<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001144204-16-100506.txt : 20160510
<SEC-HEADER>0001144204-16-100506.hdr.sgml : 20160510
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20160510165539
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001144204-16-100506
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3ASR
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
FILED AS OF DATE:		20160510
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20160510
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20160510

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			REDWOOD TRUST INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000930236
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS [6798]
		IRS NUMBER:				680329422
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			MD
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3ASR
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-211267
		FILM NUMBER:		161636540

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE BELVEDERE PLACE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 300
		CITY:			MILL VALLEY
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94941
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(415) 380-2317

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE BELVEDERE PLACE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 300
		CITY:			MILL VALLEY
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94941

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			REDWOOD CAPITAL TRUST II
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001498170
		IRS NUMBER:				276733708
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3ASR
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-211267-01
		FILM NUMBER:		161636541

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE BELVEDERE PLACE, SUITE 300
		CITY:			MILL VALLEY
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94941
		BUSINESS PHONE:		415-389-7373

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE BELVEDERE PLACE, SUITE 300
		CITY:			MILL VALLEY
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94941
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3ASR
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>v439334_s3asr.htm
<DESCRIPTION>S-3ASR
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2016</B> </P>

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<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">FORM S-3<BR> REGISTRATION STATEMENT<BR> UNDER<BR> THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 </H1>


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<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 20pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redwood Trust, Inc.<BR> Redwood Capital Trust II </H1>

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          <TD STYLE="line-height: 12pt; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Redwood Trust, Inc.</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: 12pt; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Redwood Capital Trust II</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; font-weight: bold" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Maryland</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center"><B>Delaware</B></TD>

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          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>(State or other jurisdiction of<BR> incorporation or organization)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">(State or other jurisdiction of<BR> incorporation or organization)</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="line-height: 12pt; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>68-0329422</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: 12pt; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>27-6733708</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>(I.R.S. Employer<BR> Identification Number)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">(I.R.S. Employer<BR> Identification Number)</TD>

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<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">One Belvedere Place, Suite 300<BR> Mill Valley, CA 94941<BR>(415) 389-7373 </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,<BR> including area code, of each registrant&#146;s principal executive offices) </P>


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          <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-weight: bold" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Martin S. Hughes<BR>Chief Executive Officer<BR>Redwood Trust, Inc.<BR>One Belvedere Place, Suite 300<BR>Mill Valley, CA 94941<BR>(415) 389-7373</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center"><B><I>Copies to:</I></B><BR><B>William J. Cernius, Esq.<BR>Latham &amp; Watkins LLP<BR>650 Town Center Drive, 20<sup>th</sup> Floor<BR>Costa Mesa, CA 92626<BR>(714) 540-1235</B></TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,<BR> including area code, of agent for service) </P>


<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><IMG SRC="line.gif" ALIGN="MIDDLE" STYLE="width: 180px; height: 1pt; text-align: center"><BR>&nbsp;</DIV>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:</B> At any time and from time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">o</font> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">x</font> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">o</font> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">o</font> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">x</font> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">o</font> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of &#147;large accelerated filer,&#148; &#147;accelerated filer&#148; and &#147;smaller reporting company&#148; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): </P>

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<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="688" STYLE="vertical-align: text-top; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Large accelerated filer <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">x</font></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Accelerated filer <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">o</font></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Non-accelerated filer <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">o</font></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Smaller reporting company <FONT STYLE="font-family: wingdings">o</font></TD>

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          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">(Do not check if a<BR> smaller reporting company)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE </H1>

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<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="608" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="253"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="70"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="70"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="70"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="78"></TD>

</TR>

<TR>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>Amount to be<BR> Registered<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>Proposed<BR> Maximum<BR> Offering Price<BR> Per Unit<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>Proposed<BR> Maximum<BR> Aggregate<BR> Offering<BR> Price<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>Amount of<BR> Registration<BR> Fee<sup>&#040;3&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants, Stockholder Rights, Units<sup>&#040;4&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Trust Preferred Securities</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Guarantees of Trust Preferred Securities</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Total</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(1)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Omitted pursuant to Form S-3 General Instruction II.E. </TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(2)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">An unspecified number of the securities of each identified class of securities is being registered for possible issuance from time to time at indeterminate prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units. In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act, we are deferring payment of all applicable registration fees. </TD>

</TR>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(3)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Deferred in reliance upon Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r). </TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(4)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Debt Securities may be issued and sold to Redwood Capital Trust II, in which event such debt securities may later be distributed to the holders of trust preferred securities upon a dissolution of Redwood Capital Trust II and the distribution of its assets. </TD>

</TR>

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</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">PROSPECTUS </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="logo_redwoodtrust-pms.jpg" WIDTH="257" ALIGN="MIDDLE" ALT="[GRAPHIC MISSING]"></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redwood Trust, Inc.<BR> Debt Securities<BR>Common Stock<BR>Preferred Stock<BR>Warrants<BR>Stockholder Rights<BR>Units</H1>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redwood Capital Trust II<BR> Trust Preferred Securities<BR>fully and unconditionally guaranteed by<BR>Redwood Trust, Inc. </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may from time to time offer, in one or more classes or series, separately or together, and in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more supplements to this prospectus, the following securities:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">debt securities, which may consist of debentures, notes, or other types of debt;</TD>

</TR>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">shares of our common stock;</TD>

</TR>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">shares of our preferred stock;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">warrants to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock;</TD>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 11pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">rights issuable to our stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock, to purchase warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or to purchase units consisting of two or more of the foregoing;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 11pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">trust preferred securities; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 11pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">units consisting of two or more of the foregoing. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We refer to the debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, warrants, rights, trust preferred securities and units registered hereunder collectively as the &#147;securities&#148; in this prospectus. The specific terms of each series or class of the securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and will include, where applicable:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 11pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in the case of debt securities, the specific title, aggregate principal amount, currency, form (which may be certificated or global), authorized denominations, maturity, rate (or manner of calculating the rate) and time of payment of interest, terms for redemption at our option or repayment at the holder&#146;s option, terms for sinking payments, terms for conversion into shares of our common stock or preferred stock, covenants, and any initial public offering price;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 11pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in the case of preferred stock, the specific designation, preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to transferability, dividends and other distributions, and terms and conditions of redemption and any initial public offering price;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 11pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in the case of warrants or rights, the duration, offering price, exercise price, and detachability;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 11pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in the case of trust preferred securities, the designation, annual distribution rate, distribution payment dates, whether distributions will be cumulative and compounding, amounts paid out of assets of the trust to holders upon dissolution, any repurchase, redemption or exchange provisions, any preference or subordination rights upon a default or liquidation, any voting rights, terms for any conversion or exchange, and any rights to defer distributions; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 11pt; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in the case of units, the constituent securities comprising the units, the offering price, and detachability. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In addition, the specific terms may include limitations on actual or constructive ownership and restrictions on transfer of the securities, in each case as may be appropriate, among other purposes, to preserve the status of our company as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes. The applicable prospectus supplement will also contain information, where applicable, about certain United States federal income tax consequences relating to, and any listing on a securities exchange of, the securities covered by such prospectus supplement. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement
carefully before you invest in any of our securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The securities may be offered directly by us or by any selling security holder, through agents designated from time to time by us or to or through underwriters or dealers. If any agents, dealers, or underwriters are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission, or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections entitled &#147;Plan of Distribution&#148; and &#147;About This Prospectus&#148; for more information. No securities may be sold
without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such series of securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our common stock currently trades on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol &#147;RWT&#148;. On May 9, 2016, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $13.12 per share. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Investing in the securities involves risk. See &#147;Risk Factors&#148; beginning on page <a href="#tRF">3</a>.</B> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The date of this prospectus is May 10, 2016.</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="TOC"></a>TABLE OF CONTENTS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="608" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="552"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="40"></TD>

</TR>

<TR>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>Page</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tAP">About This Prospectus</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tAP">1</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tRF">Risk Factors</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tRF">3</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tCS">Cautionary Statement</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tCS">4</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tRT">Redwood Trust, Inc.</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tRT">5</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tUP">Use of Proceeds</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tUP">7</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tAT">Accounting Treatment Relating to Trust Preferred Securities</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tAT">7</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tRE">Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Earnings to Fixed Charges and<BR> Preferred Stock Dividends</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tRE">7</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tGD">General Description of Securities</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tGD">8</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDD">Description of Debt Securities</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDD">9</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDC">Description of Common Stock</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDC">16</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDP">Description of Preferred Stock</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDP">17</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDS">Description of Securities Warrants</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDS">18</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDR">Description of Rights to Purchase Shares of Common or Preferred Stock</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDR">19</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDT">Description of Trust Preferred Securities</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDT">20</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDU">Description of Units</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tDU">25</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tGS">Global Securities</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tGS">26</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tRO">Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Repurchase of Shares</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tRO">29</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tCP">Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tCP">31</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tMF">Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tMF">33</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tPD">Plan of Distribution</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tPD">59</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tVS">Validity of the Securities</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tVS">60</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tEX">Experts</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tEX">60</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tIC">Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tIC">61</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white"><TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tWY">Where You Can Find More Information</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

<TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><a href="#tWY">62</a></TD>

<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE></DIV>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different or additional information. We are offering to sell the securities and seeking offers to buy the securities only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted.</B> </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>We have not authorized any dealer or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying supplement to this prospectus. This prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this
prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus is delivered or securities are sold on a later date.</B> </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
i
<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tAP"></a>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a &#147;shelf&#148; registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. This prospectus sets forth certain terms of the securities that we may offer. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Each time we offer securities, we will attach a prospectus supplement to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will contain the specific description of the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement will supersede this prospectus to the extent it contains information that is different from, or that conflicts with, the information contained in this prospectus. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including the information incorporated by reference herein and therein, in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information contained in the documents identified under the heading &#147;Where You Can Find More Information&#148; in this prospectus. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We have not included separate financial statements of Redwood Capital Trust II, a special purpose entity, in this prospectus. We do not consider that such financial statements are material to holders of the trust preferred securities because:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the trust has no operating history or independent operations; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the trust is not engaged in, nor will it engage in, any activity other than issuing trust preferred and trust common securities, investing in and holding our debt securities and engaging in related activities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Furthermore, the combination of our obligations under the debt securities, the associated indentures, the trust agreement and the guarantees provide a full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee of payments of distributions and other amounts due on the trust preferred securities. In addition, we do not expect that Redwood Capital Trust II will file reports with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to &#147;we,&#148; &#147;us,&#148; &#147;our&#148; or &#147;Redwood&#148; mean Redwood Trust, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the terms mean Redwood Trust, Inc. only. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redwood Capital Trust II was formed solely for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities and has no operating history or independent operations. Redwood Capital Trust II was created under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and will be governed by a trust agreement (as it may be amended and restated from time to time) among the trustees of Redwood Capital Trust II and us. The trust agreement will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">When Redwood Capital Trust II issues its trust preferred securities, the holders of the trust preferred securities will own all of the issued and outstanding trust preferred securities of Redwood Capital Trust II. We will acquire all of the issued and outstanding trust common securities of Redwood Capital Trust II, representing an undivided beneficial interest in the assets of Redwood Capital Trust II of at least 3%. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redwood Capital Trust II exists primarily for the purpose of:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">issuing its trust preferred and trust common securities;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">investing the proceeds from the sale of its securities in our debt securities; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">engaging in only such other activities as are necessary or incidental to issuing its securities and purchasing and holding our debt securities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">When Redwood Capital Trust II issues its trust preferred securities, the number of trustees of Redwood Capital Trust II will initially be four. Two of the trustees will be individuals who are officers or employees of Redwood. The third trustee will be Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., which will serve as the property trustee under the trust agreement for purposes of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The fourth trustee will be Wells Fargo Delaware Trust Company, N.A., which has its principal place of business in the State of Delaware. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">1</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., acting in its capacity as guarantee trustee, will hold for your benefit a trust preferred securities guarantee, which will be separately qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, because we will own all of the trust common securities of Redwood Capital Trust II, we will have the exclusive right to appoint, remove or replace trustees and to increase or decrease the number of trustees. In most cases, there will be at least four trustees. The term of Redwood Capital Trust II&#146;s amended and restated trust agreement will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, but may dissolve earlier as provided in the trust agreement. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The rights of holders of the trust preferred securities of Redwood Capital Trust II, including economic rights, rights to information and voting rights and the duties and obligations of the trustees of Redwood Capital Trust II, will be contained in and governed by the trust agreement of Redwood Capital Trust II (as it may be amended and restated from time to time), the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our principal executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941; our telephone number is (415) 389-7373. </P>

</DIV>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tRF"></a>RISK FACTORS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">You should carefully consider any specific risks set forth under the caption &#147;Risk Factors&#148; in the applicable prospectus supplement and under the caption &#147;Risk Factors&#148; in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, incorporated into this prospectus by reference, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. You should consider carefully those risk factors together with all of the other information included and incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you decide to purchase our
securities. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities. </P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tCS"></a>CAUTIONARY STATEMENT </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements within the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as &#147;anticipate,&#148; &#147;estimate,&#148; &#147;will,&#148;
&#147;should,&#148; &#147;expect,&#148; &#147;believe,&#148; &#147;intend,&#148; &#147;seek,&#148; &#147;plan,&#148; and similar expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement under the caption &#147;Risk Factors.&#148; Other risks, uncertainties, and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected are summarized below and described from time to time in reports we file with the SEC, including under the heading &#147;Risk Factors&#148; in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Important factors, among others, that may affect our actual results include: interest rate volatility, changes in credit spreads, and changes in liquidity in the market for real estate securities and loans; changes in the demand from investors for residential mortgages and investments, and our ability to distribute an increased volume of residential mortgages through our whole-loan distribution channel; our ability to finance our investments in securities and our acquisition of residential mortgages with short-term debt; the availability of assets for purchase at attractive risk-adjusted returns and our ability to reinvest
cash and the proceeds from the potential sale of securities and investments we hold; changes in the values of assets we own; higher than expected operating expenses due to delays or decreases in the realization of expected operating expense reductions related to the repositioning of our conforming mortgage banking activities and commercial loan origination activities, and other unforeseen expenses; general economic trends, the performance of the housing, commercial real estate, mortgage, credit, and broader financial markets, and their effects on the prices of earning assets and the credit status of borrowers; federal and state legislative and regulatory developments, and the actions of governmental authorities, including those affecting the mortgage industry or our business (including, but not limited to, the Federal Housing Finance Agency&#146;s rules relating to FHLB membership requirements and the implications for our captive insurance subsidiary&#146;s membership in the FHLB);
developments related to the fixed income and mortgage finance markets and the Federal Reserve&#146;s statements regarding its future open market activity and monetary policy; our exposure to credit risk and the timing of credit losses within our portfolio; the concentration of the credit risks we are exposed to, including due to the structure of assets we hold and the geographical concentration of real estate underlying assets we own; our exposure to adjustable-rate mortgage loans; the efficacy and expense of our efforts to manage or hedge credit risk, interest rate risk, and other financial and operational risks; changes in credit ratings on assets we own and changes in the rating agencies&#146; credit rating methodologies; changes in interest rates; changes in mortgage prepayment rates; the ability of counterparties to satisfy their obligations to us; our involvement in securitization transactions, the profitability of those transactions, and the risks we are exposed to in engaging
in securitization transactions; exposure to claims and litigation, including litigation arising from our involvement in securitization transactions; whether we have sufficient liquid assets to meet short-term needs; our ability to successfully compete and retain or attract key personnel; our ability to adapt our business model and strategies to changing circumstances; changes in our investment, financing, and hedging strategies and new risks we may be exposed to if we expand our business activities; our exposure to a disruption or breach of the security of our technology infrastructure and systems; exposure to environmental liabilities; our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations; our failure to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures; the impact on our reputation that could result from our actions or omissions or from those of others; changes in accounting principles and tax rules; our ability to maintain
our status as a REIT for tax purposes; limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940; decisions about raising, managing, and distributing capital; and other factors not presently identified. </P>

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<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">4</P>

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<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tRT"></a>REDWOOD TRUST, INC. </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redwood Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, focuses on investing in mortgage- and other real estate-related assets and engaging in mortgage banking activities. We seek to invest in real estate-related assets that have the potential to generate attractive cash flow returns over time and to generate income through our mortgage banking activities. During 2015, we operated our business in three segments: residential mortgage banking, residential investments, and commercial mortgage banking and investments. Redwood Trust, Inc. has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (&#147;REIT&#148;) under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#147;Internal Revenue Code&#148;), beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1994. We generally refer, collectively, to Redwood Trust, Inc. and those of its subsidiaries that are not subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as &#147;the REIT&#148; or &#147;our REIT.&#148; We generally refer to subsidiaries of Redwood Trust, Inc. that are subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as &#147;our operating subsidiaries&#148; or &#147;our taxable REIT subsidiaries&#148; or &#147;TRS.&#148; Our mortgage banking activities and investments in mortgage servicing rights (&#147;MSRs&#148;) are generally carried out through our taxable REIT subsidiaries, while our portfolio of mortgage- and other real estate-related investments is primarily held at our REIT. We generally intend to retain profits generated and taxed at our taxable REIT subsidiaries, and to distribute as dividends at least 90% of the taxable income we generate at our
REIT. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our residential mortgage banking segment primarily consists of operating a mortgage loan conduit that acquires residential loans from third-party originators for subsequent sale, securitization, or transfer to our investment portfolio. We typically acquire prime, jumbo mortgages and the related mortgage servicing rights on a flow basis from our network of loan sellers and distribute those loans through our Sequoia private-label securitization program or to institutions that acquire pools of whole loans. We occasionally supplement our flow purchases with bulk loan acquisitions. This segment also includes various derivative
financial instruments and interest only securities retained from our Sequoia securitizations that we utilize to manage certain risks associated with residential loans we acquire. During 2015, we also acquired conforming loans (defined as loans eligible for sale to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the &#147;Agencies&#148;)) and the related servicing rights on a flow basis from our seller network. Conforming loans we acquired were generally sold to the Agencies. During the first quarter of 2016, as part of our ongoing evaluation of the efficiency and profitability of our businesses, we announced plans to restructure our conforming loan operations by discontinuing the acquisition and aggregation of conforming loans for resale to the Agencies, and instead focus on direct conforming-related investments in mortgage servicing rights and risk-sharing transactions. Our residential mortgage banking segment&#146;s main source of revenue is income from mortgage banking activities, which includes
valuation increases (or gains) on the sale or securitization of loans, and from hedges used to manage risks associated with these activities. Additionally, this segment may generate interest income on loans held pending securitization or sale. Funding expenses, direct operating expenses, and tax expenses associated with these activities are also included in this segment. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our residential investments segment includes a portfolio of investments in residential mortgage-backed securities retained from our Sequoia securitizations, as well as residential mortgage-backed securities issued by third parties. In addition, this segment includes a subsidiary of Redwood Trust that is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (&#147;FHLBC&#148;) and that utilizes attractive long-term financing from the FHLBC to make long-term investments directly in residential mortgage loans. Finally, this segment invests in MSRs associated with residential loans we have sold or securitized, as well as MSRs that we
purchased from third parties. The residential investments segment&#146;s main sources of revenue are interest income from investment portfolio securities and residential loans held-for-investment, as well as MSR income. Additionally, this segment may realize gains upon the sale of securities. Funding expenses, hedging expenses, direct operating expenses, and tax provisions associated with these activities are also included in this segment. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">During 2015, our commercial mortgage banking and investments segment consisted primarily of a mortgage loan conduit that originated senior commercial loans for subsequent sale to third-party CMBS sponsors or other investors. In addition to senior loans, during 2015 we offered complementary forms of commercial real estate financing directly to borrowers that included mezzanine loans, subordinate mortgage loans, and other financing solutions. We typically have held the mezzanine and other subordinate loans we originated in our commercial investment portfolio. During the first quarter of 2016, as part of our ongoing evaluation of
the efficiency and profitability of our businesses, we announced plans to reposition our </P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">commercial business to focus solely on investing activities and discontinue commercial loan originations. During 2015, this segment&#146;s main sources of revenue were mortgage banking income, which included valuation increases (or gains) on the sale of senior commercial loans and associated hedges, and net interest income from mezzanine or subordinate loans held in our investment portfolio. Funding expenses, direct operating expenses, and tax expenses associated with these activities are also included in this segment. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Throughout our history we have sponsored or managed other investment entities, including a private limited partnership fund that we managed, the Redwood Opportunity Fund, LP (the &#147;Fund&#148;), as well as Acacia securitization entities, certain of which we continue to manage. The Fund was primarily invested in residential securities and the Acacia entities are primarily invested in a variety of real estate-related assets. During the third quarter of 2011, we engaged in a transaction in which we resecuritized a pool of senior residential securities (the &#147;Residential Resecuritization&#148;) primarily for the purpose of
obtaining permanent non-recourse financing on a portion of the residential securities we hold in our investment portfolio at the REIT. Similarly, during the fourth quarter of 2012, we engaged in a transaction in which we securitized a pool of commercial loans (the &#147;Commercial Securitization&#148;) primarily for the purpose of obtaining permanent non-recourse financing on a portion of the commercial loans we hold. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our primary sources of income are net interest income from our investment portfolios and non-interest income from our mortgage banking activities. Net interest income consists of the interest income we earn on investments less the interest expense we incur on borrowed funds and other liabilities. Income from mortgage banking activities consists of the profit we seek to generate through the acquisition of loans and their subsequent sale or securitization. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We were incorporated in the State of Maryland on April 11, 1994, and commenced operations on August 19, 1994. Our principal executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941. Our telephone number is (415) 389-7373. Our website is <I>www.redwoodtrust.com</I>. Information contained in or that can be accessed through our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. </P>

