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Segment information - Segment Analysis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue $ 1,518,907 $ 1,298,871 $ 1,347,724  
Cost of revenue (1,198,715) (973,180) (1,075,747)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 143,081 87,858 215,941  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (28,437) 1,838 (22,293)  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 434,836 415,387 465,625  
General and administrative expenses (103,880) (70,320) (84,287)  
Selling expenses (153,482) (129,092) (143,515)  
Other operating income, net 4,824 25,590 1,870  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition 0 0 10,107  
Profit from operations 182,298 241,565 249,800  
Depreciation and amortization (226,157) (200,018) (191,040)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property (23,375) 10,620 (2,961)  
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire (14,259) 0 0  
Right of use assets 373,846 406,713 360,181  
Investment property 33,542 33,364 33,330  
Biological assets 293,945 228,037 266,444  
Current finished goods 188,154 179,611 152,716 $ 138,254
Borrowings 779,556 904,949 1,007,752  
Leases Liabilities 342,030 378,510 337,980  
Tax credits recognized 19,486 0 0  
Income from government grants 8,100      
Exclusion of ICMS from the calculation base for PIS and COFINS        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Tax credits recognized 11,300      
Operating segments        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 1,476,378 1,442,441 1,351,707  
Cost of revenue (1,162,785) (1,081,208) (1,078,737)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 129,832 101,172 214,188  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (25,840) 2,574 (22,429)  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 417,585 464,979 464,729  
General and administrative expenses (98,047) (89,551) (84,507)  
Selling expenses (148,757) (150,805) (144,031)  
Other operating income, net 8,325 31,502 2,693  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     10,070  
Profit from operations 179,106 256,125 248,954  
Depreciation and amortization (223,244) (211,575) (191,205)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property (18,725) 11,375 (2,764)  
Reverse of revaluation surplus derived from the disposals of assets before taxes 9,024 (20,245)    
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire (14,162)      
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (unrealized) (25,558) (24,879) 38,354  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (realized) 155,390 126,051 175,834  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (unrealized) (7,327) 2,599 72  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (realized) (18,513) (25) (22,501)  
Farmlands and farmland improvements, net 692,153 705,847    
Machinery, equipment and other fixed assets, net 501,938 447,065    
Bearer plants 327,570 375,842    
Work in progress 26,928 20,811    
Right of use assets 373,846 406,713    
Investment property 33,542 33,364    
Goodwill 20,242 14,309    
Biological assets 293,945 228,037    
Current finished goods 188,154 179,611    
Raw materials, stocks held by third parties and others 101,510 76,440    
Total segment assets 2,559,828 2,488,039    
Borrowings 779,556 904,949    
Leases Liabilities 342,030 378,510    
Total segment liabilities 1,121,586 1,283,459    
Corporate        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue   0 0  
Cost of revenue   0 0  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce   0 0  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest   0 0  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses   0 0  
General and administrative expenses   (23,061) (23,413)  
Selling expenses   (305) (257)  
Other operating income, net   (309) (136)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     0  
Profit from operations   (23,675) (23,806)  
Depreciation and amortization   (1,275) 22  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property   0 0  
Reverse of revaluation surplus derived from the disposals of assets before taxes   0    
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (unrealized)   0 0  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (realized)   0 0  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (unrealized)   0 0  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (realized)   0 0  
Farmlands and farmland improvements, net   0    
Machinery, equipment and other fixed assets, net   0    
Bearer plants   0    
Work in progress   0    
Right of use assets   580    
Investment property   0    
Goodwill   0    
Biological assets   0    
Current finished goods   0    
Raw materials, stocks held by third parties and others   0    
Total segment assets   580    
Borrowings   180,080    
Leases Liabilities   399    
Total segment liabilities   180,479    
Farming | Crops        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 249,196 166,253 277,751  
Cost of revenue (226,333) (143,879) (255,595)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 33,050 (10,327) 64,061  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (22,436) 1,994 (21,359)  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 33,477 14,041 64,858  
General and administrative expenses (20,139) (9,913) (13,310)  
Selling expenses (18,300) (16,114) (31,682)  
Other operating income, net (5,052) 15,285 (341)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     0  
Profit from operations (10,014) 3,299 19,525  
Depreciation and amortization (6,399) (5,421) (7,978)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property (638) 9,549 (2,342)  
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire (14,259)      
Biological assets 79,363 55,545 72,843  
Farming | Rice        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 260,440 230,192 204,201  
Cost of revenue (218,295) (170,258) (160,426)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 53,436 (4,301) 16,557  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (6,555) 0 0  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 89,026 55,633 60,332  
General and administrative expenses (18,280) (11,273) (15,314)  
Selling expenses (32,506) (26,449) (34,436)  
Other operating income, net (18,340) 7,218 (544)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     10,107  
Profit from operations 19,900 25,129 20,145  
