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Fair Value Measurements (Tables) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2015
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Securities Owned and Securities Sold, But Not Yet Purchased at Fair Value | Securities Owned and Securities Sold, But Not Yet Purchased at Fair Value
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| As of September 30, 2015 |  | As of December 31, 2014
| Owned |  | Sold |  | Owned |  | Sold
U.S. Government, agency and sovereign obligations | $ | 750,031 |  |  | $ | 259,810 |  |  | $ | 570,607 |  |  | $ | 30,615 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | 15,475 |  |  | 7,070 |  |  | 19,795 |  |  | 2,646 |
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities | 7,276 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 6,689 |  |  | 255 |
Municipal obligations | 74,365 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 60,833 |  |  | 51 |
Convertible bonds | 54,946 |  |  | 9,539 |  |  | 49,813 |  |  | 11,369 |
Corporate equities | 41,209 |  |  | 35,167 |  |  | 42,751 |  |  | 47,574 |
Money markets | 846 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,245 |  |  | — |
Auction rate securities | 96,483 |  |  | — |  |  | 91,422 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,040,631 |  |  | $ | 311,664 |  |  | $ | 843,155 |  |  | $ | 92,510 |
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements | Additional information regarding the valuation technique and inputs for ARS used is as follows:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2015
Product |  | Principal |  | Valuation Adjustment |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Auction Rate Securities Owned (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auction Rate Preferred Securities |  | $ | 89,600 |  |  | $ | 3,965 |  |  | $ | 85,635 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Discount Rate (2) |  | 1.26% to 1.72% |  | 1.48%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Duration |  | 4.0 years |  | 4.0 years
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Current Yield (3) |  | 0.16% to 0.52% |  | 0.33%
Municipal Auction Rate Securities |  | 8,150 |  |  | 705 |  |  | 7,445 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Discount Rate (4) |  | 2.21% |  | 2.21%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Duration |  | 4.5 years |  | 4.5 years
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Current Yield (3) |  | 0.16% |  | 0.16%
Student Loan Auction Rate Securities |  | 500 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 459 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Discount Rate (5) |  | 2.95% |  | 2.95%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Duration |  | 7.0 years |  | 7.0 years
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Current Yield (3) |  | 1.64% |  | 1.64%
Other (7) |  | 3,625 |  |  | 681 |  |  | 2,944 |  |  | Secondary Market Trading Activity |  | Observable trades in inactive market for in portfolio securities |  | 81.22% of par |  | 81.22% of par
|  | $ | 101,875 |  |  | $ | 5,392 |  |  | $ | 96,483 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auction Rate Securities Commitments to Purchase (6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auction Rate Preferred Securities |  | $ | 8,065 |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 7,721 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Discount Rate (2) |  | 1.26% to 1.72% |  | 1.48%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Duration |  | 4.0 years |  | 4.0 years
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Current Yield (3) |  | 0.16% to 0.52% |  | 0.33%
Municipal Auction Rate Securities |  | 1,535 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 1,402 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Discount Rate (4) |  | 2.21% |  | 2.21%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Duration |  | 4.5 years |  | 4.5 years
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Current Yield (3) |  | 0.16% |  | 0.16%
Student Loan Auction Rate Securities |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Discount Rate (5) |  | 2.95% |  | 2.95%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Duration |  | 7.0 years |  | 7.0 years
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Current Yield (3) |  | 1.64% |  | 1.64%
|  | $ | 9,601 |  |  | $ | 477 |  |  | $ | 9,124 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 111,476 |  |  | $ | 5,869 |  |  | $ | 105,607 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1) | Principal amount represents the par value of the ARS and is included in securities owned in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2015. The valuation adjustment amount is included as a reduction to securities owned in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as well as principal transactions revenue in the statement of operations at September 30, 2015.
(2) | Derived by applying a multiple to the spread between 110% to 150% to the U.S. Treasury rate of 1.15%.
(3) | Based on current auctions in comparable securities that have not failed.