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<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tUP"></a>USE OF PROCEEDS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement for any offering of securities, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities to fund our business and investment activity, which may include funding purchases of residential mortgage loans, funding the origination of commercial loans and acquiring mortgage-backed securities for our investment portfolio, as well as for other general corporate purposes. </P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tAT"></a>ACCOUNTING TREATMENT RELATING TO TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The financial statements of Redwood Capital Trust II will be consolidated with our financial statements. Following the issuance of trust preferred securities by Redwood Capital Trust II, our financial statements will include a footnote that discloses, among other things, that the assets of the trust consist of our debt securities and will specify the designation, principal amount, interest rate and maturity date of the debt securities. </P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tRE"></a>RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND<BR> EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our ratio of earnings to fixed charges and ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and each of the previous five years ended December 31 were as follows: </P>

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          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="237"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="80"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="37"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="37"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="37"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="37"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="45"></TD>

</TR>

<TR>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=2><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=2 COLSPAN=3>Three Months<BR> Ended<BR> March 31, 2016</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=19>Year Ended December 31,</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left"  ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>2015</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>2014</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>2013</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>2012</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=3>2011</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Ratio of earnings to fixed charges</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>1.7x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>2.40x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>2.65x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>3.90x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>2.20x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>1.26x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preferred stock dividends</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>1.7x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>2.40x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>2.65x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>3.90x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>2.20x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>1.26x</TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE></DIV>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The ratio of earnings to fixed charges represents the number of times &#147;fixed charges&#148; are covered by &#147;earnings.&#148; &#147;Fixed charges&#148; consist of interest on outstanding long-term debt and asset backed securities issued, as well as associated amortization of debt discount and deferred issuance costs. The proportion deemed representative of the interest factor of operating lease expense has not been deducted as the total operating lease expense in itself was de minimis and did not affect the ratios in a material way. &#147;Earnings&#148; consist of consolidated income before income taxes and fixed
charges. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">7</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tGD"></a>GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The following is a brief description of the material terms of our securities that may be offered under this prospectus. This description does not purport to be complete and is subject in all respects to applicable Maryland law and to the provisions of our charter and bylaws, including any amendments or supplements thereto, copies of which are on file with the SEC as described under &#147;Where You Can Find Information&#148; and are incorporated by reference herein. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We, directly or through agents, dealers, or underwriters designated from time to time, may offer, issue, and sell, together or separately:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">debt securities, which may consist of debentures, notes, or other types of debt;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">shares of our common stock;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">shares of our preferred stock;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">warrants to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">rights issuable to our stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock, to purchase warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or to purchase units consisting of two or more of the foregoing;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">trust preferred securities; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">units consisting of two or more of the foregoing. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may issue the debt securities as exchangeable for or convertible into shares of common stock, preferred stock, or other securities. The preferred stock may also be exchangeable for and/or convertible into shares of common stock, another series of preferred stock, or other securities. The debt securities, the preferred stock, the common stock, the warrants, the rights, the trust preferred securities and the units are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the securities. When a particular series of securities is offered, a supplement to this prospectus will be delivered with this prospectus, which will set forth the
terms of the offering and sale of the offered securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our charter provides that we have authority to issue up to 180,000,000 shares of stock, par value $0.01 per share, all of which is currently classified as common stock. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and we intend to so list any additional shares of our common stock which are issued and sold hereunder. We may elect to list any future class or series of our securities issued hereunder on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. Under Maryland law, our stockholders generally are not liable for our debts or obligations. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">8</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tDD"></a>DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The debt securities covered by this prospectus will be our debt securities issued under the Indenture, dated as of March 6, 2013, which we refer to as the indenture, between us and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. This prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement, will describe all the material terms of a particular series of debt securities. Unless otherwise specified in a supplement to this prospectus, the debt securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations and will rank equally with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The following is a summary of the most important provisions and definitions of the indenture. The summary is not complete. The indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you. Capitalized terms used in the summary have the meaning specified in the indenture. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In this description of debt securities, the words &#147;we,&#148; &#147;us,&#148; or &#147;our&#148; refer only Redwood Trust, Inc. and not to any of our subsidiaries. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">General </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The prospectus supplement will set forth:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether the debt securities will be senior or subordinated;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the offering price;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the form and terms of any guarantee of any debt securities;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the title;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any limit on the aggregate principal amount;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the person who shall be entitled to receive interest, if other than the record holder on the record date;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the date the principal will be payable;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the interest rate, if any, the date interest will accrue, the interest payment dates, and the regular record dates;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the place where payments may be made;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any mandatory or optional redemption provisions;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if applicable, the method for determining how the principal, premium, if any, or interest will be calculated by reference to an index or formula;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if other than U.S. currency, the currency or currency units in which principal, premium, if any, or interest will be payable, whether we or the holder may elect payment to be made in a different currency and the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the form of the debt securities and whether the debt securities will be issuable, in whole or in part, as global debt securities;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the portion of the principal amount that will be payable upon acceleration of stated maturity, if other than the entire principal amount;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if the principal amount payable at stated maturity will not be determinable as of any date prior to stated maturity, the amount which will be deemed to be the principal amount;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">9</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any defeasance provisions if different from those described below under &#147;Satisfaction and Discharge; Defeasance&#148;;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any conversion or exchange provisions;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any obligation to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to a sinking fund;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether the debt securities will be issuable in the form of a global security;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any subordination provisions;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any deletions of, or changes or additions to, the events of default or covenants; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any other specific terms of such debt securities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the debt securities will be registered debt securities; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">registered debt securities denominated in U.S. dollars will be issued in denominations of $2,000 and an integral multiple of $1,000 thereafter. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Exchange and Transfer </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Debt securities may be transferred or exchanged at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We will not impose a service charge for any transfer or exchange, but we may require holders to pay any tax or other governmental charges associated with any transfer or exchange. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In the event of any potential redemption of debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">issue, register the transfer of, or exchange, any debt security of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or</TD>

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</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">register the transfer of or exchange any debt security of that series selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion being redeemed in part. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may initially appoint the trustee as the security registrar. Any transfer agent, in addition to the security registrar, initially designated by us will be named in the prospectus supplement. We may designate additional transfer agents or change transfer agents or change the office of the transfer agent. However, we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Global Securities </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The debt securities of any series may be represented, in whole or in part, by one or more global securities. Each global security will:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">be registered in the name of a depositary that we will identify in a prospectus supplement;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">be deposited with the depositary or nominee or custodian; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">bear any required legends. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Each global security will be registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company, or the depositary, or a nominee of the depositary. Except as set forth under the heading &#147;Global Securities&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Book-Entry, Delivery and Form&#148; below, global securities will not be issuable in certificated form. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">10</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">No global security may be exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities registered in the name of any person other than the depositary or any nominee unless:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the depositary has notified us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or has ceased to be qualified to act as depositary;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">an event of default is continuing; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any other circumstances described in a prospectus supplement occurs. </TD>

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</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">As long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered owner of a global security, the depositary or nominee will be considered the sole owner and holder of the debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes under the indenture. Except in the above limited circumstances, owners of beneficial interests in a global security:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">will not be entitled to have the debt securities registered in their names;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">will not be entitled to physical delivery of certificated debt securities; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">will not be considered to be holders of those debt securities under the indenture. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Payments on a global security will be made to the depositary or its nominee as the holder of the global security. Some jurisdictions have laws that require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in a global security. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Institutions that have accounts with the depositary or its nominee are referred to as &#147;participants.&#148; Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to participants and to persons that may hold beneficial interests through participants. The depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the respective principal amounts of debt securities represented by the global security to the accounts of its participants. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be shown on and effected through records maintained by the depositary, with respect to participants&#146; interests, or any participant, with respect to interests of persons held by participants on their behalf. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Payments, transfers, and exchanges relating to beneficial interests in a global security will be subject to policies and procedures of the depositary. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The depositary policies and procedures may change from time to time. Neither we nor the trustee will have any responsibility or liability for the depositary&#146;s or any participant&#146;s records with respect to beneficial interests in a global security. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Payment and Paying Agent </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The provisions of this paragraph will apply to the debt securities unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement. Payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name the debt security is registered at the close of business on the regular record date. Payment on debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of a paying agent or paying agents designated by us. However, at our option, we may pay interest by mailing a check to the record holder. The corporate trust office will be designated as our sole paying agent. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may also name any other paying agents in the prospectus supplement. We may designate additional paying agents, change paying agents, or change the office of any paying agent. However, we will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">All moneys paid by us to a paying agent for payment on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such payment was due will be repaid to us. Thereafter, the holder may look only to us for such payment. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">11</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Consolidation, Merger, and Sale of Assets </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may not consolidate with or merge into any other person in a transaction in which we are not the surviving corporation, or convey, transfer, or lease our properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any person, unless:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we are the surviving corporation or the successor, if any, is a U.S. corporation;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the successor assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no default or event of default shall have occurred and be continuing; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">certain other conditions are met. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Notwithstanding the above, any of our subsidiaries may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to us. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">No Protection in the Event of a Change of Control </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control) which could adversely affect holders of debt securities. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Covenants </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement any restrictive covenants applicable to any issue of debt securities. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Events of Default </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Unless we inform you otherwise in the prospectus supplement, the indenture defines an event of default with respect to any series of debt securities as one or more of the following events: </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(1)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">failure to pay principal of or any premium on any debt security of that series when due; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(2)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">failure to pay any interest on any debt security of that series for 30 days when due; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(3)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">failure to deposit any sinking fund payment within 30 days of when due; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(4)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">failure to perform any other covenant in the indenture continued for 90 days after being given the notice required in the indenture; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(5)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization; and </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(6)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any other event of default specified in the prospectus supplement. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">An event of default of one series of debt securities is not necessarily an event of default for any other series of debt securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If an event of default, other than an event of default described in clause (5) above, shall occur and be continuing, either the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding securities of that series may declare the principal amount of the debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If an event of default described in clause (5) above shall occur, the principal amount of all the debt securities of that series will automatically become immediately due and payable. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">After acceleration the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration if all events of default, other than the non-payment of accelerated principal, or other specified amount, have been cured or waived. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Other than the duty to act with the required care during an event of default, the trustee will not be obligated to exercise any of its rights or powers at the request of the holders unless the holders shall have offered to the trustee reasonable indemnity. Generally, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">12</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">A holder will not have any right to institute any proceeding under the indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or a trustee, or for any other remedy under the indenture, unless: </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(1)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing event of default with respect to the debt securities of that series; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(2)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made a written request and have offered reasonable indemnity to the trustee to institute the proceeding; and </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(3)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the trustee has failed to institute the proceeding and has not received direction inconsistent with the original request from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series within 60 days after the original request. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Holders may, however, sue to enforce the payment of principal, premium, or interest on any debt security on or after the due date or to enforce the right, if any, to convert any debt security without following the procedures listed in (1) through (3) above. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We will furnish the trustee an annual statement by our officers as to whether or not we are in default in the performance of the indenture and, if so, specifying all known defaults. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Modification and Waiver </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as provided in the next two succeeding paragraphs, we and the trustee may make modifications and amendments to the indenture (including, without limitation, through consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, outstanding securities) and may waive any existing default or event of default (including, without limitation, through consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, outstanding securities) with the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding securities of each series affected by the
modification or amendment. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">However, neither we nor the trustee may make any modification or amendment without the consent of the holder of each outstanding security of that series affected by the modification or amendment if such modification or amendment would:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">change the stated maturity of any debt security;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reduce the principal of, premium, if any, on or interest on any debt security;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reduce the principal of an original issue discount security or any other debt security payable on acceleration of maturity;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest on any debt security;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">change the currency in which any debt security is payable;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">impair the right to enforce any payment after the stated maturity or redemption date;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">waive any default or event of default in payment of the principal of, premium on or interest on any debt security;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">waive a redemption payment of any debt security, if a redemption is made at our option;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">adversely affect the right, if any, to convert any debt security; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reduce the principal amount of securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver of provisions in the indenture. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">13</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Notwithstanding the preceding, without the consent of any holder of outstanding securities, we and the trustee may amend or supplement the indenture:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to or in place of certificated securities;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to provide for the assumption of our obligations to holders of any debt security in the case of a merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the holders of securities or that does not adversely affect the legal rights under the indenture of any such holder;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of an indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to conform the text of the indenture to any provision of the Description of Debt Securities to the extent that such provision in the Description of Debt Securities was intended to be a verbatim recitation of a provision of the indenture;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to provide for the issuance of additional securities in accordance with the limitations set forth in the indenture as of the date of the indenture;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to allow any guarantor to execute a supplemental indenture with respect to debt securities and to release guarantors in accordance with the terms of the indenture; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to add additional obligors under the indenture and the securities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The consent of holders is not necessary under the indenture to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Satisfaction and Discharge; Defeasance </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><I>Legal Defeasance.</I>&nbsp;&nbsp;The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (except for certain obligations to register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of such series, to replace stolen, lost, or mutilated debt securities of such series, and to maintain paying agencies and certain provisions relating to the treatment of funds held by paying agents). We will be so discharged upon the deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S.
government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, foreign government obligations, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal, premium, and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">This discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable United States federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain, or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance, and
discharge and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit, defeasance, and discharge had not occurred. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><I>Defeasance of Certain Covenants.</I>&nbsp;&nbsp;The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, upon compliance with certain conditions:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we may omit to comply with the covenant described under the heading &#147;Consolidation, Merger, and Sale of Assets&#148; and certain other covenants set forth in the indenture, as well as any additional covenants which may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">14</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any omission to comply with those covenants will not constitute a default or an event of default with respect to the debt securities of that series, or covenant defeasance. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The conditions include:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">depositing with the trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, foreign government obligations, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants to pay and discharge each installment of principal of, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">delivering to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain, or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><I>Covenant Defeasance and Events of Default.</I>&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event we exercise our option to effect covenant defeasance with respect to any series of debt securities and the debt securities of that series are declared due and payable because of the occurrence of any event of default, the amount of money and/or U.S. government obligations or foreign government obligations on deposit with the trustee will be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that series at the time of their stated maturity but may not be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that series at the time of the
acceleration resulting from the event of default. However, we shall remain liable for those payments. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Notices </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Notices to holders will be given by mail to the addresses of the holders in the security register. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees or Stockholders </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">None of our past, present or future directors, officers, employees or stockholders, as such, will have any liability for any of our obligations under the debt securities or the indenture or for any claim based on, or in respect or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting a debt security, each holder waives and releases all such liability. This waiver and release is part of the consideration for the issue of the debt securities. However, this waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public
policy. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Governing Law </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The indenture and the debt securities, including any claim or controversy arising out of or relating to the indenture or the securities, will be governed by the laws of the State of New York. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Regarding the Trustee </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The indenture limits the right of the trustee, should it become a creditor of us, to obtain payment of claims or secure its claims. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The trustee is permitted to engage in certain other transactions. However, if the trustee acquires any conflicting interest, and there is a default under the debt securities of any series for which they are trustee, the trustee must eliminate the conflict or resign. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">15</P>

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<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tDC"></a>DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">All shares of common stock offered by this prospectus will be duly authorized, fully paid, and nonassessable. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends if, as, and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of assets legally available for the payment of dividends. They are also entitled to share ratably in our assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, after payment of or adequate provision for all of our known debts and liabilities. These rights are subject to the preferential rights of any other class or
series of our stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on transfer of our stock. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to
elect any directors. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Holders of our common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption, or, if listed on the New York Stock Exchange, appraisal rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. Subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, all shares of common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation, and other rights. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Transfer Agent, Registrar, and Dividend Disbursing Agent </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is currently Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and its affiliate, Computershare Inc., acts as dividend disbursing agent. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Power to Reclassify Shares of Our Stock; Issuance of Additional Shares </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify and reclassify from time to time any unissued shares of our stock into other classes or series of stock, including preferred stock, and to cause the issuance of such shares. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, the board of directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set, subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or
series. We believe that the power to issue additional shares of common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of common or preferred stock and thereafter to issue the classified or reclassified shares provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. These actions can be taken without stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although we have no present intention of doing so, we could issue a class or series of stock that could delay, defer, or prevent a transaction or a change in control of Redwood Trust that might involve a premium price for holders of common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. We have no shares of preferred stock presently outstanding. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">16</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tDP"></a>DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify from time to time any unissued shares of stock in one or more classes or series of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued preferred stock of any class or series in one or more classes or series. If we offer preferred stock pursuant to this prospectus in the future, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such preferred stock, including the following, where applicable:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the designation of the shares and the number of shares that constitute the class or series;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the dividend rate (or the method of calculating dividends), if any, on the shares of the class or series and the priority as to payment of dividends with respect to other classes or series of our shares of stock;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the preferred stock will accumulate;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the dividend periods (or the method of calculating the dividend periods);</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the voting rights of the preferred stock, if any;</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the liquidation preference and the priority as to payment of the liquidation preference with respect to other classes or series of our stock and any other rights of the shares of the class or series upon our liquidation or winding-up;</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the provision for a sinking fund, if any, for such preferred stock;</TD>

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</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether or not and on what terms the shares of the class or series will be subject to redemption or repurchase at our option;</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which such preferred stock will be converted into the common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof);</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether the shares of the class or series of preferred stock will be listed on a securities exchange or quoted on an inter-dealer quotation system;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer applicable to the preferred stock, in addition to those already set forth in our charter, that may be necessary to preserve our status as a real estate investment trust; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the other rights and privileges and any qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of the rights or privileges of the class or series. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Transfer Agent, Registrar, and Dividend Disbursing Agent </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The transfer agent and registrar for our preferred stock is currently Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and its affiliate, Computershare Inc., acts as dividend disbursing agent. If different, we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement the transfer agent, registrar, and dividend disbursing agent for any series of preferred stock offered by that prospectus supplement. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">17</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tDS"></a>DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WARRANTS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may issue securities warrants for the purchase of common stock or preferred stock, respectively referred to as common stock warrants and preferred stock warrants. Securities warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities offered by this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from such other securities. Each issuance of the securities warrants will be issued under a separate securities warrant agreement to be entered into by us and a bank or trust company, as securities warrant agent, all as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the
particular issue of offered securities warrants. Each issue of securities warrants will be evidenced by securities warrant certificates. The securities warrant agent will act solely as an agent of ours in connection with the securities warrant certificates and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holder of securities warrant certificates or beneficial owners of securities warrants. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If we offer securities warrants pursuant to this prospectus in the future, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such securities warrants, including the following, where applicable:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the offering price;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the aggregate number of shares purchasable upon exercise of such securities warrants, and in the case of securities warrants for preferred stock, the designation, aggregate number, and terms of the class or series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of such securities warrants;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the designation and terms of the securities with which such securities warrants are being offered, if any, and the number of such securities warrants being offered with each such security;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the date on and after which such securities warrants and any related securities will be transferable separately;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the number of shares of preferred stock or shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of each of such securities warrants and the price at which such number of shares of preferred stock or common stock may be purchased upon such exercise;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the date on which the right to exercise such securities warrants shall commence and the expiration date on which such right shall expire;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">U.S. federal income tax considerations; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any other material terms of such securities warrants. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Holders of future securities warrants, if any, will not be entitled by virtue of being such holders, to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as stockholders of Redwood Trust. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">18</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tDR"></a>DESCRIPTION OF<BR> RIGHTS TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON OR PREFERRED STOCK </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may issue, as a dividend at no cost, to holders of record of our securities or any class or series thereof on the applicable record date, rights to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock, to purchase warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or to purchase units consisting of two or more of the foregoing. In this prospectus, we refer to such rights as &#147;stockholder rights.&#148; If stockholders rights are so issued to existing holders of securities, each stockholder right will entitle the registered holder thereof to purchase the securities issuable upon exercise of the
rights pursuant to the terms set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If stockholder rights are issued, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such stockholder rights including the following where applicable:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">record date;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">subscription price;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">subscription agent;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">aggregate number of shares of preferred stock, shares of common stock, warrants, or units purchasable upon exercise of such stockholder rights and in the case of stockholder rights for preferred stock or warrants exercisable for preferred stock, the designation, aggregate number, and terms of the class or series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of such stockholder rights or warrants;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the date on which the right to exercise such stockholder rights shall commence and the expiration date on which such right shall expire;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">U.S. federal income tax considerations; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">other material terms of such stockholder rights. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In addition to the terms of the stockholder rights and the securities issuable upon exercise thereof, the prospectus supplement may describe, for a holder of such stockholder rights who validly exercises all stockholder rights issued to such holder, how to subscribe for unsubscribed securities, issuable pursuant to unexercised stockholder rights issued to other holders, to the extent such stockholder rights have not been exercised. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Holders of stockholder rights will not be entitled by virtue of being such holders to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as stockholders of Redwood Trust, except to the extent described in the related prospectus supplement. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">19</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tDT"></a>DESCRIPTION OF TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redwood Capital Trust II will only issue trust preferred securities and will not issue debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, warrants, stockholder rights or units. The terms of the trust preferred securities will include those stated in the trust agreement (as it may be amended and restated from time to time) and those made a part of that trust agreement by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The statements made in this prospectus relating to the trust agreement and the trust preferred securities are summaries of certain anticipated provisions of the trust agreement and the trust preferred securities and are
not complete. This summary is subject to and qualified by reference to the description of the particular terms of the trust preferred securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The form of trust agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement and you should read the form of trust agreement for provisions that may be important to you. The actual trust agreement and the terms of any trust preferred securities may differ materially from the form of trust agreement. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement any material differences between the actual trust agreement and trust preferred securities and the form of trust agreement and the description of the trust preferred securities below. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The prospectus supplement relating to the trust preferred securities will include specific terms relating to the offering. These terms will include some or all of the following:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the designation of the trust preferred securities;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the number of trust preferred securities issued by the trust;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the annual distribution rate and any conditions upon which distributions are payable, the distribution payment dates, the record dates for distribution payments and the additional amounts, if any, that may be payable with respect to the trust preferred securities;</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether distributions will be cumulative and compounding and, if so, the dates from which distributions will be cumulative or compounded;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the amounts that will be paid out of the assets of the trust, after the satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of the trust, to the holders of trust preferred securities upon dissolution;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any repurchase, redemption or exchange provisions;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any preference or subordination rights upon a default or liquidation of the trust;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any voting rights of the trust preferred securities in addition to those required by law;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

