |  | (34,139 | )
Administrative and overhead expense allocation | (15,481 | ) |  | (206 | ) |  | 15,687 |  |  | — |
Income before taxes | 21,204 |  |  | 904 |  |  | (2,043 | ) |  | 20,065 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (5,128 | ) |  | (215 | ) |  | 471 |  |  | (4,872 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | 16,076 |  |  | $ | 689 |  |  | $ | (1,572 | ) |  | $ | 15,193 |

(dollars in thousands) | Banking Operations |  | Treasury |  | All Others |  | Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 35,191 |  |  | $ | 6,804 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41,995 |
Inter-segment net interest income (expense) | 8,530 |  |  | (6,299 | ) |  | (2,231 | ) |  | — |
Credit (provision) for loan and lease losses | 126 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 126 |
Other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking income | 684 |  |  | — |  |  | 847 |  |  | 1,531 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 2,182 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,182 |
Other service charges and fees | 1,303 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,882 |  |  | 3,185 |
Income from fiduciary activities | 911 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 911 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | 176 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 176 |
Fees on foreign exchange | 23 |  |  | 78 |  |  |  |  |  | 101 |
Income from bank-owned life insurance | — |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,074 |
Loan placement fees | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |
Net gain (loss) sale of foreclosed assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |
Other | 140 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 304 |
Other operating income | 5,505 |  |  | 1,159 |  |  | 2,905 |  |  | 9,569 |
Other operating expense | (15,242 | ) |  | (338 | ) |  | (17,931 | ) |  | (33,511 | )
Administrative and overhead expense allocation | (15,635 | ) |  | (311 | ) |  | 15,946 |  |  | — |
Income before taxes | 18,475 |  |  | 1,015 |  |  | (1,311 | ) |  | 18,179 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (6,470 | ) |  | (360 | ) |  | 463 |  |  | (6,367 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | 12,005 |  |  | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | (848 | ) |  | $ | 11,812 |

43

(dollars in thousands) | Banking Operations |  | Treasury |  | All Others |  | Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 112,295 |  |  | $ | 16,024 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 128,319 |
Inter-segment net interest income (expense) | 21,360 |  |  | (14,717 | ) |  | (6,643 | ) |  | — |
Credit (provision) for loan and lease losses | (262 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (262 | )
Other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking income | 3,089 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,456 |  |  | 5,545 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 6,169 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,169 |
Other service charges and fees | 3,748 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 5,927 |  |  | 9,697 |
Income from fiduciary activities | 3,132 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,132 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | 151 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |
Fees on foreign exchange | 75 |  |  | 633 |  |  | — |  |  | 708 |
Income from bank-owned life insurance | — |  |  | 1,874 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,874 |
Loan placement fees | 532 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 532 |
Other | 803 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 1,596 |
Other operating income | 17,699 |  |  | 2,589 |  |  | 9,116 |  |  | 29,404 |
Other operating expense | (47,967 | ) |  | (1,078 | ) |  | (52,336 | ) |  | (101,381 | )
Administrative and overhead expense allocation | (45,594 | ) |  | (652 | ) |  | 46,246 |  |  | — |
Income before taxes | 57,531 |  |  | 2,166 |  |  | (3,617 | ) |  | 56,080 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (12,707 | ) |  | (478 | ) |  | 799 |  |  | (12,386 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | 44,824 |  |  | $ | 1,688 |  |  | $ | (2,818 | ) |  | $ | 43,694 |

(dollars in thousands) | Banking Operations |  | Treasury |  | All Others |  | Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 103,839 |  |  | $ | 21,040 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 124,879 |
Inter-segment net interest income (expense) | 24,618 |  |  | (18,828 | ) |  | (5,790 | ) |  | — |
Credit (provision) for loan and lease losses | 2,488 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,488 |
Other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking income | 2,953 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,478 |  |  | 5,431 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 6,338 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,338 |
Other service charges and fees | 3,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,698 |  |  | 8,986 |
Income from fiduciary activities | 2,739 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,739 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | 388 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 388 |
Fees on foreign exchange | 65 |  |  | 329 |  |  | — |  |  | 394 |
Investments securities gains (losses) | — |  |  | (1,640 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,640 | )
Income from bank-owned life insurance | — |  |  | 2,774 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,774 |
Loan placement fees | 366 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 366 |
Net gain (loss) sale of foreclosed assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 205 |  |  | 205 |
Other | 936 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 512 |  |  | 1,472 |
Other operating income | 17,073 |  |  | 1,487 |  |  | 8,893 |  |  | 27,453 |
Other operating expense | (45,095 | ) |  | (1,048 | ) |  | (51,163 | ) |  | (97,306 | )
Administrative and overhead expense allocation | (44,360 | ) |  | (741 | ) |  | 45,101 |  |  | — |
Income before taxes | 58,563 |  |  | 1,910 |  |  | (2,959 | ) |  | 57,514 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (20,974 | ) |  | (684 | ) |  | 1,060 |  |  | (20,598 | )
Net income | $ | 37,589 |  |  | $ | 1,226 |  |  | $ | (1,899 | ) |  | $ | 36,916 |

44

(dollars in thousands) | Banking Operations |  | Treasury |  | All Others |  | Total
September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,386,739 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,386,739 |
Loans and leases (including loans held for sale) | 3,982,487 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,982,487 |
Other | 40,814 |  |  | 237,043 |  |  | 81,557 |  |  | 359,414 |
Total assets | $ | 4,023,301 |  |  | $ | 1,623,782 |  |  | $ | 81,557 |  |  | $ | 5,728,640 |

(dollars in thousands) | Banking Operations |  | Treasury |  | All Others |  | Total
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,496,644 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,496,644 |
Loans and leases (including loans held for sale) | 3,786,951 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,786,951 |
Other | 42,243 |  |  | 228,608 |  |  | 69,262 |  |  | 340,113 |
Total assets | $ | 3,829,194 |  |  | $ | 1,725,252 |  |  | $ | 69,262 |  |  | $ | 5,623,708 |

19. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Management, after consultation with our legal counsel, believes the ultimate disposition of those matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.
20. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On October 24, 2018, the Company submitted a redemption notice to the trustee and security holder to redeem, in whole, $20 million of floating rate trust preferred securities issued by Trust III. The trust preferred securities are being redeemed, along with $0.6 million in common securities issued by Trust III and held by the Company, as a result of the concurrent redemption of 100% of the Company's outstanding floating rate junior subordinated debentures due in December 2033 and held by Trust III, which underlie the trust preferred securities. The redemption is pursuant to the optional prepayment provisions of the indenture and is scheduled to occur on December 17, 2018.
The redemption price for the floating rate junior subordinated debentures will be equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued interest, if any, up to, but not including, the redemption date. The proceeds from the redemption of the floating rate junior subordinated debentures will be simultaneously applied to redeem all of the outstanding floating rate trust preferred securities at a price of 100% of the aggregate liquidation amount of the securities plus accumulated but unpaid distributions up to but not including the redemption date.
The Company has received all necessary regulatory approvals for the redemption. The redemption will be funded with excess cash currently available to the Company.
45

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Central Pacific Financial Corp. ("CPF") is a Hawaii corporation and a bank holding company. Our principal business is to serve as a holding company for our bank subsidiary, Central Pacific Bank. We refer to Central Pacific Bank herein as "our bank" or "the bank," and when we say "the Company," "we," "us" or "our," we mean the holding company on a consolidated basis with the bank and our other consolidated subsidiaries.
Central Pacific Bank is a full-service community bank with 35 branches and 78 ATMs located throughout the state of Hawaii. The bank offers a broad range of products and services including accepting time, savings, money market, and demand deposits and originating loans, including commercial loans, construction loans, commercial and residential mortgage loans, and consumer loans.
Basis of Presentation
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements under "Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)." The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by our Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 28, 2018 and March 5, 2018, respectively.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires that management make certain judgments and use certain estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported and disclosures made. Accounting estimates are deemed critical when a different estimate could have reasonably been used or where changes in the estimate are reasonably likely to occur from period to period and would materially impact our consolidated financial statements as of or for the periods presented. Management has discussed the development and selection of the critical accounting estimates noted below with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee has reviewed the accompanying disclosures.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The allowance for loan and lease losses (the "Allowance") is management's estimate of incurred credit losses inherent in our loan and lease portfolio at the balance sheet date. In determining the amount of our Allowance, we rely on an analysis of our loan portfolio, our experience and our evaluation of general economic conditions, as well as regulatory requirements. We maintain our Allowance at an amount we expect to be sufficient to absorb probable losses incurred in our loan and lease portfolio. At September 30, 2018, we had an Allowance of $46.8 million, compared to $50.0 million at December 31, 2017.
The Company's approach to developing the Allowance has three basic elements. These elements include specific reserves for individually impaired loans, a general allowance for loans other than those analyzed as individually impaired, and qualitative adjustments based on environmental and other factors which may be internal or external to the Company.
Specific Reserve
Individually impaired loans in all loan categories are evaluated using one of three valuation methods as prescribed under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 310-10, "Fair Value of Collateral, Observable Market Price, or Cash Flow". A loan is generally evaluated for impairment on an individual basis if it meets one or more of the following characteristics: risk-rated as substandard, doubtful or loss, loans on nonaccrual status, troubled debt restructures, or any loan deemed prudent by management to so analyze. If the valuation of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the deficiency will be charged off against the Allowance or, alternatively, a specific reserve will be established and included in the overall Allowance balance. The Company recorded a specific reserve of $0.1 million as of September 30, 2018 and did not record a specific reserve as of December 31, 2017.
General Allowance
In determining the general allowance component of the Allowance, the Company utilizes a comprehensive approach to segment the loan portfolio into homogeneous groups. The Company's methodology segments the portfolio generally by FDIC Call
46

