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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-33225

Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 20-5336063
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9811 Katy Freeway, Suite 1200, Houston, TX |  | 77024
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(346) 359-1010

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock (Par Value $0.0001) |  | GLDD |  | Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 3, 2023, 66,612,455 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $.0001 per share, were outstanding.

Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation and Subsidiaries

Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2023

INDEX

|  |  |  | Page
|  | Part I Financial Information (Unaudited) |  | 3
Item 1 |  | Financial Statements |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 |  | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 |  | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 |  | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 |  | 7
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 8
Item 2 |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 16
Item 3 |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 24
Item 4 |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 24
|  | Part II Other Information |  | 25
Item 1 |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 25
Item 1A |  | Risk Factors |  | 25
Item 2 |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 25
Item 3 |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 25
Item 4 |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 25
Item 5 |  | Other Information |  | 25
Item 6 |  | Exhibits |  | 26
|  | Signature |  | 27

2

P ART I — Financial Information

Item 1. F inancial Statements.

GREAT LAKES DREDGE & DOCK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

C ondensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 14,093 |  |  | $ | 6,546 |
Accounts receivable—net |  |  | 30,342 |  |  |  | 44,890 |
Contract revenues in excess of billings |  |  | 49,290 |  |  |  | 65,922 |
Inventories |  |  | 32,295 |  |  |  | 29,229 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 41,915 |  |  |  | 36,254 |
Total current assets |  |  | 167,935 |  |  |  | 182,841 |
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT—Net |  |  | 606,288 |  |  |  | 543,910 |
OPERATING LEASE ASSETS |  |  | 72,801 |  |  |  | 89,733 |
GOODWILL |  |  | 76,576 |  |  |  | 76,576 |
INVENTORIES—Noncurrent |  |  | 87,294 |  |  |  | 80,044 |
OTHER |  |  | 9,396 |  |  |  | 8,676 |
TOTAL |  | $ | 1,020,290 |  |  | $ | 981,780 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 74,324 |  |  | $ | 94,077 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 34,464 |  |  |  | 29,469 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 26,204 |  |  |  | 26,873 |
Billings in excess of contract revenues |  |  | 29,392 |  |  |  | 9,914 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 164,384 |  |  |  | 160,333 |
LONG-TERM DEBT |  |  | 321,933 |  |  |  | 321,521 |
REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY |  |  | 55,000 |  |  |  | — |
OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES—Noncurrent |  |  | 48,131 |  |  |  | 65,010 |
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES |  |  | 57,893 |  |  |  | 59,115 |
OTHER |  |  | 6,980 |  |  |  | 7,581 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 654,321 |  |  |  | 613,560 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8) |  |  |  |  |  |
EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock—$.0001 par value; 90,000 authorized, 66,612 and 66,188 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 6 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 315,767 |  |  |  | 312,091 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 48,662 |  |  |  | 56,314 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 1,533 |  |  |  | (191 | )
Total equity |  |  | 365,969 |  |  |  | 368,220 |
TOTAL |  | $ | 1,020,290 |  |  | $ | 981,780 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation and Subsidiaries

C ondensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Contract revenues |  | $ | 117,185 |  |  | $ | 158,346 |  |  | $ | 407,896 |  |  | $ | 502,123 |
Costs of contract revenues |  |  | 108,155 |  |  |  | 154,547 |  |  |  | 368,832 |  |  |  | 454,788 |
Gross profit |  |  | 9,030 |  |  |  | 3,799 |  |  |  | 39,064 |  |  |  | 47,335 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 14,188 |  |  |  | 13,292 |  |  |  | 41,667 |  |  |  | 38,716 |
Gain on sale of assets—net |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | (40 | ) |  |  | (296 | ) |  |  | (358 | )
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (5,123 | ) |  |  | (9,453 | ) |  |  | (2,307 | ) |  |  | 8,977 |
Interest expense—net |  |  | (2,762 | ) |  |  | (3,551 | ) |  |  | (9,322 | ) |  |  | (11,000 | )
Other income (expense) |  |  | (78 | ) |  |  | (253 | ) |  |  | 2,173 |  |  |  | (1,778 | )
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (7,963 | ) |  |  | (13,257 | ) |  |  | (9,456 | ) |  |  | (3,801 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  | 1,809 |  |  |  | 3,347 |  |  |  | 1,804 |  |  |  | 915 |
Net loss |  | $ | (6,154 | ) |  | $ | (9,910 | ) |  | $ | (7,652 | ) |  | $ | (2,886 | )
Basic loss per share |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.04 | )
Basic weighted average shares |  |  | 66,532 |  |  |  | 66,111 |  |  |  | 66,419 |  |  |  | 66,010 |
Diluted loss per share |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.04 | )
Diluted weighted average shares |  |  | 66,532 |  |  |  | 66,111 |  |  |  | 66,419 |  |  |  | 66,010 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation and Subsidiaries

C ondensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net loss |  | $ | (6,154 | ) |  | $ | (9,910 | ) |  | $ | (7,652 | ) |  | $ | (2,886 | )
Net change in cash flow derivative hedges—net of tax (1) |  | $ | 2,155 |  |  | $ | (7,222 | ) |  | $ | 1,724 |  |  | $ | (1,363 | )
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (3,999 | ) |  | $ | (17,132 | ) |  | $ | (5,928 | ) |  | $ | (4,249 | )

(1)
Net of income tax (provision) benefit of $(728) and $2,176 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net of income tax (provision) benefit of $(583) and $197 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation and Subsidiaries

C ondensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  | Shares of |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Total |
BALANCE—January 1, 2023 |  |  | 66,188 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 312,091 |  |  | $ | 56,314 |  |  | $ | (191 | ) |  | $ | 368,220 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 3,728 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,729 |
Vesting of restricted stock units and impact of shares withheld for taxes |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (603 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (603 | )
Exercise of options and purchases from employee stock plans |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 551 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 551 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,652 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,652 | )
Other comprehensive income—net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,724 |  |  |  | 1,724 |
BALANCE—September 30, 2023 |  |  | 66,612 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 315,767 |  |  | $ | 48,662 |  |  | $ | 1,533 |  |  | $ | 365,969 |
BALANCE—January 1, 2022 |  |  | 65,746 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 308,482 |  |  | $ | 90,369 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 398,997 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,837 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,837 |
Vesting of restricted stock units and impact of shares withheld for taxes |  |  | 212 |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,827 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,827 | )
Exercise of options and purchases from employee stock plans |  |  | 179 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,148 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,148 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,886 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | (2,886 | )
Other comprehensive loss —net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,363 | ) |  |  | (1,363 | )
BALANCE—September 30, 2022 |  |  | 66,167 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 310,640 |  |  | $ | 87,483 |  |  | $ | (1,223 | ) |  | $ | 396,906 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  | Shares of |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Total |
BALANCE—July 1, 2023 |  |  | 66,492 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 314,321 |  |  | $ | 54,816 |  |  | $ | (622 | ) |  | $ | 368,522 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,518 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,518 |
Vesting of restricted stock units and impact of shares withheld for taxes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (61 | )
Exercise of options and purchases from employee stock plans |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11 | )
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,154 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,154 | )
Other comprehensive income—net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,155 |  |  |  | 2,155 |
BALANCE—September 30, 2023 |  |  | 66,612 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 315,767 |  |  | $ | 48,662 |  |  | $ | 1,533 |  |  | $ | 365,969 |
BALANCE—July 1, 2022 |  |  | 66,083 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 308,790 |  |  |  | 97,393 |  |  |  | 5,999 |  |  |  | 412,188 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,285 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,285 |
Exercise of options and purchases from employee stock plans |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 565 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 565 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,910 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,910 | )
Other comprehensive loss—net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,222 | ) |  |  | (7,222 | )
BALANCE—September 30, 2022 |  |  | 66,167 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 310,640 |  |  | $ | 87,483 |  |  | $ | (1,223 | ) |  | $ | 396,906 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation and Subsidiaries

C ondensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (7,652 | ) |  | $ | (2,886 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 32,320 |  |  |  | 33,977 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (1,804 | ) |  |  | (915 | )
Gain on sale of assets |  |  | (296 | ) |  |  | (358 | )
Amortization of deferred financing fees |  |  | 724 |  |  |  | 900 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 4,209 |  |  |  | 2,837 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 15,654 |  |  |  | 14,284 |
Contract revenues in excess of billings |  |  | 16,632 |  |  |  | (21,794 | )
Inventories |  |  | (10,352 | ) |  |  | (13,642 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (3,613 | ) |  |  | (8,038 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | (11,005 | ) |  |  | (1,607 | )
Billings in excess of contract revenues |  |  | 19,478 |  |  |  | (9,363 | )
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities |  |  | (4,718 | ) |  |  | (46 | )
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | 49,577 |  |  |  | (6,651 | )
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (98,193 | ) |  |  | (102,568 | )
Proceeds from dispositions of property and equipment |  |  | 1,215 |  |  |  | 2,100 |
Cash used in investing activities |  |  | (96,978 | ) |  |  | (100,468 | )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred financing fees |  |  | — |  |  |  | (828 | )
Taxes paid on settlement of vested share awards |  |  | (603 | ) |  |  | (1,827 | )
Exercise of options and purchases from employee stock plans |  |  | 551 |  |  |  | 1,148 |
Borrowing under revolving loans |  |  | 120,000 |  |  |  | — |
Repayments of revolving loans |  |  | (65,000 | ) |  |  | — |
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 54,948 |  |  |  | (1,507 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 7,547 |  |  |  | (108,626 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 6,546 |  |  |  | 147,459 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 14,093 |  |  | $ | 38,833 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 10,742 |  |  | $ | 8,954 |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 1,265 |
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment purchased but not yet paid |  | $ | 5,191 |  |  | $ | 11,123 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

GREAT LAKES DREDGE & DOCK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

N OTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)

1.
Basis of presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation and Subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Great Lakes”) and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the SEC’s rules and regulations, although management believes that the disclosures are adequate and make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature (except as otherwise noted), that are necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and its results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been included.

The components of costs of contract revenues include labor, equipment (including depreciation, maintenance, insurance and long-term rentals), subcontracts, fuel, supplies, short-term rentals and project overhead. Hourly labor is generally hired on a project-by-project basis. Costs of contract revenues vary significantly depending on the type and location of work performed and assets utilized.

The Company has one operating segment which is also the Company’s reportable segment and reporting unit of which the Company tests goodwill for impairment. The Company performed its most recent test of impairment as of July 1, 2023 with no indication of impairment as of the test date. As of the test date, the fair value of the reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value by at least 10%. When performing the qua ntitative test, the Company assessed the fair values of its reporting unit using both a market-based approach and an income-based approach. The assessment used estimates based on assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable, but such assumptions are subject to unpredictability and uncertainty. Likewise, changes in terminal value and discount rate assumptions, unfavorable economic environment or market conditions and other factors in the future may cause a different assessment. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and may result in the impairment of goodwill in the event that actual results differ from those estimates. The Company will continue to monitor for changes in facts or circumstances that may impact its estimates. The Company will perform its next scheduled annual impairment test of goodwill in the third quarter of 2024.

The condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the interim periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

2.
Loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

8

The computations for basic and diluted loss per share are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net loss |  | $ | (6,154 | ) |  | $ | (9,910 | ) |  | $ | (7,652 | ) |  | $ | (2,886 | )
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — basic |  |  | 66,532 |  |  |  | 66,111 |  |  |  | 66,419 |  |  |  | 66,010 |
Effect of stock options and restricted stock units |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted |  |  | 66,532 |  |  |  | 66,111 |  |  |  | 66,419 |  |  |  | 66,010 |
Loss per share — basic |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.04 | )
Loss per share — diluted |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | (0.04 | )

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were 652 and 427, respectively, of stock options ("NQSOs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs") excluded from the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding because the Company incurred a loss during these periods. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were 309 and 478, respectively, of NQSOs and RSUs excluded from the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding because the Company incurred a loss during these periods.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were 262 and 528, respectively, of NQSOs and RSUs excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share based on the application of the treasury stock method, as such NQSOs and RSUs were determined to be anti-dilutive.

3.
Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Insurance |  | $ | 15,557 |  |  | $ | 17,808 |
Payroll and employee benefits |  |  | 8,113 |  |  |  | 2,062 |
Interest |  |  | 6,405 |  |  |  | 1,469 |
Contract reserves |  |  | 2,538 |  |  |  | 966 |
Other |  |  | 1,027 |  |  |  | 5,107 |
Income and other taxes |  |  | 824 |  |  |  | 1,419 |
Fuel hedge contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | 638 |
Total accrued expenses |  | $ | 34,464 |  |  | $ | 29,469 |

4.
Long-term debt

Credit agreement

On July 29, 2022, the Company, Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Company, LLC, NASDI Holdings, LLC, Great Lakes Environmental & Infrastructure Solutions, LLC, Great Lakes U.S. Fleet Management, LLC, and Drews Services LLC (collectively, the “Credit Parties”) entered into a second amended and restated revolving credit and security agreement (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Amended Credit Agreement”) with certain financial institutions from time to time party thereto as lenders, PNC Bank, National Association, as Agent (the “Agent”), PNC Capital Markets, CIBC Bank USA, Bank of America, N.A. and Truist Securities, Inc., as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, CIBC Bank USA and Truist Bank as Co-Syndication Agents, Bank of America, N.A., as Documentation Agent and PNC Bank National Association, as Green Loan Coordinator. The Amended Credit Agreement amends and restates the prior Amended Credit Agreement dated as of May 3, 2019 by and among the financial institutions from time to time party thereto as lenders, the Agent and the Credit Parties party thereto such that the terms and conditions of the prior credit agreement have been subsumed and replaced in their entirety by the terms and conditions of the Amended Credit Agreement, including the amount available under the revolving credit facility. The terms of the Amended Credit Agreement are summarized below.

The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $300,000 of which the full amount is available for the issuance of standby letters of credit. The maximum borrowing capacity under

9

the Amended Credit Agreement is determined by a formula and may fluctuate depending on the value of the collateral included in such formula at the time of determination. The Amended Credit Agreement also includes an increase option that will allow the Company to increase the senior secured revolving credit facility by an aggregate principal amount of up to $100,000. This increase is subject to lenders providing incremental commitments for such increase, the Credit Parties having adequate borrowing capacity and provided that no default or event of default exists both before and after giving effect to such incremental commitment increase.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains a green loan option where the Company can borrow at the lower interest rates described below so long as such funds are used to fund capital investments related to renewable energy and clean transportation projects and are consistent with green loan principles. The green loan option is subject to a $35,000 sublimit.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains customary representations and affirmative and negative covenants, including a springing financial covenant that requires the Credit Parties to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio (ratio of earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization, net interest expenses, non-cash charges and losses and certain other non-recurring charges, minus capital expenditures, income and franchise taxes, to net cash interest expense plus scheduled cash principal payments with respect to debt plus restricted payments paid in cash) of not less than 1.10 to 1.00. The springing financial covenant is triggered when the undrawn availability of the Amended Credit Agreement is less than 12.5% of the maximum loan amount for five consecutive days. The Amended Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default (including non-payment of principal or interest on any material debt and breaches of covenants) as well as events of default relating to certain actions by the Company’s surety bonding providers. The obligations of the Credit Parties under the Amended Credit Agreement will be unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by each existing and subsequently acquired or formed material direct and indirect domestic subsidiary of the Company. Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement will be used to pay fees and expenses related to the Amended Credit Agreement, finance acquisitions permitted under the Amended Credit Agreement, finance ongoing working capital, for other general corporate purposes, and with respect to any green loan, fund capital investments related to renewable energy and clean transportation projects. The Amended Credit Agreement matures on the earlier of July 29, 2027 or the date that is ninety-one (91) days prior to the scheduled maturity date of the Company’s unsecured senior notes, which is currently June 1, 2029, if the Company fails to refinance its unsecured senior notes prior to their scheduled maturity date but only if such scheduled maturity date is prior to the maturity date of the Amended Credit Agreement.

The obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Credit Parties. The outstanding obligations thereunder shall be secured by a valid first priority perfected lien on substantially all of the U.S. flagged and located vessels of the Credit Parties and a valid perfected lien on all domestic accounts receivable and substantially all other assets of the Credit Parties, subject to the permitted liens and interests of other parties (including the Company’s surety bonding providers).