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          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">terms for any conversion or exchange of the debt securities or the trust preferred securities into other securities;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any rights to defer distributions on the trust preferred securities by extending the interest payment period on the debt securities; and</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any other relevant terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations or restrictions of the trust preferred securities. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The trust preferred securities may not be convertible into other securities that have not been registered under this registration statement unless the trust preferred securities convertible into such other securities are not legally convertible immediately or within one year of the date of sale of such trust preferred securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, the trustees, on behalf of the trust and pursuant to the trust agreement, will issue one class of trust preferred securities and one class of trust common securities. The trust securities will represent undivided beneficial ownership interests in the assets of the trust. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, the trust preferred securities will rank equally in right of payment, and payments will be made thereon proportionately, with the trust common securities. Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the property trustee of the trust will hold legal title to the debt securities in trust for the benefit of the holders of the trust securities. Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, we will execute a guarantee agreement for the benefit of the </P>

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<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">20</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">holders of the trust preferred securities. The guarantee will guarantee the payment of distributions (as defined below) or any amounts payable on redemption or liquidation of the trust preferred securities when the trust does not have funds on hand available to make such payments. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In the prospectus supplement, we will also describe certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to the trust preferred securities. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The Trust Preferred Securities Guarantee </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, we will fully and unconditionally guarantee payments on the trust preferred securities as described in this section. The guarantee covers the following payments:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">periodic cash distributions on the trust preferred securities out of funds held by the property trustee of the trust;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">payments on dissolution of each trust; and</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">payments on redemption of trust preferred securities of each trust. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as guarantee trustee, will hold the guarantee for the benefit of the holders of trust preferred securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We have summarized selected provisions of the guarantee below. This summary is not complete. For a complete description, we encourage you to read the guarantee, the form of which we have filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, we will irrevocably and unconditionally agree to pay holders of the trust preferred securities in full the following amounts to the extent not paid by the trust:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any accumulated and unpaid distributions and any additional amounts with respect to the trust preferred securities and any redemption price for trust preferred securities called for redemption by the trust, if and to the extent that we have made corresponding payments on the debt securities to the property trustee of the trust; and</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">payments upon the dissolution of the trust equal to the less of (i) the liquidation amount plus all accumulated and unpaid distributions and additional amounts on the trust preferred securities to the extent the trust has funds legally available for those payments and (ii) the amount of assets of the trust remaining legally available for distribution to the holders of trust preferred securities in liquidation of the trust. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We will not be required to make these liquidation payments if:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the trust distributes the debt securities to the holders of trust preferred securities in exchange for their trust preferred securities; or</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the trust redeems the trust preferred securities in full upon the maturity or redemption of the debt securities. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, each guarantee is a guarantee from the time of issuance of the trust preferred securities. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, THE GUARANTEE ONLY COVERS DISTRIBUTIONS AND OTHER PAYMENTS ON TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES IF AND TO THE EXTENT THAT WE HAVE MADE CORRESPONDING PAYMENTS ON THE DEBT SECURITIES TO THE APPLICABLE PROPERTY TRUSTEE. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN THE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, IF WE DO NOT MAKE THOSE CORRESPONDING PAYMENTS ON THE DEBT SECURITIES, THE TRUST WILL NOT HAVE FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR PAYMENTS AND WE WILL HAVE
NO OBLIGATION TO MAKE A GUARANTEE PAYMENT. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our obligations under the trust agreement, the guarantee, the debt securities and the associated indenture taken together will provide a full and unconditional guarantee of payments due on the trust preferred securities. We will describe the specific terms of the guarantee in a prospectus supplement. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">21</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 24px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Covenants of Redwood </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, in the guarantee, we will agree that, as long as any trust preferred securities issued by the trust are outstanding, we will not make the payments and distributions described below if:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we are in default on our guarantee payments or other payment obligations under the guarantee;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any trust enforcement event under the trust agreement has occurred and is continuing; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we have elected to defer payments of interest on the related debt securities by extending the interest payment period and that deferral period is continuing. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, in these circumstances, we will agree that we will not:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase, acquire, or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of our capital stock, except to the extent required in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">make any payment of principal, interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities that rank equally with or junior in right of payment to the debt securities or make any guarantee payments with respect to any guarantee by us of the debt of any of our subsidiaries if such guarantee ranks equally with or junior in right of payment to the debt securities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">However, except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, even during such circumstances, we may:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">purchase or acquire our capital stock in connection with the satisfaction by us of our obligations under any employee benefit plans or pursuant to any contract or security outstanding on the first day of any extension period requiring us to purchase our capital stock;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reclassify our capital stock or exchange or convert one class or series of our capital stock for another class or series of our capital stock;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">purchase fractional interests in shares of our capital stock pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such capital stock or the security being converted or exchanged;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">declare dividends or distributions payable solely in shares of our capital stock;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">redeem or repurchase any rights pursuant to a rights agreement; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">make payments under the guarantee related to the trust preferred securities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In addition, as long as trust preferred securities issued by any trust are outstanding and except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, we will agree that we will:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">remain the sole direct or indirect owner of all the outstanding common securities of that trust, except as permitted by the applicable trust agreement;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">permit the trust common securities of that trust to be transferred only as permitted by the trust agreement; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">use reasonable efforts to cause that trust to continue to be treated as a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except in connection with a distribution of debt securities to the holders of trust preferred securities as provided in the trust agreement, in which case the trust would be dissolved. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 24px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Amendments and Assignment </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, we and the guarantee trustee may amend each guarantee without the consent of any holder of trust preferred securities if the amendment does not adversely affect the rights of the holders in any material respect or in order to conform the text of the guarantee to any provision of this prospectus or the applicable prospectus supplement to the extent such </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">22</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">provision in this prospectus or the applicable prospectus supplement was intended to be a verbatim recitation of the guarantee. In all other cases and except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, we and the guarantee trustee may amend the guarantee only with the prior approval of the holders of at least a majority of outstanding trust preferred securities issued by the applicable trust. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, we may assign our obligations under the guarantee only in connection with a consolidation, merger or asset sale involving us permitted under the indenture governing the debt securities. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 24px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Termination of the Guarantee </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the guarantee will terminate upon:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">full payment of the redemption price of all trust preferred securities of the trust;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">distribution of the related debt securities, or any securities into which those debt securities are convertible, to the holders of the trust preferred securities and trust common securities of the trust in exchange for all the securities issued by the trust; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">full payment of the amounts payable upon liquidation of the trust. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The guarantee will, however, continue to be effective or will be reinstated if any holder of trust preferred securities must repay any amounts paid on those trust preferred securities or under the guarantee. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 24px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Status of the Guarantee </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, our obligations under the guarantee will be unsecured and effectively junior in right of payment to all debt and preferred stock of our subsidiaries. BY YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THE TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES, YOU AGREE TO ANY SUBORDINATION PROVISIONS AND OTHER TERMS OF THE RELATED GUARANTEE. We will specify in a prospectus supplement the ranking of the guarantee with respect to our capital stock and other liabilities, including other guarantees. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the guarantee will be deposited with the guarantee trustee to be held for your benefit. The guarantee trustee will have the right to enforce the guarantee on your behalf. In most cases, the holders of a majority of outstanding trust preferred securities issued by the applicable trust will have the right to direct the time, method and place of:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the applicable guarantee trustee; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">exercising any trust or other power conferred upon that guarantee trustee under the applicable guarantee. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The guarantee will constitute a guarantee of payment and not merely of collection. This means that the guarantee trustee may institute a legal proceeding directly against us to enforce the payment rights under the guarantee without first instituting a legal proceeding against any other person or entity. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, if the guarantee trustee fails to enforce the guarantee or we fail to make a guarantee payment, you may institute a legal proceeding directly against us to enforce your rights under that guarantee without first instituting a legal proceeding against the applicable trust, the guarantee trustee or any other person or entity. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 24px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Periodic Reports Under Guarantee </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, we will be required to provide annually to the guarantee trustee a statement as to our performance of our obligations and our compliance with all conditions under the guarantees. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">23</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 24px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Duties of Guarantee Trustee </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the guarantee trustee normally will perform only those duties specifically set forth in the applicable guarantee. The guarantee does not contain any implied covenants. If a default occurs on the guarantee, the guarantee trustee will be required to use the same degree of care and skill in the exercise of its powers under the guarantee as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs. Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the guarantee trustee will exercise any of its rights or powers under the
guarantee at the request or direction of holders of the applicable series of trust preferred securities only if it is offered security and indemnity satisfactory to it. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 24px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Governing Law </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">New York law will govern the guarantee. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">24</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tDU"></a>DESCRIPTION OF UNITS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may issue units consisting of two or more other constituent securities. These units may be issuable as, and for a specified period of time may be transferable only as, a single security, rather than as the separate constituent securities comprising such units. The statements made in this section relating to the units are summaries only. These summaries are not complete. When we issue units, we will provide the specific terms of the units in a prospectus supplement. To the extent the information contained in the prospectus supplement differs from this summary description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus
supplement. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">When we issue units, we will provide in a prospectus supplement the following terms of the units being issued:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the title of any series of units;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the price or prices at which the units will be issued;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">information with respect to any book-entry procedures;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a discussion of any material or special United States federal income tax consequences applicable to an investment in the units; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any other terms of the units and their constituent securities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">25</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tGS"></a>GLOBAL SECURITIES </H1>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Book-Entry, Delivery and Form </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Unless we indicate differently in a prospectus supplement, the securities (other than warrant securities) initially will be issued in book-entry form and represented by one or more global notes or global securities, or, collectively, global securities. The global securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, as depositary, or DTC, and registered in the name of Cede &amp; Co., the nominee of DTC. Unless and until it is exchanged for individual certificates evidencing securities under the limited circumstances described below, a global security may not be transferred except
as a whole by the depositary to its nominee or by the nominee to the depositary, or by the depositary or its nominee to a successor depositary or to a nominee of the successor depositary. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">DTC has advised us that it is:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a &#147;banking organization&#148; within the meaning of the New York Banking Law;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a member of the Federal Reserve System;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a &#147;clearing corporation&#148; within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a &#147;clearing agency&#148; registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the settlement among its participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants&#146; accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. &#147;Direct participants&#148; in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, including underwriters, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust &amp; Clearing Corporation, or DTCC.
DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to others, which we sometimes refer to as indirect participants, that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a direct participant, either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Purchases of securities under the DTC system must be made by or through direct participants, which will receive a credit for the securities on DTC&#146;s records. The ownership interest of the actual purchaser of a security, which we sometimes refer to as a beneficial owner, is in turn recorded on the direct and indirect participants&#146; records. Beneficial owners of securities will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchases. However, beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing details of their transactions, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct or
indirect participants through which they purchased securities. Transfers of ownership interests in global securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in the global securities, except under the limited circumstances described below. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">To facilitate subsequent transfers, all global securities deposited by direct participants with DTC will be registered in the name of DTC&#146;s partnership nominee, Cede &amp; Co., or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede &amp; Co. or such other nominee will not change the beneficial ownership of the securities. DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the securities. DTC&#146;s records reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose accounts the securities are credited, which may or
may not be the beneficial owners. The participants are responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">26</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">So long as the securities are in book-entry form, you will receive payments and may transfer securities only through the facilities of the depositary and its direct and indirect participants. We will maintain an office or agency in the location specified in the prospectus supplement for the applicable securities, where notices and demands in respect of the securities and the indenture may be delivered to us and where certificated securities may be surrendered for payment, registration of transfer or exchange. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participants, by direct participants to indirect participants and by direct participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any legal requirements in effect from time to time. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redemption notices will be sent to DTC. If less than all of the securities of a particular series are being redeemed, DTC&#146;s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each direct participant in the securities of such series to be redeemed. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Neither DTC nor Cede &amp; Co. (or such other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to the securities. Under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an omnibus proxy to us as soon as possible after the record date. The omnibus proxy assigns the consenting or voting rights of Cede &amp; Co. to those direct participants to whose accounts the securities of such series are credited on the record date, identified in a listing attached to the omnibus proxy. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">So long as securities are in book-entry form, we will make payments on those securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the registered owner of such securities, by wire transfer of immediately available funds. If securities are issued in definitive certificated form under the limited circumstances described below, we will have the option of making payments by check mailed to the addresses of the persons entitled to payment or by wire transfer to bank accounts in the United States designated in writing to the applicable trustee or other designated party at least 15 days before the applicable payment date by the persons
entitled to payment, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the applicable trustee or other designated party. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments on the securities will be made to Cede &amp; Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC&#146;s practice is to credit direct participants&#146; accounts upon DTC&#146;s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from us on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC records. Payments by participants to beneficial owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the account of customers in bearer form or registered in
&#147;street name.&#148; Those payments will be the responsibility of participants and not of DTC or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments to Cede &amp; Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC, is our responsibility, disbursement of payments to direct participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of payments to the beneficial owners is the responsibility of direct and indirect participants. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except under the limited circumstances described below, purchasers of securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names and will not receive physical delivery of securities. Accordingly, each beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants to exercise any rights under the securities and the indenture. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The laws of some jurisdictions may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. Those laws may impair the ability to transfer or pledge beneficial interests in securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depositary with respect to the securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor depositary is not obtained, securities certificates are required to be printed and delivered. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">27</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">As noted above, beneficial owners of a particular series of securities generally will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in those securities. However, if:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a depositary for the global security or securities representing such series of securities or if DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act at a time when it is required to be registered and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days of the notification to us or of our becoming aware of DTC&#146;s ceasing to be so registered, as the case may be;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we determine, in our sole discretion, not to have such securities represented by one or more global securities; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to such series of securities and upon request of a holder, </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">we will prepare and deliver certificates for such securities in exchange for beneficial interests in the global securities. Any beneficial interest in a global security that is exchangeable under the circumstances described in the preceding sentence will be exchangeable for securities in definitive certificated form registered in the names that the depositary directs. It is expected that these directions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from its participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the global securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We have obtained the information in this section and elsewhere in this prospectus concerning DTC and DTC&#146;s book-entry system from sources that are believed to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for the accuracy of this information. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">28</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tRO"></a>RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In order that we may meet the requirements for qualification as a REIT at all times, among other purposes, our charter prohibits any person from acquiring or holding beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock or preferred stock (collectively, &#147;capital stock&#148;) in excess of 9.8%, in number of shares or value, of the outstanding shares of the related class of capital stock. For this purpose, the term &#147;beneficial ownership&#148; means beneficial ownership, as determined under Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of capital stock by a person, either directly or constructively, including through application of
the constructive ownership provisions of Section 544 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and related provisions. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Under the constructive ownership rules of Section 544 of the Code, a holder of a warrant generally will be treated as owning the number of shares of capital stock into which such warrant may be converted. In addition, the constructive ownership rules generally attribute ownership of securities owned by a corporation, partnership, estate, or trust proportionately to its stockholders, partners, or beneficiaries, respectively. The rules may also attribute ownership of securities owned by family members to other members of the same family and may treat an option to purchase securities as actual ownership of the underlying
securities by the optionholder. The rules further provide when securities constructively owned by a person will be considered to be actually owned for the further application of such attribution provisions. To determine whether a person holds or would hold capital stock in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit, a person will be treated as owing not only shares of capital stock actually owned, but also any shares of capital stock attributed to that person under the attribution rules described above. Accordingly, a person who directly owns less than 9.8% of the shares outstanding may nevertheless be in violation of the 9.8% ownership limit. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Any acquisition or transfer of shares of capital stock or warrants that would cause us to be disqualified as a REIT or that would create a direct or constructive ownership of shares of capital stock in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit, or result in the shares of capital stock being beneficially owned, within the meaning of Section 856(a) of the Code, by fewer than 100 persons, determined without any reference to any rules of attribution, or result in our being closely held within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, will be null and void, and the intended transferee will acquire no rights to those shares or warrants.
These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If any purported transfer of shares of capital stock or warrants results in a purported transferee owning, directly or constructively, shares in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit due to the unenforceability of the transfer restrictions described above, the amount of shares causing the purported transferee to violate the 9.8% ownership limit will constitute excess securities. Excess securities will be transferred by operation of law to Redwood Trust as trustee for the exclusive benefit of the person or persons to whom the excess securities are ultimately transferred, until such time as the purported transferee retransfers the
excess securities. While the excess securities are held in trust, a holder of such securities will not be entitled to vote or to share in any dividends or other distributions with respect to such securities and will not be entitled to exercise or convert such securities into shares of capital stock. Excess securities may be transferred by the purported transferee to any person (if such transfer would not result in excess securities) at a price not to exceed the price paid by the purported transferee (or, if no consideration was paid by the purported transferee, the Market Price (as defined in our charter) of the excess securities on the date of the purported transfer), at which point the excess securities will automatically be exchanged for the stock or warrants, as the case may be, to which the excess securities are attributable. If a purported transferee receives a higher price for designating an ultimate transferee, such purported transferee shall pay, or cause the ultimate
transferee to pay, such excess to us. In addition, such excess securities held in trust are subject to purchase by us at a purchase price equal to the lesser of (a) the price per share or per warrant, as the case may be, in the transaction that created such excess securities (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift), reduced by the amount of any distributions received in violation of the charter that have not been repaid to us, and (b) the Market Price on the date we elect to purchase the excess securities, reduced by the amount of any distributions received in violation of the charter that have not been repaid to us. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">29</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Upon a purported transfer of excess securities, the purported transferee shall cease to be entitled to distributions, voting rights, and other benefits with respect to the shares of capital stock or warrants except the right to payment of the purchase price for the shares of capital stock or warrants on the retransfer of securities as provided above. Any dividend or distribution paid to a purported transferee on excess securities prior to our discovery that shares of capital stock have been transferred in violation of our charter shall be repaid to us upon demand. If these transfer restrictions are determined to be void,
invalid, or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, then the purported transferee of any excess securities may be deemed, at our option, to have acted as an agent on our behalf in acquiring the excess securities and to hold the excess securities on our behalf. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">All certificates representing shares of capital stock and warrants will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Any person who acquires shares or warrants in violation of our charter, or any person who is a purported transferee such that excess securities result, must immediately give written notice or, in the event of a proposed or attempted transfer that would be void as set forth above, give at least 15 days prior written notice to us of such event and shall provide us such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of the transfer on our status as a REIT. In addition, as required under the REIT provisions of the Code, every record owner of more than 5.0%, during any period in which the number of
record stockholders is 2,000, or 1.0%, during any period in which the number of record stockholders is greater than 200 but less than 2,000, or 1/2%, during any period in which the number of record stockholders is 200 or less, of the number or value of our outstanding shares will receive a questionnaire from us by January 30 requesting information as to how the shares are held. In addition, our charter requires that such stockholders must provide written notice to us by 30 days after January 1 stating the name and address of the record stockholder, the number of shares beneficially owned and a description of how the shares are held. In practice, we have generally permitted our stockholders to comply with the foregoing charter requirement by responding to our annual REIT questionnaire. Further, each stockholder upon demand is required to disclose to us in writing such information with respect to the direct and constructive ownership of shares and warrants as our board of directors deems
reasonably necessary to comply with the REIT provisions of the Code, to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our board of directors may increase or decrease the 9.8% ownership limit. In addition, to the extent consistent with the REIT provisions of the Code, our board of directors may, pursuant to our charter, waive the 9.8% ownership limit for a purchaser of our stock. As a condition to such waiver the intended transferee must give written notice to the board of directors of the proposed transfer no later than the fifteenth day prior to any transfer which, if consummated, would result in the intended transferee owning shares in excess of the ownership limit. Our board of directors may also take such other action as it deems
necessary or advisable to protect our status as a REIT. Pursuant to our charter, our board of directors has, from time to time, waived the ownership limit for certain of our stockholders. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The provisions described above may inhibit market activity and the resulting opportunity for the holders of our capital stock and warrants to receive a premium for their shares or warrants that might otherwise exist in the absence of such provisions. Such provisions also may make us an unsuitable investment vehicle for any person seeking to obtain ownership of more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock. </P>