Report codes in eleven segments, and is consistent with general industry practice. For the purpose of determining general allowance loss factors, loss experience is derived from a migration analysis, with the exception of national syndicated loans and auto dealer purchased loans where an average historical loss rate is applied due to limited historical loss experience. The key inputs to run a migration analysis are the length of the migration period, the dates for the migration periods to start and the number of migration periods used for the analysis. For each migration period, the analysis will determine the outstanding balance in each segment and/or sub-segment at the start of each period. These loans will then be followed for the length of the migration period to identify the amount of associated charge-offs and recoveries. A loss rate for each migration period is calculated using the formula 'net charge-offs over the period divided by beginning loan balance'. The Allowance methodology applies a look back period to January 1, 2010. The Company extends its look back period with each additional quarter passing.
Qualitative Adjustments
Our Allowance methodology uses qualitative adjustments to address changes in conditions, trends, and circumstances such as economic conditions and industry changes that could have a significant impact on the risk profile of the loan portfolio, and provide for losses in the loan portfolio that may not be reflected and/or captured in the historical loss data. In order to ensure that the qualitative adjustments are in compliance with current regulatory standards and U.S. GAAP, the Company is primarily basing adjustments on the nine standard factors outlined in the 2006 Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses. These factors include: lending policies, economic conditions, loan profile, lending staff, problem loan trends, loan review, collateral, credit concentrations and other internal and external factors.
In recognizing that current and relevant environmental (economic, market or other) conditions that can affect repayment may not yet be fully reflected in historical loss experience, qualitative adjustments are applied to factor in current loan portfolio and market intelligence. These adjustments, which are added to the historical loss rate, consider the nature of the Company's primary markets and are reasonable, consistently determined and appropriately documented. Management reviews the results of the qualitative adjustment quarterly to ensure it is consistent with the trends in the overall economy, and from time to time may make adjustments, if necessary, to ensure directional consistency.
Financial Summary
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $15.2 million, or $0.52 per diluted share, compared to $11.8 million, or $0.39 per diluted share for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $43.7 million, or $1.47 per diluted share, compared to $36.9 million, or $1.20 per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The following table presents annualized returns on average assets and average shareholders' equity, and basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated. Returns on average assets and average shareholders' equity are annualized based on a 30/360 day convention.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Return on average assets | 1.06 | % |  | 0.85 | % |  | 1.03 | % |  | 0.90 | %
Return on average shareholders’ equity | 12.54 |  |  | 9.16 |  |  | 11.99 |  |  | 9.57 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 1.48 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |
Diluted earnings per common share | 0.52 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 1.47 |  |  | 1.20 |

Material Trends
The majority of our operations are concentrated in the state of Hawaii. As a result, our performance is significantly influenced by the real estate markets, economic environment and environmental conditions in Hawaii. Macroeconomic conditions also influence our performance. A favorable business environment is generally characterized by expanding gross state product, low unemployment and rising personal income; while an unfavorable business environment is characterized by the reverse.
Following the solid performances of our leading economic indicators in 2017, the economic outlook for Hawaii continues to be positive for the remainder of 2018. Tourism continues to be Hawaii's center of strength and its most significant economic driver. For the sixth straight year in 2017, Hawaii's strong visitor industry broke records in five keys categories, including visitor arrivals and visitor spending. The visitor industry recorded a strong nine months ended September 30, 2018. According
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to the Hawaii Tourism Authority ("HTA"), 7.5 million visitors visited the state in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This was an increase of 6.5% from the number of visitor arrivals in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The HTA also reported total spending by visitors increased to $13.6 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, or an increase of $1.2 billion, or 9.8%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2017. According to the Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism ("DBEDT"), total visitor arrivals and visitor spending are expected to increase 6.1% and 9.2% in 2018, respectively, and 1.6% and 3.2% in 2019, respectively.
After two years of consecutive growth above 2%, DBEDT reported Hawaii's economy, as measured by the growth of real personal income and real gross state product, continued positive growth in 2017, but at a slower pace. In its third quarter of 2018 report, DBEDT projects real personal income and real gross state product to grow at a rate of 1.8% and 1.5%, respectively, for 2018 and 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively, for 2019.
Hawaii's labor market continues to be the tightest labor market in the nation. The Department of Labor and Industrial Relations reported that Hawaii's seasonally adjusted annual unemployment rate remained unchanged at 2.2% in September 2018, compared to 2.2% in September 2017. Hawaii's unemployment rate remained below the national seasonally adjusted unemployment rate of 3.7%. DBEDT projects Hawaii's seasonally adjusted annual unemployment rate to be at 2.2% in 2018 and 2.5% in 2019.
Real estate lending is a primary focus for us, including residential mortgage and commercial mortgage loans. As a result, we are dependent on the strength of Hawaii's real estate market. Home sales in Hawaii were strong and the housing market set several new records in 2017. According to the Honolulu Board of Realtors, after a slow start to 2018, they continue to see a steady upward trend and anticipate peak sales in the late summer months. Oahu unit sales volume dipped slightly by 3.7% for single-family homes and 0.1% for condominiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same time period last year. The median price for a single-family home on Oahu reached an all-time high of $812,500 in the month of September 2018, passing the record set in August 2018 of $810,000. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the median sales price for single-family homes on Oahu was $789,000, representing an increase of 4.2% from $757,000 in the same prior year period. The median sales price for condominiums on Oahu for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $429,500, representing an increase of 5.5% from $407,000 in the same prior year period. We believe the Hawaii real estate market will continue to remain strong for the remainder of 2018, however, there can be no assurance that this will occur.
We are closely monitoring the Mount Kilauea lava eruptions in the Puna District on the Big Island of Hawaii. During the third quarter of 2018, we were paid off on six loans, with a total outstanding balance of $1.6 million in which the collateral properties were located in the Puna District. As of September 30, 2018, in the Puna District we have a total of 29 residential mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit remaining in our portfolio, with a total outstanding balance of $2.6 million. Within that portfolio, we are aware that one residential mortgage property with an aggregate outstanding balance of $0.1 million was destroyed by lava and the insurance claim for the remaining mortgage was denied. As such, management established a specific reserve in the same amount as of September 30, 2018 to cover the potential impairment of this loan.
During the third quarter of 2018, we also recorded an increase to the reserve for residential mortgage repurchase losses of $0.3 million, primarily due to potential losses on repurchases of loans impacted by the Mount Kilauea lava eruptions. We will continue to monitor and evaluate the impact of the Mount Kilauea lava eruptions on our business and financial condition.
As we have seen in the past, our operating results are significantly impacted by the economy in Hawaii and the composition of our loan portfolio. Loan demand, deposit growth, Provision, asset quality, noninterest income and noninterest expense are all affected by changes in economic conditions. If the residential and commercial real estate markets we have exposure to deteriorate, our results of operations would be negatively impacted.
In late 2008, the Federal Reserve lowered the target Federal Funds range to 0%-0.25%. In an attempt to help the overall economy, the Federal Reserve kept interest rates low through its targeted Federal Funds rate until the recession was safely over. In recent years, the Federal Reserve has begun raising the target Federal Funds range. During 2017, the Federal Reserve increased the Federal Funds rate three times, each time by 25 basis points.
In September 2018. the Federal Reserve raised the target Federal Funds range by 25 bp for the third time in 2018, to 2.00%-2.25%. The Federal Reserve also kept its forecast for a fourth hike later this year, subject to economic conditions.
As the Federal Reserve increases the Federal Funds rate, overall interest rates will likely rise, which may negatively impact the U.S. economic recovery. Further, changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence, among other things, (i) the amount of interest we receive on loans and securities, (ii) the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, (iii) our ability to originate loans and obtain deposits and (iv) the fair value of our assets and liabilities.
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Results of Operations
Net Interest Income
Net interest income, when annualized and expressed as a percentage of average interest earning assets, is referred to as "net interest margin." Interest income, which includes loan fees and resultant yield information, is expressed on a taxable equivalent basis using a federal statutory tax rate of 21% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 35% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. A comparison of net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis ("net interest income") for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is set forth below.