Interest on the senior secured revolving credit facility of the Amended Credit Agreement is equal to either a Domestic Rate option or Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) option, at the Company’s election. As of July 29, 2022, (a) the Domestic Rate option is the highest of (1) the base commercial lending rate of PNC Bank, National Association, as publicly announced, (2) the sum of the overnight bank funding rate plus 0.5% and (3) the sum of the daily simple SOFR plus 1.0%, so long as a daily Simple SOFR is offered, ascertainable and not unlawful and (b) the SOFR option is the rate that applies for the applicable interest period determined by the Agent and based on the rate published by the CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited (or a successor administrator). After the date on which a borrowing base certificate is required to be delivered under Section 9.2 of the Amended Credit Agreement (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2022), the Domestic Rate option will be the Domestic Rate plus an interest margin ranging between 0.25% and 0.75% and the SOFR option will be the SOFR plus an interest margin ranging between 1.25% and 1.75%, in each case, depending on the quarterly average undrawn availability on the Amended Credit Agreement. Additionally, the Company will have an option to borrow at Green Loan Advance Rates, each of which will be 0.05% lower than the corresponding applicable rate if the Company certifies that it will use such proceeds to invest in renewable energy and clean transportation projects and it complies with green loan principles.

The Company had $55,000 and no borrowings on the revolver as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. There were $49,653 and $16,391 of letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company had $157,444 and $245,713 of availability under the Amended Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Availability is suppressed by $37,903 and $37,897, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as a result of certain limitations of borrowing related to reserves and compliance with the Company's obligations set forth in the Amended Credit Agreement.

Senior Notes and subsidiary guarantors

In May 2021, the Company sold $325,000 of unsecured 5.25% Senior Notes (the “2029 Notes”) pursuant to a private offering. The 2029 Notes were priced to investors at par and will mature on June 1, 2029. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering, together with cash on hand, to redeem all $325,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 8.000% Senior Notes due 2022.

The Company’s obligations under these 2029 Notes are guaranteed by each of the Company’s existing and future 100% owned domestic subsidiaries that are co-borrowers or guarantors under the Amended Credit Agreement. Such guarantees are full,

10

unconditional and joint and several. The parent company issuer has no independent assets or operations and all non-guarantor subsidiaries have been determined to be minor.

5.
Fair value measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy has been established by GAAP that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The accounting guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Company is exposed to counterparty credit risk associated with non-performance of its various derivative instruments. The Company’s risk would be limited to any unrealized gains on current positions. To help mitigate this risk, the Company transacts only with counterparties that are rated as investment grade or higher. In addition, all counterparties are monitored on a continuous basis.

The Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. At times, the Company holds certain derivative contracts that it uses to manage commodity price risk or foreign currency risk. The Company does not hold or issue derivatives for speculative or trading purposes. The fair values of these financial instruments are summarized as follows:

|  |  |  | Fair Value at |
|  | Fair Value Hierarchy Levels |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
|  |  |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel hedge contracts |  | 2 |  | $ | 2,868 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 638 |
Foreign currency exchange hedge contracts |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 831 |  |  |  | 6 |
Total derivatives |  |  |  | $ | 2,868 |  |  | $ | 374 |  |  | $ | 831 |  |  | $ | 644 |

Fuel hedge contracts

The Company is exposed to certain market risks, primarily commodity price risk as it relates to diesel fuel purchase requirements, which occur in the normal course of business. The Company enters into heating oil commodity swap contracts to hedge the risk that fluctuations in diesel fuel prices could have an adverse impact on cash flows associated with its domestic dredging contracts. The Company’s goal is to hedge approximately 80% of the eligible fuel requirements for work in dredging backlog.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company was party to various swap arrangements to hedge the price of a portion of its diesel fuel purchase requirements for work in its backlog to be performed through March 2025. As of September 30, 2023, there were 12.6 million gallons remaining on these contracts representing forecasted domestic fuel purchases through March 2025. Under these swap agreements, the Company will pay fixed prices ranging from $2.34 to $3.22 per gallon.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value asset and liability of the fuel hedge contracts were estimated to be $2,868 and $638, respectively, and are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets and accrued expenses, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For fuel hedge contracts considered to be highly effective, the losses reclassified to earnings from changes in fair value of derivatives, net of cash settlements and taxes, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $1,507. The remaining gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at September 30, 2023 will be reclassified into earnings over the next eighteen months, corresponding to the period during which the hedged fuel is expected to be utilized. Changes in the fair value of fuel hedge contracts not considered highly effective are recorded as cost of contract revenues in the

11

statement of operations. The fair values of fuel hedges are corroborated using inputs that are readily observable in public markets; therefore, the Company determines fair value of these fuel hedges using Level 2 inputs.

Foreign currency exchange hedge contracts

The Company is exposed to certain market risks, including foreign currency exchange rate risks related to the purchase of new vessel build materials in Europe. The Company enters into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to hedge the risk that fluctuations in the Euro in relation to the US Dollar could have an adverse impact on cash flows associated with its equipment builds.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company was party to various foreign exchange forward contract arrangements to hedge the purchase of materials through November 2024. As of September 30, 2023, there were 23.7 million Euro of payments remaining on these hedge contracts. Under these hedge contracts, the Company will pay fixed prices ranging from $1.01 to $1.13 per Euro.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value liability and asset of foreign currency exchange hedge contracts were estimated to be $374 and $831, respectively, and are recorded in accrued expenses and prepaid expenses and other current assets, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2022, the fair value liability of foreign currency exchange hedge contracts was estimated to be $6 and is recorded in accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For foreign currency exchange hedge contracts considered to be highly effective, the gains reclassified to earnings from changes in fair value of derivatives, net of cash settlements and taxes, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $519. The remaining gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at September 30, 2023 will be reclassified into earnings over the next fourteen months, corresponding to the period during which the hedged currency is expected to be utilized. Changes in the fair value of foreign currency exchange hedge contracts not considered highly effective are recorded as other expenses in the statement of operations. The fair values of foreign currency exchange hedges are corroborated using inputs that are readily observable in public markets; therefore, the Company determines the fair value of these foreign currency exchange hedges using Level 2 inputs.

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Changes in the components of the accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel Hedge Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification of derivative (gains) losses to earnings—net of tax |  |  | (297 | ) |  |  | (2,358 | ) |  |  | 1,507 |  |  | $ | (9,558 | )
Change in fair value of derivatives—net of tax |  |  | 3,271 |  |  |  | (3,590 | ) |  |  | 1,113 |  |  |  | 9,228 |
Net change in cash flow derivative fuel hedges—net of tax |  | $ | 2,974 |  |  | $ | (5,948 | ) |  | $ | 2,620 |  |  | $ | (330 | )
Foreign Currency Exchange Hedge Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification of derivative gains to earnings—net of tax |  | $ | (198 | ) |  | $ | (196 | ) |  | $ | (519 | ) |  | $ | (196 | )
Change in fair value of derivatives—net of tax |  |  | (621 | ) |  |  | (1,078 | ) |  |  | (377 | ) |  |  | (837 | )
Net change in cash flow derivative foreign currency hedges—net of tax |  | $ | (819 | ) |  | $ | (1,274 | ) |  | $ | (896 | ) |  | $ | (1,033 | )
Total net change in cash flow derivative hedges - net of tax |  | $ | 2,155 |  |  | $ | (7,222 | ) |  | $ | 1,724 |  |  | $ | (1,363 | )

Adjustments reclassified from accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings are as follows:

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | Statement of Operations Location |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel hedge contracts |  | Costs of contract revenues |  | $ | (649 | ) |  | $ | (3,154 | ) |  | $ | 1,425 |  |  | $ | (12,786 | )
Foreign currency exchange hedge contracts |  | Other income (expense) |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  |  | (437 | ) |  |  | — |
|  | Income tax provision |  |  | (167 | ) |  |  | (600 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,032 | )
|  |  |  | $ | (495 | ) |  | $ | (2,554 | ) |  | $ | 988 |  |  | $ | (9,754 | )

Other financial instruments

The carrying value of financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Based on timing of the cash flows and comparison to current market interest rates, the carrying

12

value of the revolving credit agreement approximates fair value. In May 2021, the Company sold $325,000 of the 2029 Notes, which were outstanding at September 30, 2023 (see Note 4, Long-term debt). The fair value of the 2029 Notes was $266,565 at September 30, 2023, which is a Level 1 fair value measurement as the senior notes’ value was obtained using quoted prices in active markets. It is impracticable to determine the fair value of outstanding letters of credit or performance, bid and payment bonds due to uncertainties as to the amount and timing of future obligations, if any.

