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Property, plant and equipment - Changes in Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount $ 1,422,623 $ 1,358,292
Exchange differences 151,866 156,714
Additions 234,018 204,829
Revaluation surplus (72,216) (126,675)
Reclassification from investment property   1,380
Acquisition of subsidiaries 21,331  
Transfers 0 0
Disposals (3,334) (4,317)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits (158) (303)
Depreciation (188,775) (167,297)
Closing net book amount 1,565,355 1,422,623
Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 2,852,627 2,620,999
Closing net book amount 3,184,133 2,852,627
Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (1,430,004) (1,262,707)
Closing net book amount (1,618,778) (1,430,004)
Farmlands    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 711,261 694,166
Exchange differences 88,546 142,390
Additions 0 0
Revaluation surplus (72,216) (126,675)
Reclassification from investment property   1,380
Acquisition of subsidiaries 0  
Transfers 0 0
Disposals 0 0
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation 0 0
Closing net book amount 727,591 711,261
Farmlands | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 711,261 694,166
Closing net book amount 727,591 711,261
Farmlands | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 0 0
Closing net book amount 0 0
Farmland improvements    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 16,579 21,585
Exchange differences 1,518 2,772
Additions 0 169
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Reclassification from investment property   0
Acquisition of subsidiaries 0  
Transfers 2,192 (4,773)
Disposals 0 (8)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation (3,547) (3,166)
Closing net book amount 16,742 16,579
Farmland improvements | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 42,438 44,278
Closing net book amount 46,148 42,438
Farmland improvements | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (25,859) (22,693)
Closing net book amount (29,406) (25,859)
Buildings and   facilities    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 207,679 177,604
Exchange differences 16,237 20,923
Additions 13,489 11,681
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Reclassification from investment property   0
Acquisition of subsidiaries 21,331  
Transfers 41,167 23,049
Disposals (953) (126)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation (30,570) (25,452)
Closing net book amount 268,380 207,679
Buildings and   facilities | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 435,193 379,666
Closing net book amount 526,464 435,193
Buildings and   facilities | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (227,514) (202,062)
Closing net book amount (258,084) (227,514)
Machinery,   equipment,   furniture and fittings    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 83,183 95,905
Exchange differences 19,580 (4,804)
Additions 62,637 55,463
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Reclassification from investment property   0
Acquisition of subsidiaries 0  
Transfers 10,198 13,471
Disposals (2,278) (4,078)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits (158) (303)
Depreciation (81,950) (72,471)
Closing net book amount 91,212 83,183
Machinery,   equipment,   furniture and fittings | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 803,193 743,444
Closing net book amount 893,172 803,193
Machinery,   equipment,   furniture and fittings | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (720,010) (647,539)
Closing net book amount (801,960) (720,010)
Bearer plants    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 294,982 304,829
Exchange differences 15,447 (34,433)
Additions 112,614 88,530
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Reclassification from investment property   0
Acquisition of subsidiaries 0  
Transfers 0 149
Disposals 0 0
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation (70,316) (64,093)
Closing net book amount 352,727 294,982
Bearer plants | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 730,762 676,516
Closing net book amount 858,823 730,762
Bearer plants | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (435,780) (371,687)
Closing net book amount (506,096) (435,780)
Others    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 27,571 6,463
Exchange differences 1,389 20,567
Additions 3,318 2,615
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Reclassification from investment property   0
Acquisition of subsidiaries 0  
Transfers (169) 104
Disposals (103) (63)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation (2,392) (2,115)
Closing net book amount 29,614 27,571
Others | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 48,412 25,189
Closing net book amount 52,846 48,412
Others | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (20,841) (18,726)
Closing net book amount (23,232) (20,841)
Work in   progress    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 81,368 57,740
Exchange differences 9,149 9,299
Additions 41,960 46,371
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Reclassification from investment property   0
Acquisition of subsidiaries 0  
Transfers (53,388) (32,000)
Disposals 0 (42)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation 0 0
Closing net book amount 79,089 81,368
Work in   progress | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 81,368 57,740
Closing net book amount 79,089 81,368
Work in   progress | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 0 0
Closing net book amount $ 0 $ 0