Depreciation and amortization (15,855) (10,812) (12,117)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property (22,737) 1,071 (619)  
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire 0      
Biological assets 102,098 32,843 54,125  
Farming | Dairy        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 301,317 180,119 235,012  
Cost of revenue (255,247) (154,473) (203,885)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 15,429 8,050 27,257  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest 0 0 0  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 61,499 33,696 58,384  
General and administrative expenses (12,687) (6,955) (10,197)  
Selling expenses (29,593) (17,176) (26,974)  
Other operating income, net 4,614 912 (11)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     0  
Profit from operations 23,833 10,477 21,202  
Depreciation and amortization (13,247) (7,061) (10,018)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property 0 0 0  
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire 0      
Biological assets 42,864 23,191 30,045  
Farming | Operating segments        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 768,424 720,134 720,947  
Cost of revenue (663,945) (576,638) (622,896)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 88,666 6,736 106,122  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (26,394) 2,730 (21,495)  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 166,751 152,962 182,678  
General and administrative expenses (47,416) (40,899) (39,177)  
Selling expenses (75,689) (81,345) (93,609)  
Other operating income, net (15,272) 29,348 (52)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     10,070  
Profit from operations 28,374 60,066 59,910  
Depreciation and amortization (32,715) (34,397) (30,307)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property (18,725) 11,375 (2,764)  
Reverse of revaluation surplus derived from the disposals of assets before taxes 9,024 (20,245)    
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire (14,162)      
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (unrealized) (1,621) (9,486) 3,122  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (realized) 90,287 16,222 103,000  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (unrealized) (7,327) 2,599 72  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (realized) (19,067) 131 (21,567)  
Farmlands and farmland improvements, net 611,796 627,525    
Machinery, equipment and other fixed assets, net 298,259 182,504    
Bearer plants 1,292 753    
Work in progress 10,753 5,885    
Right of use assets 36,558 28,713    
Investment property 33,542 33,364    
Goodwill 16,716 9,799    
Biological assets 224,325 111,579    
Current finished goods 93,521 52,640    
Raw materials, stocks held by third parties and others 79,645 54,586    
Total segment assets 1,406,407 1,107,348    
Borrowings 121,042 120,042    
Leases Liabilities 30,472 25,873    
Total segment liabilities 151,514 145,915    
Farming | Operating segments | Crops        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 236,128 216,912 280,329  
Cost of revenue (213,909) (188,954) (257,925)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 28,347 (4,862) 62,567  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (19,780) 2,730 (21,495)  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 30,786 25,826 63,476  
General and administrative expenses (18,622) (14,779) (13,312)  
Selling expenses (17,240) (22,450) (31,894)  
Other operating income, net (5,304) 20,006 463  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     0  
Profit from operations (10,380) 8,603 18,733  
Depreciation and amortization (5,698) (8,330) (8,017)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property (588) 10,199 (2,184)  
Reverse of revaluation surplus derived from the disposals of assets before taxes 9,024 (20,245)    
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire (14,162)      
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (unrealized) 10,197 4,171 2,071  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (realized) 18,150 (9,033) 60,496  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (unrealized) (775) 2,599 72  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (realized) (19,005) 131 (21,567)  
Farmlands and farmland improvements, net 432,826 447,772    
Machinery, equipment and other fixed assets, net 41,770 24,250    
Bearer plants 1,292 753    
Work in progress 468 10    
Right of use assets 20,850 13,608    
Investment property 28,193 29,192    
Goodwill 10,397 6,095    
Biological assets 79,363 55,545    
Current finished goods 40,345 33,407    
Raw materials, stocks held by third parties and others 44,809 26,779    
Total segment assets 700,313 637,411    
Borrowings 36,573 30,326    
Leases Liabilities 17,385 12,341    
Total segment liabilities 53,958 42,667    
Farming | Operating segments | Rice        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 248,198 256,347 204,396  
Cost of revenue (208,266) (178,322) (160,047)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 45,780 (2,488) 16,032  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (6,614) 0 0  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 79,098 75,537 60,381  
General and administrative expenses (17,025) (15,709) (15,487)  
Selling expenses (30,771) (33,407) (34,665)  
Other operating income, net (14,052) 7,470 (507)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     10,070  
Profit from operations 17,250 33,891 19,792  
Depreciation and amortization (14,798) (15,154) (12,215)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property (18,137) 1,176 (580)  
Reverse of revaluation surplus derived from the disposals of assets before taxes 0 0    
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire 0      
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (unrealized) 18,669 (1,002) 3,327  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (realized) 27,111 (1,486) 12,705  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (unrealized) (6,552) 0 0  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (realized) (62) 0 0  
Farmlands and farmland improvements, net 176,516 178,291    
Machinery, equipment and other fixed assets, net 112,849 71,584    
Bearer plants 0 0    
Work in progress 6,276 291    
Right of use assets 15,234 15,076    
Investment property 5,349 4,172    
Goodwill 6,319 3,704    
Biological assets 102,098 32,843    
Current finished goods 32,623 9,306    
