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Fair value measurements | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair value measurements | Fair value measurements Securities owned, securities sold but not yet purchased, investments, derivative contracts and certain loans are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings each period. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A description of the valuation techniques applied and inputs used in measuring the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, are as follows: Securities The Company determines the fair value of securities (both long and short) primarily based on pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Where unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities are available in an active market, we classify the securities within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities, money market funds and corporate equities. If quoted market prices are unavailable, fair values are generally determined using pricing models which incorporate market observable inputs, such as benchmark yields, recently executed transaction prices, issuer spreads, reported trades, bids, offers and other reference data. Examples of such instruments, which are typically classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include U.S. Agency securities, sovereign obligations, corporate debt and other obligations, mortgage and other asset-backed securities, municipal obligations, money market funds and convertible bonds. In limited situations where there is reduced activity or less observability around inputs to the valuation, we classify those securities in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company has valued the auction rate securities owned at the tender offer price and categorized them in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the illiquid nature of the securities and the period of time since the last tender offer. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $128,000 and $2.7 million, respectively, of auction rate securities in Level 3 assets. Additionally, the Company has valued a convertible note using a discounted cash flow model and warrants using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and categorized them in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the models' use of unobservable inputs. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had $2.0 million and $1.2 million of convertible note and warrants, respectively, in Level 3 assets. Derivative financial instruments The Company classifies exchange-traded derivative financial instruments such as futures contracts in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Some of our derivative positions, such as to-be-announced securities, are valued using models that use observable market parameters, and we classify them in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Loans The fair value of loans is estimated using recently executed transactions and current price quotations, which are usually observable. In rare occurrences when observable pricing information is not available, fair value is generally determined based on cash flow models using discounted cash flow models, competitor comparable data and other valuation metrics. Other The Company owns an equity method investment in a financial technologies firm. The Company elected the fair value option for this investment and it is included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company determined the fair value of the investment based on an implied market-multiple approach and observable market data, including comparable company transactions. The fair value of this investment was $5.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and was categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Trade claims are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the illiquid nature of the claims and the period of time since the executed prices. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had no trade claims. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $2.7 million of trade claims in Level 3 assets. Investments In its role as general partner in certain hedge funds and private equity funds, the Company, through its subsidiaries, holds direct investments in such funds. The Company records these investments within other assets and uses the net asset value of the underlying fund as a basis for estimating the fair value of its investment unless another method provides a better indicator of fair value. Changes in the fair value of these investments are reflected within other income in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The following table provides information about the Company's investments in Company-sponsored funds as of September 30, 2025:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Redemption Frequency |  | Redemption Notice Period
Hedge funds (1) | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Quarterly - Annually |  | 30 - 120 Days
Private equity funds (2) | 5,478 |  |  | 790 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A
| $ | 5,619 |  |  | $ | 790 |  |  |  |  |
(1) Hedge funds represent investments in credit driven strategies. (2) Private equity funds includes portfolios focused on technology, infrastructure, real estate, natural resources and specific co-investment opportunities. The following table provides information about the Company's investments in Company-sponsored funds as of December 31, 2024:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Redemption Frequency |  | Redemption Notice Period
Hedge funds (1) | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Quarterly - Annually |  | 30 - 120 Days
Private equity funds (2) | 5,090 |  |  | 1,314 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A
| $ | 5,373 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |  |  |  |  |
(1) Hedge funds represent investments in credit driven strategies. (2) Private equity funds includes portfolios focused on technology, infrastructure, real estate, natural resources and specific co-investment opportunities. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value The Company's assets and liabilities, recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, have been categorized based upon the above fair value hierarchy as follows: Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2025
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits with clearing organizations | $ | 27,993 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,993 |
Securities owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | 1,216,287 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,216,287 |
U.S. Agency securities | — |  |  | 6,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,205 |
Sovereign obligations | — |  |  | 6,403 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,403 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 8,556 |  |  | 1,973 |  |  | 10,529 |
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 2,095 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,095 |