</DIV>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tCP"></a>CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We have summarized certain terms and provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws. This summary is not complete and is qualified by the provisions of our charter and bylaws, and the Maryland General Corporation Law. See &#147;Where You Can Find More Information.&#148; </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">For restrictions on ownership and transfer of our capital stock contained in our charter, see &#147;Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Repurchase of Shares.&#148; </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Maryland Business Combination Act </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Under the Maryland Business Combination Act, &#147;business combinations&#148; between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder, as such terms are defined in the Act, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business
combinations that are exempted by provision in the charter of the corporation. Our charter provides that we elect not to be governed by the provisions of the Maryland Business Combination Act. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act causes persons who acquire beneficial ownership of stock at levels of 10%, 33%, and more than 50% (control share acquisitions) to lose the voting rights of such stock unless voting rights are restored by the stockholders at a meeting by vote of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter (excluding stock held by the acquiring stockholder or the corporation's officers or employee directors). The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act affords a cash-out election for stockholders other than the acquiring stockholder, at an appraised value (but not less than the highest
price per share paid by the acquiring person in the control share acquisition), payable by the corporation, if voting rights for more than 50% of the outstanding stock are approved for the acquiring person. Under certain circumstances, the corporation may redeem shares acquired in a control share acquisition if voting rights for such shares have not been approved. The statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation, or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. A corporation's board of directors has an &#147;opt-out&#148; power, exercisable through amendment of the corporation's bylaws (which could be changed by the stockholders), to exempt in advance any control share acquisition from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act acquisitions by certain persons of
shares of our common stock in accordance with waivers from the ownership limit in our charter granted to such persons by our board of directors. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and of increasing the difficulty of consummating any such offers. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Board of Directors, Vacancies, and Removal of Directors </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">All directors are elected annually to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualify. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Pursuant to our election to be subject to certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, any vacancy on our board of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies. A director may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast generally for the election
of directors. </P>

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<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">31</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Charter Amendments and Extraordinary Corporate Actions </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange, convert or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter provides for approval of these
matters by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of shares entitled to vote on the matter. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (i) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (ii) by the board of directors or (iii) by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of our bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting.<B></B> </P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tMF"></a>MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding our qualification and taxation as a REIT and the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our capital stock and debt securities, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects. Supplemental U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to the ownership of certain securities offered by this prospectus may be provided in the prospectus supplement that relates to those securities. Your tax treatment will vary depending upon the terms of the specific securities you acquire, as well as your
particular situation. For purposes of this discussion, references to &#147;we,&#148; &#147;our&#148; and &#147;us&#148; mean only Redwood Trust, Inc. and do not include any of its subsidiaries, except as otherwise indicated. This summary is for general information only and is not tax advice. The information in this summary is based on:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Code;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">current, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the legislative history of the Code;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS); and</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">court decisions; </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">in each case, as of the date of this prospectus. In addition, the administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS include its practices and policies as expressed in private letter rulings that are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the particular taxpayers who requested and received those rulings. The sections of the Code and the corresponding Treasury regulations that relate to qualification and taxation as a REIT are highly technical and complex. The following discussion sets forth certain material aspects of the sections of the Code that govern our federal income tax treatment as a REIT and holders of our
capital stock. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof. Future legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations and practices and/or court decisions may adversely affect the tax considerations contained in this discussion. Any such change could apply retroactively to transactions preceding the date of the change. We have not requested and do not intend to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the matters discussed below, including our qualification as a REIT, and the statements in this prospectus are not binding on the IRS or any court. Thus, we can provide no assurance that the tax considerations contained in this discussion will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if challenged by the IRS. This summary does not discuss any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences, or any tax consequences arising
under any federal tax laws other than federal income tax laws, associated with the acquisition, ownership, or disposition of our capital stock or our election to be taxed as a REIT. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences to you of:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the acquisition, ownership or disposition of our capital stock or debt securities, including the federal, state, local, non-U.S. and other tax consequences;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our election to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">potential changes in applicable tax laws. </TD>

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</TABLE>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Taxation of the Company </H2>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">General </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1994. We believe we have been organized and have operated in a manner that has allowed us to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code commencing with such taxable year, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in this manner. However, qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, including through actual annual operating results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of share
ownership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we have been organized and have operated, or will continue to be organized and operate, in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Failure to Qualify.&#148; </P>

</DIV>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Latham &amp; Watkins LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection with this prospectus and our federal income tax status as a REIT. Latham &amp; Watkins LLP has rendered an opinion to us to the effect that, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2011, we have been organized and have operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and our proposed method of operation will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion was based on various assumptions and
representations as to factual matters, including representations made by us in a factual certificate provided by one or more of our officers. In addition, this opinion was based upon our factual representations set forth in this prospectus. Additionally, to the extent we make certain investments, such as investments in commercial mortgage loan securitizations, the accuracy of such opinion will also depend on the accuracy of certain opinions rendered to us in connection with such transactions. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, which are discussed below, including through actual annual operating results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership, the results of which have not been and will not be reviewed by Latham &amp; Watkins LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy
those requirements. Further, the anticipated federal income tax treatment described in this discussion may be changed, perhaps retroactively, by legislative, administrative or judicial action at any time. Latham &amp; Watkins LLP has no obligation to update its opinion subsequent to the date of such opinion. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Provided we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be required to pay federal corporate income taxes on our REIT taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the &#147;double taxation&#148; that ordinarily results from investment in a C corporation. A C corporation is a corporation that generally is required to pay tax at the corporate level. Double taxation means taxation once at the corporate level when income is earned and once again at the shareholder level when the income is distributed. We will, however, be required to pay federal income tax as
follows:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We will be required to pay tax at regular corporate rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We may be required to pay the &#147;alternative minimum tax&#148; on our items of tax preference under some circumstances.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">If we have (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of &#147;foreclosure property&#148; held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (2) other nonqualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be required to pay tax at the highest corporate rate on this income. To the extent that income from foreclosure property is otherwise qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, this tax is not applicable. Subject to certain other requirements, foreclosure property generally is defined as property we acquired through foreclosure or after a default on a loan secured by the property or a lease of the property.</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income from prohibited transactions. Prohibited transactions are, in general, sales or other taxable dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below, but have otherwise maintained our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements are met, we will be required to pay a tax equal to (1) the greater of (A) the amount by which we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test and (B) the amount by which we fail to satisfy the 95% gross income test, <U>multiplied by</U> (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">If we fail to satisfy any of the asset tests (other than a <I>de minimis</I> failure of the 5% or 10% asset test), as described below, due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and we nonetheless maintain our REIT qualification because of specified cure provisions, we will be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate <U>multiplied by</U> the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets that caused us to fail such test.</TD>

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</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">34</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">If we fail to satisfy any provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT (other than a violation of the gross income tests or certain violations of the asset tests, as described below) and the violation is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we may retain our REIT qualification but we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.</TD>

</TR>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We will be required to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income for the year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">If we acquire any asset from a corporation that is or has been a C corporation in a transaction in which our basis in the asset is less than the fair market value of the asset, in each case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset, and we subsequently recognize gain on the disposition of the asset during the five-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired the asset, then we generally will be required to pay tax at the highest regular corporate tax rate on this gain to the extent of the excess of (1) the fair market value of the asset over (2) our adjusted basis in the asset, in each case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset. The results described in this paragraph with respect to the recognition of gain assume that the C corporation will refrain from making an election to receive different treatment under applicable Treasury regulations on its tax return for the year in which we acquire the asset
from the C corporation. Under applicable Treasury regulations, any gain from the sale of property we acquire in an exchange under Section 1031 (a like-kind exchange) or 1033 (an involuntary conversion) of the Code generally are excluded.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We will generally be subject to tax on the portion of any &#147;excess inclusion income&#148; derived from an investment in residual interests in certain mortgage loan securitization structures (<I>i.e.</I>, a &#147;taxable mortgage pool&#148; or a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (a &#147;REMIC&#148;)) to the extent that our capital stock is held by specified types of tax-exempt organizations known as &#147;disqualified organizations&#148; that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income. To the extent that we own a REMIC residual interest or a taxable mortgage pool through a TRS (as defined below under &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;General&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Ownership of Interests in TRSs&#148;), we will not be subject to this tax. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of
the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;General&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxable Mortgage Pools.&#148;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Our subsidiaries that are C corporations, including our TRSs, generally will be required to pay federal corporate income tax on their earnings.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any &#147;redetermined rents,&#148; &#147;redetermined deductions,&#148; &#147;excess interest&#148; or (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015) &#147;redetermined TRS service income,&#148; See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Income Tests&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Penalty Tax.&#148;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net capital gain. In that case, a stockholder would include its proportionate share of our undistributed net capital gain (to the extent we make a timely designation of such gain to stockholders) in its income, would be deemed to have paid the tax that we paid on such gain, and would be allowed a credit for its proportionate share of the tax deemed to have been paid, and an adjustment would be made to increase the basis of the holders of our capital stock.</TD>

</TR>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">If we fail to comply with the requirement to send annual letters to our stockholders requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our beneficial interests, and the failure is not due to reasonable cause or due to willful neglect, we will be subject to a $25,000 penalty, or if the failure is intentional, a $50,000 penalty. </TD>

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</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">35</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Requirements for Qualification as a REIT </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association: </P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">1.</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; </TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">2.</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that issues transferable shares or transferable certificates to evidence its beneficial ownership; </TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">3.</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 860 of the Code; </TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">4.</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that is not a financial institution or an insurance company within the meaning of certain provisions of the Code; </TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">5.</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that is beneficially owned by 100 or more persons; </TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">6.</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals, including certain specified entities, during the last half of each taxable year; and </TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">7.</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that meets other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The Code provides that conditions (1) to (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply until after the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT. For purposes of condition (6), the term &#147;individual&#148; includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefit plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes, but
generally does not include a qualified pension plan or profit sharing trust. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner that has allowed us, and will continue to allow us, to satisfy conditions (1) through (7), inclusive, during the relevant time periods. In addition, our charter provides for restrictions regarding ownership and transfer of our shares which are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. A description of the share ownership and transfer restrictions relating to our shares of our capital stock is contained in the discussion under the heading &#147;Restrictions on Ownership and
Transfer and Repurchase of Shares.&#148; These restrictions, however, do not ensure that we have previously satisfied, and may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to continue to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, except as provided in the next sentence, our status as a REIT will terminate. If, however, we comply with the rules contained in applicable Treasury regulations that require us to ascertain the actual ownership of our shares and we do not know, or would not have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence, that we failed to meet the requirement described in condition (6) above, we will be treated as having met this requirement. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Failure to Qualify.&#148; </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In addition, we may not maintain our status as a REIT unless our taxable year is the calendar year. We have and will continue to have a calendar taxable year. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Ownership of Interests in Partnerships, Limited Liability Companies and Qualified REIT Subsidiaries </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership, or a member in a limited liability company treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, Treasury regulations provide that the REIT will be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, based on its interest in the partnership or limited liability company capital, subject to special rules relating to the 10% asset test described below. Also, the REIT will be deemed to be entitled to its proportionate share of the income of that entity. The assets and gross income of the partnership or
limited liability company retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of Section 856 of the Code, including satisfying the gross income tests and the asset tests. Thus, our pro rata share of the assets and items of income of any partnership or limited liability company treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, including such partnership&#146;s or limited liability company&#146;s share of these items of any partnership or limited liability company treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we own an </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">36</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">interest, would be treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of applying the requirements described in this discussion, including the gross income and asset tests described below. For purposes of the REIT qualification tests, the treatment of our ownership of partnerships or limited liability companies treated as disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes is generally the same as described below with respect to qualified REIT subsidiaries. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We have control of our subsidiary limited liability companies and intend to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. If we are a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership or limited liability company and such entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or requires us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a gross income or asset test, and that we would not become
aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief, as described below. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">From time to time, we may own wholly owned subsidiaries that are treated as &#147;qualified REIT subsidiaries&#148; under the Code. A corporation qualifies as our qualified REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of the corporation&#146;s outstanding stock and do not elect with the subsidiary to treat it as a TRS, as described below. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the parent REIT for all purposes
under the Code, including all REIT qualification tests. Thus, in applying the federal tax requirements described herein, any qualified REIT subsidiaries we own are ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of such corporations are treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to federal income tax, and our ownership of the stock of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not violate the restrictions on ownership of securities, as described below under &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Asset Tests.&#148; </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Ownership of Interests in TRSs </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">From time to time, we may own interests in one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRSs). A TRS is a corporation, other than a REIT, in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock, and that has made a joint election with such REIT to be treated as a TRS. If a TRS owns more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of another corporation, such other corporation will also be treated as a TRS. A REIT is not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or as receiving any income that the subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by the subsidiary is an asset in the hands of the REIT, and the REIT
generally recognizes as income the dividends, if any, that it receives from the subsidiary. A REIT&#146;s ownership of securities of a TRS is not subject to the 5% or 10% asset test described below. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Asset Tests.&#148; </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a TRS may generally engage in any business. A TRS is subject to federal income tax as a regular C corporation. Non-U.S. TRSs that are not engaged in trade or business in the United States for tax purposes generally are not subject to U.S. corporate income taxation. However, certain U.S. shareholders of such non-U.S. corporations may be required to include in their income currently their proportionate share of the earnings of such a corporation, whether or not such earnings are distributed. This could affect our ability to comply with the REIT income
tests and distribution requirement. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Income Tests&#148; and &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Annual Distribution Requirements.&#148; </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may hold a significant number of assets in one or more TRSs, subject to the limitation that securities in TRSs may not represent more than 25% of our total assets (20% for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017). We may engage in securitization transactions through our TRSs, and to the extent that we acquire loans with an intention of selling such loans in a manner that might expose us to a 100% tax on &#147;prohibited transactions,&#148; such loans may be acquired by a TRS. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">37</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Certain restrictions imposed on TRSs are intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of U.S. federal income taxation. For example, a TRS generally may not deduct interest payments made in any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that certain tests regarding the TRS&#146;s debt to equity ratio and interest expense are not satisfied (although the TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the applicable test is satisfied in that year). In addition, if amounts are paid to a REIT or deducted by a TRS due to transactions between a REIT, its
tenants and/or the TRS, that exceed the amount that would be paid to or deducted by a party in an arm&#146;s-length transaction, the REIT generally will be subject to an excise tax equal to 100% of such excess. Furthermore, income of a TRS that is understated as a result of services provided to us or on our behalf generally will be subject to a 100% penalty tax for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Income Tests&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Penalty Tax.&#148; </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Taxable Mortgage Pools </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">An entity, or a portion of an entity, may be classified as a taxable mortgage pool (a &#147;TMP&#148;), under the Code if:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">substantially all of its assets consist of debt obligations or interests in debt obligations;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">more than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgages or interests in real estate mortgages as of specified testing dates;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the entity has issued debt obligations that have two or more maturities; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the payments required to be made by the entity on its debt obligations &#147;bear a relationship&#148; to the payments to be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds as assets. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Under applicable Treasury regulations, if less than 80% of the assets of an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt obligations, these debt obligations are considered not to comprise &#147;substantially all&#148; of its assets, and therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP. We may enter into financing and securitization arrangements that give rise to TMPs. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">A TMP generally is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, special rules apply to a REIT, a portion of a REIT, or a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a taxable mortgage pool. If a REIT owns directly, or indirectly through one or more qualified REIT subsidiaries or other entities that are disregarded as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, 100% of the equity interests in the TMP, the TMP will be a qualified REIT subsidiary and, therefore, ignored as an entity separate from the REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and would not generally affect the tax qualification of the
REIT. Rather, the consequences of the taxable mortgage pool classification would generally be limited to the REIT&#146;s shareholders. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;General&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Excess Inclusion Income.&#148; </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Excess Inclusion Income </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">A portion of income from a TMP arrangement, which might be non-cash accrued income, could be treated as &#147;excess inclusion income.&#148; A REIT&#146;s excess inclusion income, including any excess inclusion income from a residual interest in a REMIC, must be allocated among its shareholders in proportion to dividends paid. We generally do not expect to generate excess inclusion income that would be allocated to our stockholders. In the event we do generate excess inclusion income, we are required to notify our stockholders of the amount of such income allocated to them. A shareholder&#146;s share of excess inclusion
income:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">cannot be offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the shareholder;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in the case of a shareholder that is a REIT, a RIC, or a common trust fund or other pass through entity, is considered excess inclusion income of such entity;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">is subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income in the hands of most types of shareholders that are otherwise generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">results in the application of U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate (30%), without reduction for any otherwise applicable income tax treaty or other exemption, to the extent allocable to most types of non-U.S. shareholders; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">38</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">is taxable (at the highest U.S. federal corporate tax rate, currently 35%) to the REIT, rather than its shareholders, to the extent allocable to the REIT&#146;s shares held in record name by disqualified organizations (generally, tax-exempt entities not subject to unrelated business income tax, including governmental organizations). </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The manner in which excess inclusion income is calculated, or would be allocated to our stockholders, including allocations among shares of different classes of stock, is not clear under current law. As required by IRS guidance, we intend to make such determinations using a reasonable method. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Tax-exempt investors, RIC or REIT investors, non-U.S. investors and taxpayers with net operating losses should carefully consider the tax consequences described above, and are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our capital stock. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If a subsidiary partnership of ours that we do not wholly own, directly or through one or more disregarded entities, were a TMP, the foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the partnership that is a TMP would be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and potentially would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax or withholding tax. In addition, this characterization would alter our income and asset test calculations, and could adversely affect our compliance with those requirements. We intend to monitor the structure of any TMPs in which we will have an interest to ensure that they will not
adversely affect our qualification as a REIT. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Income Tests </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We must satisfy two gross income requirements annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, in each taxable year we must derive directly or indirectly at least 75% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, certain hedging transactions, and certain foreign currency gains) from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, interest on obligations adequately secured by mortgages on real property, dividends from other REITs, &#147;rents from real property,&#148; and certain types of temporary investments. Second, in each taxable year we must derive at least 95% of
our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, certain hedging transactions, and certain foreign currency gains) from the real property investments described above or dividends, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or any combination of the foregoing. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Interest Income </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Interest income constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test to the extent that the obligation is secured by a mortgage on real property and, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, if an obligation is secured by a mortgage on both real property and personal property and the fair market value of such personal property does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all such property. In some cases in the event that we invest in a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and personal property, we may be required to apportion our interest on the loan
between interest on an obligation that is secured by real property (or by an interest in real property) and interest on an obligation that is not so secured. Even if a loan is not secured by real property or is undersecured, the income that it generates may nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">To the extent that we derive interest income from a loan where all or a portion of the amount of interest payable is contingent, such income generally will qualify for purposes of the gross income tests only if it is based upon the gross receipts or sales and not the net income or profits of any person. This limitation does not apply, however, to a mortgage loan where the borrower derives substantially all of its income from the property from the leasing of substantially all of its interest in the property to tenants, to the extent that the rental income derived by the borrower would qualify as rents from real property had we
earned it directly. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">To the extent that the terms of a loan provide for contingent interest that is based on the cash proceeds realized upon the sale of the property securing the loan (or a shared appreciation provision), income attributable to the participation feature will be treated as gain from sale of the underlying property, which generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests, provided that the property is not inventory or dealer property of the borrower or ours. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Any amount includible in our gross income with respect to a regular or residual interest in a REMIC generally is treated as interest on an obligation secured by a mortgage on real property. If, however, less than </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">39</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

