SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Merger of State Bank of Lincoln into Heartland Bank	Merger of State Bank of Lincoln into Heartland Bank On October 20, 2020, Heartland Bank and State Bank of Lincoln, both wholly-owned bank subsidiaries of the Company on that date, entered into a Bank Merger Agreement providing for the merger of State Bank of Lincoln into Heartland Bank. The merger was consummated on December 31, 2020, resulting in Heartland Bank being our sole bank subsidiary, with the branch locations in Lincoln, Illinois operating as “State Bank of Lincoln, a division of Heartland Bank and Trust Company.”
Initial Public Offering	Initial Public Offering On September 13, 2019, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on October 10, 2019. The Company issued and sold 9,429,794 shares of common stock at a price of $16 per share pursuant to that Registration Statement. Total proceeds received by the Company, net of offering costs, were $138,493,000. The proceeds were used to fund a $169,000,000 special dividend, or $9.43 per share, to stockholders of record prior to the IPO. The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies may also elect to delay adoption of new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, the Company will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies.
Sale of First Community Title Services, Inc.	Sale of First Community Title Services, Inc. On February 15, 2019, the Company consummated an agreement to sell substantially all assets and liabilities of First Community Title Services, Inc. to Illinois Real Estate Title Center, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company, for a combination of cash and an equity interest in Illinois Real Estate Title Center, LLC representing total consideration of approximately $498,000.
Basis of Consolidation	Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of HBT Financial, Inc. include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned bank subsidiary, Heartland Bank. The Company also has five wholly owned subsidiaries, Heartland Bancorp, Inc. Capital Trust B, Heartland Bancorp, Inc. Capital Trust C, Heartland Bancorp, Inc. Capital Trust D, FFBI Capital Trust I, and National Bancorp Statutory Trust I, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not consolidated as more fully described in Note 14. Significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
Unaudited Pro Forma Income Statement Information	Unaudited Pro Forma Income Statement Information Effective October 11, 2019, the Company revoked its S Corporation status and became a taxable entity (C Corporation). As such, any periods prior to October 11, 2019 will only reflect state replacement taxes. The unaudited pro forma C Corp equivalent income tax expense information gives effect to the income tax expense had the Company been a C Corporation during the year ended December 31, 2019. The unaudited pro forma C Corp equivalent net income information, therefore, includes an adjustment for income tax expense as if the Company had been a C Corporation during the year ended December 31, 2019. The unaudited pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share information is computed using the unaudited pro forma C Corp equivalent net income and weighted average shares of common stock outstanding. There were no dilutive instruments outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2019; therefore, the unaudited pro forma C Corp equivalent basic and diluted earnings per share amounts are the same.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and the reported results of operations for the periods then ended. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations.
Business and Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk	Business and Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company provides several types of loans to individuals, businesses, and municipal entities primarily located in its customer service area. Real estate and commercial loans are principal areas of concentration. The Company also strives to meet the borrowing needs of the consumers in its market areas. Extension of credit is generally limited to the primary trade areas of the Company. Primary deposit products of the Bank are noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing demand accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and term certificate of deposit accounts.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents For purposes of reporting consolidated cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and amounts due from banks, all of which have an original maturity within 90 days or less. Cash flows from loans and deposits are reported net.
Interest-Bearing Time Deposits with Banks	Interest-Bearing Time Deposits with Banks Interest-bearing time deposits with banks are carried at cost.
Debt Securities	Debt Securities Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity and are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Debt securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses on debt securities available-for-sale are included in noninterest income when applicable and reported as a reclassification adjustment in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses on sales of securities are determined using the specific identification method on the trade date. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the interest method over the period to maturity. Any transfers of debt securities into the held-to-maturity category from the available-for-sale category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding gain or loss at the date of transfer is retained in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity securities. Such amounts are amortized over the period to maturity. Declines in the fair value of individual securities below their cost that are other-than-temporary result in write-downs of the individual securities to their fair value. The Company monitors the investment security portfolio for impairment on an individual security basis and has a process in place to identify securities that could potentially have a credit impairment that is other-than-temporary. This process involves analyzing the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis, the market liquidity for the security, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, expected cash flows, and the intent of the Company to not sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. A decline in value due to a credit event that is considered other-than-temporary is recorded as a loss in noninterest income.
Equity Securities	Equity Securities Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in gains (losses) on securities on the statements of income. The Company has elected to measure its equity securities with no readily determinable fair values at their cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus charges resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.
Restricted Stock	Restricted Stock Restricted stock, which consists of Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (“FHLB”) stock, is carried at cost and evaluated for impairment.
Loans Held for Sale	Loans Held for Sale Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The Company obtains quotes or bids on these loans directly from purchasing financial institutions. Typically, these quotes include a premium on sale and thus quotes typically indicate fair value of the held for sale loans is greater than cost. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with the mortgage servicing rights retained by the Company. The carrying value of mortgage loans sold is reduced by fair value allocated to the associated mortgage servicing rights. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related mortgage loans sold.