(4) | Derived by applying a multiple to the spread of 175% to the U.S. Treasury rate of 1.26%.
(5) | Derived by applying the sum of the spread of 1.20% to the U.S. Treasury rate of 1.75%.
(6) | Principal amount represents the present value of the ARS par value that the Company is committed to purchase at a future date. This principal amount is presented as an off-balance sheet item. The valuation adjustment amount is included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2015.
(7) | Represents ARS issued by a credit default obligation structure that the Company has purchased and is committed to purchase as a result of a legal settlement.
Investments in Company-Sponsored Funds | The following table provides information about the Company’s investments in Company-sponsored funds at September 30, 2015:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Redemption Frequency |  | Redemption Notice Period
Hedge funds (1) | $ | 2,304 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Quarterly - Annually |  | 30 - 120 Days
Private equity funds (2) | 5,662 |  |  | 1,251 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A
| $ | 7,966 |  |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  |  |  |
(1) | Includes investments in hedge funds and hedge fund of funds that pursue long/short, event-driven, and activist strategies. Each hedge fund has various restrictions regarding redemption; no investment is locked-up for a period greater than one year.
(2) | Includes private equity funds and private equity fund of funds with a focus on diversified portfolios, real estate and global natural resources. Due to the illiquid nature of these funds, investors are not permitted to make withdrawals without the consent of the general partner. The lock-up period of the private equity funds can extend to 10 years.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | The Company’s assets and liabilities, recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, have been categorized based upon the above fair value hierarchy as follows: Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2015
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2015
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 328 |
Deposits with clearing organizations | 43,497 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,497 |
Securities owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | 727,722 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 727,722 |
U.S. Agency securities | 461 |  |  | 18,223 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,684 |
Sovereign obligations | — |  |  | 3,625 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,625 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 15,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,475 |
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 7,276 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,276 |
Municipal obligations | — |  |  | 74,300 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 74,365 |
Convertible bonds | — |  |  | 54,946 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,946 |
Corporate equities | 41,209 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,209 |
Money markets | 846 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 846 |
Auction rate securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 96,483 |  |  | 96,483 |
Securities owned, at fair value | 770,238 |  |  | 173,845 |  |  | 96,548 |  |  | 1,040,631 |
Investments (1) | — |  |  | 3,088 |  |  | 8,633 |  |  | 11,721 |
Loans held for sale | — |  |  | 34,050 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,050 |
Derivative contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TBAs | — |  |  | 344 |  |  | — |  |  | 344 |
Interest rate lock commitments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,808 |  |  | 10,808 |
Derivative contracts, total | — |  |  | 344 |  |  | 10,808 |  |  | 11,152 |
Total | $ | 814,063 |  |  | $ | 211,327 |  |  | $ | 115,989 |  |  | $ | 1,141,379 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold, but not yet purchased: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 259,730 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 259,730 |
U.S. Agency securities | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Sovereign obligations | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 7,070 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,070 |
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Municipal obligations | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
Convertible bonds | — |  |  | 9,539 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,539 |
Corporate equities | 35,167 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,167 |
Securities sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value | 294,897 |  |  | 16,767 |  |  | — |  |  | 311,664 |
Derivative contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures | 870 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 870 |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
TBAs | — |  |  | 7,161 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,161 |
Interest rate lock commitments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 187 |  |  | 187 |
ARS purchase commitments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 477 |  |  | 477 |
Derivative contracts, total | 875 |  |  | 7,161 |  |  | 664 |  |  | 8,700 |
Total | $ | 295,772 |  |  | $ | 23,928 |  |  | $ | 664 |  |  | $ | 320,364 |
(1) | Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 31,175 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,175 |
Deposits with clearing organizations | 24,188 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,188 |
Securities owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | 540,223 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 540,223 |
U.S. Agency securities | — |  |  | 26,261 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,261 |