6.
Share-based compensation

On May 5, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), which previously had been approved by the Company’s board of directors subject to stockholder approval. The Incentive Plan replaces the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Prior Plan”) and is largely based on the Prior Plan, but with updates to the available shares and other administrative changes. The Incentive Plan permits the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units to the Company’s employees and directors for up to 1.5 million shares of common stock, plus the number of shares that remained available for future grant under the Prior Plan as of the effectiveness of the Incentive Plan.

The Prior Plan permitted the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units to the Company’s employees and directors for up to 3.3 million shares of common stock, plus an additional 1.7 million shares underlying equity awards issued under the 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The Company may also issue share-based compensation as inducement awards to new employees upon approval of the Board of Directors and/or the applicable committee or committees thereof, as may be required.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted 960 thousand restricted stock units to certain employees. In addition, all non-employee directors on the Company’s board of directors are paid a portion of their board-related compensation in stock grants or restricted stock units. Compensation cost charged to expense related to share-based compensation arrangements was $1,773 and $1,285 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Compensation cost charged to expense related to share-based compensation arrangements was $4,209 and $2,837 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

7.
Revenue

At September 30, 2023, the Company had $1,033.7 million of remaining performance obligations, which the Company refers to as total dredging backlog. Total dredging backlog does not include approximately $50.0 million of performance obligations related to offshore wind contracts or approximately $225.0 million of domestic low bids pending formal award and additional phases (“options”) pending on projects currently in dredging backlog at September 30, 2023. Approximately 19% of the Company’s dredging backlog is expected to be completed in 2023 with the remaining balance expected to be completed between 2024 and 2026.

Revenue by category

The following series of tables presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by several categories.

Domestically, the Company’s work generally is performed in coastal waterways and deep-water ports. The U.S. dredging market consists of four primary types of work: capital, coastal protection, maintenance and rivers & lakes. Foreign projects typically involve capital work.

The Company’s contract revenues by type of work, for the periods indicated, are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
Revenues |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Dredging: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital—U.S. |  | $ | 54,602 |  |  | $ | 90,574 |  |  | $ | 125,234 |  |  | $ | 281,278 |
Coastal protection |  |  | 23,567 |  |  |  | 36,934 |  |  |  | 131,362 |  |  |  | 153,970 |
Maintenance |  |  | 33,816 |  |  |  | 26,202 |  |  |  | 141,553 |  |  |  | 58,662 |
Rivers & lakes |  |  | 5,200 |  |  |  | 4,636 |  |  |  | 9,747 |  |  |  | 8,213 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 117,185 |  |  | $ | 158,346 |  |  | $ | 407,896 |  |  | $ | 502,123 |

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The Company’s contract revenues by type of customer, for the periods indicated, are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
Revenues |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Dredging: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal government |  | $ | 78,681 |  |  | $ | 62,228 |  |  | $ | 328,211 |  |  | $ | 325,162 |
State and local government |  |  | 33,316 |  |  |  | 91,544 |  |  |  | 74,497 |  |  |  | 167,067 |
Private |  |  | 5,188 |  |  |  | 4,574 |  |  |  | 5,188 |  |  |  | 9,894 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 117,185 |  |  | $ | 158,346 |  |  | $ | 407,896 |  |  | $ | 502,123 |

Accounts receivable at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Completed contracts |  | $ | 1,530 |  |  | $ | 4,682 |
Contracts in progress |  |  | 18,172 |  |  |  | 32,546 |
Retainage |  |  | 11,204 |  |  |  | 8,226 |
|  |  | 30,906 |  |  |  | 45,454 |
Allowance for credit losses |  |  | (564 | ) |  |  | (564 | )
Total accounts receivable—net |  | $ | 30,342 |  |  | $ | 44,890 |

The components of contracts in progress at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Costs and earnings in excess of billings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs and earnings for contracts in progress |  | $ | 296,736 |  |  | $ | 262,125 |
Amounts billed |  |  | (263,110 | ) |  |  | (210,068 | )
Costs and earnings in excess of billings for contracts in progress |  |  | 33,626 |  |  |  | 52,057 |
Costs and earnings in excess of billings for completed contracts |  |  | 15,664 |  |  |  | 14,972 |
Total contract revenues in excess of billings |  | $ | 49,290 |  |  | $ | 67,029 |
Current portion of contract revenues in excess of billings |  | $ | 49,290 |  |  | $ | 65,922 |
Long-term contract revenues in excess of billings |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,107 |
Total contract revenues in excess of billings |  | $ | 49,290 |  |  | $ | 67,029 |
Billings in excess of costs and earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts billed |  | $ | (257,790 | ) |  | $ | (95,013 | )
Costs and earnings for contracts in progress |  |  | 228,398 |  |  |  | 85,099 |
Total billings in excess of contract revenues |  | $ | (29,392 | ) |  | $ | (9,914 | )

In the nine months ending September 30, 2022, a revision to the estimated gross profit percentage of a project was recognized due to a positive settlement of a claim from the recently completed project resulting in a cumulative net impact on the project margin, which increased gross profit by $17,362.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, costs to fulfill a contract with a customer recognized as an asset were $19,771 and $4,472, respectively, and are recorded in other current assets and other noncurrent assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. These costs relate to pre-contract and pre-construction activities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company amortized $1,594 and $6,582, respectively, of pre-construction costs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company amortized $2,856 and $7,308, respectively, of pre-construction costs.

8.
Commitments and contingencies

Commercial commitments

Performance and bid bonds are customarily required for dredging and marine construction projects. The Company has bonding agreements with Argonaut Insurance Company, ACE Holdings, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company and Philadelphia Indemnity Insurance Company, under which the Company can obtain performance, bid and payment bonds. The Company also has outstanding

14

bonds with Travelers Casualty, Berkley Insurance Company and Zurich American Insurance Company. Bid bonds are generally obtained for a percentage of bid value and amounts outstanding typically range from $1,000 to $10,000. At September 30, 2023, the Company had outstanding performance bonds with a notional amount of approximately $1,073,863. The revenue value remaining in dredging backlog related to the outstanding performance bonds totaled approximately $594,903.

Certain foreign projects performed by the Company have warranty periods, typically spanning no more than one to three years beyond project completion, whereby the Company retains responsibility to maintain the project site to certain specifications during the warranty period. Generally, any potential liability of the Company is mitigated by insurance, shared responsibilities with consortium partners, and/or recourse to owner-provided specifications.

Legal proceedings and other contingencies

As is customary with negotiated contracts and modifications or claims to competitively bid contracts with the federal government, the government has the right to audit the books and records of the Company to ensure compliance with such contracts, modifications, or claims, and the applicable federal laws. The government has the ability to seek a price adjustment based on the results of such audit. Any such audits have not had, and are not expected to have, a material impact on the financial position, operations, or cash flows of the Company.

Various legal actions, claims, assessments and other contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business are pending against the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. The Company will defend itself vigorously on all matters. These matters are subject to many uncertainties, and it is possible that some of these matters could ultimately be decided, resolved, or settled adversely to the Company. Although the Company is subject to various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business, except as described below, the Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings or environmental claims. The Company records an accrual when it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company does not believe any of its proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, would be expected to have a material effect on results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

On April 23, 2014, the Company completed the sale of NASDI, LLC (“NASDI”) and Yankee Environmental Services, LLC (“Yankee”), which together comprised the Company’s historical demolition business, to a privately-owned demolition company. The Company has been involved in litigation relating to this sale, and on April 11, 2022 the Supreme Court of Delaware affirmed an earlier decision by Delaware Court of Chancery granting the Company a $21,934 judgment relating to the buyer's default of its obligations to indemnify the Company for losses resulting from failure to perform in accordance with terms of a surety performance bond. Following this judgment, the Company continued to aggressively pursue collection from the buyer on outstanding amounts owed under the sale and the indemnification. On April 24, 2023, the Company settled the remaining litigation related to the sale and subsequent buyer's default of its obligations to indemnify the Company for losses resulting from failure to perform in accordance with terms of a surety performance bond. The settlement called for a one-time payment to the Company from entities affiliated with the buyer in the amount of $1,250, a disbursement to the Company from a litigation escrow account in the amount of $680 and a release of funds retained by New York City to the Company in connection with a pre-purchase construction project which is expected to be $800 after the payment of related expenses. In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $2,410 benefit in cost of contract revenues and $784 in other income related to the settlement and the release of certain liabilities related to the original sale. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has received $1,930 of the settlement, with the $800 yet to be released by New York City. This amount is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Lease obligations

The Company leases certain operating equipment and office facilities under long-term operating leases expiring at various dates through 2030. The equipment leases contain renewal or purchase options that specify prices at the then fair value upon the expiration of the lease terms. The leases also contain default provisions that are triggered by an acceleration of debt maturity under the terms of the Company’s Amended Credit Agreement, or, in certain instances, cross default to other equipment leases and certain lease arrangements require that the Company maintain certain financial ratios comparable to those required by its Amended Credit Agreement. Additionally, the leases typically contain provisions whereby the Company indemnifies the lessors for the tax treatment attributable to such leases based on the tax rules in place at lease inception. The tax indemnifications do not have a contractual dollar limit. To date, no lessors have asserted any claims against the Company under these tax indemnification provisions.