(dollars in thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30,
2018 |  | 2017 |  | Variance
Average Balance |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Balance |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Balance |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Interest Income/ Expense
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | $ | 22,057 |  |  | 1.97 | % |  | 109 |  |  | $ | 51,392 |  |  | 1.26 | % |  | 163 |  |  | $ | (29,335 | ) |  | 0.71 | % |  | (54 | )
Investment securities, excluding valuation allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable (1) | 1,284,411 |  |  | 2.65 |  |  | 8,516 |  |  | 1,363,289 |  |  | 2.51 |  |  | 8,552 |  |  | (78,878 | ) |  | 0.14 |  |  | (36 | )
Tax-exempt (1) | 163,172 |  |  | 2.86 |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | 169,347 |  |  | 3.51 |  |  | 1,486 |  |  | (6,175 | ) |  | (0.65 | ) |  | (321 | )
Total investment securities | 1,447,583 |  |  | 2.67 |  |  | 9,681 |  |  | 1,532,636 |  |  | 2.62 |  |  | 10,038 |  |  | (85,053 | ) |  | 0.05 |  |  | (357 | )
Loans and leases, including loans held for sale (2) | 3,941,511 |  |  | 4.09 |  |  | 40,531 |  |  | 3,625,455 |  |  | 3.98 |  |  | 36,289 |  |  | 316,056 |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 4,242 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 7,773 |  |  | 3.11 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 6,606 |  |  | 1.38 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 1,167 |  |  | 1.73 |  |  | 37 |
Total interest earning assets | 5,418,924 |  |  | 3.70 |  |  | 50,381 |  |  | 5,216,089 |  |  | 3.55 |  |  | 46,513 |  |  | 202,835 |  |  | 0.15 |  |  | 3,868 |
Noninterest-earning assets | 290,901 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 329,820 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (38,919 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,709,825 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,545,909 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 163,916 |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 933,405 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 181 |  |  | $ | 916,885 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 177 |  |  | $ | 16,520 |  |  | — | % |  | 4 |
Savings and money market deposits | 1,524,121 |  |  | 0.15 |  |  | 593 |  |  | 1,458,393 |  |  | 0.08 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 65,728 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 312 |
Time deposits under $100,000 | 177,108 |  |  | 0.53 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 187,231 |  |  | 0.41 |  |  | 192 |  |  | (10,123 | ) |  | 0.12 |  |  | 44 |
Time deposits $100,000 and over | 1,049,446 |  |  | 1.70 |  |  | 4,508 |  |  | 955,644 |  |  | 1.02 |  |  | 2,445 |  |  | 93,802 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 2,063 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 3,684,080 |  |  | 0.59 |  |  | 5,518 |  |  | 3,518,153 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 3,095 |  |  | 165,927 |  |  | 0.24 |  |  | 2,423 |
Short-term borrowings | 25,163 |  |  | 2.30 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 2,934 |  |  | 1.27 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 22,229 |  |  | 1.03 |  |  | 137 |
Long-term debt | 92,785 |  |  | 4.90 |  |  | 1,147 |  |  | 92,785 |  |  | 3.82 |  |  | 894 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.08 |  |  | 253 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 3,802,028 |  |  | 0.71 |  |  | 6,811 |  |  | 3,613,872 |  |  | 0.44 |  |  | 3,998 |  |  | 188,156 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 2,813 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 1,378,981 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,375,625 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,356 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 44,079 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40,808 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,271 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | 5,225,088 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,030,305 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 194,783 |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 484,737 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 515,580 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (30,843 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Non-controlling interest | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Total equity | 484,737 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 515,604 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (30,867 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 5,709,825 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,545,909 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 163,916 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 43,570 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 42,515 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,055 |
Interest rate spread |  |  | 2.99 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.11 | % |  |  |  |  |  | (0.12 | )% |  |
Net interest margin |  |  |  | 3.20 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.25 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.05 | )% |  |  |
(1) At amortized cost. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(2) Includes nonaccrual loans. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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| Nine Months Ended September 30,
2018 |  | 2017 |  | Variance
Average Balance |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Balance |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Balance |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Interest Income/ Expense
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | $ | 23,713 |  |  | 1.75 | % |  | 310 |  |  | $ | 38,089 |  |  | 1.05 | % |  | 298 |  |  | $ | (14,376 | ) |  | 0.70 | % |  | 12 |
Investment securities, excluding valuation allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable investment securities (1) | 1,325,180 |  |  | 2.63 |  |  | 26,094 |  |  | 1,346,013 |  |  | 2.50 |  |  | 25,192 |  |  | (20,833 | ) |  | 0.13 |  |  | 902 |
Tax-exempt investment securities (1) | 164,174 |  |  | 2.86 |  |  | 3,527 |  |  | 170,211 |  |  | 3.52 |  |  | 4,491 |  |  | (6,037 | ) |  | (0.66 | ) |  | (964 | )
Total investment securities | 1,489,354 |  |  | 2.65 |  |  | 29,621 |  |  | 1,516,224 |  |  | 2.61 |  |  | 29,683 |  |  | (26,870 | ) |  | 0.04 |  |  | (62 | )
Loans and leases, including loans held for sale (2) | 3,856,420 |  |  | 4.04 |  |  | 116,620 |  |  | 3,589,124 |  |  | 3.97 |  |  | 106,777 |  |  | 267,296 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 9,843 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 7,261 |  |  | 2.67 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 6,865 |  |  | 1.94 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 45 |
Total interest earning assets | 5,376,748 |  |  | 3.64 |  |  | 146,696 |  |  | 5,150,302 |  |  | 3.55 |  |  | 136,858 |  |  | 226,446 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 9,838 |
Noninterest-earning assets | 294,090 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 328,783 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (34,693 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,670,838 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,479,085 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 191,753 |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 940,154 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 554 |  |  | $ | 895,850 |  |  | 0.07 | % |  | 471 |  |  | $ | 44,304 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 83 |
Savings and money market deposits | 1,506,565 |  |  | 0.13 |  |  | 1,421 |  |  | 1,434,778 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 797 |  |  | 71,787 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 624 |
Time deposits under $100,000 | 178,363 |  |  | 0.48 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 190,877 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 560 |  |  | (12,514 | ) |  | 0.09 |  |  | 85 |
Time deposits $100,000 and over | 1,042,353 |  |  | 1.48 |  |  | 11,558 |  |  | 987,408 |  |  | 0.80 |  |  | 5,930 |  |  | 54,945 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 5,628 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 3,667,435 |  |  | 0.52 |  |  | 14,178 |  |  | 3,508,913 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 7,758 |  |  | 158,522 |  |  | 0.22 |  |  | 6,420 |
Short-term borrowings | 14,683 |  |  | 2.16 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 11,877 |  |  | 0.97 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 2,806 |  |  | 1.19 |  |  | 151 |
Long-term debt | 92,785 |  |  | 4.64 |  |  | 3,221 |  |  | 92,785 |  |  | 3.69 |  |  | 2,563 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.95 |  |  | 658 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 3,774,903 |  |  | 0.62 |  |  | 17,636 |  |  | 3,613,575 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 10,407 |  |  | 161,328 |  |  | 0.23 |  |  | 7,229 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 1,367,574 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,310,722 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56,852 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 42,414 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40,626 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,788 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | 5,184,891 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,964,923 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 219,968 |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 485,942 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 514,137 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28,195 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Non-controlling interest | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Total equity | 485,947 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 514,162 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28,215 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 5,670,838 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,479,085 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 191,753 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 129,060 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 126,451 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,609 |
Interest rate spread |  |  | 3.02 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.16 | % |  |  |  |  |  | (0.14 | )% |  |
Net interest margin |  |  |  | 3.20 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.28 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.08 | )% |  |  |
(1) At amortized cost. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(2) Includes nonaccrual loans. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Net interest income (expressed on a taxable-equivalent basis) was $43.6 million for the third quarter of 2018, representing an increase of 2.5% from $42.5 million in the third quarter of 2017. Net interest income (expressed on a taxable-equivalent basis) was $129.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of 2.1% from $126.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to a significant increase in average loans and leases balances funded by growth in lower cost deposits, combined
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with higher yields earned on the loans and leases and investment securities portfolios. Partially offsetting this increase was an increase in average time deposits $100,000 and over, combined with a significant increase in rates paid on time deposits $100,000 and over. Time deposits $100,000 and over primarily consists of public funds which may be opportunistic sources of funding, but fluctuate more directly with changes in Federal Funds rates. The increase was also partially offset by a lower taxable-equivalent adjustment on the tax-exempt investment securities portfolio due to Tax Reform.
In the second quarter of 2017, we completed an investment portfolio repositioning strategy designed to enhance potential prospective earnings and improve net interest margin. In connection with the repositioning, we sold $97.7 million in lower-yielding available-for-sale investment securities, and purchased $97.4 million in higher yielding, longer duration investment securities. The securities sold had a duration of 3.3 years and an average yield of 1.91%. Gross proceeds from the sale were immediately reinvested back into securities with a duration of 4.6 and an average yield of 2.57%. The new securities were classified in the available-for-sale portfolio. Gross realized losses on the sale of the securities were $1.6 million, recorded in other operating income.
Interest Income
Taxable-equivalent interest income was $50.4 million for the third quarter of 2018, representing an increase of 8.3% from $46.5 million in the third quarter of 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to a $316.1 million increase in average loans and leases compared to the third quarter of 2017, accounting for approximately $3.2 million of the increase in interest income during the third quarter of 2018. In addition, the average yields earned on the loans and leases and taxable investment securities portfolios during the third quarter of 2018 increased by 11 bp and 14 bp, respectively, compared to the third quarter of 2017, accounting for approximately $1.1 million and $0.4 million of the increase in interest income, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a 65 bp decline in the average taxable-equivalent yield earned on the tax-exempt investment securities portfolio, primarily due to Tax Reform, which decreased interest income by $0.3 million.
Taxable-equivalent interest income was $146.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of 7.2% from $136.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to a $267.3 million increase in average loans and leases compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, accounting for approximately $7.8 million of the increase in interest income during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. In addition, the average yields earned on the loans and leases and taxable investment securities portfolios during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased by 7 bp and 13bp, respectively, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, accounting for approximately $2.0 million and $1.3 million of the increase in interest income, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a 66 bp decline in the average taxable-equivalent yield earned on the tax-exempt investment securities portfolio, primarily due to Tax Reform, which decreased interest income by $0.8 million.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the third quarter of 2018 was $6.8 million, representing an increase of 70.4% from the third quarter of 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to a 68 bp increase in average rates paid on time deposits $100,000 and over, which increased interest expense by $1.8 million.
Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $17.6 million, representing an increase of 69.5% from the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to a 68 bp increase in average rates paid on time deposits $100,000 and over, which increased interest expense by $5.3 million. The increase in average rates paid on time deposits $100,000 and over during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in average rates paid on public deposits.
Net Interest Margin
Our net interest margin of 3.20% for the third quarter of 2018 declined by 5 bp from the third quarter of 2017 as deposit costs continue to increase faster than our loan yields. Our net interest margin of 3.20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 declined by 8 bp from the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The average rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, which increased by 27 bp and 23 bp in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to the same prior year periods, outpaced the increase in average yields earned on our interest-earning assets, which increased by 15 bp and 9 bp in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to the same prior year periods.
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The aforementioned increases in average rates paid on our time deposits $100,000 and over during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was partially offset by the aforementioned increases in average yield earned on our loans and leases and taxable investment securities portfolios. Due to Tax Reform and the resultant reduction in the federal statutory tax rate to 21% compared to 35% starting in the first quarter of 2018, the taxable-equivalent adjustment on interest income earned on the average tax-exempt investment securities portfolio decreased. This resulted in an approximately 2 bp reduction in the net interest margin in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The historically low interest rate environment that we continue to operate in is the result of the target Federal Funds range of 0%-0.25% initially set by the Federal Reserve in the fourth quarter of 2008 and other economic policies implemented by the FRB, which continued through the third quarter of 2015. In 2015 and 2016, the Federal Reserve increased the target Federal Funds range by 25 bp each year based on the improvement in labor market conditions and positive economic outlook. Citing improvement in labor market conditions, a move toward more stable prices, and a positive economic outlook, the Federal Reserve increased the target Federal Funds range three times in 2017, each by 25 bp. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve announced their intent to remove monetary policy accommodation through the gradual unwind of their balance sheet that grew following the recession through their quantitative easing programs.
In September 2018, the Federal Reserve raised the target Federal Funds range by 25 bp for the third time in 2018, to 2.00%-2.25%. The Federal Reserve also kept its forecast for a fourth hike later this year, subject to economic conditions.
Provision for Loan and Lease Losses
Our Provision was a credit of $0.1 million during the third quarter of 2018, compared to a credit of $0.1 million in the third quarter of 2017. Our net charge-offs were $1.3 million during the third quarter of 2018, compared to net charge-offs of $1.5 million in the third quarter of 2017.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our Provision was a debit of $0.3 million, compared to a credit of $2.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Our net charge-offs were $3.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to net charge-offs of $2.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Other Operating Income
The following tables set forth components of other operating income for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking income | $ | 1,923 |  |  | $ | 1,531 |  |  | $ | 392 |  |  | 25.6 | %
Service charges on deposit accounts | 2,189 |  |  | 2,182 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 0.3 | %
Other service charges and fees | 3,286 |  |  | 3,185 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 3.2 | %
Income from fiduciary activities | 1,159 |  |  | 911 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 27.2 | %
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | 71 |  |  | 176 |  |  | (105 | ) |  | -59.7 | %
Fees on foreign exchange | 220 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 117.8 | %
Investment securities gains (losses) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N.M. |
Income from bank-owned life insurance | 1,055 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | -1.8 | %
Loan placement fees | 115 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 33.7 | %
Net gain on sales of foreclosed assets | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | -100.0 | %
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income recovered on nonaccrual loans previously charged-off | 395 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 1,480.0 | %
Other recoveries | 101 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 215.6 | %
Commissions on sale of checks | 79 |  |  | 86 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | -8.1 | %
Other | 227 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 41.0 | %
Total other operating income | $ | 10,820 |  |  | $ | 9,569 |  |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | 13.1 | %