Sovereign obligations | — |  |  | 4,123 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,123 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 19,795 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,795 |
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 6,689 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,689 |
Municipal obligations | — |  |  | 60,669 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 60,833 |
Convertible bonds | — |  |  | 49,813 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,813 |
Corporate equities | 42,751 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,751 |
Money markets | 1,245 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,245 |
Auction rate securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91,422 |  |  | 91,422 |
Securities owned, at fair value | 584,219 |  |  | 167,350 |  |  | 91,586 |  |  | 843,155 |
Investments (1) | — |  |  | 698 |  |  | 9,508 |  |  | 10,206 |
Loans held for sale | — |  |  | 19,243 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,243 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (2) | — |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 250,000 |
Derivative contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TBAs | — |  |  | 4,535 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,535 |
Interest rate lock commitments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,576 |  |  | 7,576 |
Derivative contracts, total | — |  |  | 4,535 |  |  | 7,576 |  |  | 12,111 |
Total | $ | 639,582 |  |  | $ | 441,826 |  |  | $ | 108,670 |  |  | $ | 1,190,078 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold, but not yet purchased: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 30,581 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,581 |
U.S. Agency securities | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 2,646 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,646 |
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 255 |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |
Municipal obligations | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |
Convertible bonds | — |  |  | 11,369 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,369 |
Corporate equities | 47,574 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,574 |
Securities sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value | 78,155 |  |  | 14,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 92,510 |
Derivative contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures | 353 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 353 |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
TBAs | — |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,018 |
Interest rate lock commitments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,222 |  |  | 1,222 |
ARS purchase commitments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 902 |  |  | 902 |
Derivative contracts, total | 363 |  |  | 1,018 |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | 3,505 |
Total | $ | 78,518 |  |  | $ | 15,373 |  |  | $ | 2,124 |  |  | $ | 96,015 |
(1) | Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(2) | Included in securities purchased under agreements to resell where the Company has elected fair value option treatment.
Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | The following tables present changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
|  |  | Total Realized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | and Unrealized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Beginning |  | Gains |  | Purchases |  | Sales and |  | Transfers |  | Ending
| Balance |  | (Losses) (5)(6) |  | and Issuances |  | Settlements |  | In (Out) |  | Balance
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipals | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65 |
Auction rate securities (1)(7)(8) | 100,384 |  |  | 1,799 |  |  | 5,600 |  |  | (11,300 | ) |  | — |  |  | 96,483 |
Interest rate lock commitments (2) | 5,060 |  |  | 5,748 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 10,808 |
Investments (3) | 9,114 |  |  | (427 | ) |  | 29 |  |  | (83 | ) |  | — |  |  | 8,633 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock commitments (2) | 683 |  |  | 496 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 187 |
ARS purchase commitments (4) | 1,034 |  |  | 557 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 477 |
(1) | Represents auction rate preferred securities, municipal auction rate securities and student loan auction rate securities that failed in the auction rate market.
(2) | Interest rate lock commitment assets and liabilities are recorded upon the commitment to originate a loan with a borrower and sell the loan to an investor. The commitment assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value, which reflects the fair value of the contractual loan origination related fees and sale premiums, net of co-broker fees, and the estimated fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan.
(3) | Primarily represents general partner ownership and limited partner interests in hedge funds and private equity funds sponsored by the Company.
(4) | Represents the difference in principal and fair value for auction rate securities purchase commitments outstanding at the end of the period.
(5) | Included in principal transactions on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, except for investments which are included in other income on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
(6) | Unrealized gains (losses) are attributable to assets or liabilities that are still held at the reporting date.
(7) | Purchases and issuances in connection with ARS purchase commitments represent instances in which the Company purchased ARS securities from clients during the period pursuant to regulatory and legal settlements and awards that satisfy the outstanding commitment to purchase obligation. This also includes instances where the ARS issuer has redeemed ARS where the Company had an outstanding purchase commitment prior to the Company purchasing those ARS.