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<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">95% of the assets of a REMIC consists of real estate assets (determined as if we held such assets), we will be treated as receiving directly our proportionate share of the income of the REMIC for purposes of determining the amount that is treated as interest on an obligation secured by a mortgage on real property. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Among the assets we may hold are certain mezzanine loans secured by equity interests in a pass-through entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather than a direct mortgage on the real property. The IRS issued Revenue Procedure 2003-65 (the &#147;Revenue Procedure&#148;), which provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, and interest derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers
may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. From time to time, we may own mezzanine loans that do not meet all of the requirements for reliance on this safe harbor. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the qualification of any mezzanine loans we may own as real estate assets or the interest generated by such loans as qualifying income under the 75% gross income test. If we make corporate mezzanine loans or acquire other CRE corporate debt, such loans will not qualify as real estate assets and interest income with respect to such loans will not be qualifying income for the 75% gross income test. To the extent that such non-qualification causes us to fail the 75% gross income test, we could be required to pay a penalty tax or fail to qualify as a REIT. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We expect that any CMBS that we may invest in will be treated either as interests in a grantor trust or as interests in a REMIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that all interest income, original issue discount and market discount from such CMBS will be qualifying income for the 95% gross income test. In the case of CMBS treated as interests in a REMIC, income derived from REMIC interests will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. As discussed above, if less than 95% of the assets of the REMIC are real estate assets, however, then only a proportionate part of our
income derived from the REMIC interest will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test. In addition, some REMIC securitizations include imbedded interest swap or cap contracts or other derivative instruments that potentially could produce non-qualifying income for the holder of the related REMIC securities. In the case of CMBS treated as interests in grantor trusts, we would be treated as owning an undivided beneficial ownership interest in the mortgage loans held by the grantor trust. The interest, original issue discount and market discount on such mortgage loans would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test to the extent that the obligation is secured by real property and, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, if an obligation is secured by a mortgage on both real property and personal property and the fair market value of such personal property does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all such property, as
discussed above. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We believe that the interest income that we receive from our mortgage-related investments and securities generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests. However, to the extent we own non-REMIC collateralized mortgage obligations or other debt instruments secured by mortgage loans (rather than by real property) or secured by non-real estate assets, or debt securities that are not secured by mortgages on real property or interests in real property, the interest income received with respect to such securities generally will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income
test, but not the 75% gross income test. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Fee Income </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may receive various fees in connection with our operations. The fees generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests if they are received in consideration for entering into an agreement to make a loan secured by real property and the fees are not determined by income or profits of any person. Other fees are not qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Any fees earned by a TRS are not included for purposes of the gross income tests. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Dividend Income </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may receive distributions from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions generally will be classified as dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions generally will constitute qualifying income for </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">40</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test. Any dividends we receive from a REIT will be qualifying income in our hands for purposes of both the 95% and 75% gross income tests. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Income inclusions from equity investments in certain foreign corporations, such as controlled foreign corporations and passive foreign investment companies, as defined in the Code, are technically neither dividends nor any of the other enumerated categories of income specified in the 95% gross income test for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, in private letter rulings (which may not be relied on as precedent, but which generally indicate the IRS&#146;s view on the issue), the IRS exercised its authority under Code Section 856(c)(5)(J)(ii) to treat such income as qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income
test notwithstanding the fact that the income is not included in the enumerated categories of income qualifying for the 95% gross income test. As a result, to the extent consistent with such private letter rulings, we expect to treat any such income inclusions that meet certain requirements as qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. However, it is possible that the IRS could assert that such income does not qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test, which, if such income together with other income we earn that does not qualify for the 95% gross income test exceeded 5% of our gross income, could cause us to be subject to a penalty tax and could impact our ability to qualify as a REIT. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Income Tests&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Failure to Satisfy the Gross Income Tests&#148; and &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation
of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Failure to Qualify.&#148; </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Hedging Transactions </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Income from a hedging transaction, including gain from the sale or disposition of such a transaction, that is clearly identified as a hedging transaction as specified in the Code will not constitute gross income and thus will be exempt from the 75% and 95% gross income tests. The term &#147;hedging transaction,&#148; as used above, generally means (A) any
transaction we enter into in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of (1) interest rate changes or fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made by us to acquire or carry real estate assets, or (2) currency fluctuations with respect to an item of qualifying income under the 75% or 95% gross income test or any property which generates such income and (B) for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, new transactions entered into to hedge the income or loss from prior hedging transactions, where the property or indebtedness which was the subject of the prior hedging transaction was extinguished or disposed of. To the extent that we do not properly identify such transactions as hedges or we hedge with other types of financial instruments, the income from those transactions is not likely to be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our
status as a REIT. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Rents from Real Property </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">To the extent that we own real property or interests therein, rents we receive will qualify as &#147;rents from real property&#148; in satisfying the gross income tests described above only if several conditions are met, including the following:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The amount of rent is not based in any way on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount we receive or accrue generally will not be excluded from the term &#147;rents from real property&#148; solely because it is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales or if it is based on the net income of a tenant which derives substantially all of its income with respect to such property from subleasing of substantially all of such property, to the extent that the rents paid by the subtenants would qualify as rents from real property, if we earned it directly;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Neither we nor an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of our capital stock actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the interests in the assets or net profits of a non-corporate tenant, or, if the tenant is a corporation, 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of stock of the tenant. Rents we receive from such a tenant that is a TRS of ours, however, will not be excluded from the definition of &#147;rents from real property&#148; as a result of this condition if at least 90% of the </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

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          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">space at the property to which the rents relate is leased to third parties, and the rents paid by the TRS are substantially comparable to rents paid by our other tenants for comparable space;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is not greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. If this condition is not met, then the portion of the rent attributable to personal property will not qualify as &#147;rents from real property.&#148; To the extent that rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property exceeds 15% of the total rent received under the lease, we may transfer a portion of such personal property to a TRS; and</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">We generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render certain services to the tenants of such property, other than through an &#147;independent contractor&#148; who is adequately compensated and from which we derive no income or through a TRS. We are permitted, however, to perform services that are &#147;usually or customarily rendered&#148; in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered rendered to the occupant of the property. In addition, we may directly or indirectly provide non-customary services to tenants of our properties without disqualifying all of the rent from the property if the greater of 150% of our direct cost in furnishing or rendering the services or the payment for such services does not exceed 1% of the total gross income from the property. In such a case, only the amounts for non-customary services are not treated as rents from real property and the provision
of the services does not disqualify the related rent. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We intend to structure any leases so that the rent payable thereunder will qualify as &#147;rents from real property,&#148; but there can be no assurance we will be successful in this regard. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Phantom Income </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Due to the nature of the assets in which we may invest, from time to time we may be required to recognize taxable income from those assets in advance of our receipt of cash flow on or proceeds from disposition of such assets, and may be required to report taxable income in early periods that exceeds the economic income ultimately realized on such assets. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If we were to acquire debt instruments in the secondary market for less than their face amount, the amount of such discount generally would be treated as &#147;market discount&#148; for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accrued market discount is reported as income when, and to the extent that, any payment of principal of the debt instrument is made, unless we elect to include accrued market discount in income as it accrues. Principal payments on certain loans are made monthly, and consequently accrued market discount may have to be included in income each month as if the debt instrument were assured of ultimately being
collected in full. If we collect less on the debt instrument than our purchase price <U>plus</U> the market discount we had previously reported as income, we may not be able to benefit from any offsetting loss deductions in a subsequent taxable year. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If we were to acquire securities issued with original issue discount, we would generally be required to accrue original issue discount based on the constant yield to maturity of the securities, and to treat it as taxable income in accordance with applicable U.S. federal income tax rules even though smaller or no cash payments were received on such debt instrument. As in the case of the market discount discussed in the preceding paragraph, the constant yield in question would be determined and we would be taxed based on the assumption that all future payments due on securities in question will be made, with consequences similar
to those described in the previous paragraph if all payments on the securities are not made. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In addition, in the event that any debt instruments or other securities we acquire are delinquent as to mandatory principal and interest payments, or in the event payments with respect to a particular debt instrument are not made when due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize the unpaid interest as taxable income. Similarly, we may be required to accrue interest income with respect to subordinate MBS at the stated rate regardless of whether corresponding cash payments are received. </P>

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<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">42</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Finally, we may be required under the terms of indebtedness that we incur to private lenders to use cash received from interest payments to make principal payments on that indebtedness, with the effect of recognizing income but not having a corresponding amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Due to each of these potential timing differences between income recognition or expense deduction and the related cash receipts or disbursements, there is a risk that we may have taxable income in excess of cash available for distribution. In that event, we may need to borrow funds or take other action to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements for the taxable year in which this &#147;phantom income&#148; is recognized. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Annual Distribution Requirements.&#148; </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Prohibited Transaction Income </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Any gain that we realize on the sale of an asset (other than foreclosure property, as described below) held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, either directly or through any qualified REIT subsidiaries, subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies or by a borrower that has issued a shared appreciation mortgage or similar debt instrument to us, will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax, unless certain safe harbor exceptions apply. This prohibited transaction income may also adversely affect our ability
to satisfy the gross income tests for qualification as a REIT. Under existing law, whether an asset is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. We intend to conduct our operations so that no asset we own will be held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers, and that a sale of any assets we own will not be in the ordinary course of business. However, the IRS may successfully assert that some or all of the sales made by us, our subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies, or by a borrower that has issued a shared appreciation mortgage or similar debt instrument to us are prohibited transactions. We would be required to pay the 100% penalty tax on our allocable share of the gains resulting from any such sales. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of assets that are held through a TRS,
although such income will be subject to tax at regular U.S. federal corporate income tax rates. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Foreclosure Property </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Foreclosure property is real property and any personal property incident to such real property (1) that is acquired by a REIT as a result of the REIT having bid on the property at foreclosure or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law after there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by the REIT and secured by the property, (2) for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated and (3) for which such REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as
foreclosure property. REITs generally are subject to tax at the maximum U.S. federal corporate tax rate (currently 35%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property in the hands of the selling REIT. If we believe we will receive any income from foreclosure property that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, we intend to elect to treat the related property as foreclosure property. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Penalty Tax </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Any redetermined deductions, excess interest, redetermined rents or (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015) redetermined TRS service income we generate will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, redetermined deductions and excess interest represent any amounts that are deducted by a TRS of ours for amounts paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm&#146;s length negotiations, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of any services furnished to any of our tenants by a TRS of ours, and redetermined TRS service income is
income of a TRS of ours that is understated as a result of services provided to us or on our behalf. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We do not have any TRSs that provide tenant services, and we intend to set any amounts payable to us by our TRSs at arm&#146;s length rates. These determinations are inherently factual, and the IRS has broad </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">43</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">discretion to assert that amounts paid between related parties should be reallocated to clearly reflect their respective incomes. If the IRS successfully made such an assertion, we would be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on such redetermined deductions or excess interest. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Failure to Satisfy the Gross Income Tests. </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We monitor our income and take actions intended to keep our nonqualifying income within the limitations of the gross income tests. Although we expect these actions will be sufficient to prevent a violation of the gross income tests, we cannot guarantee that such actions will in all cases prevent such a violation. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for the year if we are entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code. We generally may make use of the relief provisions if:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">following our identification of the failure to meet the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we file a schedule with the IRS setting forth each item of our gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for such taxable year in accordance with Treasury regulations to be issued; and</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. For example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because nonqualifying income that we intentionally accrue or receive exceeds the limits on nonqualifying income, the IRS could conclude that our failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. If these relief provisions do not apply to a particular set of circumstances, we will not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above in &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the
Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;General,&#148; even if these relief provisions apply, and we retain our qualification as a REIT, a tax would be imposed with respect to our nonqualifying income. We may not always be able to comply with the gross income tests for REIT qualification despite periodic monitoring of our income. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Asset Tests </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">At the close of each calendar quarter of our taxable year, we must also satisfy certain tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets, cash, cash items and U.S. government securities. For purposes of this test, the term &#147;real estate assets&#148; generally means real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property) and shares (or transferable certificates of beneficial interest) in other REITs, as well as any stock or debt instrument attributable to the investment of
the proceeds of a stock offering or a public offering of debt with a term of at least five years, but only for the one-year period beginning on the date the REIT receives such proceeds. Regular or residual interests in REMICs are generally treated as a real estate asset. If, however, less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consists of real estate assets (determined as if we held such assets), we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets of the REMIC. In the case of any interests in grantor trusts, we would be treated as owning an undivided beneficial interest in the mortgage loans held by the grantor trust. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, the term &#147;real estate assets&#148; also includes debt instruments of publicly offered REITs, personal property securing a mortgage secured by both real property and personal property if the fair market value of such personal property does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all such property
and personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property for which the rent attributable to personal property is not greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Second, not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities (including securities of TRSs), other than those securities includable in the 75% asset test. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Third, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, and except for investments in other REITs, our qualified REIT subsidiaries and TRSs, the value of any one issuer&#146;s securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets, and we may not own more than 10% of the total vote or value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer except, in the case of the 10% value test, securities satisfying the &#147;straight debt&#148; safe-harbor or securities issued by a partnership that itself would satisfy the 75% gross income test if it were a REIT. Certain types of securities we may own are disregarded as securities
solely for purposes of the 10% value test, </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">44</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">including, but not limited to, any loan to an individual or an estate, any obligation to pay rents from real property and any security issued by a REIT. In addition, solely for purposes of the 10% value test, the determination of our interest in the assets of a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest will be based on our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership or limited liability company, excluding for this purpose certain securities described in the Code. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Fourth, not more than 25% (20% for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017) of the value of our total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more TRSs. We currently own 100% of the stock of a subsidiary that has elected, together with us, to be treated as our TRS. So long as this company qualifies as a TRS, we will not be subject to the 5% asset test, the 10% voting securities limitation or the 10% value limitation with respect to our ownership of its interests. We may acquire securities in other TRSs in the future. We believe that the aggregate value of our TRSs has not exceeded, and in the future will
not exceed, 25% (20% for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017) of the aggregate value of our gross assets. We generally do not obtain independent appraisals to support these conclusions. In addition, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not disagree with our determinations of value. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Fifth, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by debt instruments of publicly offered REITs to the extent those debt instruments would not be real estate assets but for the inclusion of debt instruments of publicly offered REITs in the meaning of real estate assets effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, as described above. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We believe that the assets comprising our mortgage-related investments and securities that we own generally are qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test, and that our ownership of TRSs and other assets have been structured in a manner that will comply with the foregoing REIT asset requirements, and we monitor compliance on an ongoing basis. There can be no assurance, however, that we will always be successful in this effort. In this regard, to determine compliance with these requirements, we need to estimate the value of our assets, and we do not expect to obtain independent appraisals to support our conclusions as
to the total value of our assets or the value of any particular security or other asset. Moreover, values of some assets, including our interests in our TRSs, may not be susceptible to a precise determination and are subject to change in the future. Although we will continue to be prudent in making these estimates, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not disagree with these determinations and assert that a different value is applicable, in which case we might not satisfy the REIT asset tests, and could fail to qualify as a REIT. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In the event that we invest in a mortgage loan that is not fully secured by real property, Revenue Procedure 2014-51 provides a safe harbor under which the IRS has stated that it will not challenge a REIT&#146;s treatment of a loan as being, in part, a qualifying real estate asset in an amount equal to the lesser of: (1) the greater of (a) the fair market value of the real property securing the loan determined as of the date the REIT committed to acquire the loan or (b) the fair market value of the real property securing the loan on the relevant quarterly REIT asset testing date; or (2) the fair market value of the loan on the
date of the relevant quarterly REIT asset testing date. We intend to invest in mortgage loans in a manner consistent with satisfying the asset tests and maintaining our qualification as a REIT. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT asset tests. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not assert that our interests in subsidiaries or in the securities of other issuers caused a violation of the REIT asset tests. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In addition, we intend to enter into repurchase agreements under which we will nominally sell certain of our assets to a counterparty and simultaneously enter into an agreement to repurchase the sold assets. We believe that we will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the owner of the assets that are the subject of any repurchase agreement and that the repurchase agreement will be treated as a secured lending transaction notwithstanding that we may transfer record ownership of the assets to the counterparty during the term of the agreement. It is possible, however, that the IRS could successfully assert that we
did not own the assets during the term of the repurchase agreement, in which case we could fail to qualify as a REIT. </P>

</DIV>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The asset tests must be satisfied at the close of each calendar quarter of our taxable year in which we (directly or through any qualified REIT subsidiary, partnership or limited liability company) acquire securities in the applicable issuer, and also at the close of each calendar quarter in which we increase our ownership of securities of such issuer (including as a result of an increase in our interest in any partnership or limited liability company that owns such securities, or acquiring other assets). For example, our indirect ownership of securities of each issuer may increase as a result of our capital contributions to,
or the redemption of other partners&#146; or members&#146; interests in, a partnership or limited liability company in which we have an ownership interest. However, after initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If we fail to satisfy an asset test because we acquire securities or other property during a quarter (including as a result of an increase in our interest in any partnership or limited liability company), we may cure this failure by disposing of sufficient nonqualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We believe that we have maintained, and we intend to maintain, adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests. If we fail to cure any noncompliance with the asset tests within the 30-day cure period, we would cease to qualify as a REIT unless we are
eligible for certain relief provisions discussed below. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Certain relief provisions may be available to us if we discover a failure to satisfy the asset tests described above after the 30-day cure period. Under these provisions, we will be deemed to have met the 5% and 10% asset tests if the value of our nonqualifying assets (i) does not exceed the lesser of (a) 1% of the total value of our assets at the end of the applicable quarter or (b) $10,000,000, and (ii) we dispose of the nonqualifying assets or otherwise satisfy such tests within (a) six months after the last day of the quarter in which the failure to satisfy the asset tests is discovered or (b) the period of time prescribed
by Treasury regulations to be issued. For violations of any of the asset tests due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and that are, in the case of the 5% and 10% asset tests, in excess of the <I>de minimis</I> exception described above, we may avoid disqualification as a REIT after the 30-day cure period by taking steps including (1) the disposition of sufficient nonqualifying assets, or the taking of other actions, which allow us to meet the asset tests within (a) six months after the last day of the quarter in which the failure to satisfy the asset tests is discovered or (b) the period of time prescribed by Treasury regulations to be issued, (2) paying a tax equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 or (b) the highest corporate tax rate <U>multiplied by</U> the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets, and (3) disclosing certain information to the IRS. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Although we believe we have satisfied the asset tests described above and plan to ensure that we satisfy such tests for any quarter with respect to which retesting is to occur, there can be no assurance that we will always be successful, or will not require a reduction in our overall interest in an issuer (including in a TRS). If we fail to cure any noncompliance with the asset tests in a timely manner, and the relief provisions described above are not available, we would cease to qualify as a REIT. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Annual Distribution Requirements </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to the sum of:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">90% of our REIT taxable income; and</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; <U>minus</U></TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the excess of the sum of certain items of non-cash income over 5% of our REIT taxable income. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">For these purposes, our &#147;REIT taxable income&#148; is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain. In addition, for purposes of this test, non-cash income generally means income attributable to leveled stepped rents, original issue discount on purchase money debt, cancellation of indebtedness, or a like-kind exchange that is later determined to be taxable. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In addition, our REIT taxable income will be reduced by any taxes we are required to pay on any gain we recognize from the disposition of any asset we acquired from a corporation which was or had been a C corporation in a transaction in which our tax basis in the asset was less than the fair market value of the asset, in each case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset, within the five-year period </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">46</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

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<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">following our acquisition of such asset, as described above under &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;General.&#148; </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We generally must pay, or be treated as paying, the distributions described above in the taxable year to which they relate. At our election, a distribution will be treated as paid in a taxable year if it is declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration, provided such payment is made during the 12-month period following the close of such year. These distributions are treated as received by our stockholders in the year in which paid. This is so even though these distributions relate to the prior year for purposes of the 90% distribution
requirement. In order to be taken into account for purposes of our distribution requirement, unless we qualify as a &#147;publicly offered REIT,&#148; the amount distributed must not be preferential&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;<I>i.e.</I>, every stockholder of the class of stock to which a distribution is made must be treated the same as every other holder of that class, and no class of stock may be treated other than according to its distribution rights as a class. We believe that we are, and expect we will continue to be, a &#147;publicly offered REIT.&#148; To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain, or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we will be required to pay tax on the undistributed amount at regular corporate tax rates. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We believe that we have made, and we intend to continue to make, timely distributions sufficient to satisfy these annual distribution requirements and to minimize our corporate tax obligations. However, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses, and the inclusion of income and deduction of expenses in determining our taxable income. In addition, we may decide to retain our cash, rather than distribute it, in order to repay debt or for other reasons. If
these timing differences occur, we may borrow funds to pay dividends or pay dividends in the form of taxable share dividends in order to meet the distribution requirements, while preserving our cash. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Income Tests&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Phantom Income.&#148; </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Under certain circumstances, we may be able to rectify an inadvertent failure to meet the 90% distribution requirement for a year by paying &#147;deficiency dividends&#148; to our stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, subject to the 4% excise tax described below. However, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction claimed for deficiency dividends. While the payment of a deficiency dividend will apply to a prior year for
purposes of our REIT distribution requirements, it will be treated as an additional distribution to our stockholders in the year such dividend is paid. In addition, if a dividend we pay is treated as a preferential dividend, in lieu of treating the dividend as not counting toward satisfying the 90% distribution requirement, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, the IRS may provide a remedy to cure such failure if the IRS determines that such failure is (or is of a type that is) inadvertent or due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Furthermore, we will be required to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of 85% of our ordinary income for such year, 95% of our capital gain net income for the year and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods. Any ordinary income and net capital gain on which this excise tax is imposed for any year is treated as an amount distributed during that year for purposes of calculating such tax. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">For purposes of the 90% distribution requirement and excise tax described above, dividends declared during the last three months of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified date during such period and paid during January of the following year, will be treated as paid by us and received by our stockholders on December 31 of the year in which they are declared. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Failure to Qualify </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If we discover a violation of a provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT, certain specified cure provisions may be available to us. Except with respect to violations of the gross income tests and asset tests (for which the cure provisions are described above), and provided the violation is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, these cure provisions generally impose a $50,000 penalty for each violation in lieu of a loss of REIT status. If we fail to satisfy the requirements for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be required
to pay tax, including </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">47</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to our stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT will not be deductible by us, and we will not be required to distribute any amounts to our stockholders. As a result, we anticipate that our failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce the cash available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to our stockholders will be taxable as regular corporate dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event,
corporate stockholders may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. In addition, non-corporate stockholders, including individuals, may be eligible for the preferential tax rates on qualified dividend income. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would also be ineligible to elect to be treated as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year for which we lose our qualification. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to this statutory relief. </P>

<H2 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities </H2>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The following summary describes certain U.S. federal income tax consequences to you of acquiring, owning and disposing of our capital stock or debt securities. This summary assumes you hold our capital stock or debt securities as &#147;capital assets&#148; (generally, property held for investment within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code). It does not address all U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances. In addition, except where specifically noted, this discussion does not address the tax consequences relevant to persons subject to special rules,
including, without limitation:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">S corporations, partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein);</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">persons who hold or receive our capital stock pursuant to the exercise of any employee option or otherwise as compensation;</TD>

</TR>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;</TD>

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</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">regulated investment companies or REITs;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&#147;controlled foreign corporations,&#148; &#147;passive foreign investment companies,&#148; and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">brokers, dealers or traders in securities;</TD>