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Item 2. M anagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute “forward-looking” statements as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”) or in releases made by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), all as may be amended from time to time. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Great Lakes” or the “Company”), or industry results, to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as the words “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “may,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “seeks,” or “scheduled to,” or other similar words, or the negative of these terms or other variations of these terms or comparable language, or by discussion of strategy or intentions.

These cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the PSLRA with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of such laws. Great Lakes cautions investors that any forward-looking statements made by Great Lakes are not guarantees or indicative of future performance. Important assumptions and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements with respect to Great Lakes, include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties that are described in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of Great Lakes’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and in other securities filings by Great Lakes with the SEC.

Although Great Lakes believes that its plans, intentions, and expectations reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from a projection or assumption in any forward-looking statements. Great Lakes’ future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and inherent risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are made only as of the date hereof and Great Lakes does not have or undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise, unless otherwise required by law.

General

Great Lakes is the largest provider of dredging services in the United States which is complemented with a long history of performing significant international projects. The Company is also fully engaged in expanding its core business into the rapidly developing offshore wind energy industry. The Company operates in one operating segment, which is also the Company’s one reportable segment and reporting unit.

Dredging generally involves the enhancement or preservation of the navigability of waterways or the protection of shorelines through the removal or replenishment of soil, sand or rock. Domestically, the Company's work generally is performed in coastal waterways and deep water ports. The U.S. dredging market consists of four primary types of work: capital, coastal protection, maintenance and rivers & lakes.

The Company’s bid market is defined as the aggregate dollar value of domestic dredging projects on which the Company bid or could have bid if not for capacity constraints or other considerations (“bid market”). The Company experienced an average combined bid market share in the U.S. of 35% over the prior three years, including 39%, 59%, 21% and 30% of the domestic capital, coastal protection, maintenance and rivers & lakes sectors, respectively, exclusive of liquefied natural gas ("LNG") projects.

The Company’s largest domestic customer is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the “Corps”), which has responsibility for federally funded projects related to navigation and flood control of U.S. waterways. In the first nine months of 2023, the Company’s dredging revenues earned from contracts with federal government agencies, including the Corps as well as other federal entities such as the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Navy were approximately 80% of dredging revenues, above the Company’s prior three-year average of 75%.

The Company’s vessels are subject to periodic regulatory dry dock inspections to verify that the vessels have been maintained in accordance with the rules of the U.S. Coast Guard and the American Bureau of Shipping (“ABS”) and that recommended repairs have been satisfactorily completed. Regulatory dry dock frequency is a statutory requirement mandated by the U.S. Coast Guard and the ABS. The Company’s vessels undergo regulatory dry-docks every two to three years or every five years, depending on the vessel type and may also go into dry dock on an as-needed basis for upgrades, maintenance and repairs. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company returned to work one of the vessels that was dry docked for regulatory inspections as of June 30, 2023. The other vessel that was dry docked as of June 30, 2023 is scheduled to return to work in the fourth quarter of 2023. One other vessel was dry docked for maintenance and repairs and returned to work during the third quarter of 2023. By comparison, the Company experienced regulatory

16

dry dock inspections on three dredges in the third quarter of 2022, two of which remained in regulatory dry dock at quarter end. An additional vessel was out for repairs during the period that returned to work in the fourth quarter of 2022.

In 2022, the Company retired the 42-year-old hopper dredge, the Terrapin Island. During 2023, the Company has continued to remain focused on cost reductions and fleet adjustments. In addition to adjusting its general and administrative and overhead cost structures, beginning in 2023, the Company chose to temporarily cold stack some of its equipment with minimal crews and cost to adjust to the then current difficult market conditions. The equipment can be easily reactivated when market conditions are favorable for the Company. As of the end of the third quarter of 2023, the Company had two major dredges cold stacked.

The Company plans to participate in the offshore wind market, and in November 2021, the Company entered into a $197 million contract with Philly Shipyard to build the first U.S. flagged Jones Act compliant, inclined fall-pipe vessel for subsea rock installation for wind turbine foundations, the Acadia, which is expected to be delivered and operational in 2025. This vessel represents a significant critical advancement in building the U.S. logistics infrastructure to support the future of the new U.S. offshore wind industry. The Company has begun bidding on select projects in the offshore wind market and on July 14, 2022, the Company, in consortium with Van Oord, entered into its first contract with Empire Offshore Wind, a joint venture between Equinor and BP, to perform subsea rock installation work for the Empire I and Empire II offshore wind farms in New York with estimated installation windows in 2025 and 2026. These wind farms are expected to provide over 2 Gigawatts (“GW”) of renewable energy to the state of New York, which is expected to be enough renewable energy to power more than one million households in New York. New York continues to take steps forward in meeting their renewable energy goals with the announcement on October 24, 2023 of three new project awards with the capacity of approximately 4 GW of offshore wind energy and a new accelerated fourth bid round for additional power purchase agreements was announced for early 2024. The Company continues to monitor developments with power purchase agreements after the refusal by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority to renegotiate the agreements for Equinor and BP's Empire Wind I and II projects and Orsted's Sunrise Wind project. The Company expects updates from Equinor in the fourth quarter on potential impacts to their development plans for the Empire Wind projects. The U.S. offshore wind market has seen other projects delayed or cancelled due to higher interest rates and inflation.

Offshore wind has been recognized around the world as a reliable source of renewable energy. Globally installed offshore wind capacity is targeted to reach about 260 GW by 2030, up from 40 GW in 2020. In 2021, the Biden Administration announced the ambitious goal of 30 GW of offshore wind by 2030 and provided $3.0 billion in federal loan guarantees for offshore wind projects. In July 2023, the Federal Government further showed their support for offshore wind by providing approval for New Jersey’s first offshore wind farm to begin construction, which is the first of at least three more projects that the state has planned on the East Coast. Also in August 2023, the Department of the Interior held the first-ever offshore wind lease sale in the Gulf of Mexico. The Company continues to tender bids on multiple offshore wind projects for the Acadia, our subsea rock installation vessel.

The Company has one operating segment, which is also the Company’s one reportable segment and reporting unit.

Results of operations

The following tables set forth the components of net loss and Adjusted EBITDA, as defined below, as a percentage of contract revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |
Contract revenues |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 |  | % |  | 100.0 |  | %
Costs of contract revenues |  |  | (92.3 | ) |  |  | (97.6 | ) |  |  | (90.4 | ) |  |  | (90.6 | ) |
Gross profit |  |  | 7.7 |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 9.6 |  |  |  | 9.4 |  |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 12.1 |  |  |  | 8.4 |  |  |  | 10.2 |  |  |  | 7.7 |  |
Gain on sale of assets—net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (4.4 | ) |  |  | (6.0 | ) |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | 1.8 |  |
Interest expense—net |  |  | (2.4 | ) |  |  | (2.2 | ) |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | (2.2 | ) |
Other income (expense) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (6.9 | ) |  |  | (8.4 | ) |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | (0.8 | ) |
Income tax benefit |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 2.1 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |
Net loss |  |  | (5.4 | ) |  |  | (6.3 | ) |  |  | (1.9 | ) | % |  | (0.6 | ) | %
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 4.6 | % |  |  | 0.8 | % |  |  | 7.9 |  | % |  | 8.2 |  | %

