12 – VOYAGE REVENUE

Total voyage revenue includes revenue earned on fixed rate time charters, spot market voyage charters, spot market-related time charters and vessel pools, as well as the sale of bunkers consumed during short-term time charters. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company earned $389,496, $367,522 and $209,698 of voyage revenue, respectively. $2,325 of net profit sharing revenue was included in voyage revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017. There was no profit sharing revenue earned during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the revenue recognition guidance under ASC 606 (refer to Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The financial results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new guidance, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and will be continued to be reported under previous guidance.

As a result of the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance on January 1, 2018, the Company recorded a net increase to the opening retained deficit of $659 for the cumulative impact of adopting the new guidance. The impact related primarily to the change in accounting for spot market voyage charters. Prior to the adoption of the new guidance, revenue for spot market voyage charters was recognized ratably over the total transit time of the voyage, which previously commenced the latter of when the vessel departed from its last discharge port and when an agreement was entered into with the charterer, and ended at the time the discharge of cargo was completed at the discharge port. As a result of the adoption of the new guidance, revenue for spot market voyage charters is now being recognized ratably over the total transit time of the voyage which now begins when the vessel arrives at the loading port and ends at the time the discharge of cargo is completed at the discharge port in accordance with ASC 606. Spot market voyage charter agreements do not provide the charterers with substantive decision-making rights to direct how and for what purpose the vessel is used, therefore revenue from spot market voyage charters is not within the scope of ASC 842. Additionally, the Company has identified that the contract fulfillment costs of spot market voyage charters consist primarily of the fuel consumption that is incurred by the Company from the latter of the end of the previous vessel employment and the contract date until the arrival at the loading port in addition to any port expenses incurred prior to arrival at the load port, as well as any charter hire expenses for third party vessels that are chartered-in. The fuel consumption and any port expenses incurred prior to arrival at the load port during this period is capitalized and recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is amortized ratably over the total transit time of the voyage from arrival at the loading port until the vessel departs from the discharge port and expensed as part of Voyage Expenses. Similarly, for any third party vessels that are chartered-in, the charter hire expenses during this period are capitalized and recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized and expensed as part of Charter hire expenses. Refer also to Note 9 — Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets. All of the revenue for spot market voyage charters that was included in Deferred revenue (contract liability) in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018 when ASC 606 was adopted has been recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018.

During time charter agreements, including fixed rate time charters and spot market-related time charters, the charterers have substantive decision-making rights to direct how and for what purpose the vessel is used. As such, the Company has identified that time charter agreements contain a lease in accordance with ASC 842. During time charter agreements, the Company is responsible for operating and maintaining the vessels. These costs are recorded as vessel operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has elected the practical expedient that allows the Company to combine lease and non-lease components under ASC 842 as the Company believes (1) the timing and pattern of recognizing revenues for operating the vessel is the same as the timing and pattern of recognizing vessel leasing revenue; and (2) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease.

Total voyage revenue recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes the following:


		For the Year Ended
		December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Lease revenue	$	108,096	$	168,392	$	181,249
Spot market voyage revenue		281,400		199,130		28,449
Total voyage revenues	$	389,496	$	367,522	$	209,698