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Cost of revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Finished goods at beginning of period | $ 179,611 | $ 152,716 | $ 138,254
Cost of production of manufactured products | 1,346,503 | 1,040,021 | 1,097,701
Purchases | 33,819 | 31,136 | 14,535
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 8,413
Agricultural produce | 249,621 | 140,728 | 278,726
Transfer to raw material | (100,471) | (54,822) | (81,707)
Direct agricultural selling expenses | 27,861 | 9,214 | 25,623
Tax recoveries | (56,361) | (25,767) | (17,800)
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest | (28,437) | 1,838 | (22,293)
Loss of idle capacity | 4,918 | 3,861 | 7,507
Finished goods at end of period | (188,154) | (179,611) | (152,716)
Exchange differences | (12,833) | 53,278 | 7,306
Cost of revenue | 1,198,715 | 973,180 | 1,075,747
Changes in tax laws enacted, ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços) |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Tax recoveries | 37,800 |  |
Changes in tax laws enacted, Programa de Integração Social (PIS) and Contribuição para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social (COFINS) |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Tax recoveries | 18,500 |  |
Operating segments |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Finished goods at beginning of period | 179,611 |  |
Finished goods at end of period | (188,154) | (179,611) |
Cost of revenue | 1,162,785 | 1,081,208 | 1,078,737
Farming | Operating segments |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Finished goods at beginning of period | 52,640 |  |
Finished goods at end of period | (93,521) | (52,640) |
Cost of revenue | 663,945 | 576,638 | 622,896
Sugar, Ethanol and Energy |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Finished goods at beginning of period | 126,971 | 88,693 | 80,857
Purchases | 1,837 | 1,011 | 856
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 0
Agricultural produce | 6,067 | 9,736 | 11,571
Transfer to raw material | 0 | 0 | 0
Direct agricultural selling expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Tax recoveries | (56,361) | (25,767) | (17,800)
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest | 554 | (156) | (934)
Loss of idle capacity | 4,918 | 3,861 | 7,507
Finished goods at end of period | (94,633) | (126,971) | (88,693)
Exchange differences | (33,689) | 5,610 | 7,141
Cost of revenue | 498,840 | 504,570 | 455,841
Sugar, Ethanol and Energy | Operating segments |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Finished goods at beginning of period | 126,971 |  |
Finished goods at end of period | (94,633) | (126,971) |
Cost of revenue | 498,840 | 504,570 | 455,841
Crops | Farming |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Finished goods at beginning of period | 33,407 | 37,539 | 37,225
Purchases | 24,015 | 4,361 | 10,528
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 0
Agricultural produce | 220,471 | 115,893 | 245,402
Transfer to raw material | (102,773) | (49,108) | (75,158)
Direct agricultural selling expenses | 27,861 | 9,214 | 25,623
Tax recoveries | 0 | 0 | 0
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest | (22,436) | 1,994 | (21,359)
Loss of idle capacity | 0 | 0 | 0
Finished goods at end of period | (40,345) | (33,407) | (37,539)
Exchange differences | 18,312 | 10,307 | 2,363
Cost of revenue | 226,333 | 143,879 | 255,595
Rice | Farming |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Finished goods at beginning of period | 9,306 | 13,659 | 5,015
Purchases | 1,128 | 22,594 | 1,866
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 8,413
Agricultural produce | 0 | 18 | 106
Transfer to raw material | 2,302 | (5,714) | (6,549)
Direct agricultural selling expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Tax recoveries | 0 | 0 | 0
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest | (6,555) | 0 | 0
Loss of idle capacity | 0 | 0 | 0
Finished goods at end of period | (32,623) | (9,306) | (13,659)
Exchange differences | 3,003 | 25,378 | (96)
Cost of revenue | 218,295 | 170,258 | 160,426
Dairy | Farming |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Finished goods at beginning of period | 9,927 | 12,825 | 15,157
Purchases | 6,839 | 3,170 | 1,285
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 0
Agricultural produce | 23,083 | 15,081 | 21,647
Transfer to raw material | 0 | 0 | 0
Direct agricultural selling expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Tax recoveries | 0 | 0 | 0
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest | 0 | 0 | 0
Loss of idle capacity | 0 | 0 | 0
Finished goods at end of period | (20,553) | (9,927) | (12,825)
Exchange differences | (459) | 11,983 | (2,102)
Cost of revenue | 255,247 | 154,473 | 203,885
Cost of production of manufactured products | Operating segments |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Cost of production of manufactured products | 1,089,141 | 840,609 | 869,899
Cost of production of manufactured products | Sugar, Ethanol and Energy | Operating segments |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Cost of production of manufactured products | 543,176 | 548,553 | 455,336
Cost of production of manufactured products | Crops | Farming | Operating segments |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Cost of production of manufactured products | 67,821 | 47,086 | 68,510
Cost of production of manufactured products | Rice | Farming | Operating segments |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Cost of production of manufactured products | 241,734 | 123,629 | 165,330
Cost of production of manufactured products | Dairy | Farming | Operating segments |  |  |
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items] |  |  |
Cost of production of manufactured products | $ 236,410 | $ 121,341 | $ 180,723

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