Loans	Loans Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for charge-offs and the allowance for loan losses, deferred loan fees or costs on originated loans, and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income if it was accrued during the current year and charged-off against the allowance for loan losses if accrued in a prior year. Amortization of related deferred loan fees or costs is also suspended at this time. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Allowance for Loan Losses	Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses (“allowance”) is an estimate of loan losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses represents amounts that have been established to recognize incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the date of the consolidated financial statements. The allowance is established through a provision for loan losses which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance. Loan losses are charged off against the allowance when the Company determines the loan balance to be uncollectible. Cash received on previously charged off amounts is recorded as a recovery to the allowance. The allowance consists of two primary components, general reserves and specific reserves related to impaired loans. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical losses adjusted for qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent 16-quarter period. This actual loss experience is adjusted for qualitative factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These qualitative factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. These qualitative factors are inherently subjective and are driven by the repayment risk associated with each portfolio segment. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company reviews the loan portfolio on an ongoing basis to determine whether any loans require classification and impairment testing in accordance with applicable regulations and accounting principles. Loans determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan is classified as either substandard or doubtful and in certain other cases, such as troubled debt restructurings, the Company generally measures impairment based on the fair value of the collateral, but also may use the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original contractual interest rate, when practical. Under certain circumstances, the Company will provide borrowers relief through loan restructurings. A restructuring of debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the Company for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured loans typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. TDR concessions can include reduction of interest rates, extension of maturity dates, forgiveness of principal or interest due, or acceptance of other assets in full or partial satisfaction of the debt. In general, if the Company grants a TDR that involves either the absence of principal amortization or a material extension of an existing loan amortization period in excess of our underwriting standards, the loan will be placed on nonaccrual status. However, if a TDR is well secured by an abundance of collateral and the collectability of both interest and principal is probable, the loan may remain on accrual status. A nonaccrual TDR in full compliance with the payment requirements specified in the loan modification for at least six months may return to accrual status, if the collectability of both principal and interest is probable. All TDRs are individually evaluated for impairment. The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans and periodically performs detailed internal reviews of all such loans that are part of relationships with over $500,000 in total exposure to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. These risk ratings are also subject to review by the Company’s regulators, external loan review, and internal loan review. During the internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which the borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing the loans. The risk rating is reviewed annually, at a minimum, and on an as needed basis depending on the specific circumstances of the loan. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan. Risk ratings are grouped into four major categories, defined as follows: Pass: A Pass loan is a credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention. Pass-Watch: A Pass-Watch loan is still considered a Pass credit and not a classified or criticized asset, but is a reflection of a borrower who exhibits credit weaknesses or downward trends warranting close attention and increased monitoring. These potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan. No loss of principal or interest is expected, and the borrower does not pose sufficient risk to warrant classification. Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as Substandard have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized as probable that the borrower will not pay principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms. Doubtful: A Doubtful loan has all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The Company maintains a separate general valuation allowance for each portfolio segment. These portfolio segments include commercial and industrial, agricultural and farmland, commercial real estate – owner occupied, commercial real estate – non-owner occupied, multi-family, construction and land development, one-to-four family residential, and municipal, consumer and other, with risk characteristics described as follows: Commercial and Industrial: Consists of loans typically granted for working capital, asset acquisition and other business purposes. These loans are underwritten primarily based on the borrower’s cash flow with most loans secondarily supported by collateral. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment, and are typically supported by personal guarantees of the owners. Cash flows and collateral values may fluctuate based on general economic conditions, specific industry conditions and specific borrower circumstances. Agricultural and Farmland: Consists of loans typically secured by farmland, agricultural operating assets, or a combination of both, and are generally underwritten to existing cash flows of operating agricultural businesses. Debt repayment is provided by business cash flows. Economic trends influenced by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are not closely correlated to the credit quality of agricultural and farmland loans. The credit quality of these loans is most correlated to changes in prices of corn and soybeans and, to a lesser extent, weather, which has been partially mitigated by federal crop insurance programs. Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied: Consists of loans secured by commercial real estate that is both owned and occupied by the same or a related borrower. These loans are primarily underwritten based on the cash flow of the business occupying the property. As with commercial and industrial loans, cash flows and collateral values may fluctuate based on general economic conditions, specific industry conditions, and specific borrower circumstances. Commercial Real Estate - Non-owner Occupied: Consists of loans secured by commercial real estate for which the primary source of repayment is the sale or rental cash flows from the underlying collateral. These loans are underwritten based primarily on the historic or projected cash flow from the underlying collateral. Adverse economic developments or an overbuilt market typically impact commercial real estate projects. Trends in rental and vacancy rates of commercial properties impact the credit quality of these loans. Multi-family: Consists of loans secured by five or more unit apartment buildings. Multi-family loans may be affected by demographic and population trends, unemployment or underemployment, and deteriorating market values of real estate. Construction and Land Development: Consists of loans for speculative and pre-sold construction projects for developers intending to either sell upon completion or hold for long term investment, as well as construction of projects to be owner occupied. In addition, loans in this segment generally possess a higher inherent risk of loss than other portfolio segments due to risk of non-completion, changes in budgeted costs, and changes in market forces during the term of the construction period. One-to-four Family Residential: Consists of loans secured by one-to-four family residences, including both first and junior lien mortgage loans for owner occupied and non-owner occupied properties and home equity lines of credit. The degree of risk in residential mortgage lending depends on the local economy, including the local real estate market and unemployment rates. Municipal, Consumer and Other: Loans to municipalities include obligations of municipal entities and loans sponsored by municipal entities for the benefit of a private entity where that private entity, rather than the municipal entity, is responsible for repayment of the obligation. Consumer loans include loans to individuals for consumer purposes and typically consist of small balance loans. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of the consumer loans. Loans to other financial institutions, as well as leases, are also included. Although management believes the allowance to be adequate, ultimate losses may vary from its estimates. At least quarterly, the Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance, including consideration of the relevant risks in the portfolio, current economic conditions and other factors. If the Board of Directors and management determine that changes are warranted based on those reviews, the allowance is adjusted. In addition, the Company’s regulators review the adequacy of the allowance and may require additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available at the time of their examinations.
Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality	Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality Loans acquired that have evidence of deterioration in credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable, are initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no allowance for loan losses. Loans are evaluated by management at the time of purchase to determine if there is evidence of deterioration in credit quality since origination. Loans where there is evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination may be aggregated and accounted for as a pool of loans if the loans being aggregated have common risk characteristics. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan, or the “accretable yield,” is recognized as interest income over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as a yield adjustment. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses. Subsequent increases in expected cash flows result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges or a reclassification of the difference from nonaccretable to accretable yield with a positive impact on interest income on a prospective basis. If the Company does not have the information necessary to reasonably estimate cash flows to be expected, it may use the cost recovery method or cash basis method of income recognition.
Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments	Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under credit arrangements, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.
Loan Servicing	Loan Servicing The Company periodically sells mortgage loans on the secondary market with servicing retained. For sales of mortgage loans, a portion of the cost of originating the loan is allocated to the servicing right based on fair value. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds, and default rates and losses. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets and changes in fair value are recorded in mortgage servicing rights fair value adjustment on the consolidated statements of income.
Bank Owned Life Insurance	Bank Owned Life Insurance Bank owned life insurance represents life insurance policies on the lives of certain current and former employees and directors for which the Company is the sole owner and beneficiary. These policies are recorded as an asset in the consolidated balance sheets at their cash surrender value ("CSV") or the current amount that could be realized if settled. The change in CSV and insurance proceeds received are included as a component of noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.
Bank Premises and Equipment	Bank Premises and Equipment Land is carried at cost. Bank premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets using the straight-line method.
Bank Premises Held for Sale	Bank Premises Held for Sale Bank premises held for sale is carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. The bank premises are not depreciated while classified as held for sale.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell.
Lease Obligations	Lease Obligations The Company leases certain bank premises under non-cancelable operating leases in the normal course of business operations. These lease obligations result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and associated lease contract liabilities. The amount of right-of-use assets and associated lease contract liabilities recorded is based on the present value of future minimum lease payments. The discount rate used is equal to the rate implicit in the lease, when readily determinable, or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis over a similar term. Right-of-use assets are included in other assets and lease contract liabilities are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and were insignificant as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Foreclosed Assets	Foreclosed Assets Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Any write-down based on the fair value of the asset at the date of acquisition is charged to the allowance for loan losses. If the fair value of the asset less estimated cost to sell exceeds the recorded investment in the loan at the date of foreclosure, the increase in value is charged to current year operations unless there has been a prior charge-off, in which case a recovery to the allowance for loan losses is recorded. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Write-downs of foreclosed assets subsequent to foreclosure are charged to current year operations as are gains and losses from sale of foreclosed assets, as well as expenses to maintain and hold foreclosed assets.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the original cost over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is subject to an annual impairment evaluation. The Company has selected December 31 as the date to perform the annual impairment test. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s evaluations of goodwill indicated that goodwill was not impaired. Additionally, due to the economic weakness resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company completed a quantitative assessment of goodwill as of March 31, 2020 which indicated that goodwill was not impaired. Further goodwill impairment evaluations, which may result in goodwill impairment, may be necessary if events or circumstance changes would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Other identifiable intangible assets consist of core deposit intangible assets with definite useful lives which are being amortized using an accelerated depreciation method over 10 years. The Company will periodically review the status of core deposit intangible assets for any events or circumstances which may change the recoverability of the underlying basis.
Wealth Management Assets and Fees	Wealth Management Assets and Fees Assets of the wealth management department of the Bank are not included in the consolidated balance sheets as such assets are not assets of the Company or the Bank. Fee income generated from wealth management services is recorded in the consolidated statements of income as a source of noninterest income.
Employee Benefit Plans	Employee Benefit Plans The Company sponsors a profit sharing plan under which the Company may contribute, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a discretionary amount to all participating employees for the plan year. Participating employees are those employees in service on the valuation date who were employed on the last day of the plan year then ended, were on leave of absence on the last day of the plan year then ended, or any participant whose service was terminated during the plan year then ended due to retirement, disability, or death. A 401(k) feature also allows the Bank to make discretionary matching contributions in an amount up to 5% of compensation contributed by employees.
Stock Based Compensation	Stock Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation cost over the requisite service period, if any, which is generally defined as the vesting period. For awards classified as equity, compensation cost is based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. For awards classified as liabilities, compensation cost also includes subsequent remeasurements of the fair value of the awards until the award is settled. The Company’s policy is to recognize forfeitures as they occur.
Transfers of Financial Assets and Participating Interests	Transfers of Financial Assets and Participating Interests Transfers of an entire financial asset or a participating interest in an entire financial asset are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. The transfer of a participating interest in an entire financial asset must also meet the definition of a participating interest. A participating interest in a financial asset has all of the following characteristics: (1) from the date of transfer, it must represent a proportionate (pro rata) ownership interest in the financial asset, (2) from the date of transfer, all cash flows received, except any cash flows allocated as any compensation for servicing or other services performed, must be divided proportionately among participating interest holders in the amount equal to their share ownership, (3) the rights of each participating interest holder must have the same priority, and (4) no party has the right to pledge or exchange the entire financial asset unless all participating interest holders agree to do so.
