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SECURITIES | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
SECURITIES | SECURITIES Debt Securities The amortized cost and fair values of debt securities, with gross unrealized gains and losses and allowance for credit losses, are as follows:
|  | September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale: |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | $ | 169,751 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (15,357) |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 154,394
U.S. government agency |  | 55,483 |  | — |  | (4,768) |  |  | — |  | 50,715
Municipal |  | 231,444 |  | 1 |  | (36,244) |  |  | — |  | 195,201
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential |  | 197,549 |  | 9 |  | (20,508) |  |  | — |  | 177,050
Agency commercial |  | 142,920 |  | 2 |  | (18,593) |  |  | — |  | 124,329
Corporate |  | 57,649 |  | — |  | (6,175) |  |  | — |  | 51,474
Total available-for-sale |  | $ | 854,796 |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | (101,645) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 753,163
|  | September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Allowance for Credit Losses
Held-to-maturity: |  |
U.S. government agency |  | $ | 88,442 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (12,392) |  |  | $ | 76,050 |  | $ | —
Municipal |  | 39,344 |  | 6 |  | (1,686) |  |  | 37,664 |  | —
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential |  | 98,115 |  | — |  | (9,281) |  |  | 88,834 |  | —
Agency commercial |  | 301,243 |  | — |  | (53,478) |  |  | 247,765 |  | —
Total held-to-maturity |  | $ | 527,144 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | (76,837) |  |  | $ | 450,313 |  | $ | —
|  | December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale: |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | $ | 169,860 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (15,345) |  |  | $ | 154,515 |
U.S. government agency |  | 59,291 |  |  | — |  |  | (4,134) |  |  | 55,157 |
Municipal |  | 275,972 |  |  | 46 |  |  | (32,189) |  |  | 243,829 |
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential |  | 213,676 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (18,240) |  |  | 195,441 |
Agency commercial |  | 150,060 |  |  | — |  |  | (17,172) |  |  | 132,888 |
Corporate |  | 65,597 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (3,958) |  |  | 61,694 |
Total available-for-sale |  | $ | 934,456 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | (91,038) |  |  | $ | 843,524 |
|  | December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Held-to-maturity: |  |
U.S. government agency |  | $ | 88,424 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9,728) |  |  | $ | 78,696 |
Municipal |  | 42,167 |  |  | 195 |  |  | (314) |  |  | 42,048 |
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential |  | 102,728 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,470) |  |  | 96,258 |
Agency commercial |  | 308,281 |  |  | — |  |  | (46,482) |  |  | 261,799 |
Total held-to-maturity |  | $ | 541,600 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | (62,994) |  |  | $ | 478,801 |
On March 31, 2022, the Company transferred certain debt securities from the available-for-sale category to the held-to-maturity category in order to better reflect the revised intentions of the Company due to possible market value volatility, resulting from a potential rise in interest rates. The following is a summary of the amortized cost and fair value of securities transferred to the held-to-maturity category:
| March 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
U.S. government agency | $ | 78,841 |  | $ | 71,048
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |
Agency residential | 8,175 |  | 7,651
Agency commercial | 27,834 |  | 25,432
Total | $ | 114,850 |  | $ | 104,131
The debt securities were transferred between categories at fair value, with the transfer date fair value becoming the new amortized cost for each security transferred. The unrealized gain (loss), net of tax, at the date of transfer remains a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, but will be amortized over the remaining life of the debt securities as an adjustment of yield in a manner consistent with amortization of any premium or discount. As a result, the amortization of an unrealized gain (loss) reported in accumulated other comprehensive income will offset or mitigate the effect on interest income of the amortization of the premium or discount for that held-to-maturity debt security. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank had debt securities with a carrying value of $449.2 million and $332.6 million, respectively, which were pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes required or permitted by law. The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity, as of September 30, 2023, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| Available-for-Sale |  | Held-to-Maturity
(dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in 1 year or less | $ | 34,149 |  |  | $ | 33,546 |  |  | $ | 2,643 |  |  | $ | 2,634 |
Due after 1 year through 5 years | 213,534 |  |  | 197,634 |  |  | 34,215 |  |  | 31,718 |
Due after 5 years through 10 years | 217,279 |  |  | 180,780 |  |  | 85,250 |  |  | 74,459 |
Due after 10 years | 49,365 |  |  | 39,824 |  |  | 5,678 |  |  | 4,903 |
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 197,549 |  |  | 177,050 |  |  | 98,115 |  |  | 88,834 |
Agency commercial | 142,920 |  |  | 124,329 |  |  | 301,243 |  |  | 247,765 |
Total | $ | 854,796 |  |  | $ | 753,163 |  |  | $ | 527,144 |  |  | $ | 450,313 |
The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt securities available-for-sale that do not have an associated allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023, aggregated by category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
|  | September 30, 2023
|  | Investments in a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position
|  | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
(dollars in thousands) |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (15,357) |  |  | $ | 154,394 |  |  | $ | (15,357) |  |  | $ | 154,394 |
U.S. government agency |  | (5) |  |  | 1,380 |  |  | (4,763) |  |  | 49,298 |  |  | (4,768) |  |  | 50,678 |
Municipal |  | (282) |  |  | 10,479 |  |  | (35,962) |  |  | 183,720 |  |  | (36,244) |  |  | 194,199 |
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential |  | (725) |  |  | 13,924 |  |  | (19,783) |  |  | 160,778 |  |  | (20,508) |  |  | 174,702 |
Agency commercial |  | (86) |  |  | 3,645 |  |  | (18,507) |  |  | 120,593 |  |  | (18,593) |  |  | 124,238 |
Corporate |  | (443) |  |  | 6,317 |  |  | (5,732) |  |  | 45,156 |  |  | (6,175) |  |  | 51,473 |
Total available-for-sale |  | $ | (1,541) |  |  | $ | 35,745 |  |  | $ | (100,104) |  |  | $ | 713,939 |  |  | $ | (101,645) |  |  | $ | 749,684 |
The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt securities, aggregated by category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2022:
|  | December 31, 2022
|  | Investments in a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position
|  | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
(dollars in thousands) |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  | $ | (8,401) |  |  | $ | 92,445 |  |  | $ | (6,944) |  |  | $ | 62,070 |  |  | $ | (15,345) |  |  | $ | 154,515 |
U.S. government agency |  | (2,980) |  |  | 47,370 |  |  | (1,154) |  |  | 7,787 |  |  | (4,134) |  |  | 55,157 |
Municipal |  | (10,906) |  |  | 149,261 |  |  | (21,283) |  |  | 87,794 |  |  | (32,189) |  |  | 237,055 |
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential |  | (8,332) |  |  | 127,288 |  |  | (9,908) |  |  | 65,692 |  |  | (18,240) |  |  | 192,980 |
Agency commercial |  | (4,764) |  |  | 62,672 |  |  | (12,408) |  |  | 70,216 |  |  | (17,172) |  |  | 132,888 |
Corporate |  | (2,594) |  |  | 52,190 |  |  | (1,364) |  |  | 5,600 |  |  | (3,958) |  |  | 57,790 |
Total available-for-sale |  | (37,977) |  |  | 531,226 |  |  | (53,061) |  |  | 299,159 |  |  | (91,038) |  |  | 830,385 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency |  | (1,754) |  |  | 15,751 |  |  | (7,974) |  |  | 62,945 |  |  | (9,728) |  |  | 78,696 |
Municipal |  | (314) |  |  | 23,433 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (314) |  |  | 23,433 |
Mortgage-backed: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential |  | (4,039) |  |  | 78,452 |  |  | (2,431) |  |  | 17,806 |  |  | (6,470) |  |  | 96,258 |
Agency commercial |  | (16,716) |  |  | 103,298 |  |  | (29,766) |  |  | 158,501 |  |  | (46,482) |  |  | 261,799 |
Total held-to-maturity |  | (22,823) |  |  | 220,934 |  |  | (40,171) |  |  | 239,252 |  |  | (62,994) |  |  | 460,186 |
Total debt securities |  | $ | (60,800) |  |  | $ | 752,160 |  |  | $ | (93,232) |  |  | $ | 538,411 |  |  | $ | (154,032) |  |  | $ | 1,290,571 |