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Adjusted EBITDA, as provided herein, represents net income (loss) from continuing operations, adjusted for net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, debt extinguishment, accelerated maintenance expense for new international deployments, goodwill or asset impairments and gains on bargain purchase acquisitions. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure derived in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company presents Adjusted EBITDA as an additional measure by which to evaluate the Company’s operating trends. The Company believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a measure frequently used to evaluate performance of companies with substantial leverage and that the Company’s primary stakeholders (i.e., its stockholders, bondholders and banks) use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the Company’s period to period performance. Additionally, management believes that Adjusted EBITDA provides a transparent measure of the Company’s recurring operating performance and allows management and investors to readily view operating trends, perform analytical comparisons and identify strategies to improve operating performance. For this reason, the Company uses a measure based upon Adjusted EBITDA to assess performance for purposes of determining compensation under the Company’s incentive plan. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, amounts determined in accordance with GAAP including: (a) operating income as an indicator of operating performance; or (b) cash flows from operations as a measure of liquidity. As such, the Company’s use of Adjusted EBITDA, instead of a GAAP measure, has limitations as an analytical tool, including the inability to determine profitability or liquidity due to the exclusion of accelerated maintenance expense for new international deployments, goodwill or asset impairments, gains on bargain purchase acquisitions, interest and income tax expense and the associated significant cash requirements and the exclusion of depreciation and amortization, which represent significant and unavoidable operating costs given the level of indebtedness and capital expenditures needed to maintain the Company’s business. For these reasons, the Company uses operating income (loss) to measure the Company’s operating performance and uses Adjusted EBITDA only as a supplement. The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (6,154 | ) |  | $ | (9,910 | ) |  | $ | (7,652 | ) |  | $ | (2,886 | )
Adjusted for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense—net |  |  | 2,762 |  |  |  | 3,551 |  |  |  | 9,322 |  |  |  | 11,000 |
Income tax benefit |  |  | (1,809 | ) |  |  | (3,347 | ) |  |  | (1,804 | ) |  |  | (915 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 10,533 |  |  |  | 11,047 |  |  |  | 32,320 |  |  |  | 33,977 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 5,332 |  |  | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 32,186 |  |  | $ | 41,176 |

The Company’s contract revenues by type of work, for the periods indicated, were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
Revenues (in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Dredging: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital—U.S. |  | $ | 54,602 |  |  | $ | 90,574 |  |  |  | (39.7 | )% |  | $ | 125,234 |  |  | $ | 281,278 |  |  |  | (55.5 | )%
Coastal protection |  |  | 23,567 |  |  |  | 36,934 |  |  |  | (36.2 | )% |  |  | 131,362 |  |  |  | 153,970 |  |  |  | (14.7 | )%
Maintenance |  |  | 33,816 |  |  |  | 26,202 |  |  |  | 29.1 | % |  |  | 141,553 |  |  |  | 58,662 |  |  |  | 141.3 | %
Rivers & lakes |  |  | 5,200 |  |  |  | 4,636 |  |  |  | 12.2 | % |  |  | 9,747 |  |  |  | 8,213 |  |  |  | 18.7 | %
Total revenues |  | $ | 117,185 |  |  | $ | 158,346 |  |  |  | (26.0 | )% |  | $ | 407,896 |  |  | $ | 502,123 |  |  |  | (18.8 | )%

Total revenue was $117.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, down $41.1 million, or 26%, from $158.3 million for the same period in the prior year. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced a decrease in domestic capital project and coastal protection revenue as compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in maintenance revenues during the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total revenue was $407.9 million, down from revenue of $502.1 million for the same period in the prior year, representing a decrease of $94.2 million or 19%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced a decrease in domestic capital and coastal protection project revenue as compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in maintenance revenues during the current period as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Capital dredging consists primarily of port expansion projects, which involve the deepening of channels and berthing basins to allow access by larger, deeper draft ships and the provision of land fill used to expand port facilities. In addition to port work, capital projects also include coastal restoration and land reclamations, trench digging for pipelines, tunnels and cables, and other dredging related to the construction of breakwaters, jetties, canals and other marine structures. For the three months ended September 30, 2023,

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domestic capital dredging revenue was $54.6 million, down $36.0 million, or 40%, compared to $90.6 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease in capital dredging revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was mostly due to a lower amount of revenue earned on projects in Texas, Florida, South Carolina, New York, New Jersey and Alabama in the third quarter of 2023 when compared to the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, domestic capital revenue was $125.2 million compared to $281.3 million for the same period in 2022, representing a decrease of $156.1 million, or 55%. The decrease in capital dredging revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was mostly due to a lower amount of revenue earned on projects in Massachusetts, Florida, South Carolina, Texas, New Hampshire, Alabama, New York and New Jersey in the current year period when compared to the prior year. This decrease was slightly offset by increased revenue earned on projects in Virginia in the current year.

Coastal protection projects involve moving sand from the ocean floor to shoreline locations where erosion threatens shoreline assets. Coastal protection revenue for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was $23.6 million, a decrease of $13.3 million, or 36%, compared to $36.9 million in the prior year period. The decrease in coastal protection revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was attributable to a decrease in the amount of revenue earned on projects in North Carolina in the current year when compared to the prior year period. This decrease was partially offset by revenue earned on projects in Florida, New York and New Jersey in the current quarter. Coastal protection revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $131.4 million, representing a decrease of $22.6 million or 15%, from $154.0 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease in coastal protection revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was mostly due to less revenue earned on projects in North Carolina in the current year. This decrease was offset partially by a greater amount of revenue earned on projects in New York and New Jersey in the current year period when compared to the prior year.

Maintenance dredging consists of the re-dredging of previously deepened waterways and harbors to remove silt, sand and other accumulated sediments. Due to natural sedimentation, most channels generally require maintenance dredging every one to three years, thus creating a recurring source of dredging work that is typically non-deferrable if optimal navigability is to be maintained. In addition, severe weather such as hurricanes, flooding and droughts can also cause the accumulation of sediments and drive the need for maintenance dredging. Maintenance revenue for the third quarter of 2023 was $33.8 million, up $7.6 million, or 29%, from $26.2 million in the same period of 2022. The increase in maintenance revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was mostly attributable to an increase in revenue earned on projects in Florida, Mississippi, Texas and Puerto Rico when compared with prior year quarter. This increase was slightly offset by a decrease in revenue earned on projects in Louisiana and North Carolina in the current year quarter. Maintenance revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $141.6 million, an increase of $82.9 million, or 141%, compared to $58.7 million for the comparable period in the prior year. The increase in maintenance revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was mostly due to a higher amount of revenue earned on projects in Florida, North Carolina, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi and Puerto Rico in the current year period when compared to the prior year. This decrease was slightly offset by less revenue earned on projects in Louisiana in the current year.

Rivers & lakes dredging and related operations typically consist of lake and river dredging, inland levee and construction dredging, environmental restoration and habitat improvement and other marine construction projects. During the third quarter of 2023, rivers & lakes revenue was $5.2 million, an increase of $0.6 million, or 12%, from $4.6 million during the same period of 2022. Rivers & lakes revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $9.7 million, up $1.5 million, or 19%, from $8.2 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in river & lakes revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was mostly attributable to an increase in revenue earned on projects in Arkansas in the current year. This increase was partially offset by revenue earned on a project in Mississippi in the prior year.

Consolidated gross profit for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was $9.0 million, up $5.2 million, or 137%, compared to $3.8 million in same period of 2022. Gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased to 7.7% from 2.4% in the same period in the prior year. The higher gross profit experienced for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was driven by operating costs that were significantly lower due to the Company's continued focus on cost reduction, as well improved project performance and fewer higher margin generating hopper dredge drydockings in the current year quarter. Consolidated gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $39.1 million, down $8.2 million, or 17%, compared to $47.3 million in the same period of the prior year. Gross profit margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased to 9.6% from 9.4% in the same period in the prior year. The lower gross profit experienced for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was driven by lower revenue and fewer higher margin domestic capital projects.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, general and administrative expenses were $14.2 million and $41.7 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year in which the three and nine months totaled $13.3 million and $38.7 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, general and administrative expenses include higher incentive pay and profit sharing, higher office rent due to the expansion of our Houston headquarters, offset partially by lower consulting and recruiting expense.

Operating loss for the third quarter of 2023 was $5.1 million, an improvement of $4.4 million compared to an operating loss of $9.5 million for the same quarter in 2022. The improvement in operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was a

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result of higher gross profit in the current quarter when compared to the same period in the prior year, partially offset by higher general and administrative expenses in the current quarter when compared to the same period in the prior year. Operating loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $2.3 million, down $11.3 million from operating income of $9.0 million in the same period of the prior year. The decrease in operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was a result of lower gross profit in the first nine months of 2023.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, net interest expense was $2.8 million, $0.8 million lower compared to $3.6 million for the same period in the prior year. Net interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $9.3 million, $1.7 million lower compared with $11.0 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in net interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to an increase in capitalized interest due to the new build program, offset partially by current year revolver interest expense.

