Loans, net of deferred costs and fees, consist of the following (in thousands):


	At September 30,		At December 31,
	2023		2022
Real estate
Commercial	$	3,712,664	$	3,254,508
Construction		149,212		143,693
Multi-family		462,999		468,540
One-to four-family		50,205		53,207
Total real estate loans		4,375,080		3,919,948
Commercial and industrial		976,778		908,616
Consumer		18,361		24,931
Total loans		5,370,219		4,853,495
Deferred fees, net of origination costs		(15,732)		(12,972)
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs		5,354,487		4,840,523
Allowance for credit losses		(52,298)		(44,876)
Net loans	$	5,302,189	$	4,795,647

Schedule of allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment

The following tables present the balance in the ACL and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment based on allowance measurement methodology (in thousands):


	Commercial		Commercial						One-to four-
At September 30, 2023	Real Estate		& Industrial		Construction		Multi-family		Family		Consumer		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually assessed	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	137	$	137
Collectively assessed		35,025		11,096		1,769		3,489		351		431		52,161
Total ending allowance balance	$	35,025	$	11,096	$	1,769	$	3,489	$	351	$	568	$	52,298
Loans:
Individually assessed	$	41,005	$	6,934	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	251	$	48,190
Collectively assessed		3,671,659		969,844		149,212		462,999		50,205		18,110		5,322,029
Total ending loan balance	$	3,712,664	$	976,778	$	149,212	$	462,999	$	50,205	$	18,361	$	5,370,219


	Commercial		Commercial						One-to four-
At December 31, 2022	Real Estate		& Industrial		Construction		Multi-family		Family		Consumer		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually assessed	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	24	$	24
Collectively assessed		29,496		10,274		1,983		2,823		105		171		44,852
Total ending allowance balance	$	29,496	$	10,274	$	1,983	$	2,823	$	105	$	195	$	44,876
Loans:
Individually assessed	$	26,740	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	899	$	24	$	27,663
Collectively assessed		3,227,768		908,616		143,693		468,540		52,308		24,907		4,825,832
Total ending loan balance	$	3,254,508	$	908,616	$	143,693	$	468,540	$	53,207	$	24,931	$	4,853,495

Schedule of aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans (in thousands):


					90
	30-59		60-89		Days and		Total past		Current
At September 30, 2023	Days		Days		greater		due		loans		Total
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	24,000	$	24,000	$	3,688,664	$	3,712,664
Commercial & industrial		31		23		6,934		6,988		969,790		976,778
Construction		—		—		—		—		149,212		149,212
Multi-family		27,285		11,200		—		38,485		424,514		462,999
One-to four-family		—		—		—		—		50,205		50,205
Consumer		—		1		24		25		18,336		18,361
Total	$	27,316	$	11,224	$	30,958	$	69,498	$	5,300,721	$	5,370,219


					90
	30-59		60-89		Days and		Total past		Current
At December 31, 2022	Days		Days		greater		due		loans		Total
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	24,000	$	—	$	24,000	$	3,230,508	$	3,254,508
Commercial & industrial		37		—		—		37		908,579		908,616
Construction		—		—		—		—		143,693		143,693
Multi-family		8,000		—		—		8,000		460,540		468,540
One-to four-family		—		—		—		—		53,207		53,207
Consumer		21		—		24		45		24,886		24,931
Total	$	8,058	$	24,000	$	24	$	32,082	$	4,821,413	$	4,853,495

Schedule of loans determined to be impaired by class of loans

The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment pursuant to the disclosure requirements prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2023 (in thousands). The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees.


		At December 31, 2022
					Allowance
	Unpaid				for Loan
	Principal		Recorded		Losses
	Balance		Investment		Allocated
With an allowance recorded:
Consumer		24		24		24
Total	$	24	$	24	$	24

Without an allowance recorded:
One-to four-family	$	1,176	$	899	$	—
CRE		27,984		26,740		—
Total	$	29,160	$	27,639	$	—



	Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income
Three months ended September 30, 2022	Investment		Recognized
With an allowance recorded:
Consumer		24		—
Total	$	24	$	—

Without an allowance recorded:
One-to four-family	$	916	$	9
C&I		28,486		273
Total	$	29,402	$	282


	Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income
Nine months ended September 30, 2022	Investment		Recognized
With an allowance recorded:
Consumer		93		—
Total	$	93	$	—

Without an allowance recorded:
One-to four-family	$	816	$	26
C&I		30,992		769
Total	$	31,808	$	795

Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]