The carrying values of short-term financial instruments are deemed to approximate fair values. Such instruments are considered readily convertible to cash and include cash and due from financial institutions, interest-bearing deposits in other financial

The fair value of investment securities is based on market price quotations received from third-party pricing services. The third-party pricing services utilize pricing models supported with timely market data information. Where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable securities.

Fair values of loans are estimated based on discounted cash flows of portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics including the type of loan, interest terms and repayment history. Fair values are calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through estimated maturities using estimated market discount rates. Estimated market discount rates are reflective of credit and interest rate risks inherent in the Company's various loan types and are derived from available market information, as well as specific borrower information. As of September 30, 2022, the weighted average discount rate used in the valuation of loans was 8.00%. In accordance with ASU 2016-01, the fair value of loans are measured based on the notion of exit price.

The fair value of loans classified as held for sale are generally based upon quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, acceptance of firm offer letters with agreed upon purchase prices, discounted cash flow models that take into account market observable assumptions, or independent appraisals of the underlying collateral securing the loans. We report the fair values of Hawaii and U.S. Mainland construction and commercial real estate loans, if any, net of applicable selling costs on our consolidated balance sheets.

The fair values of deposits with no stated maturity, such as noninterest-bearing demand deposits and interest-bearing demand and savings accounts, are equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of time deposits is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses. As of September 30, 2022, the weighted average discount rate used in the valuation of time deposits was 4.09%. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated by discounting scheduled cash flows over the contractual borrowing period at the estimated market rate for similar borrowing arrangements. As of September 30, 2022, the weighted average discount rate used in the valuation of long-term debt was 7.09%.

The fair values of derivative financial instruments are based upon current market values, if available. If there are no relevant comparables, fair values are based on pricing models using current assumptions for interest rate swaps and options.

The fair values of off-balance sheet financial instruments are estimated based on the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties, current settlement values or quoted market prices of comparable instruments.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. For example, significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include deferred tax assets, premises and equipment and intangible assets.


					Fair Value Measurement Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	116,365	$	116,365	$	116,365	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	22,332		22,332		22,332		—		—
Investment securities	1,349,508		1,277,561		—		1,270,144		7,417
Loans held for sale	1,701		1,701		—		1,701		—
Loans, net of ACL	5,357,830		4,681,743		—		—		4,681,743

Accrued interest receivable	18,134		18,134		18,134		—		—

Financial liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand	2,138,083		2,138,083		2,138,083		—		—
Interest-bearing demand and savings and money market	3,636,293		3,636,293		3,636,293		—		—
Time	782,058		767,954		—		—		767,954
FHLB advances and other short-term borrowings	115,000		115,000		—		115,000		—
Long-term debt	105,799		94,793		—		—		94,793
Accrued interest payable (included in other liabilities)	2,341		2,341		2,341		—		—


							Fair Value Measurement Using
(dollars in thousands)	Notional Amount		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Derivatives:

Forward sale commitments	$	1,774	$	55	$	55	$	—	$	55	$	—
Risk participation agreements	37,033		—		—		—		—		—
Back-to-back swap agreements:
Assets	32,533		4,611		4,611		—		—		4,611
Liabilities	32,533		(4,611)		(4,611)		—		—		(4,611)
Interest rate swap agreements	115,545		6,916		6,916		—		—		6,916

Off-balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to extend credit	1,376,064		—		1,326		—		1,326		—
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written	5,347		—		80		—		80		—


					Fair Value Measurement Using
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	81,506	$	81,506	$	81,506	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	247,401		247,401		247,401		—		—
Investment securities	1,631,699		1,631,699		—		1,623,080		8,619
Loans held for sale	3,531		3,531		—		3,531		—
Loans, net of ACL	5,033,552		4,741,379		—		—		4,741,379

Accrued interest receivable	16,709		16,709		16,709		—		—

Financial liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand	2,291,246		2,291,246		2,291,246		—		—
Interest-bearing demand and savings and money market	3,641,180		3,641,180		3,641,180		—		—
Time	706,732		704,645		—		—		704,645

Long-term debt	105,616		94,588		—		—		94,588
Accrued interest payable (included in other liabilities)	1,122		1,122		1,122		—		—


							Fair Value Measurement Using
(dollars in thousands)	Notional Amount		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2021
Derivatives:

Forward sale commitments	$	3,525	$	1	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	—
Risk participation agreements	37,531		(16)		(16)		—		—		(16)
Back-to-back swap agreements:
Assets	33,112		435		435		—		—		435
Liabilities	33,112		(435)		(435)		—		—		(435)


Off-balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to extend credit	1,266,596		—		1,347		—		1,347		—
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written	6,634		—		100		—		100		—

We group our financial assets and liabilities at fair value into three levels based on the markets in which the financial assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value as follows:

•Level 1 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and shall be used to measure fair value whenever available.