Advertising Costs	Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Through October 10, 2019, the Company, with the consent of its then current stockholders, elected to be taxed under sections of federal and state income tax law as an "S Corporation" which provides that, in lieu of Company income taxes, except for state replacement taxes, the stockholders separately account for their pro rata shares of the Company’s items of income, deductions, losses and credits. As a result of this election, no income taxes, other than state replacement taxes, have been recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements prior to October 11, 2019. No provision has been made for any amounts which may be advanced or paid as dividends to the stockholders to assist them in paying their personal taxes on the income from the Company. Effective October 11, 2019, the Company voluntarily revoked its S Corporation status and became a taxable entity (C Corporation). In connection with the conversion of tax status, the Company recognized a deferred tax asset of $534,000 and an income tax benefit of $534,000. Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. With regard to uncertain tax matters, the Company recognizes in the consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position taken, or expected to be taken, if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit based on the technical merit of the position. Management has analyzed the tax positions taken by the Company and concluded as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there are no uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken that require recognition of a liability or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties in operating expenses. The Company files consolidated federal and state income tax returns. The Company is no longer subject to federal or state income tax examinations for years prior to 2018.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments As part of the Company’s asset/liability management, the Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge various exposures or to modify interest rate characteristics of various balance sheet accounts. Derivatives that are used as part of the asset/liability management process are linked to specific assets or liabilities, or pools of assets or liabilities, and have high correlation between the contract and the underlying item being hedged, both at inception and throughout the hedge period. All derivatives are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Company may designate the derivative as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability "cash flow" hedge. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and that is designated and qualifies as a cash-flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows (e.g., when periodic settlements on a variable-rate asset or liability are recorded in earnings). The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedged transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as cash-flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (a) it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of a hedged item (including forecasted transactions); (b) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised; (c) the derivative is dedesignated as a hedge instrument, because it is unlikely that a forecasted transaction will occur; or (d) management determines that designation of the derivative as a hedge instrument is no longer appropriate. When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, the derivative will continue to be carried on the consolidated balance sheet at its fair value, and gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) will be recognized immediately in earnings. In all other situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued, the derivative will be carried at its fair value on the balance sheet, with subsequent changes in its fair value recognized in current-period earnings.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale and interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income (loss).
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique used to determine fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used in the determination of the fair value measurement fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Assets and liabilities valued at fair value are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows: Level 1 - Inputs that are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Level 2 - Inputs that are significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 - Inputs that are unobservable inputs that reflect a Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing as asset or liability. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company may re-measure the carrying value of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis to fair value. Adjustments to fair value usually result when certain assets are impaired. Such assets are written down from their carrying amounts to their fair value. Accounting standards allow entities the irrevocable option to elect to measure certain financial instruments and other items at fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The Company adopted the policy and has not elected to measure any existing financial instruments at fair value, except for mortgage servicing rights; however, it may elect to measure newly acquired financial instruments at fair value in the future.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers	Revenue from Contracts with Customers ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, requires an entity to recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. To achieve this, the Company takes the following steps: identify the contract(s) with a customer; identify the performance obligations in the contract; determine the transaction price; allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The non-interest revenue streams that are considered to be in the scope of this guidance are discussed below. Card income: Consists of debit and credit card interchange fees. For debit and credit card transactions, the Company considers the merchant as the customer for interchange revenue with the performance obligation being satisfied when the cardholder purchases goods or services from the merchant. Interchange revenue is recognized as the services are provided. Payment is typically received daily. Service charges on deposit accounts: Consists of account analysis fees, monthly service fees, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation account analysis fees and monthly service fees are ongoing and either party may cancel at any time. These fees are generally recognized as the services are rendered on a monthly basis. Payment is typically received monthly. Other deposit account related fees are largely transaction based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for other deposit account related fees is primarily received immediately through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. Wealth management fees: Consists of revenue from the management and advisement of client assets and trust administration. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time, and the fees are recognized monthly. Payment is typically received quarterly or annually. Title insurance activity: Consists of fees related to real estate sale closings, title search fees, and title insurance premiums with First Community Title Services, Inc. acting as an agent. The Company’s performance obligations were generally satisfied and payment was typically received at the time a real estate transaction was finalized. In 2019, First Community Title Services, Inc. was sold, and the Company did not have title insurance activity revenue in subsequent periods.
Segment Reporting	Segment Reporting The Company’s operations consist of one reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the operations of the Company using consolidated information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation without any impact on the reported amounts of net income or stockholders’ equity.
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events In preparing these consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. In addition, ASU 2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this standard will have on the consolidated results of operations and financial position. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU simplifies measurement of goodwill and eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the ASU, a company should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The impairment charge is limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The amendments in this update are effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. Entities may apply the provisions as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made and are available until December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this standard will have on the consolidated results of operations and financial position.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Merger of State Bank of Lincoln into Heartland Bank