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</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">U.S. expatriates and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">persons holding our capital stock or debt securities as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction strategy or as part of a conversion transaction or other integrated investment;</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">persons deemed to sell our capital stock or debt securities under the constructive sale provisions of the Code; or</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">United States persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If you are considering acquiring our capital stock or debt securities, you should consult your tax advisor concerning the application of federal income tax laws to your particular situation as well as any consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our capital stock or debt securities arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction or under any applicable tax treaty. </P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">For purposes of this discussion, the term &#147;U.S. Holder&#148; means a holder of our capital stock or debt securities who, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a corporation, including an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof or in the District of Columbia;</TD>

</TR>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and the control of one or more United States persons or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If you are an individual, corporation, estate or trust that holds our capital stock or debt securities and you are not a U.S. Holder, you are a &#147;Non-U.S. Holder.&#148; </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our capital stock or debt securities, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Accordingly, partnerships holding our capital stock or debt securities and the partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Our Capital Stock </H3>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Distributions Generally </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as dividends and, other than with respect to capital gain dividends and certain amounts which have previously been subject to corporate level tax, as discussed below, will be taxable to our taxable U.S. Holders as ordinary income when actually or constructively received. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Tax Rates&#148; below. As long as we qualify as a REIT, these distributions will not be eligible for the
dividends-received deduction in the case of U.S. Holders that are corporations or, except to the extent described in &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp; Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Tax Rates&#148; below, the preferential rates on qualified dividend income applicable to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals. For purposes of determining whether distributions to holders of our capital stock are out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to our outstanding preferred stock, if any, and then to outstanding shares of our capital stock. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">To the extent that we make distributions on a class of our capital stock in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits allocable to such stock, these distributions will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to a U.S. Holder. This treatment will reduce the U.S. Holder&#146;s adjusted tax basis in such shares of stock by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and in excess of a U.S. Holder&#146;s adjusted tax basis in its shares will be taxable as capital gain. Such gain will be taxable as long-term capital gain if
the shares have been held for more than one year. Dividends we declare in October, November, or December of any year and which are payable to a holder of record on a specified date in any of these months will be treated as both paid by us and received by the holder on December 31 of that year, provided we actually pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following year. U.S. Holders may not include in their own income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">U.S. Holders that receive taxable stock dividends, including dividends partially payable in our capital stock and partially payable in cash, would be required to include the full amount of the dividend (<I>i.e.</I>, the cash and the share portion) as ordinary income (subject to limited exceptions) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as described above. The amount of any dividend payable in our capital stock generally is equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of our capital stock. Depending on the circumstances of a U.S. Holder, the
tax on the distribution may exceed the amount of the distribution received in cash, in which case such U.S. Holder would have to pay the </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">49</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">tax using cash from other sources. If a U.S. Holder sells our capital stock it received in connection with a taxable stock dividend in order to pay this tax and the proceeds of such sale are less than the amount required to be included in income with respect to the share portion of the dividend, such U.S. Holder could have a capital loss with respect to the share sale that could not be used to offset such dividend income. A U.S. Holder that receives our capital stock pursuant to a distribution generally has a tax basis in such capital stock equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of such capital stock
as described above, and has a holding period in such capital stock that begins on the day immediately following the payment date for the distribution. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Capital Gain Dividends </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Dividends that we properly designate as capital gain dividends will be taxable to our taxable U.S. Holders as a gain from the sale or disposition of a capital asset held for more than one year, to the extent that such gain does not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year and, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, may not exceed our dividends paid for the taxable year, including dividends paid the following year that are treated as paid in the current year. U.S. Holders that are corporations may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. If we
properly designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend, then, except as otherwise required by law, we presently intend to allocate a portion of the total capital gain dividends paid or made available to holders of all classes of our stock for the year to the holders of each class of our stock in proportion to the amount that our total dividends, as determined for federal income tax purposes, paid or made available to the holders of each such class of our stock for the year bears to the total dividends, as determined for federal income tax purposes, paid or made available to holders of all classes of our stock for the year. In addition, except as otherwise required by law, we will make a similar allocation with respect to any undistributed long term capital gains which are to be included in the long-term capital gains of our stockholders, based on the allocation of the capital gain amount which would have resulted if those undistributed long term capital gains had been
distributed as &#147;capital gain dividends&#148; by us to our stockholders. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Retention of Net Capital Gains </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may elect to retain, rather than distribute as a capital gain dividend, all or a portion of our net capital gains. If we make this election, we would pay tax on our retained net capital gains. In addition, to the extent we so elect, our earnings and profits (determined for federal income tax purposes) would be adjusted accordingly, and a U.S. Holder generally would:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">include its pro rata share of our undistributed net capital gains in computing its long-term capital gains in its return for its taxable year in which the last day of our taxable year falls, subject to certain limitations as to the amount that is includable;</TD>

</TR>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">be deemed to have paid its share of the capital gains tax imposed on us on the designated amounts included in the U.S. Holder&#146;s income as long-term capital gain;</TD>

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</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">receive a credit or refund for the amount of tax deemed paid by it;</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">increase the adjusted tax basis of our capital stock by the difference between the amount of includable gains and the tax deemed to have been paid by it; and</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in the case of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation, appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for the retained capital gains in accordance with Treasury regulations to be promulgated by the IRS. </TD>

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<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Passive Activity Losses and Investment Interest Limitations </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. Holder of our stock will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. Holders generally will not be able to apply any &#147;passive losses&#148; against this income or gain. A U.S. Holder may elect to treat capital gain dividends, capital gains from the disposition of our stock and income designated as qualified dividend income, described in &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Tax Rates&#148; below, as investment income
for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation, but in such case, the holder will be taxed at ordinary income rates on such amount. Other distributions we make, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation. </P>

</DIV>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Dispositions of Our Capital Stock </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If a U.S. Holder sells or disposes of our capital stock, it will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the sale or other disposition and the U.S. Holder&#146;s adjusted basis in our capital stock for tax purposes. This gain or loss, except as provided below, will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held such capital stock for more than one year. However, if a U.S. Holder recognizes a loss upon the sale or other disposition of our capital stock that it has held for six
months or less, after applying certain holding period rules, the loss recognized will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent the U.S. Holder received distributions from us which were required to be treated as long-term capital gains. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Taxation of Tax-Exempt Holders of Our Capital Stock </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Dividend income from our capital stock and gain arising upon a sale of our capital stock generally should not be unrelated business taxable income (&#147;UBTI&#148;), to a tax-exempt stockholder, except as described below. This income or gain will be UBTI, however, if a tax-exempt holder holds its shares as &#147;debt-financed property&#148; within the meaning of the Code or if we hold an asset that gives rise to &#147;excess inclusion income.&#148; See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;General&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Excess Inclusion Income.&#148;
Generally, &#147;debt-financed property&#148; is property the acquisition or holding of which was financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt holder. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">For tax-exempt holders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, or qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) or (c)(20) of the Code, respectively, income from an investment in our capital stock will constitute UBTI unless the organization is able to properly claim a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for specific purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our stock. These prospective investors should consult their tax advisors concerning these
&#147;set aside&#148; and reserve requirements. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a &#147;pension-held REIT&#148; may be treated as UBTI as to certain trusts that hold more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. A REIT will not be a &#147;pension-held REIT&#148; if it is able to satisfy the &#147;not closely held&#148; requirement without relying on the &#147;look-through&#148; exception with respect to certain trusts or if such REIT is not &#147;predominantly held&#148; by &#147;qualified trusts.&#148; As a result of restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock contained in our charter, we do not expect to be
classified as a &#147;pension-held REIT,&#148; and as a result, the tax treatment described above should be inapplicable to the holders of our capital stock. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Our Capital Stock </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The following discussion addresses the rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our capital stock by Non-U.S. Holders. These rules are complex, and no attempt is made herein to provide more than a brief summary of such rules. Accordingly, the discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation and does not address state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences that may be relevant to a Non-U.S. Holder in light of its particular circumstances. We urge Non-U.S. Holders to consult their tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state, local and non-U.S.
income tax laws and any applicable tax treaty on the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our capital stock, including any reporting requirements. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Distributions Generally </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Distributions (including any taxable stock dividends) that are neither attributable to gains from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests (&#147;USRPIs&#148;) nor designated by us as capital gain dividends (except as described below) will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such distributions ordinarily will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, unless the distributions are treated as effectively connected with
the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such dividends are attributable). Under certain treaties, however, lower withholding rates generally applicable to dividends do </P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">not apply to dividends from a REIT. In addition, any portion of the dividends paid to Non-U.S. Holders that are treated as excess inclusion income will not be eligible for exemption from the 30% withholding tax or a reduced treaty rate. See &#147;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Taxation of the Company&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;General&nbsp;&#151;&nbsp;Excess Inclusion Income.&#148; Certain certification and disclosure requirements must be satisfied for a Non-U.S. Holder to be exempt from withholding under the effectively connected income exemption. Dividends that are treated as effectively connected with
a U.S. trade or business (through a U.S. permanent establishment, where applicable) generally will not be subject to withholding but will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis at the regular graduated rates, in the same manner as dividends paid to U.S. Holders are subject to federal income tax. Any such dividends received by a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate (applicable after deducting federal income taxes paid on such effectively connected income) or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Except as otherwise provided below, we expect to withhold U.S. federal income tax at the rate of 30% on any distributions made to a Non-U.S. Holder unless:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a lower treaty rate applies and the Non-U.S. Holder files with us an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or applicable successor form) evidencing eligibility for that reduced treaty rate; or</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Non-U.S. Holder files an IRS Form W-8ECI (or applicable successor form) with us claiming that the distribution is income effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s trade or business. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a Non-U.S. Holder to the extent that such distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the holder&#146;s shares of our capital stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s adjusted basis in such shares, they will generally give rise to gain from the sale or exchange of such shares, the tax treatment of which is described below. However, recent legislation may cause such excess distributions to be treated as dividend income for certain
Non-U.S. Holders. For withholding purposes, we expect to treat all distributions as made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. However, amounts withheld may be refundable if it is subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, provided that certain conditions are met. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Capital Gain Dividends and Distributions Attributable to a Sale or Exchange of U.S. Real Property Interests </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Distributions to a Non-U.S. Holder that we properly designate as capital gain dividends, other than those arising from the disposition of a USRPI, generally should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, unless:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the investment in our capital stock is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such dividends are attributable), in which case the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. Holders with respect to such gain, except that a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation may also be subject to a branch profits tax of up to 30%, as discussed above; or</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met, in which case the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% on the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s capital gains (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty), which may be offset by U.S. source capital losses of such Non-U.S. Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided the Non-U.S. Holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Pursuant to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (FIRPTA) distributions to a Non-U.S. Holder that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of USRPIs, whether or not designated as capital gain dividends, will cause the Non-U.S. Holder to be treated as recognizing such gain as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Non-U.S. Holders would generally be taxed at the regular graduated rates applicable to U.S. Holders, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and a special </P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. We also will be required to withhold and to remit to the IRS 35% (or 20% to the extent provided in applicable Treasury regulations) of any distribution to Non-U.S. Holders attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of USRPIs. Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation. The amount withheld is creditable against the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s U.S. federal income tax liability. However, any distribution with respect to any class of stock that is &#147;regularly
traded&#148; on an established securities market, within the meaning of applicable Treasury regulations, located in the United States is not subject to FIRPTA, and therefore, not subject to the 35% U.S. withholding tax described above, if the Non-U.S. Holder did not own more than 10% of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution. Instead, such distributions generally will be treated as ordinary dividend distributions and subject to withholding in the manner described above with respect to ordinary dividends. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Retention of Net Capital Gains </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Although the law is not clear on the matter, it appears that amounts we designate as retained net capital gains in respect of our capital stock generally should be treated with respect to Non-U.S. Holders in the same manner as actual distributions of capital gain dividends. Under this approach, the Non-U.S. Holders may be able to offset as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability their proportionate share of the tax that we paid on such retained net capital gains and to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent their proportionate share of such tax that we paid exceeds their actual U.S. federal income tax
liability. If we were to designate any portion of our net capital gain as retained net capital gain, Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the taxation of such retained net capital gain. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Sale of Our Capital Stock </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Holder upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our capital stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless such shares constitute a USRPI. In general, shares of a domestic corporation that constitutes a &#147;U.S. real property holding corporation&#148; (a USRPHC) will constitute a USRPI unless certain exceptions apply. A domestic corporation will constitute a USRPHC if 50% or more of the corporation&#146;s assets on any of certain testing dates during a prescribed testing period consist of interests in real property located within the United States, excluding
for this purpose, interests in real property solely in a capacity as creditor. We do not believe we are currently, and do not anticipate becoming, a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends, however, on the fair market value of our USRPIs relative to the fair market value of our non-U.S. real property interests and our other business assets, there can be no assurance we currently are not a USRPHC or will not become one in the future. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Even if we are a USRPHC, shares of our capital stock will not constitute a USRPI if we are a &#147;domestically controlled qualified investment entity.&#148; A domestically controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT in which at all times during a five-year testing period less than 50% in value of its stock is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. persons, subject to certain rules. For purposes of determining whether a REIT is a &#147;domestically controlled qualified investment entity,&#148; a person who at all applicable times holds less than 5% of a class of stock that is &#147;regularly traded,&#148; as
defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, is treated as a U.S. person unless the REIT has actual knowledge that such person is not a U.S. person. Although we believe that we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, because our shares are publicly traded, we cannot make any assurance that we will remain a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">In addition, even if we are or were to become a USRPHC, gain arising from the sale or other taxable disposition by a Non-U.S. Holder of our capital stock would not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if our capital stock is &#147;regularly traded,&#148; as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, and such Non-U.S. Holder owned, actually and constructively, 10% or less of our capital stock throughout the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition or the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s holding period. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Moreover, dispositions of our capital stock by qualified shareholders are exempt from FIRPTA, except to the extent owners of such qualified shareholders that are not also qualified shareholders own, actually or constructively, more than 10% of our capital stock. To the extent a distribution with respect to our capital </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">53</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">stock is treated as a sale or exchange by a qualified shareholder, it may also be treated as a dividend. Furthermore, dispositions of our capital stock by &#147;qualified foreign pension funds&#148; or entities all of the interests of which are held by &#147;qualified foreign pension funds&#148; are exempt from FIRPTA. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Notwithstanding the foregoing, gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our capital stock not otherwise subject to FIRPTA will be taxable to a Non-U.S. Holder if either (a) the investment in our capital stock is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such gain is attributable), in which case the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. Holders with respect to such
gain, except that a Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign corporation may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such gain, as adjusted for certain items, or (b) the Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met, in which case the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to a 30% tax on the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s capital gains (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty), which may be offset by U.S. source capital losses of the Non-U.S. Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided the Non-U.S. Holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses. In addition, even if we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon disposition of our capital stock, a Non-U.S. Holder may be
treated as having gain from the sale or other taxable disposition of a USRPI if the Non-U.S. Holder (1) disposes of our capital stock within a 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI and (2) acquires, or enters into a contract or option to acquire, or is deemed to acquire, other shares during the 61-day period beginning with the first day of the 30-day period described in clause (1), unless such shares are &#147;regularly traded&#148; and the Non-U.S. Holder did not own more than 5% of the stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution described in clause (1). </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If gain on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our capital stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the Non-U.S. Holder would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and would be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax with respect to such gain in the same manner as a taxable U.S. Holder (subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals). In addition, if the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our capital stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA and if shares of our capital stock were not
&#147;regularly traded&#148; on an established securities market, the purchaser of such shares of our capital stock generally would be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 15% of the purchase price. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Taxation of Holders of Our Debt Securities </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The following summary describes certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of our debt securities. This discussion assumes the debt securities will be issued with no more than a <I>de minimis</I> amount of original issue discount for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, this discussion is limited to persons purchasing the debt securities for cash at original issue and at their original &#147;issue price&#148; within the meaning of Section 1273 of the Code (<I>i.e.</I>, the first price at which a substantial amount of the debt securities is sold to the public for cash).
</P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Debt Securities </H3>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Payments of Interest </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Interest on a debt security generally will be taxable to a U.S. Holder as ordinary income at the time such interest is received or accrued, in accordance with such U.S. Holder&#146;s method of tax accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Sale or Other Taxable Disposition </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">A U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a debt security. The amount of such gain or loss will equal the difference between the amount received for the debt security in cash or other property valued at fair market value (less amounts attributable </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">54</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">to any accrued but unpaid interest, which generally will be taxable as interest to the extent not previously included in income) and the U.S. Holder&#146;s adjusted tax basis in the debt security. A U.S. Holder&#146;s adjusted tax basis in a debt security generally will be equal to the amount the U.S. Holder paid for the debt security. Any gain or loss will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held the debt security for more than one year at the time of sale or other taxable disposition. Otherwise, such gain or loss will be short-term capital gain or loss. Long-term capital
gains recognized by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, generally will be taxable at a reduced rate. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Non-U.S. Holders of Our Debt Securities </H3>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Payments of Interest </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Interest paid on a debt security to a Non-U.S. Holder that is not effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s conduct of a trade or business within the United States will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding, provided that:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Non-U.S. Holder does not, actually or constructively, own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our voting stock;</TD>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Non-U.S. Holder is not a controlled foreign corporation with respect to which we are a &#147;related person&#148; within the meaning of Section 864(d)(4) of the Code; and</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">either (1) the Non-U.S. Holder certifies in a statement provided to the applicable withholding agent under penalties of perjury that it is not a United States person and provides its name and address; (2) a securities clearing organization, bank or other financial institution that holds customers&#146; securities in the ordinary course of its trade or business and holds the debt security on behalf of the Non-U.S. Holder certifies to the applicable withholding agent under penalties of perjury that it, or the financial institution between it and the Non-U.S. Holder, has received from the Non-U.S. Holder a statement under penalties of perjury that such holder is not a United States person and provides a copy of such statement to the applicable withholding agent; or (3) the Non-U.S. Holder holds its debt security directly through a &#147;qualified intermediary&#148; (within the meaning of applicable Treasury regulations) and certain conditions are
satisfied. </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If a Non-U.S. Holder does not satisfy the requirements above, such Non-U.S. Holder may be entitled to a reduction in or an exemption from withholding on such interest as a result of an applicable tax treaty. To claim such entitlement, the Non-U.S. Holder must provide the applicable withholding agent with a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable documentation) claiming a reduction in or exemption from withholding tax under the benefit of an income tax treaty between the United States and the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides or is established. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If interest paid to a Non-U.S. Holder is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such interest is attributable), the Non-U.S. Holder will be exempt from the U.S. federal withholding tax described above. To claim the exemption, the Non-U.S. Holder must furnish to the applicable withholding agent a valid IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that interest paid on a debt security is not subject to withholding tax because it is
effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business within the United States. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Any such effectively connected interest will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates. In addition, a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such effectively connected interest, as adjusted for certain items. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The certifications described above must be provided to the applicable withholding agent prior to the payment of interest and must be updated periodically. Non-U.S. Holders that do not timely provide the applicable withholding agent with the required certification, but that qualify for a reduced rate under an applicable income tax treaty, may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their entitlement to benefits under any applicable income tax treaty. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">55</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Sale or Other Taxable Disposition </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">A Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a debt security (such amount excludes any amount allocable to accrued and unpaid interest, which generally will be treated as interest and may be subject to the rules discussed above in &#147;&#151;&nbsp;Payments of Interest&#148;) unless:</P>

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such gain is attributable); or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the disposition and certain other requirements are met. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Gain described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates. A Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such effectively connected gain, as adjusted for certain items. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Holder described in the second bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty), which may be offset by United States source capital losses of the Non-U.S. Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided the Non-U.S. Holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Information Reporting and Backup Withholding </H3>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">U.S. Holders </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">A U.S. Holder may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding when such holder receives payments on our capital stock or a debt security or proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of our capital stock or a debt security. Certain U.S. Holders are exempt from backup withholding, including corporations and certain tax-exempt organizations. A U.S. Holder will be subject to backup withholding if such holder is not otherwise exempt and such holder:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">fails to furnish the holder&#146;s taxpayer identification number, which for an individual is ordinarily his or her social security number;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">furnishes an incorrect taxpayer identification number;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">is notified by the IRS that the holder previously failed to properly report payments of interest or dividends; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">fails to certify under penalties of perjury that the holder has furnished a correct taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified the holder that the holder is subject to backup withholding. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a U.S. Holder&#146;s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and the procedures for obtaining such an exemption. </P>

