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Share-Based Payments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] |
Share-Based Payments | Share-Based Payments The Company’s general practice has been to make a single annual grant of share-based compensation in the first quarter to key employees and to make other employee grants only in connection with new employment or promotions. Forms of share-based compensation granted to employees by the Company include stock options, non-vested shares of common stock (“non-vested share”), and performance shares. The Company also typically makes a single annual grant of non-vested shares to non-employee directors in conjunction with the annual election of non-employee directors to the Board of Directors. Share-based compensation is based on the grant date fair value of the instrument and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, or vesting period. All share-based compensation expense is recognized in salaries, wages and employee benefits. Employee Activity - Stock Options Stock option grants to employees generally expire seven years from the grant date and typically vest ratably over a three-year period. The Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the grant-date fair value of options granted. The weighted-average fair value of options granted and assumptions used to estimate their fair value during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
| Nine months ended
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Expected dividend yield | 1.1 | % |  | 1.3 | %
Expected stock price volatility | 24.4 | % |  | 28.7 | %
Weighted average risk-free interest rate | 2.7 | % |  | 2.0 | %
Expected life of options (years) | 6.1 |  |  | 6.0 |
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 13 |
The following tables summarize the Company’s employee stock option activity and related information:
| Nine months ended September 30, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted-
|  |  | Weighted- |  | Aggregate |  | Average
|  |  | Average |  | Intrinsic |  | Remaining
| Options |  | Exercise |  | Value |  | Contractual
| (000) |  | Price |  | (000) |  | Term
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 | 440 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 193 |  |  | 62 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (89 | ) |  | 41 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2018 | 544 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 6,689 |  |  | 4.9
Exercisable at September 30, 2018 | 228 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 4,294 |  |  | 3.4
| Nine months ended
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Share-based compensation for options | $ | 1,085 |  |  | $ | 993 |
Tax benefit for option compensation | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 354 |
Unrecognized compensation cost for options, net of estimated forfeitures | $ | 3,621 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years) | 2.3 |  |  |
Employee Activity - Non-vested Shares Non-vested share grants to employees vest ratably over a three-year period. The non-vested shares’ fair values were estimated using closing market prices on the day of grant. The following tables summarize the Company’s employee non-vested share activity and related information:
| Nine months ended September 30, 2018
|  |  | Weighted- |  | Aggregate
| Non-vested |  | Average |  | Grant Date
| Shares |  | Grant Date |  | Fair Value
| (000) |  | Fair Value |  | (000)
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2017 | 227 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  |
Granted | 202 |  |  | 60 |  |  |
Vested | (108 | ) |  | 56 |  |  |
Forfeited | (3 | ) |  | 52 |  |  |
Outstanding and non-vested at September 30, 2018 | 318 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 17,467 |
| Nine months ended
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Share-based compensation for non-vested shares | $ | 4,902 |  |  | $ | 3,762 |
Tax benefit for non-vested share compensation | $ | 1,225 |  |  | $ | 1,343 |
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested shares, net of estimated forfeitures | $ | 13,146 |  |  | $ | 7,410 |
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years) | 2.0 |  |  |
Employee Activity - Performance Shares The Company annually grants performance shares to key employees. Under the terms of the performance share agreements, following the end of a three-year performance period, the Company will issue to the employees a calculated number of common stock shares based on the three year performance of the Company’s total shareholder return as compared to the total shareholder return of a selected peer group. No shares may be issued if the Company's total shareholder return outperforms 25% or less of the peer group, but the number of shares issued may be doubled if the Company's total shareholder return performs better than 90% of the peer group. The fair value of the performance shares was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The weighted average assumptions used in the Monte Carlo estimate were as follows:
| Nine months ended
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Expected stock price volatility | 24.3 | % |  | 24.7 | %
Weighted average risk-free interest rate | 2.2 | % |  | 1.4 | %
The following tables summarize the Company’s employee performance share activity, assuming median share awards, and related information:
| Nine months ended September 30, 2018
|  |  | Weighted- |  | Aggregate
| Performance |  | Average |  | Grant Date
| Shares |  | Grant Date |  | Fair Value
| (000) |  | Fair Value |  | (000)
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2017 | 69 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  |
Granted | 18 |  |  | 72 |  |  |
Additional shares awarded based on performance | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Vested | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Forfeited | (22 | ) |  | 67 |  |  |
Outstanding and non-vested at September 30, 2018 | 65 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 3,795 |
| Nine months ended
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Share-based compensation for performance shares | $ | 953 |  |  | $ | 689 |
Tax benefit for performance share compensation | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 246 |
Unrecognized compensation cost for performance shares, net of estimated forfeitures | $ | 1,725 |  |  | $ | 1,740 |
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years) | 1.9 |  |  |
Employee Activity - Employee Stock Purchase Plan Under the 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which has been approved by shareholders, the Company is authorized to issue up to a remaining 367,309 shares of common stock to employees of the Company. These shares may be issued at a price equal to 90% of the lesser of the market value on the first day or the last day of each six-month purchase period. Common stock purchases are paid for through periodic payroll deductions and/or up to two large lump sum contributions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, participants under the plan purchased 4,550 shares at an average price of $51.98 per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, participants under the plan purchased 5,188 shares at an average price of $43.59 per share. The weighted-average fair value of each purchase right under the ESPP granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which is equal to the discount from the market value of the common stock at the end of each six month purchase period, was $7.10 per share. The weighted-average fair value of each purchase right under the ESPP granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which is equal to the discount from the market value of the common stock at the end of each six month purchase period, was $9.69 per share. Share-based compensation expense of $32 and $51 was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Non-employee Director Activity - Non-vested Shares Grants of non-vested shares to non-employee directors vest ratably over the elected term to the Board of Directors, or approximately one year. The following tables summarize the Company’s non-employee non-vested share activity and related information:
| Nine months ended September 30, 2018
|  |  | Weighted- |  | Aggregate
| Non-vested |  | Average |  | Grant Date
| Shares |  | Grant Date |  | Fair Value
| (000) |  | Fair Value |  | (000)
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2017 | 11 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  |
Granted | 15 |  |  | 58 |  |  |
Vested | (12 | ) |  | 52 |  |  |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Outstanding and non-vested at September 30, 2018 | 14 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 805 |
| Nine months ended
| September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Share-based compensation for non-vested shares | $ | 553 |  |  | $ | 470 |
Tax benefit for non-vested share compensation | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 167 |
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested shares, net of estimated forfeitures | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | 430 |
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years) | 0.6 |  |  |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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- Definition Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table. + References No definition available. + Details
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