(8) | Sales and settlements for the ARS purchase commitments represent additional purchase commitments made during the period for regulatory and legal ARS settlements and awards.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
|  |  | Total Realized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | and Unrealized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Beginning |  | Gains |  | Purchases |  | Sales and |  | Transfers |  | Ending
| Balance |  | (Losses) (5)(6) |  | and Issuances |  | Settlements |  | In (Out) |  | Balance
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipals | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 129 |
Auction rate securities (1)(7)(8) | 92,548 |  |  | (645 | ) |  | 2,375 |  |  | (6,955 | ) |  | — |  |  | 87,323 |
Interest rate lock commitments (2) | 10,528 |  |  | (5,017 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,511 |
Investments (3) | 8,779 |  |  | (254 | ) |  | 180 |  |  | (282 | ) |  | — |  |  | 8,423 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock commitments (2) | 3,833 |  |  | 645 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,188 |
ARS purchase commitments (4) | 1,514 |  |  | 477 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037 |
(1) | Represents auction rate preferred securities, municipal auction rate securities and student loan auction rate securities that failed in the auction rate market.
(2) | Interest rate lock commitment assets and liabilities are recorded upon the commitment to originate a loan with a borrower and sell the loan to an investor. The commitment assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value, which reflects the fair value of the contractual loan origination related fees and sale premiums, net of co-broker fees, and the estimated fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan.
(3) | Primarily represents general partner ownership and limited partner interests in hedge funds and private equity funds sponsored by the Company.
(4) | Represents the difference in principal and fair value for auction rate securities purchase commitments outstanding at the end of the period.
(5) | Included in principal transactions on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, except for investments which are included in other income on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
(6) | Unrealized gains (losses) are attributable to assets or liabilities that are still held at the reporting date.
(7) | Purchases and issuances in connection with ARS purchase commitments represent instances in which the Company purchased ARS securities from clients during the period pursuant to regulatory and legal settlements and awards that satisfy the outstanding commitment to purchase obligation. This also includes instances where the ARS issuer has redeemed ARS where the Company had an outstanding purchase commitment prior to the Company purchasing those ARS.
(8) | Sales and settlements for the ARS purchase commitments represent additional purchase commitments made during the period for regulatory and legal ARS settlements and awards.
The following tables present changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
|  |  | Total Realized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | and Unrealized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Beginning |  | Gains |  | Purchases |  | Sales and |  | Transfers |  | Ending
| Balance |  | (Losses) (5)(6) |  | and Issuances |  | Settlements |  | In (Out) |  | Balance
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipals | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | (79 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65 |
Auction rate securities (1)(7)(8) | 91,422 |  |  | 1,736 |  |  | 16,325 |  |  | (13,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | 96,483 |
Interest rate lock commitments (2) | 7,576 |  |  | 3,232 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,808 |
Investments (3) | 9,508 |  |  | (812 | ) |  | 417 |  |  | (369 | ) |  | (111 | ) |  | 8,633 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock commitments (2) | 1,222 |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 187 |
ARS purchase commitments (4) | 902 |  |  | 425 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 477 |
(1) | Represents auction rate preferred securities, municipal auction rate securities and student loan auction rate securities that failed in the auction rate market.
(2) | Interest rate lock commitment assets and liabilities are recorded upon the commitment to originate a loan with a borrower and sell the loan to an investor. The commitment assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value, which reflects the fair value of the contractual loan origination related fees and sale premiums, net of co-broker fees, and the estimated fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan.
(3) | Primarily represents general partner ownership and limited partner interests in hedge funds and private equity funds sponsored by the Company.
(4) | Represents the difference in principal and fair value for auction rate securities purchase commitments outstanding at the end of the period.
(5) | Included in principal transactions on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, except for investments which are included in other income on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
(6) | Unrealized gains (losses) are attributable to assets or liabilities that are still held at the reporting date.
(7) | Purchases and issuances in connection with ARS purchase commitments represent instances in which the Company purchased ARS securities from clients during the period pursuant to regulatory and legal settlements and awards that satisfy the outstanding commitment to purchase obligation. This also includes instances where the ARS issuer has redeemed ARS where the Company had an outstanding purchase commitment prior to the Company purchasing those ARS.