•Level 2 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

•Level 3 — Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in

We base our fair values on the price that we would expect to receive if an asset were sold, or the price that we would expect to pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We also maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements.

We use fair value measurements to record adjustments to certain financial assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Available-for-sale securities and derivatives are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. From time to time, we may be required to record other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis such as loans held for sale, impaired loans, mortgage servicing rights, and other real estate owned. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of the lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

As discussed in Note 8 - Derivatives, during the first quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a forward starting interest rate swap which was measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs. There were no other transfers of financial assets and liabilities into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.


			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022







Available-for-sale securities:
Debt securities:
States and political subdivisions	$	139,476	$	—	$	132,794	$	6,682
Corporate securities	29,498		—		29,498		—
U.S. Treasury obligations and direct obligations of U.S. Government agencies	27,508		—		27,508		—
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities	432,285		—		432,285		—
Residential - Non-government agencies	8,933		—		8,198		735
Commercial - U.S. Government-sponsored entities	47,462		—		47,462		—
Commercial - Non-government agencies	1,519		—		1,519		—

Total available-for-sale investment securities	686,681		—		679,264		7,417



Derivatives:

Forward sale commitments	55		—		55		—


Interest rate swap agreements	6,916		—		—		6,916
Total derivatives	6,971		—		55		6,916
Total	$	693,652	$	—	$	679,319	$	14,333


			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale securities:
Debt securities:
States and political subdivisions	$	236,828	$	—	$	229,147	$	7,681
Corporate securities	40,646		—		40,646		—
U.S. Treasury obligations and direct obligations of U.S. Government agencies	35,334		—		35,334		—
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential - U.S. Government-sponsored entities	1,198,816		—		1,198,816		—
Residential - Non-government agencies	12,213		—		11,275		938
Commercial - U.S. Government-sponsored entities	65,849		—		65,849		—
Commercial - Non-government agencies	42,013		—		42,013		—

Total available-for-sale investment securities	1,631,699		—		1,623,080		8,619



Derivatives:
Interest rate lock commitments	1		—		1		—
Forward sale commitments	(16)		—		—		(16)



Total derivatives	(15)		—		1		(16)
Total	$	1,631,684	$	—	$	1,623,081	$	8,603


	Available-For-Sale Debt Securities:
(dollars in thousands)	States and Political Subdivisions		Residential - Non-Government Agencies		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	7,681	$	938	$	8,619
Principal payments received	(157)		(17)		(174)
Unrealized net loss included in other comprehensive income	(842)		(186)		(1,028)

Balance at September 30, 2022	$	6,682	$	735	$	7,417

Balance at December 31, 2020	$	11,337	$	989	$	12,326
Principal payments received	(2,787)		(16)		(2,803)
Unrealized net loss included in other comprehensive income	(714)		(45)		(759)

Balance at September 30, 2021	$	7,836	$	928	$	8,764

Within the states and political subdivisions available-for-sale debt securities category, the Company held two mortgage revenue bonds issued by the City & County of Honolulu had an aggregate fair value of $6.7 million and $7.7 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Within the other MBS non-agency category, the Company held two mortgage backed bonds issued by Habitat for Humanity with an aggregate fair value of $0.7 million and $0.9 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company estimates the aggregate fair value of $7.4 million and $8.6 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, by using a discounted cash flow model to calculate the present value of estimated future principal and interest payments.

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Company's City & County of Honolulu mortgage revenue bonds and Habitat for Humanity mortgage backed bonds is the weighted average discount rate. As of September 30, 2022, the weighted average discount rate utilized was 6.19%, compared to 3.46% at December 31, 2021, which was derived by incorporating a credit spread over the FHLB Fixed-Rate Advance curve. Significant increases (decreases) in the weighted average discount rate could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.