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Stock Incentive Plans | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock Incentive Plans | Stock Incentive Plans Stock Incentive Plan The Company recorded share-based compensation expense as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022
Share-based compensation expense | $ | 2,736 |  |  | $ | 2,355 |  |  | $ | 8,349 |  |  | $ | 7,661 |
In May 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) for the issuance of up to 2,000 common shares to employees. As of September 30, 2023, appro ximatel y 568 shares remain available for grant under the Omnibus Plan. Stock Options Certain executives are eligible to receive grants of stock options. Stock options vest over a three-year period from the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense associated with these awards is amortized ratably over the vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of the grants using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock option transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows:
| Stock Options |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as of January 1 | 376 |  |  | $ | 66.13 |
Granted | 55 |  |  | 115.42 |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (61) |  |  | 44.97 |
Outstanding as of September 30 | 370 |  |  | $ | 76.91 |
As of September 30, 2023, the total share-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options not yet recognized w as $2,554, and the weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately two years. Restricted Shares The Company’s primary long-term incentive plan is a restricted share award plan that entitles employees to receive shares of the Company’s common stock subject to vesting requirements based on continued employment. Shares granted under the restricted share award plan are restricted from sale or transfer until vesting, and the restrictions lapse in three equal installments beginning one year after the date of grant. Dividends are paid in cash on a current basis throughout the vesting period. Share-based compensation expense associated with these awards is amortized ratably over the requisite service period. Restricted share transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows:
| Restricted Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of January 1 | 151 |  |  | $ | 87.82 |
Granted | 78 |  |  | 114.92 |
Vested | (75) |  |  | 81.11 |
Forfeited | (9) |  |  | 104.39 |
Outstanding as of September 30 | 145 |  |  | $ | 104.82 |
As of September 30, 2023, the total share-based compensation expense related to restricted shares not yet recognized was $10,624, and the weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately two years. Performance Awards Performance awards are based on achieving certain financial targets, such as targets for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and the Company’s total shareholder return as compared to the total shareholder return of a selected peer group, as determined by the Board of Directors (“Board”). Performance targets are set at the beginning of each three-year measurement period. Share-based compensation expense associated with these awards is amortized ratably over the vesting period. Depending on the financial target, the compensation expense is determined based on the projected assessment of the level of performance that will be achieved. The Company estimates the fair value of the grants with a financial target based on the Company’s total shareholder return using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Performance award transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows assuming target levels of performance:
| Performance Awards |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of January 1 | 70 |  |  | $ | 87.74 |
Granted | 18 |  |  | 120.27 |
Additional shares awarded based on performance | 4 |  |  | 68.75 |
Earned | (31) |  |  | 69.10 |
Forfeited or unearned | — |  |  | — |
Outstanding as of September 30 | 61 |  |  | $ | 105.95 |
As of September 30, 2023, the total share-based compensation expense related to unearned performance awards not yet recognized, assuming the Company’s current projected assessment of the level of performan ce that will be achieved, was $3,089, and the weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately two years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Under the 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), the Company is authorized to issue up to a remaining 310 shares of common stock to employees. These shares may be issued at a price equal to 90% of the lesser of the market value on the first day or the last day of each six-month purchase period. Common stock purchases are paid for through periodic payroll deductions and/or up to two large lump sum contributions. Employee stock purchase plan activity and related information was as follows:
| Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022
Shares purchased by participants under the ESPP | 4 |  |  | 5 |
Average purchase price | $ | 94.23 |  |  | $ | 82.76 |
Weighted-average fair value of each purchase right under the ESPP granted¹ | $ | 10.47 |  |  | $ | 9.20 |
Share-based compensation expense for ESPP | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 42 |
¹ Equal to the discount from the market value of the common stock at the end of each six month purchase period.
Director Restricted Shares Under the Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (the “Amended Plan”), approved in May 2007 and further amended in February 2013 and January 2016, up to 360 of common shares may be issued. As of September 30, 2023, approxim ately 47 shares re main available for grant under the Amended Plan. Under the Amended Plan, each non-employee director receives an annual grant of restricted shares of the Company’s common stock. The restricted shares vest on the earlier of (a) the day immediately prior to the first annual shareholder meeting that occurs after the grant date or (b) one year after the grant date. Director restricted share transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows:
| Director Restricted Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of January 1 | 15 |  |  | $ | 93.70 |
Granted | 15 |  |  | 96.10 |
Vested | (15) |  |  | 93.70 |
Forfeited | (1) |  |  | 96.10 |
Outstanding as of September 30 | 14 |  |  | $ | 96.10 |
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company re corded $307 and $1,003, re spectively, of share-based compensation expense associated with these grants. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $321 and $1,040, respectively, of share-based compensation expense associated with these grants. As of September 30, 2023, the total share-based compensation expense related to the restricted shares not yet recognized was $790, and the weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately less than one year.

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