(8) | Sales and settlements for the ARS purchase commitments represent additional purchase commitments made during the period for regulatory and legal ARS settlements and awards.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
|  |  | Total Realized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | and Unrealized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Beginning |  | Gains |  | Purchases |  | Sales and |  | Transfers |  | Ending
| Balance |  | (Losses) (5)(6) |  | and Issuances |  | Settlements |  | In (Out) |  | Balance
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipals | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | (107 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 129 |
Auction rate securities (1)(7)(8) | 85,124 |  |  | (971 | ) |  | 16,550 |  |  | (13,380 | ) |  | — |  |  | 87,323 |
Interest rate lock commitments (2) | 2,375 |  |  | 3,136 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,511 |
Investments (3) | 5,946 |  |  | (341 | ) |  | 4,444 |  |  | (1,006 | ) |  | (620 | ) |  | 8,423 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock commitments (2) | 3,653 |  |  | 465 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,188 |
ARS purchase commitments (4) | 2,600 |  |  | 1,563 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037 |
(1) | Represents auction rate preferred securities, municipal auction rate securities and student loan auction rate securities that failed in the auction rate market.
(2) | Interest rate lock commitment assets and liabilities are recorded upon the commitment to originate a loan with a borrower and sell the loan to an investor. The commitment assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value, which reflects the fair value of the contractual loan origination related fees and sale premiums, net of co-broker fees, and the estimated fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan.
(3) | Primarily represents general partner ownership and limited partner interests in hedge funds and private equity funds sponsored by the Company.
(4) | Represents the difference in principal and fair value for auction rate securities purchase commitments outstanding at the end of the period.
(5) | Included in principal transactions on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, except for investments which are included in other income on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
(6) | Unrealized gains (losses) are attributable to assets or liabilities that are still held at the reporting date.
(7) | Purchases and issuances in connection with ARS purchase commitments represent instances in which the Company purchased ARS securities from clients during the period pursuant to regulatory and legal settlements and awards that satisfy the outstanding commitment to purchase obligation. This also includes instances where the ARS issuer has redeemed ARS where the Company had an outstanding purchase commitment prior to the Company purchasing those ARS.
(8) | Sales and settlements for the ARS purchase commitments represent additional purchase commitments made during the period for regulatory and legal ARS settlements and awards.
Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | Assets and liabilities not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2015
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement: Assets
| As of September 30, 2015 |  | As of September 30, 2015
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash | $ | 46,983 |  |  | $ | 46,983 |  |  | $ | 46,983 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,983 |
Cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes | 855 |  |  | 855 |  |  | 855 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 855 |
Deposits with clearing organization | 17,873 |  |  | 17,873 |  |  | 17,873 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,873 |
Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities borrowed | 296,362 |  |  | 296,362 |  |  | — |  |  | 296,362 |  |  | — |  |  | 296,362 |
Receivables from brokers | 53,550 |  |  | 53,550 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,550 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,550 |
Securities failed to deliver | 16,380 |  |  | 16,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,380 |
Clearing organizations | 23,766 |  |  | 23,766 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,766 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,766 |
Other | 8,750 |  |  | 8,750 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,750 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,750 |
| 398,808 |  |  | 398,808 |  |  | — |  |  | 398,808 |  |  | — |  |  | 398,808 |
Receivable from customers | 896,060 |  |  | 896,060 |  |  | — |  |  | 896,060 |  |  | — |  |  | 896,060 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 29,594 |  |  | 43,750 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,750 |  |  | 43,750 |
Investments (1) | 48,032 |  |  | 48,032 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,032 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,032 |
(1) | Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement: Liabilities
| As of September 30, 2015 |  | As of September 30, 2015
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Drafts payable | $ | 24,002 |  |  | $ | 24,002 |  |  | $ | 24,002 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,002 |
Bank call loans | 147,700 |  |  | 147,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 147,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 147,700 |
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities loaned | 209,125 |  |  | 209,125 |  |  | — |  |  | 209,125 |  |  | — |  |  | 209,125 |
Payable to brokers | 4,380 |  |  | 4,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,380 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,380 |