On October 20, 2020, Heartland Bank and State Bank of Lincoln, both wholly-owned bank subsidiaries of the Company on that date, entered into a Bank Merger Agreement providing for the merger of State Bank of Lincoln into Heartland Bank. The merger was consummated on December 31, 2020, resulting in Heartland Bank being our sole bank subsidiary, with the branch locations in Lincoln, Illinois operating as “State Bank of Lincoln, a division of Heartland Bank and Trust Company.”

Initial Public Offering

Initial Public Offering

On September 13, 2019, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on October 10, 2019. The Company issued and sold 9,429,794 shares of common stock at a price of $16 per share pursuant to that Registration Statement. Total proceeds received by the Company, net of offering costs, were $138,493,000. The proceeds were used to fund a $169,000,000 special dividend, or $9.43 per share, to stockholders of record prior to the IPO.

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies may also elect to delay adoption of new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, the Company will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies.

Sale of First Community Title Services, Inc.

On February 15, 2019, the Company consummated an agreement to sell substantially all assets and liabilities of First Community Title Services, Inc. to Illinois Real Estate Title Center, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company, for a combination of cash and an equity interest in Illinois Real Estate Title Center, LLC representing total consideration of approximately $498,000.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of HBT Financial, Inc. include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned bank subsidiary, Heartland Bank.

The Company also has five wholly owned subsidiaries, Heartland Bancorp, Inc. Capital Trust B, Heartland Bancorp, Inc. Capital Trust C, Heartland Bancorp, Inc. Capital Trust D, FFBI Capital Trust I, and National Bancorp Statutory Trust I, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not consolidated as more fully described in Note 14.

Significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Pro Forma Income Statement Information

Effective October 11, 2019, the Company revoked its S Corporation status and became a taxable entity (C Corporation). As such, any periods prior to October 11, 2019 will only reflect state replacement taxes.

The unaudited pro forma C Corp equivalent income tax expense information gives effect to the income tax expense had the Company been a C Corporation during the year ended December 31, 2019. The unaudited pro forma C Corp equivalent net income information, therefore, includes an adjustment for income tax expense as if the Company had been a C Corporation during the year ended December 31, 2019.

The unaudited pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share information is computed using the unaudited pro forma C Corp equivalent net income and weighted average shares of common stock outstanding. There were no dilutive instruments outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2019; therefore, the unaudited pro forma C Corp equivalent basic and diluted earnings per share amounts are the same.

Use of Estimates

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and the reported results of operations for the periods then ended.

Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations.

Business and Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company provides several types of loans to individuals, businesses, and municipal entities primarily located in its customer service area. Real estate and commercial loans are principal areas of concentration. The Company also strives to meet the borrowing needs of the consumers in its market areas. Extension of credit is generally limited to the primary trade areas of the Company. Primary deposit products of the Bank are noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing demand accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and term certificate of deposit accounts.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting consolidated cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and amounts due from banks, all of which have an original maturity within 90 days or less. Cash flows from loans and deposits are reported net.

Interest-Bearing Time Deposits with Banks

Interest-bearing time deposits with banks are carried at cost.

Debt Securities

Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity and are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Debt securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses on debt securities available-for-sale are included in noninterest income when applicable and reported as a reclassification adjustment in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses on sales of securities are determined using the specific identification method on the trade date. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the interest method over the period to maturity.

Any transfers of debt securities into the held-to-maturity category from the available-for-sale category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding gain or loss at the date of transfer is retained in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity securities. Such amounts are amortized over the period to maturity.

Declines in the fair value of individual securities below their cost that are other-than-temporary result in write-downs of the individual securities to their fair value. The Company monitors the investment security portfolio for impairment on an individual security basis and has a process in place to identify securities that could potentially have a credit impairment that is other-than-temporary. This process involves analyzing the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis, the market liquidity for the security, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, expected cash flows, and the intent of the Company to not sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. A decline in value due to a credit event that is considered other-than-temporary is recorded as a loss in noninterest income.

Equity Securities

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in gains (losses) on securities on the statements of income.

The Company has elected to measure its equity securities with no readily determinable fair values at their cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus charges resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock, which consists of Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (“FHLB”) stock, is carried at cost and evaluated for impairment.

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The Company obtains quotes or bids on these loans directly from purchasing financial institutions. Typically, these quotes include a premium on sale and thus quotes typically indicate fair value of the held for sale loans is greater than cost. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income.

Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with the mortgage servicing rights retained by the Company. The carrying value of mortgage loans sold is reduced by fair value allocated to the associated mortgage servicing rights. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related mortgage loans sold.

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for charge-offs and the allowance for loan losses, deferred loan fees or costs on originated loans, and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans.

Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income if it was accrued during the current year and charged-off against the allowance for loan losses if accrued in a prior year. Amortization of related deferred loan fees or costs is also suspended at this time. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses (“allowance”) is an estimate of loan losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses represents amounts that have been established to recognize incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the date of the consolidated financial statements. The allowance is established through a provision for loan losses which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance. Loan losses are charged off against the allowance when the Company determines the loan balance to be uncollectible. Cash received on previously charged off amounts is recorded as a recovery to the allowance.

The allowance consists of two primary components, general reserves and specific reserves related to impaired loans. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical losses adjusted for qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent 16-quarter period. This actual loss experience is adjusted for qualitative factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These qualitative factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations.

These qualitative factors are inherently subjective and are driven by the repayment risk associated with each portfolio segment.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company reviews the loan portfolio on an ongoing basis to determine whether any loans require classification and impairment testing in accordance with applicable regulations and accounting principles. Loans determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan is classified as either substandard or doubtful and in certain other cases, such as troubled debt restructurings, the Company generally measures impairment based on the fair value of the collateral, but also may use the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original contractual interest rate, when practical.

Under certain circumstances, the Company will provide borrowers relief through loan restructurings. A restructuring of debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the Company for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured loans typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. TDR concessions can include reduction of interest rates, extension of maturity dates, forgiveness of principal or interest due, or acceptance of other assets in full or partial satisfaction of the debt.

In general, if the Company grants a TDR that involves either the absence of principal amortization or a material extension of an existing loan amortization period in excess of our underwriting standards, the loan will be placed on nonaccrual status. However, if a TDR is well secured by an abundance of collateral and the collectability of both interest and principal is probable, the loan may remain on accrual status. A nonaccrual TDR in full compliance with the payment requirements specified in the loan modification for at least six months may return to accrual status, if the collectability of both principal and interest is probable. All TDRs are individually evaluated for impairment.

The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans and periodically performs detailed internal reviews of all such loans that are part of relationships with over $500,000 in total exposure to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. These risk ratings are also subject to review by the Company’s regulators, external loan review, and internal loan review. During the internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which the borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing the loans. The risk rating is reviewed annually, at a minimum, and on an as needed basis depending on the specific circumstances of the loan. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan. Risk ratings are grouped into four major categories, defined as follows:

Pass: A Pass loan is a credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.

Pass-Watch: A Pass-Watch loan is still considered a Pass credit and not a classified or criticized asset, but is a reflection of a borrower who exhibits credit weaknesses or downward trends warranting close attention and increased monitoring. These potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan. No loss of principal or interest is expected, and the borrower does not pose sufficient risk to warrant classification.

Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as Substandard have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized as probable that the borrower will not pay principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms.

Doubtful: A Doubtful loan has all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The Company maintains a separate general valuation allowance for each portfolio segment. These portfolio segments include commercial and industrial, agricultural and farmland, commercial real estate – owner occupied, commercial real estate – non-owner occupied, multi-family, construction and land development, one-to-four family residential, and municipal, consumer and other, with risk characteristics described as follows:

Commercial and Industrial: Consists of loans typically granted for working capital, asset acquisition and other business purposes. These loans are underwritten primarily based on the borrower’s cash flow with most loans secondarily supported by collateral. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment, and are typically supported by personal guarantees of the owners. Cash flows and collateral values may fluctuate based on general economic conditions, specific industry conditions and specific borrower circumstances.

Agricultural and Farmland: Consists of loans typically secured by farmland, agricultural operating assets, or a combination of both, and are generally underwritten to existing cash flows of operating agricultural businesses. Debt repayment is provided by business cash flows. Economic trends influenced by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are not closely correlated to the credit quality of agricultural and farmland loans. The credit quality of these loans is most correlated to changes in prices of corn and soybeans and, to a lesser extent, weather, which has been partially mitigated by federal crop insurance programs.

Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied: Consists of loans secured by commercial real estate that is both owned and occupied by the same or a related borrower. These loans are primarily underwritten based on the cash flow of the business occupying the property. As with commercial and industrial loans, cash flows and collateral values may fluctuate based on general economic conditions, specific industry conditions, and specific borrower circumstances.

Commercial Real Estate - Non-owner Occupied: Consists of loans secured by commercial real estate for which the primary source of repayment is the sale or rental cash flows from the underlying collateral. These loans are underwritten based primarily on the historic or projected cash flow from the underlying collateral. Adverse economic developments or an overbuilt market typically impact commercial real estate projects. Trends in rental and vacancy rates of commercial properties impact the credit quality of these loans.

Multi-family: Consists of loans secured by five or more unit apartment buildings. Multi-family loans may be affected by demographic and population trends, unemployment or underemployment, and deteriorating market values of real estate.

Construction and Land Development: Consists of loans for speculative and pre-sold construction projects for developers intending to either sell upon completion or hold for long term investment, as well as construction of projects to be owner occupied. In addition, loans in this segment generally possess a higher inherent risk of loss than other portfolio segments due to risk of non-completion, changes in budgeted costs, and changes in market forces during the term of the construction period.

One-to-four Family Residential: Consists of loans secured by one-to-four family residences, including both first and junior lien mortgage loans for owner occupied and non-owner occupied properties and home equity lines of credit. The degree of risk in residential mortgage lending depends on the local economy, including the local real estate market and unemployment rates.