52

For the third quarter of 2018, total other operating income of $10.8 million increase d by $1.3 million, or 13.1%, from $9.6 million in the year-ago quarter. The increase from the year-ago quarter was primarily due to higher net gains on sales of residential mortgage loans of $0.4 million (included in mortgage banking income), higher income recovered on nonaccrual loans previously charged-off of $0.4 million, and higher income from fiduciary activities of $0.2 million.

| Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Other operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking income | $ | 5,545 |  |  | $ | 5,431 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | 2.1 | %
Service charges on deposit accounts | 6,169 |  |  | 6,338 |  |  | (169 | ) |  | -2.7 | %
Other service charges and fees | 9,697 |  |  | 8,986 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 7.9 | %
Income from fiduciary activities | 3,132 |  |  | 2,739 |  |  | 393 |  |  | 14.3 | %
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | 151 |  |  | 388 |  |  | (237 | ) |  | -61.1 | %
Fees on foreign exchange | 708 |  |  | 394 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 79.7 | %
Investment securities gains (losses) | — |  |  | (1,640 | ) |  | 1,640 |  |  | -100.0 | %
Income from bank-owned life insurance | 1,874 |  |  | 2,774 |  |  | (900 | ) |  | -32.4 | %
Loan placement fees | 532 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 45.4 | %
Net gain on sales of foreclosed assets | — |  |  | 205 |  |  | (205 | ) |  | -100.0 | %
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income recovered on nonaccrual loans previously charged-off | 621 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1.6 | %
Other recoveries | 196 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 59.3 | %
Commissions on sale of checks | 249 |  |  | 258 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | -3.5 | %
Other | 530 |  |  | 480 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 10.4 | %
Total other operating income | $ | 29,404 |  |  | $ | 27,453 |  |  | $ | 1,951 |  |  | 7.1 | %

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, total other operating income of $29.4 million increase d by $2.0 million, or 7.1%, from $27.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase from the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to investment securities losses of $1.6 million recorded in the year-ago period related to an investment portfolio repositioning, combined with higher commissions and fees on investment services of $0.6 million (included in other service charges and fees), higher income from fiduciary activities of $0.4 million, and higher fees on foreign exchange of $0.3 million. These increases were partially offset by lower income from bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") of $0.9 million. The lower income from BOLI was primarily attributable to $1.1 million in death benefit income recorded in the year-ago period, compared to $0.4 million recorded in the current period.
53

Other Operating Expense
The following tables set forth components of other operating expense for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Other operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 19,011 |  |  | $ | 18,157 |  |  | $ | 854 |  |  | 4.7 | %
Net occupancy | 3,488 |  |  | 3,404 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 2.5 | %
Equipment | 1,048 |  |  | 969 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 8.2 | %
Amortization of core deposit premium | 669 |  |  | 669 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Communication expense | 903 |  |  | 944 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | -4.3 | %
Legal and professional services | 1,528 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | (326 | ) |  | -17.6 | %
Computer software expense | 2,672 |  |  | 2,346 |  |  | 326 |  |  | 13.9 | %
Advertising expense | 612 |  |  | 626 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | -2.2 | %
Foreclosed asset expense | 212 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 783.3 | %
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charitable contributions | 166 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 17.7 | %
FDIC insurance assessment | 437 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Miscellaneous loan expenses | 403 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 33.4 | %
ATM and debit card expenses | 686 |  |  | 548 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 25.2 | %
Amortization of investments in low-income housing tax credit partnerships | 114 |  |  | 174 |  |  | (60 | ) |  | -34.5 | %
Armored car expenses | 185 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Entertainment and promotions | 185 |  |  | 818 |  |  | (633 | ) |  | -77.4 | %
Stationery and supplies | 206 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1.0 | %
Directors’ fees and expenses | 263 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 26.4 | %
Provision for residential mortgage loan repurchase losses | 331 |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |  |  | N.M. |
Increase (decrease) to the reserve for unfunded commitments | (71 | ) |  | 72 |  |  | (143 | ) |  | -198.6 | %
Other | 1,091 |  |  | 1,442 |  |  | (351 | ) |  | -24.3 | %
Total other operating expense | $ | 34,139 |  |  | $ | 33,511 |  |  | $ | 628 |  |  | 1.9 | %