<H4 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Non-U.S. Holders </H4>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Payments of dividends or interest on our capital stock will not be subject to backup withholding, provided the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know the holder is a United States person and the holder either certifies its non-U.S. status, such as by furnishing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E or W-8ECI, or otherwise establishes an exemption. However, information returns are required to be filed with the IRS in connection with any dividends on our capital stock or interest paid to the Non-U.S. Holder, regardless of whether any tax was actually withheld. In addition, proceeds of the
sale or other taxable disposition of our capital stock or a debt security within the United States or conducted </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">56</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">through certain U.S.-related brokers generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting, if the applicable withholding agent receives the certification described above and does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a U.S. person, or the holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Proceeds of a disposition of our capital stock or a debt security conducted through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Copies of information returns that are filed with the IRS may also be made available under the provisions of an applicable treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides or is established. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a Non-U.S. Holder&#146;s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Tax Rates </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The maximum tax rate for non-corporate taxpayers for (1) long-term capital gains, including certain &#147;capital gain dividends,&#148; is generally 20% (although depending on the characteristics of the assets which produced these gains and on designations which we may make, certain capital gain dividends may be taxed at a 25% rate) and (2) &#147;qualified dividend income&#148; is generally 20%. In general, dividends payable by REITs are not eligible for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, except to the extent that certain holding period requirements have been met and the REIT&#146;s dividends are attributable
to dividends received from taxable corporations (such as its TRSs) or to income that was subject to tax at the corporate/REIT level (for example, if the REIT distributed taxable income that it retained and paid tax on in the prior taxable year). Capital gain dividends will only be eligible for the rate describe above to the extent they are properly designated by the REIT as &#147;capital gain dividends.&#148; In addition, U.S. Holders that are corporations may be required to treat up to 20% of some capital gain dividends as ordinary income. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Medicare Contribution Tax on Unearned Income </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Certain U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts are required to pay an additional 3.8% tax on, among other things, dividends on shares, interest on debt obligations and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of shares or debt obligations. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of our capital stock. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Additional Withholding Tax on Payments Made to Foreign Accounts </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Withholding taxes may be imposed under Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code (such Sections commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (&#147;FATCA&#148;)) on certain types of payments made to non-U.S. financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities. Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on dividends on our capital stock, interest on our debt securities, or gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our capital stock or debt securities paid to a &#147;foreign financial institution&#148; or a &#147;non-financial foreign entity&#148; (each as defined in the Code), unless (1) the
foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence and reporting obligations, (2) the non-financial foreign entity either certifies it does not have any &#147;substantial United States owners&#148; (as defined in the Code) or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial United States owner, or (3) the foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules. If the payee is a foreign financial institution and is subject to the diligence and reporting requirements in clause (1) above, it must enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury under which it undertakes, among other things, to identify accounts held by certain &#147;specified United States persons&#148; or &#147;United States-owned foreign entities&#148; (each as defined in the Code), annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on certain payments to non-compliant foreign financial institutions
and certain other account holders. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Under the applicable Treasury regulations and administrative guidance, withholding under FATCA generally applies to payments of dividends or interest and will apply to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our capital stock or debt securities on or after January 1, 2019. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">57</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of withholding under FATCA to their investment in our capital stock or debt securities. </P>

<H3 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 5pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Other Tax Consequences </H3>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">State, local and non-U.S. income tax laws may differ substantially from the corresponding federal income tax laws, and this discussion does not purport to describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state, local or non-U.S. jurisdiction, or any federal tax other than income tax. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the effect of state, local and non-U.S. tax laws with respect to our tax treatment as a REIT and on an investment in our capital stock.<B></B> </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">58</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tPD"></a>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may sell the securities offered pursuant to any applicable prospectus supplement directly to one or more purchasers or through dealers, agents, or underwriters, or a combination of the foregoing. We may sell the securities offered pursuant to any applicable prospectus supplement in at-the-market equity offerings or on a negotiated or competitive bid basis through underwriters or dealers or directly to other purchasers or through agents, or a combination of the foregoing. We will name any underwriter, dealer, or agent involved in the offer and sale of the securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. We reserve the
right to sell the securities directly to investors on our own behalf in those jurisdictions where and in such manner as we are authorized to do so. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">at prices related to prevailing market prices; or</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">at negotiated prices. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We may also, from time to time, authorize underwriters, dealers, or other persons, acting as our agents, to offer and sell the securities upon the terms and conditions as are set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters may be deemed to have received compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from purchasers of the securities for whom they may act as agent. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions, or
commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement any underwriting compensation we pay to underwriters or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions, or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers. Dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements with any underwriters, dealers, and agents which may entitle
them to indemnification against and contribution toward certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and to reimbursement for certain expenses. We will describe any indemnification agreements in the applicable prospectus supplement. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, any securities issued hereunder other than shares of our common stock will be a new issue with no established trading market. We may elect to list any of the securities issued hereunder on any exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters or agents may make a market in the securities issued hereunder, including our common stock, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. Therefore, we cannot assure you as to the liquidity of the trading market for the
securities. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may authorize underwriters, dealers, or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions or other suitable persons to purchase the securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in the prospectus supplement. We may make delayed delivery with various institutions, including commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, and educational and charitable institutions.
Delayed delivery contracts will be subject to the condition that the purchase of the securities covered by the delayed delivery contracts will not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States to which the purchaser is subject. The underwriters and agents will not have any responsibility with respect to the validity or performance of these contracts. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">59</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">To facilitate an offering of the securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than we sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover the over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding
for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Certain of the underwriters, dealers, or agents and their respective associates may be customers of, and/or engage in transactions with, and perform services for us in the ordinary course of business. </P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tVS"></a>VALIDITY OF THE SECURITIES </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The validity of certain securities will be passed upon for us by Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland. The validity of the debt securities and certain tax matters will be passed upon for us by Latham &amp; Watkins LLP. Certain matters relating to Delaware law regarding the validity of the trust preferred securities will be passed upon for us by Richards, Layton &amp; Finger, P.A. </P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tEX"></a>EXPERTS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so incorporated by reference in reliance on the reports of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">60</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tIC"></a>INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The SEC allows us to &#147;incorporate by reference&#148; the information we file with them which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents instead of having to repeat the information in this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. Any statement contained in a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement
contained in this prospectus modifies or replaces that statement. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We incorporate by reference our documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the &#147;Exchange Act&#148; in this prospectus, between the date of this prospectus and the termination of the offering of the securities described in this prospectus. We are not, however, incorporating by reference any documents or portions thereof, whether specifically listed below or filed in the future, that are not deemed &#147;filed&#148; with the SEC, including our Compensation Committee report and
performance graph or any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We incorporate by reference the following documents (SEC File No. 001-13759):</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2016;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016, which was filed with the SEC on May 9, 2016;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 4, 2016, January 28, 2016, February 9, 2016 (solely with respect to Items 2.05 and 5.02), March 25, 2016, and March 28, 2016 (solely with respect to Item 5.02);</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our Definitive Proxy Statement with respect to the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on March 28, 2016 (solely to the extent specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K);</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, which was filed with the SEC on January 7, 1998; and</TD>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 24px; text-align: left">&#149;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">all documents filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of the underlying securities (but excluding any items, documents, or portions of items or documents which are deemed &#147;furnished&#148; and not filed with the SEC). </TD>

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<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act. This prospectus does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. We have omitted certain parts of the registration statement, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. You may inspect and copy the registration statement, including exhibits, at the SEC&#146;s Public Reference Room or on our website at <I>http://www.redwoodtrust.com</I>. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Information contained on our website is not and should not be deemed a part of this prospectus or any other report or filing filed with the SEC. Our statements in this prospectus about the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete. You should refer to the copy of each contract or other document we have filed as an exhibit to the registration statement for complete information. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We will furnish without charge to you, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents. You should direct any requests for documents to: </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Redwood Trust, Inc.<BR> Attn: Investor Relations<BR> One Belvedere Place, Suite 300<BR> Mill Valley, CA 94941<BR> (866) 269-4976 </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">61</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><a name="tWY"></a>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC&#146;s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room. Our filings with the SEC are also available to the public at the SEC&#146;s website at <I>http://www.sec.gov</I>. You may also obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates by writing to the SEC&#146;s Public Reference Section at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Certain of our filings
with the SEC are available on our website at <I>http://www.redwoodtrust.com. </I>Information contained on our website is not and should not be deemed a part of this prospectus or any other report or filing filed with the SEC. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. The indenture and forms of other documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer
to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement at the SEC&#146;s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. or through the SEC&#146;s website, as provided above. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">62</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">PART II<BR> INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Item 14. <B><I>Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</B> </I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The following table itemizes the expenses incurred by the Registrant in connection with the issuance and registration of the securities being registered hereunder. All amounts shown are estimates except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="608" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="520"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD COLSPAN="3"><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="72"></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>SEC registration fee</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Printing and engraving expenses</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Legal fees and expenses</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Accounting fees and expenses</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Blue Sky fees and expenses</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Fees of rating agencies</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Trustee fees and expenses</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Transfer agent fees and expenses</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>NYSE listing fees</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: #cceeff">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Miscellaneous fees and expenses</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="background-color: white">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt; vertical-align: text-bottom" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Total</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 6px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left" ROWSPAN=1><!-- $ -->$</TD>

          <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1><sup>&#040;2&#041;</sup></TD>

          <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><!-- PERCENT -->&nbsp;</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE></DIV>


<P STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 1px"><IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 72px; height: 1pt"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(1)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Under SEC Rules 456(b) and 457(r), the SEC registration fee will be paid at the time of any particular offering of securities under the registration statement, and is therefore not currently determinable. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(2)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Item 15. <B><I>Indemnification of Directors and Officers</B><B>.</B> </I></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. The charter of the registrant contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The charter and bylaws of the registrant require it, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any present or former director or officer or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the registrant and at the request of the registrant, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, or trustee of another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or any other enterprise from and against any claim or liability to which such person may
become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her service in any such capacity. The bylaws of the registrant establish certain procedures for indemnification and advance of expenses pursuant to applicable law and the registrant's charter. The charter and bylaws also permit the registrant to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of the registrant in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of the registrant or a predecessor of the registrant. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which the registrant&#146;s charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to
be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property, or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-1</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

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<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation's receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she
has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct was not met. </P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-2</P>

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Item 16.<I> Exhibits</B> </I></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="608" STYLE="vertical-align: text-top; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="72"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="520"></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Exhibit <BR>Number</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Description</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.1&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Underwriting Agreement<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Registrant, effective July 6, 1994 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.1&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 10, 1994 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.1, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.2&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 11, 1995 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.2, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.3&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.3, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.4&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Certificate of Amendment of the Registrant, effective June 30, 1998 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.4, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.5&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective April 7, 2003 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.5, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.6&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective June 12, 2008 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.6, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.7&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 19, 2009 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2009)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.8&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 24, 2011 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 20, 2011)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.9&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 18, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2012)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.10</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2013)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as adopted on March 5, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on March 11, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2.1&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as adopted on May 17, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.2, filed on May 21, 2012)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-08363), Exhibit 4.3, filed on August 6, 1996)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Preferred Stock Certificate<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Debt Security<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Indenture, dated March 6, 2013, between Redwood Trust, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed March 6, 2013)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Warrant<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Warrant Agreement<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Certificate of Trust of Redwood Capital Trust II (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617), Exhibit 4.9, filed on August 6, 2010) </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE></DIV>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-3</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="608" STYLE="vertical-align: text-top; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="72"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="520"></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Exhibit <BR>Number</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Description</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.10</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Trust Agreement of Redwood Capital Trust II by and between Redwood Trust, Inc., as sponsor, and Wells Fargo Delaware Trust Company, N.A., as Delaware trustee (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617), Exhibit 4.10, filed on August 6, 2010)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.11</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Redwood Capital Trust II among Redwood Trust, Inc., as depositor, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as property trustee, Wells Fargo Delaware Trust Company, N.A., as Delaware trustee, and the Regular Trustees named therein, as regular trustees (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617), Exhibit 4.11, filed on August 6, 2010)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.12</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Trust Preferred Security of Redwood Capital Trust II (included in Exhibit 4.11)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.13</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Guarantee Agreement for Redwood Capital Trust II by and between Redwood Trust, Inc., as guarantor, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617), Exhibit 4.13, filed on August 6, 2010)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;5.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Opinion of Venable LLP</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;5.2</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Opinion of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;5.3</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Opinion of Richards, Layton &amp; Finger, P.A.</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;8.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Opinion of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>12.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Grant Thornton LLP</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.2</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Venable LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.3</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.2)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.4</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Richards, Layton &amp; Finger, P.A. (contained in Exhibit 5.3)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.5</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP (contained in Exhibit 8.1)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>24.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Power of Attorney (included on signature page to this Registration Statement)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>25.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE></DIV>


<P STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 1px"><IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 72px; height: 1pt"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(1)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of the securities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Item 17. Undertakings</B> </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(a)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(1)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(i)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(ii)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#147;Calculation of Registration Fee&#148; table in the effective registration statement; and </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-4</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(iii)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 44px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><I>provided, however</I>, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form F-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement. </P>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(2)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(3)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(4)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(i)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(ii)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 21px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(5)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(i)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(ii)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-5</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(iii)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 41px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(iv)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(b)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant&#146;s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#146;s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(c)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes, if the securities are to be offered to existing security holders pursuant to warrants or rights and any securities not taken by security holders are to be reoffered to the public, to supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set forth the results of the subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any public offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such offering. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(d)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes, if the securities are to be offered at competitive bidding, (1) to use its best efforts to distribute prior to the opening of bids, to prospective bidders, underwriters, and dealers, a reasonable number of copies of a prospectus which at that time meets the requirements of section 10(a) of the Act, and relating to the securities offered at competitive bidding, as contained in the registration statement, together with any supplements thereto, and (2) to file an amendment to the registration statement reflecting the results of bidding, the terms of the reoffering and related matters to the extent required by the applicable form, not later than the first use, authorized by the issuer after the opening of bids, of a prospectus relating to the securities offered at competitive bidding, unless no further public offering of such securities by the issuer and no reoffering of such securities by the
purchasers is proposed to be made. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(e)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act (&#147;Act&#148;) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)(2) of the Act. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

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<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(f)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-6</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

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<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">SIGNATURES </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, Redwood Trust, Inc. certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Mill Valley, State of California, on this 10<sup>th</sup> day of May, 2016. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 224px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">REDWOOD TRUST, INC. </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 221px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">By:</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Martin S. Hughes</FONT><BR><IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Name:</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Martin S. Hughes</FONT><BR> Title: Chief Executive Officer </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, Redwood Capital Trust II certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Mill Valley, State of California, on this 10<sup>th</sup> day of May, 2016. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 224px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">REDWOOD CAPITAL TRUST II </P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD STYLE="width: 221px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">By:</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Redwood Trust, Inc.,<BR> as Sponsor </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="text-indent:0px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR STYLE="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 12pt; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top; text-align: left">

          <TD STYLE="width: 221px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">By:</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Martin S. Hughes</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR>Name: <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Martin S. Hughes</FONT><BR> Title: Chief Executive Officer </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-7</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B> </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Martin S. Hughes, Christopher J. Abate, and each or either of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments or any abbreviated registration statement and any amendments thereto filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) increasing the number of securities for which registration is sought) to this Registration Statement,
and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:20px; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated: </P>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="608" STYLE="vertical-align: text-top; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="232"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="240"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="104"></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Signature</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Title</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Date</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Martin S. Hughes</FONT><BR><IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Martin S. Hughes</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Christopher J. Abate</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Christopher J. Abate</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President (Principal Financial Officer)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Collin L. Cochrane</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Collin L. Cochrane</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Managing Director and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Richard D. Baum</FONT><BR><IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Richard D. Baum</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director, Chairman of the Board</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Douglas B. Hansen</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Douglas B. Hansen</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director, Vice-Chairman of the Board</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Mariann Byerwalter</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Mariann Byerwalter</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Debora D. Horvath</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Debora D. Horvath</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Greg H. Kubicek</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Greg H. Kubicek</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Karen R. Pallotta</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Karen R. Pallotta</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Jeffrey T. Pero</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Jeffrey T. Pero</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>/s/ <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Georganne C. Proctor</FONT><BR> <IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Georganne C. Proctor</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0pt; text-indent: -0pt" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;<BR><IMG SRC="line.gif" STYLE="width: 100%; height: 1pt"><BR><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Charles J. Toeniskoetter</FONT></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: left">Director</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: center">May 10, 2016</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE></DIV>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-8</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

<DIV STYLE="width: 708px; border-top: 1pt white solid; border-bottom: 1pt white solid; border-right: 1pt white solid; border-left: 1pt white solid; padding-top: 9pt; padding-bottom: 9pt; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left:6pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:6pt" ALIGN="CENTER">

<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<H1 STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; padding-top: 9pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">EXHIBIT INDEX </H1>

<P STYLE="text-indent:0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 4px; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="608" STYLE="vertical-align: text-top; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

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          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="56"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="536"></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Exhibit<BR> Number</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Description</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;1.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Underwriting Agreement<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Registrant, effective July 6, 1994 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 10, 1994 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.1, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.2</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 11, 1995 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.2, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.3</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.3, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.4</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Certificate of Amendment of the Registrant, effective June 30, 1998 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.4, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.5</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective April 7, 2003 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.5, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.6</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective June 12, 2008 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.6, filed on August 6, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.7</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 19, 2009 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2009)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.8</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 24, 2011 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 20, 2011)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.9</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 18, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2012)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1.10</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2013)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.2&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as adopted on March 5, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on March 11, 2008)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as adopted on May 17, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.2, filed on May 21, 2012)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.3</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-08363), Exhibit 4.3, filed on August 6, 1996)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.4</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Preferred Stock Certificate<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.5</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Debt Security<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.6</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Indenture, dated March 6, 2013, between Redwood Trust, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed March 6, 2013)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.7</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Warrant<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.8</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Warrant Agreement<sup>&#040;1&#041;</sup></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;4.9</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Certificate of Trust of Redwood Capital Trust II (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617), Exhibit 4.9, filed on August 6, 2010)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.10</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Trust Agreement of Redwood Capital Trust II by and between Redwood Trust, Inc., as sponsor, and Wells Fargo Delaware Trust Company, N.A., as Delaware trustee (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617), Exhibit 4.10, filed on August 6, 2010) </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE></DIV>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-9</P>

<HR align="left" STYLE="width: 708px; height: 2px; text-align: center">

<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always">&nbsp;</div>

<div id="HDR">&nbsp;</div>

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<P STYLE="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold"><a href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a></P>

<DIV style="text-align: center"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="608" STYLE="vertical-align: text-top; text-indent:0px; text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; padding-top: 3pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: -15pt; *margin-top: -20pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">

<TR>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="56"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none"><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD><IMG HEIGHT="1" SRC="spacer.gif" WIDTH="536"></TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Exhibit<BR> Number</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD STYLE="line-height: normal; vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: bold; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1pt solid black" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>Description</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.11</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Redwood Capital Trust II among Redwood Trust, Inc., as depositor, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as property trustee, Wells Fargo Delaware Trust Company, N.A., as Delaware trustee, and the Regular Trustees named therein, as regular trustees (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617), Exhibit 4.11, filed on August 6, 2010)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.12</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Trust Preferred Security of Redwood Capital Trust II (included in Exhibit 4.11)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.13</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Form of Guarantee Agreement for Redwood Capital Trust II by and between Redwood Trust, Inc., as guarantor, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617), Exhibit 4.13, filed on August 6, 2010)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;5.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Opinion of Venable LLP</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;5.2</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Opinion of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;5.3</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Opinion of Richards, Layton &amp; Finger, P.A.</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>&nbsp;8.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Opinion of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>12.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Grant Thornton LLP</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.2</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Venable LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.3</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.2)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.4</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Richards, Layton &amp; Finger, P.A. (contained in Exhibit 5.3)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>23.5</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Consent of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP (contained in Exhibit 8.1)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>24.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Power of Attorney (included on signature page to this Registration Statement)</TD>

</TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">

          <TD STYLE="text-align: center" ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1>25.1</TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 12px; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: none" ROWSPAN=1><!-- GUTTER -->&nbsp;</TD>

          <TD ROWSPAN=1 COLSPAN=1 STYLE="text-align: jLeFT">Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1</TD>

</TR>

</TABLE></DIV>


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          <TD STYLE="width: 1px"></TD>