Income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.8 million compared to an income tax benefit of $3.3 million for the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $1.8 million and in the prior year period had an income tax benefit of $0.9 million. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 19.1%, as compared to the effective tax rate of 24.1% for the same period of 2022.

Net loss for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was $6.2 million, an improvement of $3.7 million from a net loss of $9.9 million in the same quarter in the prior year. Diluted loss per share was $0.09 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to diluted loss per share of $0.15 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The improvement in net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to the increase in gross profit in the current year quarter, partially offset by an increase in general and administrative expense and a decrease in the income tax benefit. Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $7.7 million, a decrease of $4.8 million, or 166%, from a net loss of $2.9 million for the same period in the prior year. Diluted losses per share were $0.12 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a $0.04 of diluted losses per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was driven by the substantial decrease to revenue and gross margin, and the increase to general and administrative expense. This decrease was slightly offset by an increase in other income related to a legal settlement on previously disposed business.

Adjusted EBITDA (as defined on page 18) for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was $5.3 million, up $4.0 million, from $1.3 million in the same quarter in the prior year. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA during the third quarter of 2023 was driven by the increase in gross profit, excluding depreciation partially offset by an increase in general and administrative expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 Adjusted EBITDA was $32.2 million, a decrease of $9.0 million, or 22%, from $41.2 million during the same period in the prior year. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA during the first nine months of 2023 was driven primarily by the decrease in gross profit, excluding depreciation.

Bidding activity and backlog

The following table sets forth, by type of work, the Company’s backlog as of the dates indicated:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |
Backlog (in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2022 |
Dredging: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital - U.S. |  | $ | 736,322 |  |  | $ | 148,429 |  |  | $ | 220,723 |
Coastal protection |  |  | 103,617 |  |  |  | 97,819 |  |  |  | 86,847 |
Maintenance |  |  | 182,470 |  |  |  | 125,671 |  |  |  | 132,479 |
Rivers & lakes |  |  | 11,320 |  |  |  | 5,221 |  |  |  | 12,538 |
Total backlog |  | $ | 1,033,729 |  |  | $ | 377,140 |  |  | $ | 452,587 |

The total dredging backlog above does not include approximately $225.0 million of domestic low bids pending formal award and additional phases (“options”) pending on projects currently in dredging backlog at September 30, 2023 or approximately $50.0 million of performance obligations related to offshore wind contracts. The Company expects to perform on its offshore wind contracts using the inclined fall-pipe vessel for subsea rock installation which is expected to be delivered and operational in 2025.

The Company’s contract backlog represents its estimate of the revenues that will be realized under the portion of the contracts remaining to be performed. These estimates are based primarily upon the time and costs required to mobilize the necessary assets to and from the project site, the amount and type of material to be dredged and the expected production capabilities of the equipment performing the work. However, these estimates are necessarily subject to variances based upon actual circumstances. Because of these factors, as well as factors affecting the time required to complete each job, backlog is not always indicative of future revenues or profitability. Also, 33% of the Company’s September 30, 2023 dredging backlog relates to federal government contracts, which can be canceled at any time without penalty to the government, subject to the Company’s contractual right to recover the Company’s actual committed costs and profit on work performed up to the date of cancellation. The Company’s backlog may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter based upon the type and size of the projects the Company is awarded from the bid market. The Company’s backlog

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includes only those projects for which the Company has obtained a signed contract with the customer. A quarterly increase or decrease of the Company’s backlog does not necessarily result in an improvement or a deterioration of the Company’s business.

On December 29, 2022, the Omnibus Appropriations Bill for fiscal year 2023 was signed into law which included another record budget of $8.66 billion for the Corps civil works program of which $2.32 billion is provided for the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund ("HMTF") to maintain and modernize our nation’s waterways. In addition, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act for fiscal year 2023 was approved which included $1.48 billion for the Corps to make necessary repairs to infrastructure impacted by hurricanes and other natural disasters and to initiate beach renourishment projects that will increase coastal resiliency. Some related projects for beach renourishment have come to bid and the Company expects to see additional beach renourishment work in the latter part of the year. This increased budget and additional funding has resulted in a strong bid market in 2023, which the Company expects will continue for the remainder of the year.

The Company expects the budgeted appropriations to support the funding of several previously delayed capital port improvement projects including Sabine, Mobile and Houston that are still expected to bid before the end of 2023.

At the end of 2022, the Water Resources Development Act of 2022, or WRDA 2022, was approved by Congress and signed into law by the President. WRDA 2022 is on a two-year renewal cycle and includes legislation that authorizes the financing of Corps’ projects for flood and hurricane protection, dredging, ecosystem restoration and other construction projects. WRDA 2022 featured among many other things authorization for New York and New Jersey shipping channels to be deepened to 55 feet, estimated at $6 billion, as well as the Coastal Texas Protection and Restoration Program, estimated at $34.4 billion which includes dune and marsh restoration to safeguard the Texas Gulf Coast from hurricane surges. In addition, this legislation includes policy changes that will allow future port, waterways, and coastal projects to be more readily approved and funded.

In March 2023, President Biden released the President’s Fiscal Year 2024 executive budget. The proposed amount for the Corps targets $7.4 billion, which is a record amount for a President's budget. In June 2023, the House proposed an increased 2024 budget of $9.6 billion for the Corps, which is $910 million above fiscal year 2023 and includes $2.8 billion for the HMTF and $1.5 billion for flood and storm damage reduction. In July 2023, the Senate Committee on Appropriations passed the budget which targets $8.9 billion for the Corps. This will move to the Senate floor for further deliberation and consideration. This proposed budget is expected to provide for a strong 2024 bid market. Currently, the government is operating under a continuing resolution until the budget is approved.

The domestic dredging bid market, exclusive of LNG projects, for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was $850.2 million, a $173.6 million increase compared to the same period in the prior year. Total domestic dredging bid market for the current year period included awards for eight domestic capital projects in Florida, Virginia, New Jersey and Texas, thirteen coastal protection projects in Florida, Pennsylvania, Alabama, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia, Louisiana and Delaware, forty two maintenance projects in Texas, Louisiana, Delaware, Florida, South Carolina, Alabama, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, Georgia and Pennsylvania, and ten river maintenance projects in Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and Texas. The total domestic dredging bid market through September 30, 2023 was $1,780.6 million, of which the Company won 31.0%, comparable to the Company’s prior three-year average of 35%. Variability in contract wins from quarter to quarter is not unusual and one quarter’s win rate is generally not indicative of the win rate the Company is likely to achieve for a full year.

The Company’s contracted dredging backlog was $1,033.7 million at September 30, 2023 compared to $377.1 million of dredging backlog at December 31, 2022. Total dredging backlog does not include approximately $50.0 million of performance obligations related to offshore wind contracts or approximately $225.0 million of domestic low bids pending formal award and options pending on projects currently in dredging backlog at September 30, 2023. At December 31, 2022, the amount of domestic low bids and options pending award was $584.7 million. Included in the September 30, 2023 backlog are two LNG projects, including the Rio Grande LNG project, which will be the largest project undertaken in the Company's history, and the Port Arthur LNG Phase 1 project for Marine Dredging and Disposal. Subcontractor work on the Rio Grande LNG project is anticipated to start later this year.

Domestic capital dredging backlog at September 30, 2023 was $736.3 million, an increase of $587.9 million from December 31, 2022. In the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company was awarded two domestic LNG capital projects in Texas and Louisiana and one domestic capital dredging project in Virginia for $3.6 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company continued to earn revenue on deepening projects in Virginia and Texas. Government funded projects coming into the pipeline include Sabine, Mobile and Houston. These deepenings continue the trend of ensuring all East Coast and Gulf of Mexico ports will be able to accommodate the deeper draft vessels currently used on several trade routes. In addition, multiple project phases for port deepenings in Norfolk and the Houston ship channel are expected to continue for the next several years. The nation’s governors continue to show commitment to their respective ports through engagement and funding. Finally, Congress has also shown a commitment to ports and waterways, providing record annual budgets for the Corps for port deepening and channel maintenance. In addition to this port work, a greater amount of coastal restoration and rehabilitation projects are being funded in the Gulf Coast region as the states utilize available monies for ecosystem priorities, a portion of which is allocated to dredging.