For the third quarter of 2018, total other operating expense was $34.1 million and increase d by $0.6 million, or 1.9%, from $33.5 million in the year-ago quarter. The increase was primarily due to higher salaries and employee benefits of $0.9 million and higher computer software expense of $0.3 million. The increase in salaries and employee benefits was primarily attributable to the increase in the Company's starting pay rate effective January 1, 2018 and merit salary increases effective in the second quarter of 2018. These increase s were partially offset by lower entertainment and promotions of $0.6 million and lower legal and professional services of $0.3 million compared to the year-ago period. The lower entertainment and promotions were primarily attributable to additional expenses incurred in the year-ago period related to a core deposit gathering campaign.
54

| Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Other operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 56,299 |  |  | $ | 53,527 |  |  | $ | 2,772 |  |  | 5.2 | %
Net occupancy | 10,114 |  |  | 10,153 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | -0.4 | %
Equipment | 3,160 |  |  | 2,778 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 13.8 | %
Amortization of core deposit premium | 2,006 |  |  | 2,006 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Communication expense | 2,547 |  |  | 2,735 |  |  | (188 | ) |  | -6.9 | %
Legal and professional services | 5,118 |  |  | 5,633 |  |  | (515 | ) |  | -9.1 | %
Computer software expense | 7,244 |  |  | 6,788 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 6.7 | %
Advertising expense | 1,841 |  |  | 1,408 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 30.8 | %
Foreclosed asset expense | 537 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 336.6 | %
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charitable contributions | 497 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 16.1 | %
FDIC insurance assessment | 1,305 |  |  | 1,286 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Miscellaneous loan expenses | 1,026 |  |  | 856 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 19.9 | %
ATM and debit card expenses | 2,032 |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 38.6 | %
Amortization of investments in low-income housing tax credit partnerships | 341 |  |  | 630 |  |  | (289 | ) |  | -45.9 | %
Armored car expenses | 584 |  |  | 632 |  |  | (48 | ) |  | -7.6 | %
Entertainment and promotions | 617 |  |  | 1,222 |  |  | (605 | ) |  | -49.5 | %
Stationery and supplies | 643 |  |  | 612 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Directors’ fees and expenses | 777 |  |  | 665 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 16.8 | %
Provision for residential mortgage loan repurchase losses | 331 |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |  |  | N.M. |
Increase (decrease) to the reserve for unfunded commitments | 36 |  |  | 195 |  |  | (159 | ) |  | -81.5 | %
Other | 4,326 |  |  | 4,163 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 3.9 | %
Total other operating expense | $ | 101,381 |  |  | $ | 97,306 |  |  | $ | 4,075 |  |  | 4.2 | %

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, total other operating expense was $101.4 million and increase d by $4.1 million, or 4.2%, from $97.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase from the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to higher salaries and employee benefits of $2.8 million, higher ATM and debit card expenses of $0.6 million, higher computer software expense of $0.5 million, and higher advertising, foreclosed asset and equipment expenses of $0.4 million each. The increase in salaries and employee benefits was primarily attributable to the increase in the Company's starting pay rate and merit salary increases effective in the second quarter of 2018. These increases were partially offset by lower entertainment and promotions of $0.6 million and lower legal and professional services of $0.5 million.
A key measure of operating efficiency tracked by management is the efficiency ratio, which is calculated by dividing total operating expenses by total revenue (net interest income and total other operating income). Management believes that the efficiency ratio provides useful supplemental information that is important to a proper understanding of the company's core business results by investors. Our efficiency ratio should not be viewed as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP, nor is it necessarily comparable to the efficiency ratio presented by other companies.
55

The following table sets forth a reconciliation to our efficiency ratio for each of the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Total other operating expense | $ | 34,139 |  |  | $ | 33,511 |  |  | $ | 101,381 |  |  | $ | 97,306 |
Net interest income | $ | 43,325 |  |  | $ | 41,995 |  |  | $ | 128,319 |  |  | $ | 124,879 |
Total other operating income | 10,820 |  |  | 9,569 |  |  | 29,404 |  |  | 27,453 |
Total revenue | $ | 54,145 |  |  | $ | 51,564 |  |  | $ | 157,723 |  |  | $ | 152,332 |
Efficiency ratio | 63.05 | % |  | 64.99 | % |  | 64.28 | % |  | 63.88 | %

Our efficiency ratio improved to 63.05% in the third quarter of 2018 compared to 64.99% in the year-ago quarter. The improvements in net interest income and other operating income were partially offset by higher other operating expenses as noted above, and resulted in the improvement in our efficiency ratio.
Our efficiency ratio increased from 63.88% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 64.28% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The higher other operating expenses, partially offset by the improvements in net interest income and other operating income as noted above, resulted in a higher efficiency ratio.
Income Taxes
The Company recorded income tax expense of $4.9 million and $12.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $6.4 million and $20.6 million in the same prior year periods. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were 24.3% and 22.09%, respectively, compared to 35.0% and 35.81% in the same prior year periods, respectively. The decrease in income tax expense and the effective tax rate in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to the decline in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate attributable to Tax Reform. In addition, in the second quarter of 2017, the Company recorded additional income tax expense of $0.9 million related to a former executive's supplemental executive retirement plan ("SERP") benefit payout and adjustment to the DTA related to SERP. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.7 million related to a refinement of the revaluation of our DTA. In the second quarter of 2018, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.6 million related to a tax accounting method change strategy that allows the deduction for certain expenses to be accelerated into the 2017 tax year under the higher corporate tax rate.
The remaining valuation allowance on our net DTA totaled $3.3 million at September 30, 2018 and $3.3 million at December 31, 2017, which related entirely to our DTA from net apportioned net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards for California state income tax purposes as we do not expect to generate sufficient income in California to utilize the DTA. Net of this valuation allowance, the Company's net DTA totaled $24.5 million at September 30, 2018, compared to a net DTA of $26.5 million as of December 31, 2017, and is included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
Financial Condition
Total assets at September 30, 2018 of $5.73 billion increased by $104.9 million from $5.62 billion at December 31, 2017. The increase in total assets was primarily due to our deposit growth and deployment of these proceeds into higher yielding assets.
Investment Securities
Investment securities of $1.39 billion at September 30, 2018 decreased by $109.9 million, or 7.3%, from December 31, 2017. The decrease reflects $161.5 million in principal runoff and a $34.2 million decrease in the market valuation on the available-for-sale portfolio, partially offset by investment securities purchases totaling $85.3 million.
56

Loans and Leases
The following table sets forth information regarding our outstanding loans and leases by category and geographic location as of the dates indicated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Hawaii: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 427,047 |  |  | $ | 400,529 |  |  | $ | 26,518 |  |  | 6.6 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction |  | 66,286 |  |  | 61,643 |  |  | 4,643 |  |  | 7.5 |
Residential mortgage |  | 1,392,669 |  |  | 1,341,221 |  |  | 51,448 |  |  | 3.8 |
Home equity |  | 455,599 |  |  | 412,230 |  |  | 43,369 |  |  | 10.5 |
Commercial mortgage |  | 845,864 |  |  | 807,009 |  |  | 38,855 |  |  | 4.8 |
Consumer |  | 345,785 |  |  | 322,713 |  |  | 23,072 |  |  | 7.1 |
Leases |  | 170 |  |  | 362 |  |  | (192 | ) |  | (53.0 | )
Total loans and leases |  | 3,533,420 |  |  | 3,345,707 |  |  | 187,713 |  |  | 5.6 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses |  | (41,991 | ) |  | (44,779 | ) |  | 2,788 |  |  | (6.2 | )
Net loans and leases |  | $ | 3,491,429 |  |  | $ | 3,300,928 |  |  | $ | 190,501 |  |  | 5.8 |
U.S. Mainland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 138,317 |  |  | $ | 103,490 |  |  | $ | 34,827 |  |  | 33.7 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction |  | 2,355 |  |  | 2,597 |  |  | (242 | ) |  | (9.3 | )
Residential mortgage |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage |  | 187,586 |  |  | 170,788 |  |  | 16,798 |  |  | 9.8 |
Consumer |  | 116,349 |  |  | 148,033 |  |  | (31,684 | ) |  | (21.4 | )
Leases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans and leases |  | 444,607 |  |  | 424,908 |  |  | 19,699 |  |  | 4.6 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses |  | (4,835 | ) |  | (5,222 | ) |  | 387 |  |  | (7.4 | )
Net loans and leases |  | $ | 439,772 |  |  | $ | 419,686 |  |  | $ | 20,086 |  |  | 4.8 |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 565,364 |  |  | $ | 504,019 |  |  | $ | 61,345 |  |  | 12.2 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction |  | 68,641 |  |  | 64,240 |  |  | 4,401 |  |  | 6.9 |
Residential mortgage |  | 1,392,669 |  |  | 1,341,221 |  |  | 51,448 |  |  | 3.8 |
Home equity |  | 455,599 |  |  | 412,230 |  |  | 43,369 |  |  | 10.5 |
Commercial mortgage |  | 1,033,450 |  |  | 977,797 |  |  | 55,653 |  |  | 5.7 |
Consumer |  | 462,134 |  |  | 470,746 |  |  | (8,612 | ) |  | (1.8 | )
Leases |  | 170 |  |  | 362 |  |  | (192 | ) |  | (53.0 | )
Total loans and leases |  | 3,978,027 |  |  | 3,770,615 |  |  | 207,412 |  |  | 5.5 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses |  | (46,826 | ) |  | (50,001 | ) |  | 3,175 |  |  | (6.3 | )
Net loans and leases |  | $ | 3,931,201 |  |  | $ | 3,720,614 |  |  | $ | 210,587 |  |  | 5.7 |