Securities failed to receive | 31,266 |  |  | 31,266 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,266 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,266 |
Other | 5,742 |  |  | 5,742 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,742 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,742 |
| 250,513 |  |  | 250,513 |  |  | — |  |  | 250,513 |  |  | — |  |  | 250,513 |
Payables to customers | 692,416 |  |  | 692,416 |  |  | — |  |  | 692,416 |  |  | — |  |  | 692,416 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 463,074 |  |  | 463,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 463,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 463,074 |
Warehouse payable | 30,856 |  |  | 30,856 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,856 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,856 |
Senior secured notes | 150,000 |  |  | 155,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 155,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 155,250 |
Assets and liabilities not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement: Assets
| As of December 31, 2014 |  | As of December 31, 2014
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash | $ | 32,632 |  |  | $ | 32,632 |  |  | $ | 32,632 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,632 |
Cash segregated for regulatory and other purposes | 18,594 |  |  | 18,594 |  |  | 18,594 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,594 |
Deposits with clearing organization | 12,322 |  |  | 12,322 |  |  | 12,322 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,322 |
Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities borrowed | 242,172 |  |  | 242,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 242,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 242,172 |
Receivables from brokers | 38,149 |  |  | 38,149 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,149 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,149 |
Securities failed to deliver | 11,055 |  |  | 11,055 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,055 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,055 |
Clearing organizations | 21,106 |  |  | 21,106 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,106 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,106 |
Other | 1,993 |  |  | 1,993 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,993 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,993 |
| 314,475 |  |  | 314,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 314,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 314,475 |
Receivable from customers | 864,189 |  |  | 864,189 |  |  | — |  |  | 864,189 |  |  | — |  |  | 864,189 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 1,606 |  |  | 1,606 |  |  | 1,606 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,606 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 30,140 |  |  | 42,279 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,279 |  |  | 42,279 |
Investments (1) | 50,548 |  |  | 50,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,548 |
(1) | Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurement: Liabilities
| As of December 31, 2014 |  | As of December 31, 2014
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Drafts payable | $ | 35,373 |  |  | $ | 35,373 |  |  | $ | 35,373 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,373 |
Bank call loans | 59,400 |  |  | 59,400 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,400 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,400 |
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities loaned | 137,892 |  |  | 137,892 |  |  | — |  |  | 137,892 |  |  | — |  |  | 137,892 |
Payable to brokers | 4,559 |  |  | 4,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,559 |
Securities failed to receive | 23,573 |  |  | 23,573 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,573 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,573 |
Other | 91,137 |  |  | 91,137 |  |  | — |  |  | 91,137 |  |  | — |  |  | 91,137 |
| 257,161 |  |  | 257,161 |  |  | — |  |  | 257,161 |  |  | — |  |  | 257,161 |
Payables to customers | 652,256 |  |  | 652,256 |  |  | — |  |  | 652,256 |  |  | — |  |  | 652,256 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 687,440 |  |  | 687,440 |  |  | — |  |  | 687,440 |  |  | — |  |  | 687,440 |
Warehouse payable | 16,683 |  |  | 16,683 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,683 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,683 |
Senior secured notes | 150,000 |  |  | 157,782 |  |  | — |  |  | 157,782 |  |  | — |  |  | 157,782 |
Notional Amounts and Fair Values of Derivatives by Product | The notional amounts and fair values of the Company’s derivatives at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 by product were as follows:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value of Derivative Instruments at September 30, 2015
| Description |  | Notional |  | Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |
Other contracts | TBAs |  | $ | 57,490 |  |  | $ | 344 |
| Interest rate lock commitments |  | 265,717 |  |  | 10,808 |
|  |  | $ | 323,207 |  |  | $ | 11,152 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts (2) | Futures |  | $ | 2,496,000 |  |  | $ | 870 |
Other contracts | Forward currency forward contracts |  | 600 |  |  | 5 |
| TBAs |  | 54,140 |  |  | 321 |
| TBA sale contracts |  | 301,991 |  |  | 6,840 |
| Interest rate lock commitments |  | 4,714 |  |  | 187 |
| ARS purchase commitments |  | 9,601 |  |  | 477 |
|  |  | $ | 2,867,046 |  |  | $ | 8,700 |
(1) | See "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" above for description of derivative financial instruments. Such derivative instruments are not subject to master netting agreements, thus the related amounts are not offset.
