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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (a) Basis of Consolidation These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and all of its subsidiaries and partnerships, substantially all of which are wholly-owned. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same period as the parent entity, using consistent accounting policies. All significant intercompany balances and transactions and any unrealized gains and losses arising from intercompany transactions, have been eliminated. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Corporation. Control exists when Precision has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. In assessing control, potential voting rights that currently are exercisable are considered. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. Precision does not hold investments in any companies where it exerts significant influence and does not hold interests in any special-purpose entities. The acquisition method is used to account for acquisitions of subsidiaries and assets that meet the definition of a business under IFRS. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued, and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized immediately in the statement of earnings. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Corporation incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. (b) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. (c) Inventory Inventory is primarily comprised of operating supplies and carried at the lower of average cost, being the cost to acquire the inventory, and net realizable value. Inventory is charged to operating expenses as items are sold or consumed at the amount of the average cost of the item. (d) Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes an expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use, and borrowing costs on qualifying assets. The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Corporation, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment (repair and maintenance) are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Property, plant, and equipment are depreciated as follows:
|  | Expected Life |  | Salvage Value |  |  | Basis of Depreciation
Drilling rig equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
– Power & Tubulars |  | 5 years |  | – |  |  | straight-line
– Dynamic |  | 10 years |  | – |  |  | straight-line
– Structural |  | 20 years |  | 10% |  |  | straight-line
Service rig equipment |  | 20 years |  | 10% |  |  | straight-line
Drilling rig spare equipment |  | up to 15 years |  | – |  |  | straight-line
Service rig spare equipment |  | up to 15 years |  | – |  |  | straight-line
Rental equipment |  | up to 15 years |  | 0 to 25% |  |  | straight-line
Other equipment |  | 3 to 10 years |  | – |  |  | straight-line
Light duty vehicles |  | 4 years |  | – |  |  | straight-line
Heavy duty vehicles |  | 7 to 10 years |  | – |  |  | straight-line
Buildings |  | 10 to 20 years |  | – |  |  | straight-line
Property, plant and equipment are depreciated based on estimates of useful lives and salvage values. These estimates consider data and information from various sources including vendors, industry practice, and Precision’s own historical experience and may change as more experience is gained, market conditions shift, or technological advancements are made. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal to the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized in the consolidated statements of loss. Determination of which parts of the drilling rig equipment represent significant cost relative to the entire rig and identifying the consumption patterns along with the useful lives of these significant parts, are matters of judgment. This determination can be complex and subject to differing interpretations and views, particularly when rig equipment comprises individual components for which different depreciation methods or rates are appropriate. The estimated useful lives, residual values and methods of depreciation are reviewed annually, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate. (e) Intangibles Intangible assets that are acquired by the Corporation with finite lives are initially recorded at estimated fair value and subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses. Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits of the specific asset to which they relate. Intangible assets are amortized based on estimates of useful lives. These estimates consider data and information from various sources including vendors and Precision’s own historical experience and may change as more experience is gained or technological advancements are made. Amortization is recognized in profit and loss using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Precision’s loan commitment fees are amortized over the term of the respective facility. Software is amortized over its expected useful life of up to 10 years. The estimated useful lives and methods of amortization are reviewed annually and adjusted prospectively if appropriate. (f) Goodwill Goodwill is the amount that results when the purchase price of an acquired business exceeds the sum of the amounts allocated to the assets acquired, less liabilities assumed, based on their fair values. After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, attributed to the cash-generating unit (CGU) or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit and as identified in the business combination. (g) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets The carrying amounts of the Corporation’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the cash-generating unit). Judgment is required in the aggregation of assets into CGUs. If any such indication exists, then the asset or CGU’s recoverable amount is estimated. Judgement is required when evaluating whether a CGU has indications of impairment. For CGUs that contain goodwill and other intangible assets that have indefinite lives or that are not yet available for use, an impairment test is, at a minimum, completed annually as of December 31. The recoverable amount of an asset or a CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using an after-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Value in use is generally computed by reference to the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from the cash-generating unit. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognized in prior years are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. (h) Borrowing Costs Interest and borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of assets that take a substantial period of time to prepare for their intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of those assets. Capitalization ceases during any extended period of suspension of construction or when substantially all activities necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use are complete. All other interest and borrowing costs are recognized in earnings in the period in which they are incurred. (i) Income Taxes Income tax expense is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity. Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable earnings or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is recognized using the liability method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination. In addition, deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in profit or loss in the period that includes the date of enactment or substantive enactment. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities that are expected to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously. A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. The Corporation is subject to taxation in numerous jurisdictions. Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations and requires significant judgement. Differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate future adjustments to taxable income and expense already recorded. The Corporation establishes provisions, based on reasonable estimates, for possible consequences of audits by the tax authorities of the respective countries in which it operates. The amount of such provisions is based on various factors, such as experience of previous tax audits and differing interpretations of tax regulations by the taxable entity and the responsible tax authority. (j) Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Corporation initially applied IFRS 15 on January 1, 2018, as described in Note 3(t). Precision recognizes revenue from a variety of sources. In general, customer invoices are issued upon rendering all performance obligations for an individual well-site job. Under the Corporation’s standard contract terms, customer payments are to be received within 30 days of the customer’s receipt of an invoice. Contract Drilling Services The Corporation contracts individual drilling rig packages, including crews and support equipment, to its customers. Depending on the customer’s drilling program, contracts may be for a single well, multiple wells or a fixed term. Revenue from contract drilling services is recognized over time from spud to rig release on a daily basis. Operating days are measured through industry standard tour sheets that document the daily activity of the rig. Revenue is recognized at the applicable day rate for each well, based on rates specified in the drilling contract. The Corporation provides services under turnkey contracts, whereby Precision is required to drill a well to an agreed upon depth under specified conditions for a fixed price, regardless of the time required or problems encountered in drilling the well. Revenue from turnkey drilling contracts is recognized over time using the input method based on costs incurred to date in relation to estimated total contract costs, as that most accurately depicts the Corporation’s performance. The Corporation also provides directional drilling services, which include the provision of directional drilling equipment, tools and personnel to the wellsite, and performance of daily directional drilling services. Directional drilling revenue is recognized over time, upon the daily completion of operating activities. Operating days are measured through daily tour sheets. Revenue is recognized at the applicable day rate, as stipulated in the directional drilling contract. Completion and Production Services The Corporation provides a variety of well completion and production services including well servicing and snubbing. In general, service rigs do not involve long-term contracts or penalties for termination. Revenue is recognized daily upon completion of services. Operating days are measured through daily tour sheets and field tickets. Revenue is recognized at the applicable daily or hourly rate, as stipulated in the contract. The Corporation offers a variety of oilfield equipment for rental to its customers. Rental revenue is recognized daily at the applicable rate stated in the rental contract. Rental days are measured through field tickets. The Corporation provides accommodation and catering services to customers in remote locations. Customers contract these services either as a package or individually for a fixed term. For accommodation services, the Corporation supplies camp equipment and revenue is recognized over time on a daily basis, once the equipment is on-site and available for use, at the applicable rate stated in the contract. For catering services, the Corporation recognizes revenue daily according to meals served. Accommodation and catering services provided are measured through field tickets. (k) Employee Benefit Plans Precision sponsors various defined contribution retirement plans for its employees. The Corporation’s contributions to defined contribution plans are expensed as employees earn the entitlement. (l) Provisions Provisions are recognized when the Corporation has a present obligation as a result of a past event, when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and when a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows. (m) Share Based Incentive Compensation Plans The Corporation has established several cash-settled share based incentive compensation plans for non-management directors, officers, and other eligible employees. As estimated by management, the fair values of the amounts payable to eligible participants under these plans are recognized as an expense with a corresponding increase in liabilities over the period that the participants become unconditionally entitled to payment. The recorded liability is re-measured at the end of each reporting period until settlement with the resultant change to the fair value of the liability recognized in profit or loss for the period. When the plans are settled, the cash paid reduces the outstanding liability. The Corporation has implemented an employee share purchase plan that allows eligible employees to purchase common shares through payroll deductions. Under this plan, contributions made by employees are matched to a specific percentage by the Corporation. The contributions made by the Corporation are expensed as incurred. Prior to January 1, 2012, the Corporation