Loans and leases, net of deferred costs, of $3.98 billion at September 30, 2018 increased by $207.4 million, or 5.5%, from December 31, 2017. The increase reflects net increase s in the following loan portfolios: commercial, financial and agricultural of $61.3 million, commercial mortgage of $55.7 million, residential mortgage of $51.4 million, and home equity of $43.4 million. These increase s were partially offset by a net decrease in the consumer loan portfolio of $8.6 million.
The Hawaii loan portfolio increase d by $187.7 million, or 5.6%, from December 31, 2017. The increase reflects net increase s in the following loan portfolios: residential mortgage of $51.4 million, home equity of $43.4 million, commercial mortgage of $38.9 million, commercial, financial and agricultural of $26.5 million, and consumer of $23.1 million. The increase s in the portfolios were primarily due to an increased demand from both new and existing customers.
57

The U.S. Mainland loan portfolio increase d by $19.7 million, or 4.6% from December 31, 2017. The net increase was primarily attributable to net increases in the commercial, financial and agricultural loan portfolio of $34.8 million and commercial mortgage loan portfolio of $16.8 million, partially offset by a reduction in the consumer loan portfolio of $31.7 million.
In May 2018, we purchased a U.S. Mainland auto loan portfolio totaling $20.6 million which included a $0.1 million premium over the $20.5 million outstanding balance. At the time of purchase, the auto loans had a weighted average remaining term of 63 months and a weighted average yield, net of the premium paid and servicing costs, of 3.89%.
Nonperforming Assets, Accruing Loans Delinquent for 90 Days or More, Restructured Loans Still Accruing Interest
The following table sets forth nonperforming assets, accruing loans delinquent for 90 days or more and restructured loans still accruing interest as of the dates indicated.

(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Nonperforming Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual loans (including loans held for sale): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | $ | 2,197 |  |  | $ | 2,280 |  |  | $ | (83 | ) |  | (3.6 | )
Home equity | 415 |  |  | 416 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (0.2 | )
Commercial mortgage | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | (79 | ) |  | (100.0 | )
Total nonaccrual loans | 2,612 |  |  | 2,775 |  |  | (163 | ) |  | (5.9 | )
Other real estate owned ("OREO"): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 414 |  |  | 851 |  |  | (437 | ) |  | (51.4 | )
Total OREO | 414 |  |  | 851 |  |  | (437 | ) |  | (51.4 | )
Total nonperforming assets | 3,026 |  |  | 3,626 |  |  | (600 | ) |  | (16.5 | )
Accruing Loans Delinquent for 90 Days or More |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | (49 | ) |  | (100.0 | )
Consumer | 333 |  |  | 515 |  |  | (182 | ) |  | (35.3 | )
Total accruing loans delinquent for 90 days or more | 333 |  |  | 564 |  |  | (231 | ) |  | (41.0 | )
Restructured Loans Still Accruing Interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | 388 |  |  | 491 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | (21.0 | )
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage | 9,747 |  |  | 10,677 |  |  | (930 | ) |  | (8.7 | )
Commercial mortgage | 1,145 |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | (321 | ) |  | (21.9 | )
Total restructured loans still accruing interest | 11,280 |  |  | 12,634 |  |  | (1,354 | ) |  | (10.7 | )
Total nonperforming assets, accruing loans delinquent for 90 days or more and restructured loans still accruing interest | $ | 14,639 |  |  | $ | 16,824 |  |  | $ | (2,185 | ) |  | (13.0 | )
Ratio of nonaccrual loans to total loans and leases | 0.07 | % |  | 0.07 | % |  |  |  | — | %
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total loans and leases and OREO | 0.08 | % |  | 0.10 | % |  |  |  | (0.02 | )%
Ratio of nonperforming assets and accruing loans delinquent for 90 days or more to total loans and leases and OREO | 0.08 | % |  | 0.11 | % |  |  |  | (0.03 | )%
Ratio of nonperforming assets, accruing loans delinquent for 90 days or more, and restructured loans still accruing interest to total loans and leases and OREO | 0.37 | % |  | 0.45 | % |  |  |  | (0.08 | )%

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The following table sets forth activity in nonperforming assets as of the date indicated.

Year-to-Date Changes in Nonperforming Assets: |  |
(dollars in thousands) |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 3,626 |
Additions | 593 |
Reductions: |  |
Payments | (313 | )
Return to accrual status | (403 | )
Sales of nonperforming assets | (40 | )
Charge-offs and/or valuation adjustments | (437 | )
Total reductions | (1,193 | )
Net decrease | (600 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 3,026 |

Nonperforming assets, which includes nonaccrual loans and leases and other real estate, totaled $3.0 million at September 30, 2018, compared to $3.6 million at December 31, 2017. There were no nonperforming loans classified as held for sale at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The decrease in nonperforming assets from December 31, 2017 was primarily attributable to a $0.4 million in write-downs of a foreclosed asset, $0.4 million in nonaccrual loans returned to accrual status, and $0.3 million in repayments, offset by $0.6 million in additions to nonaccrual loans.
Net changes to nonperforming assets by category included net decreases in Hawaii residential mortgage assets of $0.5 million and Hawaii commercial mortgage assets of $0.1 million.
Troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") included in nonperforming assets at September 30, 2018 consisted of three Hawaii residential mortgage loans with a combined principal balance of $0.4 million.
Concessions made to the original contractual terms of these loans consisted primarily of the deferral of interest and/or principal payments due to deterioration in the borrowers' financial condition. The principal balances on these TDRs had matured and/or were in default at the time of restructure and we have no commitments to lend additional funds to any of these borrowers. There were $11.3 million of TDRs still accruing interest at September 30, 2018, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent. At December 31, 2017, there were $12.6 million of TDRs still accruing interest, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent.
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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the Allowance as of the dates and for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 48,181 |  |  | $ | 52,828 |  |  | $ | 50,001 |  |  | $ | 56,631 |
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses | (59 | ) |  | (126 | ) |  | 262 |  |  | (2,488 | )
Charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | 731 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 1,971 |  |  | 1,266 |
Consumer | 1,762 |  |  | 1,709 |  |  | 5,424 |  |  | 4,676 |
Total charge-offs | 2,493 |  |  | 2,138 |  |  | 7,395 |  |  | 5,942 |
Recoveries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural | 578 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 676 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 6 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 1,205 |  |  | 117 |
Residential mortgage | 51 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 857 |
Home equity | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 35 |
Commercial mortgage | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 146 |
Consumer | 548 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 1,568 |  |  | 1,185 |
Total recoveries | 1,197 |  |  | 653 |  |  | 3,958 |  |  | 3,016 |
Net charge-offs | 1,296 |  |  | 1,485 |  |  | 3,437 |  |  | 2,926 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 46,826 |  |  | $ | 51,217 |  |  | $ | 46,826 |  |  | $ | 51,217 |
Allowance as a percentage of total loans and leases | 1.18 | % |  | 1.41 | % |  | 1.18 | % |  | 1.41 | %
Annualized ratio of net charge-offs to average loans and leases | 0.13 | % |  | 0.16 | % |  | 0.12 | % |  | 0.11 | %

Our Allowance at September 30, 2018 totaled $46.8 million compared to $50.0 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease in our Allowance during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was primarily attributable to continued improvement in the credit quality of the loan portfolio and is a direct result of $3.4 million in net charge-offs offset by a debit to the Provision of $0.3 million.
Our Allowance as a percentage of total loans and leases decreased from 1.33% at December 31, 2017 to 1.18% at September 30, 2018. Our Allowance as a percentage of nonperforming assets increased from 1,378.96% at December 31, 2017 to 1,547.46% at September 30, 2018.
In accordance with GAAP, loans held for sale and other real estate assets are not included in our assessment of the Allowance.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
The bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (the "FHLB"). FHLB membership stock of $11.0 million at September 30, 2018 increased by $3.2 million, or 41.3%, from the FHLB membership stock balance at December 31, 2017. FHLB membership stock has an activity-based stock requirement, thus as borrowings increase, so will the FHLB membership stock balance. There is a minimum requirement of $6.5 million in FHLB membership stock even if we have no borrowings outstanding.
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Deposits
The following table sets forth the composition of our deposits by category for the periods indicated:

(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 1,403,534 |  |  | $ | 1,395,556 |  |  | $ | 7,978 |  |  | 0.6 | %
Interest-bearing demand deposits | 935,130 |  |  | 933,054 |  |  | 2,076 |  |  | 0.2 |
Savings and money market deposits | 1,503,465 |  |  | 1,481,876 |  |  | 21,589 |  |  | 1.5 |
Time deposits less than $100,000 | 174,920 |  |  | 180,748 |  |  | (5,828 | ) |  | (3.2 | )
Core deposits | 4,017,049 |  |  | 3,991,234 |  |  | 25,815 |  |  | 0.6 |
Government time deposits | 696,349 |  |  | 687,052 |  |  | 9,297 |  |  | 1.4 |
Other time deposits $100,000 to $250,000 | 104,339 |  |  | 101,560 |  |  | 2,779 |  |  | 2.7 |
Other time deposits greater than $250,000 | 185,943 |  |  | 176,508 |  |  | 9,435 |  |  | 5.3 |
Total time deposits $100,000 and greater | 986,631 |  |  | 965,120 |  |  | 21,511 |  |  | 2.2 |
Total deposits | $ | 5,003,680 |  |  | $ | 4,956,354 |  |  | $ | 47,326 |  |  | 1.0 |

Total deposits of $5.00 billion at September 30, 2018 reflected an increase of $47.3 million, or 1.0%, from total deposits of $4.96 billion at December 31, 2017. The increase was attributable to net increase s in savings and money market deposits of $21.6 million, other time deposits greater than $250,000 of $9.4 million, government time deposits of $9.3 million, noninterest-bearing demand deposits of $8.0 million, other time deposits $100,000 to $250,000 of $2.8 million, and interest-bearing demand deposits of $2.1 million. These increase s were partially offset by a net decrease in time deposits less than $100,000 of $5.8 million.
Core deposits, which we define as demand deposits, savings and money market deposits, and time deposits less than $100,000, totaled $4.02 billion at September 30, 2018 and increase d by $25.8 million, or 0.6%, from December 31, 2017.
Capital Resources
In order to ensure adequate levels of capital, we conduct an ongoing assessment of projected sources and uses of capital in conjunction with an analysis of the size and quality of our assets, the level of risk and regulatory capital requirements. As part of this ongoing assessment, the Board of Directors reviews our capital position on an ongoing basis to ensure it is adequate, including, but not limited to, need for raising additional capital or returning capital to our shareholders, including the ability to declare cash dividends or repurchase our securities.
Common and Preferred Equity
Shareholders' equity totaled $478.2 million at September 30, 2018, compared to $500.0 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease in total shareholders' equity was attributable to other comprehensive loss of $24.1 million, the repurchase of 849,290 shares of common stock under our repurchase program, at a cost of $24.8 million, and cash dividends paid of $18.0 million, partially offset by net income of $43.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased approximately 2.8% of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2017.
The tangible common equity ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure which should be read and used in conjunction with the Company's GAAP financial information. Comparison of our tangible common equity ratio with those of other companies may not be possible because other companies may calculate the tangible common equity ratio differently. Our tangible common equity ratio is derived by dividing common shareholders' equity, less intangible assets (core deposit premium), by total assets, less intangible assets (core deposit premium).
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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our tangible common equity ratio for each of the periods indicated:

(dollars in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Total shareholders' equity | $ | 478,151 |  |  | $ | 500,011 |
Total common equity | 478,151 |  |  | 500,011 |
Less: other intangible assets (core deposit premium) | — |  |  | (2,006 | )
Tangible common equity | $ | 478,151 |  |  | $ | 498,005 |
Total assets | $ | 5,728,640 |  |  | $ | 5,623,708 |
Less: other intangible assets (core deposit premium) | — |  |  | (2,006 | )
Tangible assets | $ | 5,728,640 |  |  | $ | 5,621,702 |
Tangible common equity ratio | 8.35 | % |  | 8.86 | %

Our tangible common equity ratio was 8.35% at September 30, 2018, compared to 8.86% at December 31, 2017. Our book value per share was $16.34 and $16.65 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Our tangible book value per share was $16.34 and $16.59 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Holding Company Capital Resources
CPF is required to act as a source of strength to the bank under the Dodd-Frank Act. CPF is obligated to pay its expenses and payments on its junior subordinated debentures which fund payments on the outstanding trust preferred securities.
CPF relies on the bank to pay dividends to fund its obligations. As of September 30, 2018, on a stand-alone basis, CPF had an available cash balance of approximately $13.9 million in order to meet its ongoing obligations.
As a Hawaii state-chartered bank, the bank may only pay dividends to the extent it has retained earnings as defined under Hawaii banking law ("Statutory Retained Earnings"), which differs from GAAP retained earnings. As of September 30, 2018, the bank had Statutory Retained Earnings of $87.5 million. On October 23, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.21 per share on the Company's outstanding common stock, which was a 16.7% increase from the $0.18 per share a year-ago.
Dividends are payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors and there can be no assurance that the Board of Directors will continue to pay dividends at the same rate, or at all, in the future. Our ability to pay cash dividends to our shareholders is subject to restrictions under federal and Hawaii law, including restrictions imposed by the FRB and covenants set forth in various agreements we are a party to, including covenants set forth in our subordinated debentures.
In January 2016, the Board of Directors approved the authorization to repurchase up to $30.0 million of the Company's common stock (the "2016 Repurchase Plan"), which superseded in its entirety the repurchase plan that was previously approved by the Board of Directors.
In January 2017, the Board of Directors approved the authorization to repurchase up to $30.0 million of the Company's common stock (the "2017 Repurchase Plan"), which superseded in its entirety the 2016 Repurchase Plan. In January 2017, prior to the 2017 Repurchase Plan being approved, 1,750 shares of common stock, at a cost of $0.1 million, were repurchased under the 2016 Repurchase Plan.
In November 2017, the Board of Directors authorized an increase in the share repurchase program authority by an additional $50.0 million (known henceforth as the "Repurchase Plan"). This amount is in addition to the $30.0 million in planned repurchases authorized in January 2017. There is no expiration date on the Repurchase Plan.
In the year ended December 31, 2017, 864,483 shares of common stock, at a cost of $26.6 million, were repurchased under the 2016 Repurchase Plan and the Repurchase Plan combined.
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In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a total of 849,290 shares of common stock, at a cost of $24.8 million, were repurchased under the Repurchase Plan. As of September 30, 2018, $28.7 million remained under the Repurchase Plan. The plan has no set expiration or termination date.
Trust Preferred Securities
We have four statutory trusts, CPB Capital Trust II ("Trust II"), CPB Statutory Trust III ("Trust III"), CPB Capital Trust IV ("Trust IV") and CPB Statutory Trust V ("Trust V"), which issued a total of $90.0 million in floating rate trust preferred securities. The trust preferred securities, the underlying floating rate junior subordinated debentures that are the assets of Trusts II, III, IV and V, and the common securities issued by Trusts II, III, IV and V are redeemable in whole or in part on any interest payment date on or after October 7, 2008 for Trusts II and III, and on or after December 15, 2009 for Trust IV and V, or at any time in whole but not in part within 90 days following the occurrence of certain events. Our obligations with respect to the issuance of the trust preferred securities constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of each trust's obligations with respect to its trust preferred securities. Subject to certain exceptions and limitations, we may elect from time to time to defer subordinated debenture interest payments, which would result in a deferral of dividend payments on the related trust preferred securities, for up to 20 consecutive quarterly periods without default or penalty.
In October 2018, the Company announced that it submitted a notice to redeem, in whole and at par, $20.0 million of floating rate trust preferred securities issued by Trust III and the underlying floating rate junior subordinated debentures, which are reported as long-term debt on the Company's balance sheet with an interest rate of 5.18% as of September 30, 2018. The redemption is pursuant to the optional prepayment provisions of the indenture and is scheduled to occur on December 17, 2018.
Regulatory Capital Ratios
General capital adequacy regulations adopted by the FRB and FDIC require an institution to maintain minimum leverage capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, total risk-based capital, and common equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital ratios. In addition to these uniform risk-based capital guidelines and leverage ratios that apply across the industry, the regulators have the discretion to set individual minimum capital requirements for specific institutions at rates significantly above the minimum guidelines and ratios. For a further discussion of the effect of forthcoming changes in required regulatory capital ratios, see the discussion in the "Business — Supervision and Regulation" sections of our 2017 Form 10-K, as amended by our Form 10-K/A.
The Company's and the bank's leverage capital, tier 1 risk-based capital, total risk-based capital, and CET1 risk-based capital ratios as of September 30, 2018 were above the levels required for a "well capitalized" regulatory designation.
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The following table sets forth the Company's and the bank's capital ratios, as well as the minimum capital adequacy requirements applicable to all financial institutions as of the dates indicated.