Municipal, Consumer and Other: Loans to municipalities include obligations of municipal entities and loans sponsored by municipal entities for the benefit of a private entity where that private entity, rather than the municipal entity, is responsible for repayment of the obligation. Consumer loans include loans to individuals for consumer purposes and typically consist of small balance loans. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of the consumer loans. Loans to other financial institutions, as well as leases, are also included.

Although management believes the allowance to be adequate, ultimate losses may vary from its estimates. At least quarterly, the Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance, including consideration of the relevant risks in the portfolio, current economic conditions and other factors. If the Board of Directors and management determine that changes are warranted based on those reviews, the allowance is adjusted. In addition, the Company’s regulators review the adequacy of the allowance and may require additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available at the time of their examinations.

Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality

Loans acquired that have evidence of deterioration in credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable, are initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no allowance for loan losses. Loans are evaluated by management at the time of purchase to determine if there is evidence of deterioration in credit quality since origination. Loans where there is evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination may be aggregated and accounted for as a pool of loans if the loans being aggregated have common risk characteristics. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan, or the “accretable yield,” is recognized as interest income over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as a yield adjustment. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses. Subsequent increases in expected cash flows result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges or a reclassification of the difference from nonaccretable to accretable yield with a positive impact on interest income on a prospective basis. If the Company does not have the information necessary to reasonably estimate cash flows to be expected, it may use the cost recovery method or cash basis method of income recognition.

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under credit arrangements, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Loan Servicing

The Company periodically sells mortgage loans on the secondary market with servicing retained. For sales of mortgage loans, a portion of the cost of originating the loan is allocated to the servicing right based on fair value. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds, and default rates and losses. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets and changes in fair value are recorded in mortgage servicing rights fair value adjustment on the consolidated statements of income.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank owned life insurance represents life insurance policies on the lives of certain current and former employees and directors for which the Company is the sole owner and beneficiary. These policies are recorded as an asset in the consolidated balance sheets at their cash surrender value ("CSV") or the current amount that could be realized if settled. The change in CSV and insurance proceeds received are included as a component of noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.

Bank Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Bank premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets using the straight-line method.

Bank Premises Held for Sale

Bank premises held for sale is carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. The bank premises are not depreciated while classified as held for sale.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell.

Lease Obligations

Lease Obligations

The Company leases certain bank premises under non-cancelable operating leases in the normal course of business operations. These lease obligations result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and associated lease contract liabilities. The amount of right-of-use assets and associated lease contract liabilities recorded is based on the present value of future minimum lease payments. The discount rate used is equal to the rate implicit in the lease, when readily determinable, or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis over a similar term. Right-of-use assets are included in other assets and lease contract liabilities are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and were insignificant as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Foreclosed Assets

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Any write-down based on the fair value of the asset at the date of acquisition is charged to the allowance for loan losses. If the fair value of the asset less estimated cost to sell exceeds the recorded investment in the loan at the date of foreclosure, the increase in value is charged to current year operations unless there has been a prior charge-off, in which case a recovery to the allowance for loan losses is recorded. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Write-downs of foreclosed assets subsequent to foreclosure are charged to current year operations as are gains and losses from sale of foreclosed assets, as well as expenses to maintain and hold foreclosed assets.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the original cost over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is subject to an annual impairment evaluation. The Company has selected December 31 as the date to perform the annual impairment test. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s evaluations of goodwill indicated that goodwill was not impaired.

Additionally, due to the economic weakness resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company completed a quantitative assessment of goodwill as of March 31, 2020 which indicated that goodwill was not impaired. Further goodwill impairment evaluations, which may result in goodwill impairment, may be necessary if events or circumstance changes would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

Other identifiable intangible assets consist of core deposit intangible assets with definite useful lives which are being amortized using an accelerated depreciation method over 10 years. The Company will periodically review the status of core deposit intangible assets for any events or circumstances which may change the recoverability of the underlying basis.

Wealth Management Assets and Fees

Assets of the wealth management department of the Bank are not included in the consolidated balance sheets as such assets are not assets of the Company or the Bank. Fee income generated from wealth management services is recorded in the consolidated statements of income as a source of noninterest income.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors a profit sharing plan under which the Company may contribute, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a discretionary amount to all participating employees for the plan year. Participating employees are those employees in service on the valuation date who were employed on the last day of the plan year then ended, were on leave of absence on the last day of the plan year then ended, or any participant whose service was terminated during the plan year then ended due to retirement, disability, or death. A 401(k) feature also allows the Bank to make discretionary matching contributions in an amount up to 5% of compensation contributed by employees.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation cost over the requisite service period, if any, which is generally defined as the vesting period. For awards classified as equity, compensation cost is based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. For awards classified as liabilities, compensation cost also includes subsequent remeasurements of the fair value of the awards until the award is settled. The Company’s policy is to recognize forfeitures as they occur.