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Coastal protection dredging backlog at September 30, 2023 was $103.6 million, an increase of $5.8 million from December 31, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company continued to earn revenue on coastal protection projects in New Jersey, New York, Florida, Virginia and North Carolina, which were in dredging backlog at December 31, 2022. Coastal protection and storm impacts continue to provide the major impetus for coastal project investment at federal and state levels. Strong hurricane and storm seasons have resulted in an increase in beach erosion and other damage which adds to the recurring nature of our business and the need for more frequent coastal protection and port maintenance projects. As a result of the extreme storm systems in prior years involving Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria, the U.S. Congress passed supplemental appropriations for disaster relief and recovery which includes $17.4 billion for the Corps to fund projects that will reduce the risk of future damage from flood and storm events. The Corps is beginning to provide visibility on its plans for this money, and it is expected that approximately $1.8 billion will be allocated to dredging-related work. Most of this work is anticipated to be coastal protection related, but some funding may be provided for channel maintenance.

Maintenance dredging backlog at September 30, 2023 was $182.5 million, an increase of $56.8 million from December 31, 2022. In the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company was awarded six maintenance projects for a total of $112.9 million in Louisiana, Mississippi, New York and Florida. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company continued to earn revenue on projects in Louisiana, South Carolina, North Carolina, New York, Florida, Alabama, Maryland and Texas that were in dredging backlog at December 31, 2022. Past WRDA bills called for full use of the HMTF for its intended purpose of maintaining future access to the waterways and ports that support our nation’s economy. On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the CARES Act which includes a provision that lifts caps on the HMTF, thereby allowing full access to future annual revenues. Through the increased appropriation of HMTF monies, the Company anticipates increased funding for harbor maintenance projects to be let for bid.

Rivers & lakes backlog at September 30, 2023 was $11.3 million, an increase of $6.1 million compared to rivers & lakes backlog at December 31, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company continued to earn revenue on projects in Tennessee and Arkansas which were in dredging backlog at December 31, 2022.

Liquidity and capital resources

The Company continues to actively manage its liquidity. The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are net cash flows provided by operating activities, proceeds from previous issuances of long-term debt, and draws on our revolver. The Company’s principal uses of cash are to meet debt service requirements, finance capital expenditures, provide working capital and other general corporate purposes.

The Company’s cash provided by (used in) operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was proceeds of $49.6 million and a use of $6.7 million, respectively. Normal increases or decreases in the level of working capital relative to the level of operational activity impact cash flow from operating activities. The increase in cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in the prior year, relates primarily to the changes in working capital, including the increased cash collected for billing in excess of contract revenue, increased cash inflow due to the decrease of contract revenue in excess of billing in the current year compared to an increase in prior year, offset partially by the increase in cash paid for accounts payables and accrued expenses.

The Company’s cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $97.0 million and $100.5 million, respectively. Investing activities primarily relate to normal course upgrades and capital maintenance of the Company’s dredging fleet. The Company is currently building a 6,500 cubic yard trailing suction hopper dredge, the Galveston Island, which is expected to be operational in late 2023. Additionally, in June 2022 the Company exercised the contract option with the same builder to build a second 6,500 cubic yard trailing suction hopper dredge, the Amelia Island, with expected delivery in 2025. The delivery of the new Galveston Island hopper dredge will provide the Company with added capacity and the opportunity to potentially retire some older dredges. In November 2021, the Company entered into a $197 million contract with Philly Shipyard Inc. to build the first U.S. flagged Jones Act compliant, inclined fall-pipe vessel for subsea rock installation for wind turbine foundations to support the new U.S. offshore wind industry, the Acadia, which is expected to be delivered and operational in 2025. In July 2021, the Company announced a contract to build two multifunctional all-purpose vessels (“multicats”). The Company took delivery of the first multicat late in the third quarter of 2023 and the second multicat early in the fourth quarter of 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company invested $21.8 million in the Galveston Island, $23.3 million in the Amelia Island, $33.8 million in the Acadia, and $7.8 million in the multicats.

The Company’s cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled proceeds of $54.9 million and a use of $1.5 million, respectively. The increase in net cash flows provided by financing activities is primarily due to net borrowings on the Company’s revolver during the first three quarters of 2023 of $55.0 million, compared to zero net borrowings for the same period in the prior year. As of November 3, 2023, net borrowings on the Company's revolver were $85.0 million.

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On November 1, 2023, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the "Purchase Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold certain vessels (the "Property") for gross cash proceeds of $29.5 million. The Company expects to use this liquidity for strategic investments, to repay borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement and for general corporate needs. Concurrent with the sale of the Property, the Company entered into a seven-year master bareboat charter agreement (the “Bareboat Charter Agreement”), whereby the Company will lease back the Property at an annual rental rate of approximately $4.2 million. Under the Bareboat Charter Agreement, the Company has the option to i) purchase the Property after six years with an early buyout option; ii) purchase the Property at the end of the lease at the then fair value; iii) renew the lease at the then fair market value or iv) return the Property to the purchaser.

The Company expects to spend approximately $145 million on capital expenditures in 2023 which is comprised of vessels in our new build program and maintenance capital expenditures. The decrease in expected capital expenditures from previous estimates of approximately $175 million relates to the timing of milestone payments for our new build program. In January 2023, the Company applied with the Maritime Administration or MARAD, which is a unit of the U.S. Department of Transportation, for Title XI financing. If approved, the Company could borrow a portion of the acquisition cost of the subsea rock installation vessel with repayment terms of up to 25 years at rates tied to U.S. Treasury rates. MARAD announced in 2022 that they want to facilitate more offshore wind construction and have designated vessels like our subsea rock installation ship, “Vessels of National Interest” which will prioritize our application for review and funding through Title XI. The review and approval process is currently ongoing. The Company anticipates that remaining new build program payments will be made with cash on hand, future cash flows generated from operations, revolver availability and potential new sources of financing.

Commitments, contingencies and liquidity matters

Refer to Note 4, Long-term debt, in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the Company’s Amended Credit Agreement and 2029 Notes. Additionally, refer to Note 8, Commitments and contingencies, in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the Company’s surety agreements.

In March 2023, the Company’s corporate credit ratings were downgraded by S&P Global Ratings and Moody’s Investors Service to CCC+ and B2, respectively. In addition, both firms placed the Company’s credit rating on a negative outlook. These credit ratings continue to be below investment grade and could adversely affect its ability to renew the existing credit facility, obtain access to new credit facilities or otherwise issue debt in the future and could increase the cost of such debt.

The Company believes its cash and cash equivalents, its anticipated cash flows from operations and availability under its revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations, capital expenditures and the scheduled debt service requirements for the next twelve months. Beyond the next twelve months, the Company’s ability to fund its working capital needs, planned capital expenditures, scheduled debt payments and dividends, if any, and to comply with all the financial covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement and bonding agreements, depends on its future operating performance and cash flows, which in turn, are subject to prevailing economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

In preparing its consolidated financial statements, the Company follows GAAP, which is described in Note 1, Basis of presentation, to the Company’s December 31, 2022 Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The application of these principles requires significant judgments or an estimation process that can affect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company, as well as the related footnote disclosures. The Company continually reviews its accounting policies and financial information disclosures. Except as noted in Note 1, Basis of presentation, of the Company’s financial statements, there have been no material changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies or estimates since December 31, 2022.

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Item 3. Q uantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

The market risk of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2023 has not materially changed since December 31, 2022. The market risk profile of the Company on December 31, 2022 is disclosed in Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 4. C ontrols and Procedures.

a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) as of September 30, 2023. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act a) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure and b) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023 in providing such a reasonable assurance.

b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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P ART II — Other Information

Item 1. L egal Proceedings.

See Note 8, Commitments and contingencies, in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. R isk Factors.

There have been no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2. U nregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. D efaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. M ine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. O ther Information

Securities Trading Plans of Executive Officers and Directors

Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act provides an affirmative defense that enables pre-arranged transactions in securities in a manner that avoids concerns about initiating transactions at a future date while possibly in possession of material nonpublic information. Our Securities Trading and Disclosure of Confidential Information policy permits our officers and directors to enter into trading plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1.

During the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, none of our officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) or directors adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhib its

Number |  | Document Description
31.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
31.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
32.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. **
32.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. **
101 |  | Interactive Data Files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language ("Inline XBRL") *
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) *

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

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S IGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation
| (registrant)
| By: |  | /s/ S cott Kornblau
|  |  | Scott Kornblau
|  |  | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

Date: November 7, 2023

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