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Property, plant and equipment - Changes in Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount $ 1,565,355 $ 1,422,623
Exchange differences (237,977) 151,866
Additions 262,929 234,018
Revaluation surplus 188,879 (72,216)
Acquisition of subsidiaries   21,331
Transfers 0 0
Disposals (31,040) (3,334)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits (293) (158)
Depreciation (198,288) (188,775)
Closing net book amount 1,549,565 1,565,355
Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 3,184,133 2,852,627
Closing net book amount 3,366,631 3,184,133
Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (1,618,778) (1,430,004)
Closing net book amount (1,817,066) (1,618,778)
Farmlands    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 727,591 711,261
Exchange differences (197,377) 88,546
Additions 0 0
Revaluation surplus 188,879 (72,216)
Acquisition of subsidiaries   0
Transfers (33) 0
Disposals (24,858) 0
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation 0 0
Closing net book amount 694,202 727,591
Farmlands | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 727,591 711,261
Closing net book amount 694,202 727,591
Farmlands | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 0 0
Closing net book amount 0 0
Farmland improvements    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 16,742 16,579
Exchange differences (4,029) 1,518
Additions 0 0
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Acquisition of subsidiaries   0
Transfers 1,307 2,192
Disposals 0 0
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation (2,375) (3,547)
Closing net book amount 11,645 16,742
Farmland improvements | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 46,148 42,438
Closing net book amount 43,426 46,148
Farmland improvements | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (29,406) (25,859)
Closing net book amount (31,781) (29,406)
Buildings and   facilities    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 268,380 207,679
Exchange differences (43,653) 16,237
Additions 15,165 13,489
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Acquisition of subsidiaries   21,331
Transfers 33,405 41,167
Disposals (3,404) (953)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation (28,737) (30,570)
Closing net book amount 241,156 268,380
Buildings and   facilities | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 526,464 435,193
Closing net book amount 527,977 526,464
Buildings and   facilities | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (258,084) (227,514)
Closing net book amount (286,821) (258,084)
Machinery,   equipment,   furniture and fittings    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 91,212 83,183
Exchange differences 97,152 19,580
Additions 71,100 62,637
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Acquisition of subsidiaries   0
Transfers 22,032 10,198
Disposals (2,745) (2,278)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits (293) (158)
Depreciation (81,463) (81,950)
Closing net book amount 196,995 91,212
Machinery,   equipment,   furniture and fittings | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 893,172 803,193
Closing net book amount 1,080,418 893,172
Machinery,   equipment,   furniture and fittings | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (801,960) (720,010)
Closing net book amount (883,423) (801,960)
Bearer plants    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 352,727 294,982
Exchange differences (46,372) 15,447
Additions 144,777 112,614
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Acquisition of subsidiaries   0
Transfers 8,939 0
Disposals 0 0
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation (84,229) (70,316)
Closing net book amount 375,842 352,727
Bearer plants | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 858,823 730,762
Closing net book amount 966,167 858,823
Bearer plants | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (506,096) (435,780)
Closing net book amount (590,325) (506,096)
Others    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 29,614 27,571
Exchange differences (21,835) 1,389
Additions 2,635 3,318
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Acquisition of subsidiaries   0
Transfers 17 (169)
Disposals (33) (103)
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation (1,484) (2,392)
Closing net book amount 8,914 29,614
Others | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 52,846 48,412
Closing net book amount 33,630 52,846
Others | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount (23,232) (20,841)
Closing net book amount (24,716) (23,232)
Work in   progress    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 79,089 81,368
Exchange differences (21,863) 9,149
Additions 29,252 41,960
Revaluation surplus 0 0
Acquisition of subsidiaries   0
Transfers (65,667) (53,388)
Disposals 0 0
Reclassification to non-income tax credits 0 0
Depreciation 0 0
Closing net book amount 20,811 79,089
Work in   progress | Cost    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 79,089 81,368
Closing net book amount 20,811 79,089
Work in   progress | Accumulated amortization    
Changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract]    
Opening net book amount 0 0
Closing net book amount $ 0 $ 0