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Cost of revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Finished goods at beginning of period $ 179,611 $ 152,716 $ 138,254
Cost of production of manufactured products 1,346,503 1,040,021 1,097,701
Purchases 33,819 31,136 14,535
Acquisition of subsidiaries     8,413
Agricultural produce 249,621 140,728 278,726
Transfer to raw material (100,471) (54,822) (81,707)
Direct agricultural selling expenses 27,861 9,214 25,623
Tax recoveries (56,361) (25,767) (17,800)
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (28,437) 1,838 (22,293)
Loss of idle capacity 4,918 3,861 7,507
Finished goods at end of period (188,154) (179,611) (152,716)
Exchange differences (12,833) 53,278 7,306
Cost of revenue 1,198,715 973,180 1,075,747
Changes in tax laws enacted, ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços)      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Tax recoveries 37,800    
Changes in tax laws enacted, Programa de Integração Social (PIS) and Contribuição para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social (COFINS)      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Tax recoveries 18,500    
Operating segments      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Finished goods at beginning of period 179,611    
Finished goods at end of period (188,154) (179,611)  
Cost of revenue 1,162,785 1,081,208 1,078,737
Farming | Operating segments      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Finished goods at beginning of period 52,640    
Finished goods at end of period (93,521) (52,640)  
Cost of revenue 663,945 576,638 622,896
Sugar, Ethanol and Energy      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Finished goods at beginning of period 126,971 88,693 80,857
Purchases 1,837 1,011 856
Acquisition of subsidiaries     0
Agricultural produce 6,067 9,736 11,571
Transfer to raw material 0 0 0
Direct agricultural selling expenses 0 0 0
Tax recoveries (56,361) (25,767) (17,800)
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest 554 (156) (934)
Loss of idle capacity 4,918 3,861 7,507
Finished goods at end of period (94,633) (126,971) (88,693)
Exchange differences (33,689) 5,610 7,141
Cost of revenue 498,840 504,570 455,841
Sugar, Ethanol and Energy | Operating segments      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Finished goods at beginning of period 126,971    
Finished goods at end of period (94,633) (126,971)  
Cost of revenue 498,840 504,570 455,841
Crops | Farming      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Finished goods at beginning of period 33,407 37,539 37,225
Purchases 24,015 4,361 10,528
Acquisition of subsidiaries     0
Agricultural produce 220,471 115,893 245,402
Transfer to raw material (102,773) (49,108) (75,158)
Direct agricultural selling expenses 27,861 9,214 25,623
Tax recoveries 0 0 0
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (22,436) 1,994 (21,359)
Loss of idle capacity 0 0 0
Finished goods at end of period (40,345) (33,407) (37,539)
Exchange differences 18,312 10,307 2,363
Cost of revenue 226,333 143,879 255,595
Rice | Farming      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Finished goods at beginning of period 9,306 13,659 5,015
Purchases 1,128 22,594 1,866
Acquisition of subsidiaries     8,413
Agricultural produce 0 18 106
Transfer to raw material 2,302 (5,714) (6,549)
Direct agricultural selling expenses 0 0 0
Tax recoveries 0 0 0
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest (6,555) 0 0
Loss of idle capacity 0 0 0
Finished goods at end of period (32,623) (9,306) (13,659)
Exchange differences 3,003 25,378 (96)
Cost of revenue 218,295 170,258 160,426
Dairy | Farming      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Finished goods at beginning of period 9,927 12,825 15,157
Purchases 6,839 3,170 1,285
Acquisition of subsidiaries     0
Agricultural produce 23,083 15,081 21,647
Transfer to raw material 0 0 0
Direct agricultural selling expenses 0 0 0
Tax recoveries 0 0 0
Changes in net realizable value of agricultural produce after harvest 0 0 0
Loss of idle capacity 0 0 0
Finished goods at end of period (20,553) (9,927) (12,825)
Exchange differences (459) 11,983 (2,102)
Cost of revenue 255,247 154,473 203,885
Cost of production of manufactured products | Operating segments      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Cost of production of manufactured products 1,089,141 840,609 869,899
Cost of production of manufactured products | Sugar, Ethanol and Energy | Operating segments      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Cost of production of manufactured products 543,176 548,553 455,336
Cost of production of manufactured products | Crops | Farming | Operating segments      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Cost of production of manufactured products 67,821 47,086 68,510
Cost of production of manufactured products | Rice | Farming | Operating segments      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Cost of production of manufactured products 241,734 123,629 165,330
Cost of production of manufactured products | Dairy | Farming | Operating segments      
Disclosure of Cost of Goods Sold and Services Rendered [Line Items]      
Cost of production of manufactured products $ 236,410 $ 121,341 $ 180,723