had an equity-settled deferred share unit plan whereby non-management directors of Precision could elect to receive all or a portion of their compensation in fully-vested deferred share units. Compensation expense was recognized based on the fair value price of the Corporation’s shares at the date of grant with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. Upon redemption of the deferred share units into common shares, the amount previously recognized in contributed surplus is recorded as an increase to shareholders’ capital. The Corporation continues to have obligations under this plan. A share option plan has been established for certain eligible employees. Under this plan, the fair value of share purchase options is calculated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and that value is recorded as compensation expense over the grant’s vesting period with an offsetting credit to contributed surplus. A forfeiture rate is estimated on the grant date and is adjusted to reflect the actual number of options that vest. Upon exercise of the equity purchase option, the associated amount is reclassified from contributed surplus to shareholders’ capital. Consideration paid by employees upon exercise of the equity purchase options is credited to shareholders’ capital. (n) Foreign Currency Translation Transactions of the Corporation’s individual entities are recorded in the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates (its functional currency). Transactions in currencies other than the entities’ functional currency are translated at rates in effect at the time of the transaction. At each period end, monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the prevailing period-end rates. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Gains and losses are included in profit or loss except for gains and losses on translation of long-term debt designated as a hedge of foreign operations, which are deferred and included in other comprehensive income. For the purpose of preparing the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements, the financial statements of each foreign operation that does not have a Canadian dollar functional currency are translated into Canadian dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the period end date. Revenues and expenses are translated using average exchange rates for the month of the respective transaction. Gains or losses resulting from these translation adjustments are recognized initially in other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to profit or loss on disposal or partial disposal of the foreign operation. (o) Per Share Amounts Basic per share amounts are calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted per share amounts are calculated by using the treasury stock method for equity based compensation arrangements. The treasury stock method assumes that any proceeds obtained on exercise of equity based compensation arrangements would be used to purchase common shares at the average market price during the period. The weighted average number of shares outstanding is then adjusted by the difference between the number of shares issued from the exercise of equity based compensation arrangements and shares repurchased from the related proceeds. (p) Financial Instruments i) Non-Derivative Financial Instruments: The Corporation initially applied IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, on January 1, 2018 as described in Note 3(s). Financial assets and liabilities are classified and measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit and loss. The classification of financial assets and liabilities is generally based on the business model in which the asset or liability is managed and its contractual cash flow characteristics. Financial assets held within a business model whose objective is to collect contractual cash flows and whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding are measured at amortized cost. After their initial fair value measurement, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt are classified and measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Upon initial recognition of a non-derivative financial asset a loss allowance is recorded for expected credit losses (ECL). Loss allowances for trade receivables are measured based on lifetime ECL that incorporates historical loss information and is adjusted for current economic and credit conditions. ii) Derivative Financial Instruments: The Corporation may enter into certain financial derivative contracts in order to manage the exposure to market risks from fluctuations in interest rates or exchange rates. These instruments are not used for trading or speculative purposes. Precision has not designated its financial derivative contracts as effective accounting hedges, and thus has not applied hedge accounting, even though it considers certain financial contracts to be economic hedges. As a result, financial derivative contracts are classified as fair value through profit or loss and are recorded on the statement of financial position at estimated fair value. Transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. Derivatives embedded in financial assets are never separated. Rather, the financial instrument as a whole is assessed for classification. Derivatives embedded in financial liabilities are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately when their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to the host contract. Embedded derivatives in financial liabilities are recorded on the statement of financial position at estimated fair value and changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings. (q) Hedge Accounting The Corporation utilizes foreign currency long-term debt to hedge its exposure to changes in the carrying values of the Corporation’s net investment in certain foreign operations from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. To be accounted for as a hedge, the foreign currency long-term debt must be designated and documented as a hedge and must be effective at inception and on an ongoing basis. The documentation defines the relationship between the foreign currency long-term debt and the net investment in the foreign operations, as well as the Corporation’s risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedging transaction. The Corporation formally assesses, both at inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the changes in fair value of the foreign currency long-term debt is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value of the net investment in the foreign operations. The