(2) | Included in payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value of Derivative Instruments at December 31, 2014
| Description |  | Notional |  | Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |
Other contracts | TBAs |  | $ | 105,185 |  |  | $ | 1,026 |
| TBA sale contracts |  | 188,178 |  |  | 3,509 |
| Interest rate lock commitments |  | 147,521 |  |  | 7,576 |
|  |  | $ | 440,884 |  |  | $ | 12,111 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts (2) | Futures |  | $ | 3,835,600 |  |  | $ | 353 |
Other contracts | Foreign currency forward contracts |  | 400,000 |  |  | 10 |
| TBAs |  | 105,186 |  |  | 1,018 |
| Interest rate lock commitments |  | 22,269 |  |  | 1,222 |
| Forward start repurchase agreements |  | 636,000 |  |  | — |
| ARS purchase commitments |  | 12,249 |  |  | 902 |
|  |  | $ | 5,011,304 |  |  | $ | 3,505 |
(1) | See "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" above for description of derivative financial instruments. Such derivative instruments are not subject to master netting agreements, thus the related amounts are not offset.
(2) | Included in payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments and their Effect on Statement of Operations | The following table presents the location and fair value amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments and their effect on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statement of Operations
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
|  |  |  | Recognized in Income on Derivatives (pre-tax)
Types |  | Description |  | Location |  | Gain (Loss)
Commodity contracts |  | Futures |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | $ | (1,107 | )
Other contracts |  | Foreign exchange forward contracts |  | Other revenue |  | (5 | )
|  | TBAs |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | (11 | )
|  | TBA sale contracts |  | Other revenue |  | (9,242 | )
|  | Interest rate lock commitments |  | Other revenue |  | 6,244 |
|  | ARS purchase commitments |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | 557 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,564 | )
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statement of Operations
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
|  |  |  | Recognized in Income on Derivatives (pre-tax)
Types |  | Description |  | Location |  | Gain (Loss)
Commodity contracts |  | Futures |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | $ | (105 | )
Other contracts |  | TBAs |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | 156 |
|  | TBA sale contracts |  | Other revenue |  | 3,461 |
|  | Interest rate lock commitments |  | Other revenue |  | (4,372 | )
|  | ARS purchase commitments |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | 477 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | (383 | )
The following table presents the location and fair value amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments and their effect on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statement of Operations
|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
|  |  |  | Recognized in Income on Derivatives (pre-tax)
Types |  | Description |  | Location |  | Gain (Loss)
Commodity contracts |  | Futures |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | $ | (2,673 | )
Other contracts |  | Foreign exchange forward contracts |  | Other revenue |  | 26 |
|  | TBAs |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | (24 | )
|  | TBA sale contracts |  | Other revenue |  | (3,330 | )
|  | Interest rate lock commitments |  | Other revenue |  | 4,267 |
|  | ARS purchase commitments |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | 425 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,309 | )
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statement of Operations
|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
|  |  |  | Recognized in Income on Derivatives (pre-tax)
Types |  | Description |  | Location |  | Gain (Loss)
Commodity contracts |  | Futures |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | $ | (1,434 | )
Other contracts |  | TBAs |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | 132 |
|  | TBA sale contracts |  | Other revenue |  | (310 | )
|  | Interest rate lock commitments |  | Other revenue |  | 3,601 |
|  | ARS purchase commitments |  | Principal transactions revenue |  | 1,563 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,552 |

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