Raw materials, stocks held by third parties and others 18,446 16,577    
Total segment assets 475,710 331,844    
Borrowings 15,270 32,340    
Leases Liabilities 12,549 13,475    
Total segment liabilities 27,819 45,815    
Farming | Operating segments | Dairy        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 284,098 246,875 236,222  
Cost of revenue (241,770) (209,362) (204,924)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 14,539 14,086 27,523  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest 0 0 0  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 56,867 51,599 58,821  
General and administrative expenses (11,769) (10,411) (10,378)  
Selling expenses (27,678) (25,488) (27,050)  
Other operating income, net 4,084 1,872 (8)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     0  
Profit from operations 21,504 17,572 21,385  
Depreciation and amortization (12,219) (10,913) (10,075)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property 0 0 0  
Reverse of revaluation surplus derived from the disposals of assets before taxes 0 0    
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire 0      
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (unrealized) (30,487) (12,655) (2,276)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (realized) 45,026 26,741 29,799  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (unrealized) 0 0 0  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (realized) 0 0 0  
Farmlands and farmland improvements, net 2,454 1,462    
Machinery, equipment and other fixed assets, net 143,640 86,670    
Bearer plants 0 0    
Work in progress 4,009 5,584    
Right of use assets 474 29    
Investment property 0 0    
Goodwill 0 0    
Biological assets 42,864 23,191    
Current finished goods 20,553 9,927    
Raw materials, stocks held by third parties and others 16,390 11,230    
Total segment assets 230,384 138,093    
Borrowings 69,199 57,376    
Leases Liabilities 538 57    
Total segment liabilities 69,737 57,433    
Sugar, Ethanol and Energy        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Cost of revenue (498,840) (504,570) (455,841)  
Biological assets 69,620 116,458 109,431  
Current finished goods 94,633 126,971 88,693 $ 80,857
Sugar, Ethanol and Energy | Operating segments        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 707,954 722,307 630,760  
Cost of revenue (498,840) (504,570) (455,841)  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 41,166 94,436 108,066  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest 554 (156) (934)  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 250,834 312,017 282,051  
General and administrative expenses (25,179) (25,591) (21,917)  
Selling expenses (73,804) (69,155) (50,165)  
Other operating income, net 23,303 2,463 2,881  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     0  
Profit from operations 175,154 219,734 212,850  
Depreciation and amortization (189,006) (175,903) (160,920)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property 0 0 0  
Reverse of revaluation surplus derived from the disposals of assets before taxes 0 0    
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire 0      
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (unrealized) (23,937) (15,393) 35,232  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (realized) 65,103 109,829 72,834  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (unrealized) 0 0 0  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (realized) 554 (156) (934)  
Farmlands and farmland improvements, net 80,357 78,322    
Machinery, equipment and other fixed assets, net 203,679 264,561    
Bearer plants 326,278 375,089    
Work in progress 16,175 14,926    
Right of use assets 336,521 377,420    
Investment property 0 0    
Goodwill 3,526 4,510    
Biological assets 69,620 116,458    
Current finished goods 94,633 126,971    
Raw materials, stocks held by third parties and others 21,865 21,854    
Total segment assets 1,152,654 1,380,111    
Borrowings 532,230 604,827    
Leases Liabilities 310,769 352,238    
Total segment liabilities 842,999 957,065    
Corporate        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 0 0 0  
Cost of revenue 0 0 0  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 0 0 0  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest 0 0 0  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 0 0 0  
General and administrative expenses (27,595) (16,588) (23,549)  
Selling expenses 721 (198) (258)  
Other operating income, net 299 (288) (115)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     0  
Profit from operations (26,575) (17,074) (23,922)  
Depreciation and amortization (1,650) (821) (7)  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property 0 0 0  
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire 0      
Corporate | Corporate        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Revenue 0 0 0  
Cost of revenue 0 0 0  
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce 0 0 0  
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest 0 0 0  
Margin on manufacturing and agricultural activities before operating expenses 0 0 0  
General and administrative expenses (25,452) (23,061) (23,413)  
Selling expenses 736 (305) (257)  
Other operating income, net 294 (309) (136)  
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition     0  
Profit from operations (24,422) (23,675) (23,806)  
Depreciation and amortization (1,523) (1,275) 22  
Net (loss) gain from Fair value adjustment of investment property 0 $ 0 $ 0  
Reverse of revaluation surplus derived from the disposals of assets before taxes 0      
Impairment of assets destroyed by fire 0      
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (unrealized) 0      
Initial recognition and changes in fair value of biological assets and agricultural produce (realized) 0      
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (unrealized) 0      
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (realized) 0      
Farmlands and farmland improvements, net 0      
Machinery, equipment and other fixed assets, net 0      
Bearer plants 0      
Work in progress 0      
Right of use assets 767      
Investment property 0      
Goodwill 0      
Biological assets 0      
Current finished goods 0      
Raw materials, stocks held by third parties and others 0      
Total segment assets 767      
Borrowings 126,284      
Leases Liabilities 789      
Total segment liabilities $ 127,073