Municipal obligations | — |  |  | 17,259 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,259 |
Convertible bonds | — |  |  | 17,222 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,222 |
Corporate equities | 31,767 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,170 |  |  | 32,937 |
Money markets | 6,500 |  |  | 528 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,028 |
Auction rate securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 128 |  |  | 128 |
Securities owned, at fair value | 1,254,554 |  |  | 58,268 |  |  | 3,271 |  |  | 1,316,093 |
Investments (1) | — |  |  | 17,146 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,146 |
Loans (1) | — |  |  | 734 |  |  | — |  |  | 734 |
Derivative contracts: (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TBAs | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |
Derivative contracts, total | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |
Total | $ | 1,282,547 |  |  | $ | 76,231 |  |  | $ | 3,271 |  |  | $ | 1,362,049 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold but not yet purchased: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 230,586 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 230,586 |
U.S. Agency securities | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |
Sovereign obligations | — |  |  | 4,599 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,599 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,143 |
Convertible bonds | — |  |  | 13,521 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,521 |
Corporate equities | 8,980 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,980 |
Securities sold but not yet purchased, at fair value | 239,566 |  |  | 19,290 |  |  | — |  |  | 258,856 |
Derivative contracts: (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures | 982 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 982 |
TBAs | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |
Derivative contracts, total | 982 |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,068 |
Total | $ | 240,548 |  |  | $ | 19,376 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 259,924 |
(1) Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. (2) Included in receivable/payable from/to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits with clearing organizations | $ | 28,071 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,071 |
Securities owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | 995,420 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 995,420 |
U.S. Agency securities | — |  |  | 3,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,691 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 9,423 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,423 |
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 8,954 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,954 |
Municipal obligations | — |  |  | 34,704 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,704 |
Convertible bonds | — |  |  | 21,938 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,938 |
Corporate equities | 23,873 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,873 |
Money markets | 7,551 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,551 |
Auction rate securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,652 |  |  | 2,652 |
Securities owned, at fair value | 1,026,844 |  |  | 78,710 |  |  | 2,652 |  |  | 1,108,206 |
Investments (1) | 978 |  |  | 17,005 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,983 |
Trade claims (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,684 |  |  | 2,684 |
Loans (1) | — |  |  | 432 |  |  | — |  |  | 432 |
Total | $ | 1,055,893 |  |  | $ | 96,147 |  |  | $ | 5,336 |  |  | $ | 1,157,376 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold but not yet purchased: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 82,767 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 82,767 |
U.S. Agency securities | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Convertible bonds | — |  |  | 4,998 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,998 |
Corporate equities | 11,112 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,112 |
Securities sold but not yet purchased, at fair value | 93,879 |  |  | 5,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,892 |
Derivative contracts: (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures | 1,071 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,071 |
Derivative contracts, total | 1,071 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,071 |
Total | $ | 94,950 |  |  | $ | 5,013 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 99,963 |
(1) Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. (2) Included in receivable/payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The following tables present changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
|  |  |  | Total Realized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Beginning |  | and Unrealized |  | Purchases |  | Sales and |  | Transfers |  | Ending
|  | Balance |  | Gain (2) |  | and Issuances |  | Settlements |  | In (Out) |  | Balance
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate equities | $ | 1,190 |  |  | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,170 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | 1,862 |  |  | 111 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,973 |
Auction rate securities (1) | 128 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 128 |
(1) Represents auction rate securities that failed in the auction rate market. (2) Included in principal transactions in the condensed consolidated income statement except amounts for corporate and other obligations, which represent paid-in-kind interest, that are included in interest income in the condensed consolidated income statement.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
|  |  |  | Total Realized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Beginning |  | and Unrealized |  | Purchases |  | Sales and |  | Transfers |  | Ending
|  | Balance |  | Gain (2) |  | and Issuances |  | Settlements |  | In (Out) |  | Balance
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auction rate securities (1) | $ | 2,713 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (35) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,681 |
(1) Represents auction rate securities that failed in the auction rate market. (2) Included in principal transactions in the condensed consolidated income statement.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
|  |  |  | Total Realized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Beginning |  | and Unrealized |  | Purchases |  | Sales and |  | Transfers |  | Ending
|  | Balance |  | Gain (2) |  | and Issuances |  | Settlements |  | In (Out) |  | Balance
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate equities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,170 |
Corporate debt and other obligations | — |  |  | 143 |  |  | 1,830 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,973 |