portion of gains or losses on the hedging item determined to be an effective hedge is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax, and is limited to the translation gain or loss on the net investment, while ineffective portions are recorded through profit or loss. A reduction in the fair value of the net investment in the foreign operations or increase in the foreign currency long-term debt balance may result in a portion of the hedge becoming ineffective. If the hedging relationship ceases to be effective or is terminated, hedge accounting is not applied to subsequent gains or losses. The amounts recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit and loss and the corresponding exchange gains or losses arising from the translation of the foreign operation are recorded through profit and loss upon dissolution or substantial dissolution of the foreign operation. (r) Assets Held For Sale Non-current assets, or disposal groups, are classified as held-for sale if it is highly probable that their carrying amount will be recovered primarily through a sale transaction rather than through continued use. Such assets, or disposal groups, are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Impairment losses on initial classification as held-for-sale and subsequent gains or losses on remeasurement are recognized in profit or loss. (s) Critical Accounting Assumptions and Estimates i) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets When indications of impairment exist within a CGU, a recoverable amount is determined and requires assumptions to estimate future discounted cash flows. These estimates and assumptions include future drilling activity, margins and market conditions over the long-term life of the CGU. In selecting a discount rate, we use observable market data inputs to develop a rate that we believe approximates the discount rate of market participants. Although we believe the estimates are reasonable and consistent with current conditions, internal planning, and expected future operations, such estimations are subject to significant uncertainty and judgment. ii) Income Taxes Significant estimation and assumptions are required in determining the provision for income taxes. The recognition of deferred tax assets in respect of deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses and credits is based on the Corporation’s estimation of future taxable profit against which these differences, losses and credits may be used. The assessment is based upon existing tax laws and estimates of the Corporation’s future taxable income. These estimates may be materially different from the actual final tax return in future periods. (t) Accounting Standards Adopted January 1, 2018 The following standards were adopted by the Corporation on January 1, 2018 using the cumulative-effect method of adoption. The adoption of these standards had no material impact on the amounts recorded in these financial statements. i) IFRS 9, Financial Instruments Effective January 1, 2018, IFRS 9 replaced IAS 39 Financial Instruments, Recognition and Measurement. IFRS 9 contains three principal classification categories for financial assets: measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income and fair value through profit or loss. The classification of financial assets under IFRS 9 is generally based on the business model in which a financial asset is managed and the characteristics of its contractual cash flows. IFRS 9 eliminates the previous IAS 39 categories of held to maturity, loans and receivables and available for sale. Under IFRS 9, derivatives embedded in contracts where the host is a financial asset under the standard are never separated. Instead the hybrid financial instrument as a whole is assessed for classification. Under the new standard, Precision’s accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt have been classified and measured at amortized cost. The following table shows the original measurement categories and carrying amounts for each financial asset and liability under IAS 39 and the subsequent measurement and carrying amount upon adoption of IFRS 9 as at January 1, 2018.
| Measurement Category | Carrying Amount |
(Stated in thousands of Canadian dollars) | IAS 39 |  | IFRS 9 | IAS 39 |  |  | IFRS 9 |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | Loans and receivables |  | Amortized cost | $ | 65,081 |  |  | $ | 65,081 |
Accounts receivable | Loans and receivables |  | Amortized cost |  | 322,585 |  |  |  | 322,585 |
|  |  |  | $ | 387,666 |  |  | $ | 387,666 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | Other financial liabilities |  | Amortized cost | $ | 209,625 |  |  | $ | 209,625 |
Long-term debt | Other financial liabilities |  | Amortized cost |  | 1,730,437 |  |  |  | 1,730,437 |
|  |  |  | $ | 1,940,062 |  |  | $ | 1,940,062 |
IFRS 9 replaced the incurred loss model of IAS 39 with an expected credit loss model. The loss allowance to be recorded against trade receivables is measured as the lifetime expected credit losses. Due to low historical default rates, there was no material adjustment to the credit loss allowance. ii) IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers IFRS 15 established a single comprehensive model to address how and when to recognize revenue as well as requiring entities to provide users of financial statements with more informative, relevant disclosures in order to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. It replaced existing revenue recognition guidance including IAS 18 Revenue and IAS 11 Construction Contracts. The standard provides a principle based five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. This five-step model involves identifying the contract(s) with a customer; identifying the performance obligations in the contract; determining the transaction price; allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies performance obligations. During its initial application of IFRS 15, the Corporation did not apply any of the available practical expedients. The application of IFRS 15 did not result in a material impact to the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements. For additional information about the Corporation’s accounting policies with respect to revenue recognition, see Note 3(j). (u) Accounting Standards, Interpretations and Amendments to Existing Standards not yet Effective i) IFRS 16, Leases On January 1, 2019, Precision will adopt IFRS 16 - Leases. This standard introduces a single, on-balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees and requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset representing its right to direct the use of the underlying asset as well as a lease liability representing its obligation to make future lease payments. IFRS 16 will also cause expenses to be higher at the beginning and lower towards the end of a lease, even when payments are consistent throughout the term. The standard includes recognition exemptions for short-term leases and leases of low-value items. Lessor accounting remains similar to the current standard in which lessors continue to classify leases as either finance or operating leases. IFRS 16 will replace existing lease guidance, including IAS 17 Leases, IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease, SIC-15 Operating Leases – Incentives and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease. Precision has completed its review of the existing contracts that are currently classified as leases under the existing standard, or that could be classified as leases under IFRS 16, in order to identify the contracts that will be impacted by the new standard from the perspective of both a lessor and a lessee. Management has also estimated the impact that the initial application of IFRS 16 will have on its consolidated financial statements, as described below. The actual impact of adopting the standard on January 1, 2019 may differ from what is described below as Precision’s accounting policies, including the election to apply certain practical expedients, are subject to change until presented in its first published financial statements after the date of initial application. Leases in which Precision is a lessee Precision will recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for its real estate, vehicle, office equipment and other contracts that are currently classified as operating leases. The nature of expenses related to those leases will change as Precision will depreciate the right-of-use assets and recognize interest expense on its lease liabilities. Under the existing standard, Precision recognizes operating lease expenses on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease in either operating or general and administrative expense and recognizes assets and liabilities only to the extent there was a timing difference between the payment date and the recognition of the expense. Based on the information currently available, Precision estimates that it will recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets of approximately $60 million - $70 million on January 1, 2019 related to contracts where it is the lessee. Precision does not expect a material adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2019 upon the initial application of IFRS 16. The actual impact of adopting the standard on January 1, 2019 may differ from these estimates as the Corporation continues to review its calculations and may refine certain inputs therein, such as the discount rate and lease term. Leases in which Precision is a lessor Precision evaluated its drilling rigs under term contracts longer than one year and determined that these meet the definition of a lease under IFRS 16. Precision expects to classify these as operating leases, and accordingly, will recognize lease income over the term of the respective drilling contract. This is not expected to give rise to differences in the recognition or measurement of revenues from these contracts as compared to Precision’s existing accounting policies. Precision reassessed the classification of its real estate sub-leases in which it is a lessor. These are classified as an operating lease under the existing lease standard and management does not expect to reclassify these as finance leases. Transition There are two methods by which the new standard may be adopted: (1) a full retrospective approach with a restatement of all prior periods presented, or (2) a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment recognized in opening retained earnings as of the date of adoption, with no restatement of comparative information. Precision will apply IFRS 16 initially on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. When applying a modified retrospective approach to leases previously classified as operating leases under IAS 17, the lessee can elect, on a lease-by-lease basis, whether to apply a number of practical expedients on transition. On initial adoption of the new standard, the Corporation intends to use the following practical expedients, where applicable: •not applying the requirements of the standard to short-term leases; •treat existing operating leases with a remaining term of less than 12 months at January 1, 2019 as short-term leases; •not applying the requirements of the standard to low-value leases; and •applying a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics. As a result of the adoption of the new standard, Precision will be required to include significant disclosures in the consolidated financial statements based on the prescribed requirements. These new disclosures will include information regarding the judgments used in determining discount rates and terms of leases including optional renewal periods. The Corporation will include the required disclosures in its 2019 first quarter condensed consolidated interim financial statements. ii) IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments IFRIC 23 clarifies the accounting for uncertainties in income taxes. The interpretation requires the entity to use the most likely amount or the expected value of the tax treatment if it concludes that it is not probable that a particular tax treatment will be accepted. It requires an entity to assume that a taxation authority with the right to examine any amounts reported to it will examine those amounts and will have full knowledge of all relevant information when doing so. IFRIC 23 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The requirements are applied by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying them in retained earnings, or in other appropriate components of equity, at the start of the reporting period in which an entity first applies them, without adjusting comparative information. Full retrospective application is permitted, if an entity can do so without using hindsight. Precision has reviewed its initial application of IFRIC 23 and determined it will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The actual impact of adopting the standard on January 1, 2019 may differ as Precision’s accounting policies are subject to change until presented in its first published financial statements after the date of initial application.

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