Transfers of Financial Assets and Participating Interests

Transfers of an entire financial asset or a participating interest in an entire financial asset are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

The transfer of a participating interest in an entire financial asset must also meet the definition of a participating interest. A participating interest in a financial asset has all of the following characteristics: (1) from the date of transfer, it must represent a proportionate (pro rata) ownership interest in the financial asset, (2) from the date of transfer, all cash flows received, except any cash flows allocated as any compensation for servicing or other services performed, must be divided proportionately among participating interest holders in the amount equal to their share ownership, (3) the rights of each participating interest holder must have the same priority, and (4) no party has the right to pledge or exchange the entire financial asset unless all participating interest holders agree to do so.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

Through October 10, 2019, the Company, with the consent of its then current stockholders, elected to be taxed under sections of federal and state income tax law as an "S Corporation" which provides that, in lieu of Company income taxes, except for state replacement taxes, the stockholders separately account for their pro rata shares of the Company’s items of income, deductions, losses and credits. As a result of this election, no income taxes, other than state replacement taxes, have been recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements prior to October 11, 2019. No provision has been made for any amounts which may be advanced or paid as dividends to the stockholders to assist them in paying their personal taxes on the income from the Company.

Effective October 11, 2019, the Company voluntarily revoked its S Corporation status and became a taxable entity (C Corporation). In connection with the conversion of tax status, the Company recognized a deferred tax asset of $534,000 and an income tax benefit of $534,000.

Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

With regard to uncertain tax matters, the Company recognizes in the consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position taken, or expected to be taken, if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit based on the technical merit of the position. Management has analyzed the tax positions taken by the Company and concluded as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there are no uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken that require recognition of a liability or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties in operating expenses.

The Company files consolidated federal and state income tax returns. The Company is no longer subject to federal or state income tax examinations for years prior to 2018.

Derivative Financial Instruments

As part of the Company’s asset/liability management, the Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge various exposures or to modify interest rate characteristics of various balance sheet accounts. Derivatives that are used as part of the asset/liability management process are linked to specific assets or liabilities, or pools of assets or liabilities, and have high correlation between the contract and the underlying item being hedged, both at inception and throughout the hedge period.

All derivatives are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Company may designate the derivative as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability "cash flow" hedge. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and that is designated and qualifies as a cash-flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows (e.g., when periodic settlements on a variable-rate asset or liability are recorded in earnings).

The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedged transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as cash-flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively.

The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (a) it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of a hedged item (including forecasted transactions); (b) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised; (c) the derivative is dedesignated as a hedge instrument, because it is unlikely that a forecasted transaction will occur; or (d) management determines that designation of the derivative as a hedge instrument is no longer appropriate.

When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, the derivative will continue to be carried on the consolidated balance sheet at its fair value, and gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) will be recognized immediately in earnings. In all other situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued, the derivative will be carried at its fair value on the balance sheet, with subsequent changes in its fair value recognized in current-period earnings.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale and interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income (loss).

Fair Value Measurements

The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique used to determine fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used in the determination of the fair value measurement fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Assets and liabilities valued at fair value are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs that are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs that are significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Inputs that are unobservable inputs that reflect a Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing as asset or liability.

Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company may re-measure the carrying value of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis to fair value. Adjustments to fair value usually result when certain assets are impaired. Such assets are written down from their carrying amounts to their fair value.

Accounting standards allow entities the irrevocable option to elect to measure certain financial instruments and other items at fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The Company adopted the policy and has not elected to measure any existing financial instruments at fair value, except for mortgage servicing rights; however, it may elect to measure newly acquired financial instruments at fair value in the future.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, requires an entity to recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. To achieve this, the Company takes the following steps: identify the contract(s) with a customer; identify the performance obligations in the contract; determine the transaction price; allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The non-interest revenue streams that are considered to be in the scope of this guidance are discussed below.

Card income: Consists of debit and credit card interchange fees. For debit and credit card transactions, the Company considers the merchant as the customer for interchange revenue with the performance obligation being satisfied when the cardholder purchases goods or services from the merchant. Interchange revenue is recognized as the services are provided. Payment is typically received daily.

Service charges on deposit accounts: Consists of account analysis fees, monthly service fees, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation account analysis fees and monthly service fees are ongoing and either party may cancel at any time. These fees are generally recognized as the services are rendered on a monthly basis. Payment is typically received monthly. Other deposit account related fees are largely transaction based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for other deposit account related fees is primarily received immediately through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Wealth management fees: Consists of revenue from the management and advisement of client assets and trust administration. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time, and the fees are recognized monthly. Payment is typically received quarterly or annually.

Title insurance activity: Consists of fees related to real estate sale closings, title search fees, and title insurance premiums with First Community Title Services, Inc. acting as an agent. The Company’s performance obligations were generally satisfied and payment was typically received at the time a real estate transaction was finalized. In 2019, First Community Title Services, Inc. was sold, and the Company did not have title insurance activity revenue in subsequent periods.

Segment Reporting

The Company’s operations consist of one reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the operations of the Company using consolidated information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation without any impact on the reported amounts of net income or stockholders’ equity.

Subsequent Events

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. In addition, ASU 2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this standard will have on the consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU simplifies measurement of goodwill and eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the ASU, a company should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The impairment charge is limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The amendments in this update are effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. Entities may apply the provisions as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made and are available until December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this standard will have on the consolidated results of operations and financial position.