Auction rate securities (1) | 2,652 |  |  | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,730) |  |  | — |  |  | 128 |
Trade claims |  | 2,684 |  |  | 957 |  |  | 534 |  |  | (4,175) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
(1) Represents auction rate securities that failed in the auction rate market. (2) Included in principal transactions in the condensed consolidated income statement except amounts for corporate and other obligations, which represent paid-in-kind interest, that are included in interest income in the condensed consolidated income statement.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
|  |  |  | Total Realized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Beginning |  | and Unrealized |  | Purchases |  | Sales and |  | Transfers |  | Ending
|  | Balance |  | Gain (2) |  | and Issuances |  | Settlements |  | In (Out) |  | Balance
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auction rate securities (1) | $ | 2,713 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (35) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,681 |
(1) Represents auction rate securities that failed in the auction rate market. (2) Included in principal transactions in the condensed consolidated income statement. Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value The table below presents the carrying value, fair value and fair value hierarchy category of certain financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The table below excludes non-financial assets and liabilities (e.g., furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements and accrued compensation). The carrying value of financial instruments not measured at fair value categorized in the fair value hierarchy as Level 1 or Level 2 (e.g., cash and receivables from customers) approximates fair value because of the relatively short-term nature of the underlying assets. Assets and liabilities not measured at fair value as of September 30, 2025:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  | Fair Value Measurement: Assets
| Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 38,288 |  |  | $ | 38,288 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,288 |
Deposits with clearing organizations | 72,015 |  |  | 72,015 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72,015 |
Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities borrowed | 164,230 |  |  | — |  |  | 164,230 |  |  | — |  |  | 164,230 |
Receivables from brokers | 54,255 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,255 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,255 |
Securities failed to deliver | 23,975 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,975 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,975 |
Clearing organizations and other | 82,799 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,799 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,799 |
| 325,259 |  |  | — |  |  | 325,259 |  |  | — |  |  | 325,259 |
Receivable from customers | 1,374,526 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,374,526 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,374,526 |
Notes receivable, net | 67,366 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,366 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,366 |
Corporate-owned life insurance | 107,686 |  |  | — |  |  | 107,686 |  |  | — |  |  | 107,686 |
Investments (1) | 2,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,205 |
(1) Included within other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  | Fair Value Measurement: Liabilities
| Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Drafts payable | $ | 16,763 |  |  | $ | 16,763 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,763 |
Bank call loans | 262,300 |  |  | — |  |  | 262,300 |  |  | — |  |  | 262,300 |
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities loaned | 286,694 |  |  | — |  |  | 286,694 |  |  | — |  |  | 286,694 |
Payable to brokers | 1,379 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,379 |
Securities failed to receive | 29,530 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,530 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,530 |
Clearing organization and other | 3,668 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,668 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,668 |
| 321,271 |  |  | — |  |  | 321,271 |  |  | — |  |  | 321,271 |
Payables to customers | 465,426 |  |  | — |  |  | 465,426 |  |  | — |  |  | 465,426 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 972,167 |  |  | — |  |  | 972,167 |  |  | — |  |  | 972,167 |
Assets and liabilities not measured at fair value as of December 31, 2024:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  | Fair Value Measurement: Assets
| Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 33,150 |  |  | $ | 33,150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,150 |
Deposits with clearing organization | 70,838 |  |  | 70,838 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70,838 |
Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities borrowed | 137,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 137,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 137,177 |
Receivables from brokers | 59,487 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,487 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,487 |
Securities failed to deliver | 8,459 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,459 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,459 |
Clearing organizations and other | 36,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,355 |
| 241,478 |  |  | — |  |  | 241,478 |  |  | — |  |  | 241,478 |
Receivable from customers | 1,268,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,268,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,268,866 |
Notes receivable, net | 67,931 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,931 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,931 |
Corporate-owned life insurance | 98,828 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,828 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,828 |
Investments (1) | 1,634 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,634 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,634 |
(1) Included within other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  | Fair Value Measurement: Liabilities
| Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Drafts payable | $ | 21,661 |  |  | $ | 21,661 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,661 |
Bank call loans | 252,100 |  |  | — |  |  | 252,100 |  |  | — |  |  | 252,100 |
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities loaned | 235,498 |  |  | — |  |  | 235,498 |  |  | — |  |  | 235,498 |
Payable to brokers | 607 |  |  | — |  |  | 607 |  |  | — |  |  | 607 |
Securities failed to receive | 14,757 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,757 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,757 |
