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Intangible Assets, Net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets, Net Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets consist of the following:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
(in thousands)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Amortizable intangible assets:
Patents$3,792 $(621)$3,170 $2,469 $(234)$2,235 
License agreements1,101 (1,014)87 1,101 (852)249 
Total amortizable intangible assets4,893 (1,635)3,258 3,570 (1,086)2,484 
Unamortized intangible assets:
Trademarks391 — 391 375 — 375 
Total intangible assets$5,284 $(1,635)$3,649 $3,945 $(1,086)$2,859 
The amortization expense is as follows for the years ended:
December 31,
202220212020
Amortization expense$265 202 153 
As of December 31, 2022, future amortization of patents and license agreements are as follows:
Year Ending December 31,(in thousands)
2023$250 
2024181 
2025181 
2026180 
2027176 
Thereafter2,290 
Total$3,258 
License Agreements
The Company has multiple license agreements with the University of Florida Research Foundation and the University of Texas at Austin (the "License Agreements") in which the Company acquired exclusive worldwide licenses for underlying technology used in repairing and regenerating nerves. The licensed technologies include the rights to issued patents and patents pending in the U.S. and international markets. The effective term of the License Agreements extends through the term of the related patents.
The Company pays royalty fees ranging from 1% to 3% under the License Agreements based on net sales of licensed products. Also, when the Company pays royalties to more than one licensor for sales of the same product, a royalty stack cap applies, capping total royalties at 3.75%.
Royalty fees included in sales and marketing on the consolidated statement of operations are as follows for the years ended:
December 31,
202220212020
Royalty fees $3,103 $2,715 $2,289