The Board of Directors is responsible for identifying the principal risks of Precision’s business and for ensuring the implementation of systems to manage these risks. With the assistance of senior management, who report to the Board of Directors on the risks of Precision’s business, the Board of Directors considers such risks and discusses the management of such risks on a regular basis.

Precision has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:

Accounts receivable includes balances from customers primarily operating in the oil and natural gas industry. The Corporation manages credit risk by assessing the creditworthiness of its customers before providing services and on an ongoing basis, and by monitoring the amount and age of balances outstanding. In some instances, the Corporation will take additional measures to reduce credit risk including obtaining letters of credit and prepayments from customers. When indicators of credit problems appear, the Corporation takes appropriate steps to reduce its exposure including negotiating with the customer, filing liens and entering into litigation. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Precision did not have any customers with revenue from transactions exceeding 10% of consolidated revenue. In addition, Precision’s most significant customer accounted for $24 million of the trade receivables balance at December 31, 2023 (2022 – $24 million).

The movement in the expected credit loss allowance during the year was as follows:


	2023			2022
Balance, January 1,	$	1,732		$	585
Impairment loss recognized		437			1,167
Amounts written-off as uncollectible		(1,784	)		(23	)
Impairment loss reversed		(53	)		(31	)
Effect of movement in exchange rates		6			34
Balance, December 31,	$	338		$	1,732

The ageing of trade receivables at December 31 was as follows:


	2023				2022
	Gross		Provision for Impairment		Gross		Provision for Impairment
Not past due	$	214,897	$	1	$	224,872	$	2
Past due 0 – 30 days		70,398		3		54,578		16
Past due 31 – 120 days		17,465		273		18,845		1,400
Past due more than 120 days		2,719		61		766		314
	$	305,479	$	338	$	299,061	$	1,732

Interest rate risk is the risk that future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. Precision has exposure to interest rate fluctuations on amounts drawn on its Senior Credit Facility and certain Real Estate Credit Facilities, as they are subject to floating rates of interest.

At December 31, 2023, Precision had drawn US$nil on its Senior Credit Facility (2022 – US$44 million) and $27 million (2022 – $30 million) on its Real Estate Credit Facilities subject to variable interest rates. As at December 31, 2023, a 1% change to the interest rate would have less than a $1 million impact on net earnings (loss) (2022 – $1 million). The interest rate on Precision’s unsecured senior notes is fixed and is not subject to interest rate risk.

The Corporation is primarily exposed to foreign currency fluctuations in relation to the working capital of its foreign operations and certain long-term debt facilities of its Canadian operations. The Corporation has no significant exposures to foreign currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Corporation monitors its foreign currency exposure and attempts to minimize the impact by aligning appropriate levels of U.S. denominated debt with cash flows from U.S. based operations.

The following financial instruments were denominated in U.S. dollars:


		2023								2022
		Canadian Operations				Foreign Operations				Canadian Operations				Foreign Operations
Cash	US	$	9,539		US	$	16,459		US	$	264		US	$	13,421
Accounts receivable			17				148,885				215				175,543
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			(26,706	)			(120,416	)			(28,041	)			(101,531	)
Long-term liabilities, excluding long-term incentive plans (1)			—				(13,708	)			—				(14,542	)
Net foreign currency exposure	US	$	(17,150	)	US	$	31,220		US	$	(27,562	)	US	$	72,891
Impact of $0.01 change in the U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate on net earnings (loss)		$	(172	)		$	—			$	(276	)		$	—
Impact of $0.01 change in the U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate on comprehensive loss		$	—			$	312			$	—			$	729

(1) Excludes U.S. dollar long-term debt that has been designated as a hedge of the Corporation’s net investment in certain self-sustaining foreign operations.

Liquidity risk is the exposure of the Corporation to the risk of not being able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. The Corporation manages liquidity risk by monitoring and reviewing actual and forecasted cash flows to ensure there are available cash resources to meet these needs. The following are the contractual maturities of the Corporation’s financial liabilities and other contractual commitments as at December 31, 2023:


		2024		2025		2026		2027		2028	Thereafter		Total
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	342,382	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	342,382
Share-based compensation		67,117		23,523		11,133		—		—		—		101,773
Long-term debt		2,848		12,096		376,345		582		7,272		529,904		929,047
Interest on long-term debt (1)		65,030		64,950		38,305		36,885		36,658		1,518		243,346
Commitments		105,803		87,116		27,267		8,651		5,800		10,748		245,385
Total	$	583,180	$	187,685	$	453,050	$	46,118	$	49,730	$	542,170	$	1,861,933

(1) Excludes amortization of long-term debt issue costs.

The carrying value of cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates their fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity of the instruments. Amounts drawn on the Senior Credit Facility and Real Estate Credit Facilities, measured at amortized cost, approximate fair value as this indebtedness is subject to floating rates of interest. The fair value of the unsecured senior notes at December 31, 2023 was approximately $867 million (2022 – $965 million).

Financial assets and liabilities recorded or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated statements of financial position are categorized based on the level of judgement associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels are based on the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs in the fair determination and are as follows:

Level I – Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level II – Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level I) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.

Level III – Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

The estimated fair value of Unsecured Senior Notes is based on level II inputs. The fair value is estimated considering the risk free interest rates on government debt instruments of similar maturities, adjusted for estimated credit risk, industry risk and market risk premiums.