Clearing organizations and other | 1,883 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,883 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,883 |
| 252,745 |  |  | — |  |  | 252,745 |  |  | — |  |  | 252,745 |
Payables to customers | 357,835 |  |  | — |  |  | 357,835 |  |  | — |  |  | 357,835 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 931,754 |  |  | — |  |  | 931,754 |  |  | — |  |  | 931,754 |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company transacts, on a limited basis, in exchange traded and over-the-counter derivatives for both asset and liability management as well as for trading and investment purposes. Risks managed using derivative instruments include interest rate risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign exchange risk. All derivative instruments are measured at fair value and are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Foreign exchange hedges From time to time, the Company also utilizes forward and options contracts to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with compensation obligations to Oppenheimer Israel (OPCO) Ltd. employees denominated in New Israeli Shekel ("NIS"). Such hedges have not been designated as accounting hedges. Unrealized gains and losses on foreign exchange forward contracts are recorded in other assets or other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and other income in the condensed consolidated income statement. Derivatives used for trading and investment purposes Futures contracts represent commitments to purchase or sell securities or other commodities at a future date and at a specified price. Market risk exists with respect to these instruments. Notional or contractual amounts are used to express the volume of these transactions and do not represent the amounts potentially subject to market risk. The Company uses futures contracts, including U.S. Treasury Notes, federal funds, general collateral futures and Eurodollar contracts primarily as an economic hedge of interest rate risk associated with government trading activities. Unrealized gains and losses on futures contracts are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet in receivable from or payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations and in the condensed consolidated income statement as principal transactions revenue, net. To-be-announced securities The Company also transacts in pass-through mortgage-backed securities eligible to be sold in the TBA market as economic hedges against mortgage-backed securities that it owns or has sold but not yet purchased. TBAs provide for the forward or delayed delivery of the underlying instrument with settlement up to 180 days. The contractual or notional amounts related to these financial instruments reflect the volume of activity and do not reflect the amounts at risk. Net unrealized gains and losses on TBAs are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet in receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations or payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations and in the condensed consolidated income statement as principal transactions revenue, net. The notional amounts and fair values of the Company's derivatives as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 by product were as follows:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value of Derivative Instruments as of September 30, 2025
| Description |  | Notional |  | Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |
Other contracts | TBAs |  | $ | 13,985 |  |  | $ | 83 |
|  |  | $ | 13,985 |  |  | $ | 83 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | Futures |  | $ | 16,000,000 |  |  | $ | 982 |
Other contracts | TBAs |  | 13,985 |  |  | 86 |
|  |  | $ | 16,013,985 |  |  | $ | 1,068 |
(1)See "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" above for a description of derivative financial instruments. Such derivative instruments are not subject to master netting agreements, thus the related amounts are not offset.
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
| Fair Value of Derivative Instruments as of December 31, 2024
| Description |  | Notional |  | Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |
Other contracts | TBAs |  | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | Futures |  | $ | 11,475,000 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |
Other contracts | TBAs |  | 360 |  |  | — |
|  |  | $ | 11,475,360 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |
(1)See "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" above for a description of derivative financial instruments. Such derivative instruments are not subject to master netting agreements, thus the related amounts are not offset. The following table presents the location and fair value amounts of the Company's derivative instruments and their effect in the condensed consolidated income statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Income Statement
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
|  |  |  | Recognized in Income on Derivatives (pre-tax)
Types |  | Description |  | Location |  | Net Gain
Commodity contracts |  | Futures |  | Principal transactions revenue, net |  | $ | 172 |
Other contracts |  | TBAs |  | Principal transactions revenue, net |  | 3 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 175 |
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Income Statement
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
|  |  |  | Recognized in Income on Derivatives (pre-tax)
Types |  | Description |  | Location |  | Net Loss
Commodity contracts |  | Futures |  | Principal transactions revenue, net |  | $ | (5,892) |
Other contracts |  | TBAs |  | Principal transactions revenue, net |  | (2) |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | (5,894) |
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Income Statement
|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
|  |  |  | Recognized in Income on Derivatives (pre-tax)
Types |  | Description |  | Location |  | Net Gain (Loss)
Commodity contracts |  | Futures |  | Principal transactions revenue, net |  | $ | (572) |
Other contracts |  | TBAs |  | Principal transactions revenue, net |  | 19 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | (553) |
(Expressed in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | The Effect of Derivative Instruments in the Income Statement
|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
|  |  |  | Recognized in Income on Derivatives (pre-tax)
Types |  | Description |  | Location |  | Net Gain (Loss)
Commodity contracts |  | Futures |  | Principal transactions revenue, net |  | $ | (1,457) |
Other contracts |  | Foreign exchange forward contracts |  | Other revenue/(Compensation and related expenses) |  | (24) |
Other contracts |  | TBAs |  | Principal transactions revenue, net |  | 1 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,480) |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (bbb)(1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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