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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Net Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | NOTE 14. INCOME TAXES The provision for income taxes differs from that which would be expected by applying statutory Canadian income tax rates. A reconciliation of the difference for the years ended December 31, is as follows:
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Loss before income taxes | $ |  | (323,596 | ) | $ |  | (232,057 | )
Federal and provincial statutory rates |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | 27 | %
Tax at statutory rates | $ |  | (87,371 | ) | $ |  | (62,655 | )
Adjusted for the effect of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-deductible expenses |  |  | 49,455 |  |  |  | 2,672 |
Non-taxable capital gains |  |  | (845 | ) |  |  | (175 | )
Income taxed at lower rates |  |  | — |  |  |  | (42,334 | )
Impact of foreign tax rates |  |  | 4,861 |  |  |  | (2,814 | )
Withholding taxes |  |  | 1,061 |  |  |  | 1,165 |
Taxes related to prior years |  |  | 3,803 |  |  |  | (618 | )
Other |  |  | (290 | ) |  |  | 4,738 |
Income tax recovery | $ |  | (29,326 | ) | $ |  | (100,021 | )
On December 22, 2017, the United States government enacted new tax legislation which affects the taxation of Precision’s U.S. subsidiaries. In additional to changing certain U.S. federal income tax laws, this new tax legislation reduced the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. For the period ending December 31, 2017 Precision recorded a $15.8 million deferred income tax expense on the revaluation of its U.S. subsidiaries net deferred income tax assets which incorporates the reduction in the U.S. federal income tax rate and the expected impact of other applicable provisions within the new U.S tax legislation. The Corporation has also recognized a $2.4 million long-term receivable for the recovery of its U.S. subsidiaries alternative minimum tax carryforward balance. The net deferred tax liability is comprised of the tax effect of the following temporary differences:
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Deferred income tax liability: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment and intangibles | $ |  | 467,109 |  | $ |  | 454,613 |
Debt issue costs |  |  | 3,534 |  |  |  | 3,352 |
Partnership deferrals |  |  | 1,730 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 5,722 |  |  |  | 6,709 |
|  |  | 478,095 |  |  |  | 464,674 |
Offsetting of assets and liabilities |  |  | (405,316 | ) |  |  | (345,763 | )
|  |  | 72,779 |  |  |  | 118,911 |
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Losses (expire from time to time up to 2037) |  |  | 423,595 |  |  |  | 368,133 |
Partnership deferrals |  |  | — |  |  |  | 335 |
Long-term incentive plan |  |  | 6,849 |  |  |  | 7,935 |
Other |  |  | 11,752 |  |  |  | 11,182 |
|  |  | 442,196 |  |  |  | 387,585 |
Offsetting of assets and liabilities |  |  | (405,316 | ) |  |  | (345,763 | )
|  |  | 36,880 |  |  |  | 41,822 |
Net deferred income tax liability | $ |  | 35,899 |  | $ |  | 77,089 |
Included in the deferred income tax assets is $33.2 million (2017 – $38.8 million) of tax-effected temporary differences related to the Corporation’s U.S. operations. The Corporation has certain loss carryforwards in U.S. and international locations for which it is unlikely that sufficient future taxable income will be available. Accordingly, the Corporation has not recognized a deferred income tax asset on these losses totaling $37.1 million. The movement in temporary differences is as follows:
|  | Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangibles |  |  | Partnership Deferrals |  |  | Other Deferred Income Tax Liabilities |  |  | Losses |  |  | Debt Issue Costs |  |  | Long-Term Incentive Plan |  |  | Other Deferred Income Tax Assets |  |  | Net Deferred Income Tax Liability |
Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ |  | 629,967 |  | $ |  | (16,447 | ) | $ |  | 6,159 |  | $ |  | (418,253 | ) | $ |  | 4,215 |  | $ |  | (18,270 | ) | $ |  | (12,753 | ) | $ |  | 174,618 |
Recognized in net loss |  |  | (149,489 | ) |  |  | 16,112 |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  | 24,124 |  |  |  | (863 | ) |  |  | 9,651 |  |  |  | 1,230 |  |  |  | (98,690 | )
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |  |  | (25,865 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 25,996 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 684 |  |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | 1,161 |
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ |  | 454,613 |  | $ |  | (335 | ) | $ |  | 6,709 |  | $ |  | (368,133 | ) | $ |  | 3,352 |  | $ |  | (7,935 | ) | $ |  | (11,182 | ) | $ |  | 77,089 |
Recognized in net loss |  |  | (9,667 | ) |  |  | 2,065 |  |  |  | (1,005 | ) |  |  | (30,660 | ) |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | 1,325 |  |  |  | (139 | ) |  |  | (37,899 | )
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences |  |  | 22,163 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | (24,802 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (239 | ) |  |  | (431 | ) |  |  | (3,291 | )
Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ |  | 467,109 |  | $ |  | 1,730 |  | $ |  | 5,722 |  | $ |  | (423,595 | ) | $ |  | 3,534 |  | $ |  | (6,849 | ) | $ |  | (11,752 | ) | $ |  | 35,899 |
On December 31, 2018, Precision had $2.0 million (2017 – $2.0 million) of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would have a favourable impact on Precision’s effective income tax rate in future periods. Precision classifies interest accrued on unrecognized tax benefits and income tax penalties as income tax expense. Included in the unrecognized tax benefit, as at December 31, 2018 was interest and penalties of $0.5 million (2017 – $0.5 million). Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Positions
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year | $ |  | 1,980 |  | $ |  | 1,923 |
Additions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior year’s tax positions |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 57 |
Reductions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior year’s tax positions |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year | $ |  | 2,040 |  | $ |  | 1,980 |
It is anticipated that approximately $2.0 million (2017 – $nil) of unrecognized tax positions that relate to prior year activities will be realized during the next 12 months. Subject to the results of audit examinations by taxing authorities and/or legislative changes by taxing jurisdictions, Precision does not anticipate further adjustments of unrecognized tax positions during the next 12 months that would have a material impact on the financial statements.

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