As of September 30, 2023, there were 669 debt securities in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve months or more, and 225 debt securities in an unrealized loss position for a period of less than twelve months. U.S. Treasury, U.S. government agency, and agency mortgage-backed securities are considered to have no risk of credit loss as they are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. The changes in fair value in these portfolios are considered to be primarily driven by changes in market interest rates and other non-credit risks, such as prepayment and liquidity risks. Municipal securities include approximately 79% general obligation bonds as of September 30, 2023, which have a very low historical default rate due to issuers generally having taxing authority to service the debt. The remainder of the municipal securities are also of high credit quality with ratings of A+/A1 or better. The Company evaluates credit risk through monitoring credit ratings and reviews of available financial data. The changes in fair value in these portfolios are considered to be primarily driven by changes in market interest rates and other non-credit risks, such as call and liquidity risks. The estimated allowance for credit losses for the municipal debt securities held-to-maturity was deemed insignificant. Corporate securities include investment grade corporate and bank subordinated debt securities. The Company evaluates credit risk through monitoring credit ratings, reviews of available issuer financial data, and sector trends. There was no allowance for credit losses on corporate securities recorded as of September 30, 2023. A negative provision for credit losses of $0.8 million was recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2023, reversing the provision for credit losses recognized during the first half of 2023, related to one bank subordinated debt security. The initial provision for credit losses recognized during the first half of 2023 reflected heightened potential credit risk following the recent failures of other banks, but this heightened potential credit risk was reduced after a merger announcement by the issuer of the bank subordinated debt security. As of September 30, 2023, the changes in fair value in these portfolios are considered to be primarily driven by changes in market interest rates and other non-credit risks, such as call and liquidity risks. As of September 30, 2023, the Company did not intend to sell the debt securities that are in an unrealized or unrecognized loss position, and it was more likely than not that the Company would recover the amortized cost prior to being required to sell the debt securities. Accrued interest on debt securities totaled $6.2 million as of September 30, 2023 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Sales of debt securities were as follows during the three and nine months ended September 30:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Proceeds from sales | $ | 39,436 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 185,280 |  | $ | —
Gross realized gains | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Gross realized losses | (813) |  | — |  | (1,820) |  |  | —
Equity Securities Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities on the consolidated statements of income. The Company has elected to measure equity securities with no readily determinable fair value at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes for identical or similar securities of the same issuer. The initial cost and carrying values of equity securities, with cumulative net unrealized gains and losses are as follows:
|  | September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands) |  | Readily Determinable Fair Value |  | No Readily Determinable Fair Value
Initial cost |  | $ | 3,142 |  | $ | 2,603
Cumulative net unrealized gains (losses) |  | (36) |  | (303) |
Carrying value |  | $ | 3,106 |  | $ | 2,300
|  | December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands) |  | Readily Determinable Fair Value |  | No Readily Determinable Fair Value
Initial cost |  | $ | 3,142 |  | $ | 2,142
Cumulative net unrealized gains (losses) |  | (113) |  |  | (165) |
Carrying value |  | $ | 3,029 |  | $ | 1,977
As of September 30, 2023, the cumulative net unrealized losses on equity securities with no readily determinable fair value reflect impairments of $0.1 million and downward adjustments based on observable price changes of an identical investment of $0.2 million. As of December 31, 2022, the cumulative net unrealized losses on equity securities with no readily determinable fair value reflect downward adjustments based on observable price changes of an identical investment. There have been no upward adjustments based on observable price changes to equity securities with no readily determinable fair value. There were no sales of equity securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities were as follows during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Readily determinable fair value | $ | (46) |  | $ | (107) |  |  | $ | 77 |  | $ | (447) |
No readily determinable fair value | — |  | — |  | (138) |  |  | —
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities | $ | (46) |  | $ | (107) |  |  | $ | (61) |  |  | $ | (447) |

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