|  | Actual |  | Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes |  | Minimum Required to be Well Capitalized
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
At September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leverage capital |  | $ | 590,627 |  |  | 10.3 | % |  | $ | 229,409 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | $ | 286,761 |  |  | 5.0 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital |  | 590,627 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 249,494 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 332,659 |  |  | 8.0 |
Total risk-based capital |  | 639,157 |  |  | 15.4 |  |  | 332,659 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 415,824 |  |  | 10.0 |
CET1 risk-based capital |  | 500,627 |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | 187,121 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 270,285 |  |  | 6.5 |
At December 31, 2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leverage capital |  | $ | 578,607 |  |  | 10.4 | % |  | $ | 223,646 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | $ | 279,557 |  |  | 5.0 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital |  | 578,607 |  |  | 14.7 |  |  | 236,721 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 315,628 |  |  | 8.0 |
Total risk-based capital |  | 628,068 |  |  | 15.9 |  |  | 315,628 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 394,535 |  |  | 10.0 |
CET1 risk-based capital |  | 490,861 |  |  | 12.4 |  |  | 177,541 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 256,448 |  |  | 6.5 |
Central Pacific Bank |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
At September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leverage capital |  | $ | 571,949 |  |  | 10.0 | % |  | $ | 228,985 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | $ | 286,231 |  |  | 5.0 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital |  | 571,949 |  |  | 13.8 |  |  | 248,867 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 331,822 |  |  | 8.0 |
Total risk-based capital |  | 620,479 |  |  | 15.0 |  |  | 331,822 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 414,778 |  |  | 10.0 |
CET1 risk-based capital |  | 571,949 |  |  | 13.8 |  |  | 186,650 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 269,605 |  |  | 6.5 |
At December 31, 2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leverage capital |  | $ | 565,412 |  |  | 10.1 | % |  | $ | 223,431 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | $ | 279,289 |  |  | 5.0 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital |  | 565,412 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 236,401 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 315,201 |  |  | 8.0 |
Total risk-based capital |  | 614,732 |  |  | 15.6 |  |  | 315,201 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 394,002 |  |  | 10.0 |
CET1 risk-based capital |  | 565,412 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 177,301 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 256,101 |  |  | 6.5 |

Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk
Our earnings and capital are sensitive to risk of interest rate fluctuations. Interest rate risk arises when rate-sensitive assets and rate-sensitive liabilities mature or reprice during different periods or in differing amounts. In the normal course of business, we are subjected to interest rate risk through the activities of making loans and taking deposits, as well as from our investment securities portfolio and other interest-bearing funding sources. Asset/liability management attempts to coordinate our rate-sensitive assets and rate-sensitive liabilities to meet our financial objectives.
Our Asset/Liability Management Policy seeks to maximize the risk-adjusted return to shareholders while maintaining consistently acceptable levels of liquidity, interest rate risk and capitalization. Our Asset/Liability Management Committee, or ALCO, monitors interest rate risk through the use of interest rate sensitivity gap, net interest income and market value of portfolio equity simulation and rate shock analyses. This process is designed to measure the impact of future changes in interest rates on net interest income and market value of portfolio equity. Adverse interest rate risk exposures are managed through the shortening or lengthening of the duration of assets and liabilities.
ALCO utilizes a detailed and dynamic simulation model to measure and manage interest rate risk exposures. The monthly simulation process is designed to measure the impact of future changes in interest rates on net interest income and market value of portfolio equity and to allow ALCO to model alternative balance sheet strategies.
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The following reflects our net interest income sensitivity analysis as of September 30, 2018, over a one-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth and given both a 100 bp upward and 100 bp downward parallel shift in interest rates.

Rate Change |  | Estimated Net Interest Income Sensitivity
+100bp |  | 1.10 | %
-100bp |  | (2.65 | )%

Liquidity and Borrowing Arrangements
Our objective in managing liquidity is to maintain a balance between sources and uses of funds in order to economically meet the cash requirements of customers for loans and deposit withdrawals and participate in lending and investment opportunities as they arise. We monitor our liquidity position in relation to changes in loan and deposit balances on a daily basis to ensure maximum utilization, maintenance of an adequate level of readily marketable assets and access to short-term funding sources.
Core deposits have historically provided us with a sizable source of relatively stable and low cost funds, but are subject to competitive pressure in our market. In addition to core deposit funding, we also have access to a variety of other short-term and long-term funding sources, which include proceeds from maturities of our investment securities, as well as secondary funding sources such as the FHLB, secured repurchase agreements and the Federal Reserve discount window, available to meet our liquidity needs. While we historically have had access to these other funding sources, access to these sources may not be guaranteed and can be restricted in the future as a result of market conditions or the Company's and bank's financial position.
The bank is a member of and maintained a $1.67 billion line of credit with the FHLB as of September 30, 2018, compared to $1.50 billion at December 31, 2017. We had $105.0 million in short-term borrowings under this arrangement at September 30, 2018, compared to $32.0 million at December 31, 2017. There were no long-term borrowings under this arrangement at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. FHLB advances available at September 30, 2018 were secured by certain real estate loans with a carrying value of $2.26 billion in accordance with the collateral provisions of the Advances, Security and Deposit Agreement with the FHLB. At September 30, 2018, $1.56 billion was undrawn under this arrangement, compared to $1.47 billion at December 31, 2017.
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our bank had additional unused borrowings available at the Federal Reserve discount window of $76.5 million and $73.0 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, certain commercial and commercial real estate loans with a carrying value totaling $124.6 million and $129.2 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral on our line of credit with the Federal Reserve discount window. The Federal Reserve does not have the right to sell or repledge these loans.
Our ability to maintain adequate levels of liquidity is dependent on our ability to continue to maintain our strong risk profile and capital base. Our liquidity may also be negatively impacted by weakness in the financial markets and industry-wide reductions in liquidity.
Contractual Obligations
Information regarding our contractual obligations is provided in "Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by our Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations since December 31, 2017.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates/prices such as interest rates, foreign currency rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk that occurs when rate-sensitive assets and rate-sensitive liabilities mature or reprice during different periods or in differing amounts. Asset/liability management attempts to coordinate our rate-sensitive assets and rate-sensitive liabilities to meet our financial objectives. The Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO") monitors interest rate risk through the use of interest rate sensitivity gap, net interest income and market value of portfolio equity simulation, and rate shock analyses. Adverse interest rate risk exposures are managed through the shortening or lengthening of the duration of assets and liabilities.
The primary analytical tool we use to measure and manage our interest rate risk is a simulation model that projects changes in net interest income ("NII") as market interest rates change. Our ALCO policy requires that simulated changes in NII should be
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within certain specified ranges, or steps must be taken to reduce interest rate risk. The results of the model indicate that the mix of rate-sensitive assets and liabilities at September 30, 2018 would not result in a fluctuation of NII that would exceed the established policy limits.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report and pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the "Exchange Act"), the Company's management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness and design of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded, as of the end of the period covered by this report, that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
As of the end of the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the Risk Factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by our Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018 and March 5, 2018, respectively, except as described below.
Natural disasters and other external events could have a material adverse affect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our branch offices as well as a substantial majority of our loan portfolio is in the State of Hawaii. As a result, natural disasters and other severe weather occurrences such as tsunamis, volcanic eruptions (such as the recent eruption of Mount Kilauea), hurricanes and earthquakes and other adverse external events, could have a significant effect on our ability to conduct our business and adversely affect the tourism and visitor industry in the State of Hawaii. Such events could affect the ability of our borrowers to repay their outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing our loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue, adversely impact our deposit base and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. Accordingly, the occurrence of any such natural disasters or severe weather events could have a material adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In January 2017, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30.0 million of the Company's common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a newly authorized share repurchase program (the "2017 Repurchase Plan"). The 2017 Repurchase Plan replaced and superseded in its entirety the previous share repurchase program.
In November 2017, the Board of Directors authorized an increase in the 2017 Repurchase Plan authority by an additional $50.0 million (known henceforth as the "Repurchase Plan"). We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to repurchase any shares of our common stock. In addition, our ability to repurchase common stock may be restricted by applicable federal or Hawaii law or by our regulators.
In the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repurchased 235,043 shares of common stock, at an aggregate cost of $6.7 million, under the Repurchase Plan. As of September 30, 2018, a total of $28.7 million remained available for repurchase under the Repurchase Plan. There is no expiration date on the Repurchase Plan.

|  | Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
July 1-31, 2018 |  | 73,500 |  |  | $ | 29.15 |  |  | 73,500 |  |  | $ | 33,268,765 |
August 1-31, 2 018 |  | 86,517 |  |  | 28.32 |  |  | 86,517 |  |  | 30,818,711 |
September 1-30, 2018 |  | 75,026 |  |  | 27.85 |  |  | 75,026 |  |  | 28,729,241 |
Total |  | 235,043 |  |  | $ | 28.43 |  |  | 235,043 |  |  | 28,729,241 |

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Document
10.1 |  | Employment Offer Letter between Central Pacific Bank and Paul Yonamine, dated September 25, 2018 (previously filed on September 26, 2018 on a Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference)
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 **
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 **
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
* |  | Filed herewith.
** |  | Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | CENTRAL PACIFIC FINANCIAL CORP.
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | November 6, 2018 | /s/ Paul K. Yonamine
|  | Paul K. Yonamine
|  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Date: | November 6, 2018 | /s/ David S. Morimoto
|  | David S. Morimoto
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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Central Pacific Bank Financial Corp.
Exhibit Index

Exhibit No. |  | Document
10.1 |  | Employment Offer Letter between Central Pacific Bank and Paul Yonamine, dated September 25, 2018 (previously filed on September 26, 2018 on a Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference)
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 **
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 **
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
* |  | Filed herewith.
** |  | Furnished herewith.

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