          <TD STYLE="width: 20px; text-align: left">(1)</TD>

          <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of the securities. </TD>

</TR>

</TABLE>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="width: 708px; text-indent:0px; text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; text-decoration: none; padding-top: 12pt; padding-right: 0pt; padding-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">II-10</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>v439334_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[LETTERHEAD OF VENABLE LLP]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">May 10, 2016</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Suite 300</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">One Belvedere Place</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Mill Valley, California 94941</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">Re:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><U>Registration Statement on Form S-3</U></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">We have served as Maryland counsel to Redwood
Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the &quot;Company&quot;), in connection with certain matters of Maryland law relating to the
registration by the Company of: (a)&nbsp;debt securities of the Company (the &quot;Debt Securities&quot;); (b)&nbsp;shares of common
stock (the &quot;Common Shares&quot;) of the Company, $0.01 par value per share (&quot;Common Stock&quot;); (c)&nbsp;shares of
preferred stock (the &quot;Preferred Shares&quot;) of the Company, $0.01 par value per share (&quot;Preferred Stock&quot;); (d)
warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock (the &quot;Warrants&quot;); (e) rights (the &quot;Rights&quot;)
to purchase other Securities (as defined herein) and (f) units comprised of two or more of the foregoing Securities (the &quot;Units&quot;
and, together with the Debt Securities, Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Warrants and Rights, the &quot;Securities&quot;), covered
by the above-referenced Registration Statement (the &quot;Registration Statement&quot;), filed by the Company and the co-registrant
named therein with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the &quot;Commission&quot;) under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the &quot;1933 Act&quot;), on or about the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">In connection with our representation of the
Company, and as a basis for the opinion hereinafter set forth, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified
to our satisfaction, of the following documents (hereinafter collectively referred to as the &quot;Documents&quot;):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Registration Statement and the related form of prospectus included therein, substantially in the form to be transmitted to the
Commission under the 1933 Act;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
charter of the Company (the &quot;Charter&quot;), certified by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (the
&quot;SDAT&quot;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended (the &quot;Bylaws&quot;), certified as of the date hereof by an officer
of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Resolutions
adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company (the &quot;Board of Directors&quot;), relating to, among other items, the approval
of the filing of the Registration Statement, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
certificate of the SDAT as to the good standing of the Company, dated as of a recent date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 10, 2016</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
certificate executed by an officer of the Company, dated as of the date hereof; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Such
other documents and matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to express the opinion set forth below, subject to the assumptions,
limitations and qualifications stated herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">In expressing the opinion set forth below,
we have assumed the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each
individual executing any of the Documents, whether on behalf of such individual or another person, is legally competent to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each
individual executing any of the Documents on behalf of a party (other than the Company) is duly authorized to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each
of the parties (other than the Company) executing any of the Documents has duly and validly executed and delivered each of the
Documents to which such party is a signatory, and such party&rsquo;s obligations set forth therein are legal, valid and binding
and are enforceable in accordance with all stated terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All
Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic. The form and content of all Documents submitted to us as unexecuted drafts
do not differ in any respect relevant to this opinion from the form and content of such Documents as executed and delivered. All
Documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original documents. All signatures on all Documents
are genuine. All public records reviewed or relied upon by us or on our behalf are true and complete. All representations, warranties,
statements and information contained in the Documents are true and complete. There has been no oral or written modification of
or amendment to any of the Documents, and there has been no waiver of any provision of any of the Documents, by action or omission
of the parties or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
issuance, and certain terms, of the Securities to be issued by the Company from time to time will be authorized and approved by
the Board of Directors, or a duly authorized committee thereof, in accordance with the Maryland General Corporation Law, the Charter
and the Bylaws and, with respect to Preferred Shares, Articles Supplementary setting forth the number of shares and the terms of
any class or series of Preferred Shares (the &quot;Articles Supplementary&quot;) to be issued by the Company will be filed with
and accepted for record by the SDAT prior to their issuance (such approvals and, if applicable, acceptance for record, referred
to herein as the &quot;Corporate Proceedings&quot;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 10, 2016</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 3</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the issuance of any Common Shares, including any Common Shares which may be issued upon conversion or exercise of any Securities
that are convertible into or exercisable for Common Shares, the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding will
not exceed the total number of shares of Common Stock that the Company is then authorized to issue under the Charter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the issuance of any Preferred Shares, including Preferred Shares which may be issued upon conversion or exercise of any other Securities
convertible into or exercisable for Preferred Shares, the total number of shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, and
the total number of issued and outstanding shares of the applicable class or series of Preferred Stock designated pursuant to the
Charter, will not exceed, respectively, the total number of shares of Preferred Stock or the number of shares of such class or
series of Preferred Stock that the Company is then authorized to issue under the Charter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;None
of the Securities will be issued in violation of the restrictions on ownership and transfer set forth in Article XI of the Charter
or any comparable provision in the Articles Supplementary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the
assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein, it is our opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company is a corporation duly incorporated and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Maryland and is in good
standing with the SDAT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Debt Securities, the issuance of the Debt Securities will be duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Common Shares, the issuance of the Common Shares will be duly authorized
and, when and if issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the Registration Statement and the Corporate
Proceedings, the Common Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Preferred Shares, the issuance of the Preferred Shares will be duly
authorized and, when and if issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the Registration Statement and the
Corporate Proceedings, the Preferred Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Warrants, the issuance of the Warrants will be duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 10, 2016</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 4</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Rights, the issuance of the Rights will be duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Units, the issuance of the Units will be duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">The foregoing opinion is limited to the laws
of the State of Maryland and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other law. We express no opinion as to the applicability
or effect of federal or state securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of Maryland, or as to federal or state
laws regarding fraudulent transfers. To the extent that any matter as to which our opinion is expressed herein would be governed
by the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Maryland, we do not express any opinion on such matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">The opinion expressed herein is limited to
the matters specifically set forth herein and no other opinion shall be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We assume
no obligation to supplement this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact
that might change the opinion expressed herein after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">This opinion is being furnished to you for
submission to the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an
exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of the name of our firm therein. In giving this consent, we do not admit that
we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the 1933 Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>/s/ Venable LLP</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>v439334_ex5-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 5.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">650 Town Center Drive, 20th Floor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">Costa Mesa, California 92626-1925</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">Tel: +1.714.540.1235 Fax: +1.714.755.8290</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">www.lw.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">FIRM / AFFILIATE OFFICES</P>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td rowspan="2" style="width: 50%">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tlogo-ex5_2a.jpg" ALT=""></td>
    <td style="width: 25%">Barcelona</td>
    <td style="width: 25%">Moscow</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>Beijing</td>
    <td>Munich</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Boston</td>
    <td>New Jersey</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Brussels</td>
    <td>New York</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Century City</td>
    <td>Orange County</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Chicago</td>
    <td>Paris</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Dubai</td>
    <td>Riyadh</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>D&uuml;sseldorf</td>
    <td>Rome</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Frankfurt</td>
    <td>San Diego</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Hamburg</td>
    <td>San Francisco</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Hong Kong</td>
    <td>Shanghai</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>May 10, 2016</td>
    <td>Houston</td>
    <td>Silicon Valley</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>London</td>
    <td>Singapore</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>Redwood Trust, Inc.</td>
    <td>Los Angeles</td>
    <td>Tokyo</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>One Belvedere Place, Suite 300</td>
    <td>Madrid</td>
    <td>Washington, D.C.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>Mill Valley, CA 94941</td>
    <td>Milan</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
</table>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">Re:</TD><TD><U>Registration Statement on Form S-3</U></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as special counsel to Redwood
Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), in connection with the filing on May 10, 2016 with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&rdquo;) by the Company and Redwood Capital Trust II,
a Delaware statutory trust (the &ldquo;<B><I>Delaware Trust</I></B>&rdquo;), of a registration statement on Form S-3 (the &ldquo;<B><I>Registration</I></B>
<B><I>Statement</I></B>&rdquo;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities Act</I></B>&rdquo;),
pertaining to the registration of the issuance and sale by the Company from time to time of one or more series of debt securities
of the Company, which may consist of debentures, notes or other types of debt and which may be exchangeable for or convertible
into shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities (the &ldquo;<B><I>Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) to be issued
pursuant to the Indenture, dated as of March 6, 2013, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee,
and one or more board resolutions, supplements thereto or officer&rsquo;s certificates thereunder (such indenture, together with
the applicable board resolution, supplement or officer&rsquo;s certificate pertaining to the applicable series of Debt Securities,
the &ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;). The Debt Securities shall include any additional amounts of such securities registered
by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act in connection with the offering contemplated by the Registration
Statement. This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities
Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement, the base prospectus
(the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;) or any supplements to the Prospectus (each, a &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus Supplement</I></B>&rdquo;)
or related prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Debt Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>May 10, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Page 2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tlogo-ex5_2b.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As such counsel, we have examined such
matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent, we
have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having
independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to the internal laws of the State of New York, and we
express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any other jurisdiction or
as to any matters of municipal law or the laws of any local agencies within any state. Various matters concerning the
validity of the securities and the laws of the State of Maryland are addressed in the opinion of Venable LLP, Maryland
counsel for the Company; and various matters concerning the laws of the State of Delaware regarding the validity of the trust
preferred securities are addressed in the opinion of Richards, Layton &amp; Finger, P.A., Delaware counsel for the Delaware
Trust,
each of which have been separately provided to you. We express no opinion with respect to those matters herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the foregoing and the other matters
set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof, when the specific terms of a particular series of Debt Securities
have been duly established in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and authorized by all necessary corporate action of the
Company, and such Debt Securities have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance
with the Indenture and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and applicable Prospectus Supplement(s)
and by such corporate action, such Debt Securities will be the legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Our opinions are subject to: (i) the effect
of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, preference, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting
the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding in equity
or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief), concepts of materiality, reasonableness,
good faith and fair dealing, and the discretion of the court before which a proceeding is brought; (iii) the invalidity under certain
circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of or contribution to a party with respect
to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; and (iv) we express no opinion as to (a)
any provision for liquidated damages, default interest, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums or other economic
remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty, (b) consents to, or restrictions upon, governing law,
jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies or judicial relief, (c) waivers of rights or defenses, including the waiver set forth
in Section 4.04 of the Indenture, (d) any provision requiring the payment of attorneys&rsquo; fees, where such payment is contrary
to law or public policy, (e) any provision permitting, upon acceleration of any Debt Securities, collection of that portion of
the stated principal amount thereof which might be determined to constitute unearned interest thereon, (f) the creation, validity,
attachment, perfection, or priority of any lien or security interest, (g) advance waivers of claims, defenses, rights granted by
law, or notice, opportunity for hearing, evidentiary requirements, statutes of limitation, trial by jury or at law, or other procedural
rights, (h)&nbsp;waivers of broadly or vaguely stated rights, (i) provisions for exclusivity, election or cumulation of rights
or remedies, (j) provisions authorizing or validating conclusive or discretionary determinations, (k) grants of setoff rights,
(l) proxies, powers and trusts, (m)&nbsp;provisions prohibiting, restricting, or requiring consent to assignment or transfer of
any right or property, (n) provisions purporting to make a guarantor primarily liable rather than as a surety, (o) provisions purporting
to waive modifications of any guaranteed obligation to the extent such modification constitutes a novation, (p) any provision to
the extent it requires that a claim with respect to a security denominated in other than U.S. dollars (or a judgment in respect
of such a claim) be converted into U.S. dollars at a rate of exchange at a particular date, to the extent applicable law otherwise
provides, and (q) the severability, if invalid, of provisions to the foregoing effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>May 10, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Page 3</B></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tlogo-ex5_2b.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">With your consent, we have assumed (i) that
each of the Debt Securities and the Indenture (collectively, the &ldquo;<B><I>Documents</I></B>&rdquo;) have been or will be duly authorized,
executed and delivered by the parties thereto other than the Company, (ii) that each of the Documents constitute or will constitute legally valid
and binding obligations of the parties thereto other than the Company, enforceable against each of them in accordance with their
respective terms, and (iii) that the status of each of the Documents as legally valid and binding obligations of the parties will
not be affected by any (a) breaches of, or defaults under, agreements or instruments, (b) violations of statutes, rules, regulations
or court or governmental orders, or (c) failures to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or to make required
registrations, declarations or filings with, governmental authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is for your benefit in connection
with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable
provisions of the Securities Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the
reference to our firm contained in the Prospectus under the heading &ldquo;Validity of the Securities.&rdquo; We further consent
to the incorporation by reference of this letter and consent into any registration statement or post-effective amendment to the
Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) with respect to the Debt Securities. In giving such consent, we do not thereby
admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations
of the Commission thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 50%">Very truly yours,</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td><b>/s/ Latham &amp; Watkins LLP</b></td></tr>
</table>
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<TYPE>EX-5.3
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<FILENAME>v439334_ex5-3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.3
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 5.3</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[Letterhead of Richards, Layton &amp; Finger,
P.A.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">May 10, 2016</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Capital Trust II</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">c/o Redwood Trust, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">One Belvedere Place, Suite 300</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Mill Valley, California 94941</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">Re:</TD><TD><U>Redwood Capital Trust II</U></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as special
Delaware counsel to Redwood Capital Trust II (the &quot;Trust&quot;), a Delaware statutory trust, in connection with the matters
set forth herein. At your request, this opinion is being furnished to you.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of giving
the opinions hereinafter set forth, our examination of documents has been limited to the examination of originals or copies of
the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Certificate of Trust of the Trust, as filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the &quot;Secretary
of State&quot;) on July 29, 2010 (the &quot;Certificate&quot;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Trust Agreement, dated as of July 29, 2010, between Redwood Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation, as sponsor (the &quot;Company&quot;)
and Wells Fargo Delaware Trust Company, N.A., a national banking association, as Delaware trustee;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Registration Statement on Form S-3, including a prospectus (the &quot;Prospectus&quot;), relating to the Trust Preferred Securities
of the Trust representing preferred undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust (each, a &quot;Trust Preferred Security&quot;
and collectively, the &quot;Trust Preferred Securities&quot;), as filed by the Company and the Trust with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) on or about the date hereof (the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
form of Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of the Trust (the &quot;Trust Agreement&quot;), among the Company and the trustees
of the Trust named therein, attached as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-168617) filed by the Company
and the Trust with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) on August 6, 2010; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Capital Trust II</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 10, 2016</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Certificate
of Good Standing for the Trust, dated the date hereof, obtained from the Secretary of State.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Capitalized terms used
herein and not otherwise defined are used as defined in the Trust Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this
opinion, we have not reviewed any documents other than the documents listed in paragraphs (a) through (e) above. In particular,
we have not reviewed any document (other than the documents listed in paragraphs (a) through (e) above) that is referred to in
or incorporated by reference into the documents reviewed by us. We have assumed that there exists no provision in any document
that we have not reviewed that is inconsistent with the opinions stated herein. We have conducted no independent factual investigation
of our own but rather have relied solely upon the foregoing documents, the statements and information set forth therein and the
additional matters recited or assumed herein, all of which we have assumed to be true, complete and accurate in all material respects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">With respect to all
documents examined by us, we have assumed (i) the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as authentic originals, (ii) the
conformity with the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies or forms, and (iii) the genuineness of all signatures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this
opinion, we have assumed (i) that the Trust Agreement and the Certificate are in full force and effect and have not been amended,
(ii) except to the extent provided in paragraph 1 below, the due creation or due organization or due formation, as the case may
be, and valid existence in good standing of each party to the documents examined by us under the laws of the jurisdiction governing
its creation, organization or formation, (iii) the legal capacity of each natural person who is a party to the documents examined
by us, (iv) that each of the parties to the documents examined by us has the power and authority to execute and deliver, and to
perform its obligations under, such documents and that each party has complied with all of the obligations and satisfied all of
the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied pursuant to the documents examined by us, (v) the due authorization, execution
and delivery by all parties thereto of all documents examined by us, (vi) the receipt by each Person to whom a Trust Preferred
Security is to be issued by the Trust (collectively, the &quot;Preferred Security Holders&quot;) of an interest in the Trust Preferred
Securities Certificate for such Trust Preferred Security and the payment for the interest in the Trust Preferred Security acquired
by it, in accordance with the Trust Agreement, and (vii) that the Trust Preferred Securities are issued and sold in accordance
with the Trust Agreement. We have not participated in the preparation of the Registration Statement and assume no responsibility
for its contents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is limited
to the laws of the State of Delaware (excluding the securities laws and blue sky laws of the State of Delaware), and we have not
considered and express no opinion on the laws of any other jurisdiction, including federal laws and rules and regulations relating
thereto. Our opinions are rendered only with respect to Delaware laws and rules, regulations and orders thereunder that are currently
in effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Capital Trust II</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 10, 2016</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 3</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Based upon the foregoing,
and upon our examination of such questions of law and statutes of the State of Delaware as we have considered necessary or appropriate,
and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and exceptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Trust has been duly created and is validly existing in good standing as a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act
(12 Del. C. &sect; 3801, et seq.).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Trust Preferred Securities will represent valid and, subject to the qualifications set forth in paragraph 3 below, fully paid and
nonassessable undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Preferred Security Holders, as beneficial owners of the Trust, will be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended
to stockholders of private corporations for profit organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. We note
that the Preferred Security Holders may be obligated to make payments as set forth in the Trust Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We consent to the filing
of this opinion with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and consent to the use
of our name under the heading &quot;Validity of the Securities&quot; therein. In giving the foregoing consents, we do not thereby
admit that we come within the category of Persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder. Except as stated above, without our prior written
consent, this opinion may not be furnished or quoted to, or relied upon by, any other Person for any purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>/s/ Richards, Layton &amp; Finger, P.A.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-8.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>v439334_ex8-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 8.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 8.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-align: left">355 South Grand Avenue</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-align: left">Los Angeles, California 90071-1560</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-align: left">Tel: +1.213.485.1234 Fax: +1.213.891.8763</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-align: left">www.lw.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-align: left">FIRM / AFFILIATE OFFICES</P>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td rowspan="2" style="width: 50%"><IMG SRC="tlogoex8a.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 25%">Barcelona</td>
    <td style="width: 25%">Moscow</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>Beijing</td>
    <td>Munich</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Boston</td>
    <td>New Jersey</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Brussels</td>
    <td>New York</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Century City</td>
    <td>Orange County</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Chicago</td>
    <td>Paris</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Dubai</td>
    <td>Riyadh</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>D&uuml;sseldorf</td>
    <td>Rome</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Frankfurt</td>
    <td>San Diego</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Hamburg</td>
    <td>San Francisco</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>Hong Kong</td>
    <td>Shanghai</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>May 10, 2016</td>
    <td>Houston</td>
    <td>Silicon Valley</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>London</td>
    <td>Singapore</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>Redwood Trust, Inc.</td>
    <td>Los Angeles</td>
    <td>Tokyo</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>One Belvedere Place, Suite 300</td>
    <td>Madrid</td>
    <td>Washington, D.C.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>Mill Valley, California 94941</td>
    <td>Milan</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
</table>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">Re:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><U>Redwood Trust, Inc.</U></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as special
tax counsel to Redwood Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (&ldquo;<B><I>RWT</I></B>&rdquo;), in connection with the filing of
a registration statement on Form S-3 dated May 10, 2016 (such registration statement, together with all exhibits thereto and the
documents incorporated by reference therein, including the prospectus included therein, the &ldquo;<B><I>Registration Statement</I></B>&rdquo;)
by RWT with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&rdquo;) under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Act</I></B>&rdquo;), relating to the registration of the securities set forth in the prospectus contained
in the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You have requested
our opinion concerning certain of the federal income tax considerations relating to RWT, including with respect to its election
to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (&ldquo;<B><I>REIT</I></B>&rdquo;). This opinion is based on certain assumptions
and factual representations concerning the business, assets and governing documents of RWT and its subsidiaries as set forth in
the Registration Statement. We have also been furnished with, and with your consent have relied upon, certain representations made
by RWT and its subsidiaries with respect to certain factual matters through a certificate of an officer of RWT, dated as of the
date hereof (the &ldquo;<B><I>Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><B>May 10, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0"><B>Page 2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tlogoex8b.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In our capacity as
tax counsel to RWT, we have made such legal and factual examinations and inquiries, including an examination of originals or copies
certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction of such documents, corporate records and other instruments as we have deemed
necessary or appropriate for purposes of this opinion. For purposes of our opinion, we have not made an independent investigation
or audit of the facts set forth in the above referenced documents or in the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate. In particular,
we note that RWT may engage in transactions in connection with which we have not provided legal advice, and have not reviewed,
and of which we may be unaware. Consequently, we have relied on your representation that the facts, statements, representations,
and covenants presented in the above referenced documents and the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or otherwise furnished to us, accurately
and completely describe all material facts relevant to our opinion. In addition, in rendering this opinion we have assumed the
truth and accuracy of all representations and statements made to us which are qualified as to knowledge or belief, without regard
to such qualification. In our examination, we have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the
genuineness of all signatures thereon, the legal capacity of natural persons executing such documents and the conformity to authentic
original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are opining herein
only as to the federal income tax laws of the United States, and we express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto,
or the effect thereon, of other federal laws, the laws of any state or other jurisdiction or as to any matters of municipal law
or the laws of any other local agencies within any state.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Based on such facts
and subject to the qualifications, representations, assumptions and limitations set forth herein and in the Registration Statement,
it is our opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Commencing with RWT&rsquo;s taxable year ended December 31, 2011, RWT has been organized and has
operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Code</I></B>&rdquo;), and its proposed method of operation will enable RWT to meet the requirements
for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The statements set forth in the Registration Statement under the caption &ldquo;Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Considerations,&rdquo; insofar as they purport to describe or summarize certain provisions of the statutes or regulations
referred to therein, are accurate descriptions or summaries in all material respects.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No opinion is expressed
as to any matter not discussed herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is rendered
to you as of the date of this letter, and we undertake no obligation to update this opinion subsequent to the date hereof. This
opinion is based on various statutory provisions, regulations promulgated thereunder and interpretations thereof by the Internal
Revenue Service and the courts having jurisdiction over such matters, all of which are subject to change either prospectively or
retroactively. Any such change may affect the conclusions stated herein. Also, any variation or difference in the facts from those
set forth in the Registration Statement or the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate may affect the conclusions stated herein. In addition,
RWT&rsquo;s qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon RWT&rsquo;s ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed
under the Code, including through actual annual operating results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of stock
ownership, the results of which have not been and will not be reviewed by Latham &amp; Watkins LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can
be given that the actual results of RWT&rsquo;s operation for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><B>May 10, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0"><B>Page 3</B></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><IMG SRC="tlogoex8b.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">This opinion is rendered only to you and
is solely for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement upon the understanding that we are not hereby assuming
professional responsibility to any other person whatsoever. This opinion may not be relied upon by you for any other purpose, or
furnished to, assigned to, quoted to or relied upon by any other person, firm or other entity for any purpose without our prior
written consent, which may be granted or withheld in our sole discretion, provided that this opinion may be relied upon by persons
entitled to rely on it pursuant to applicable provisions of federal securities law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">We hereby consent to the filing of this
opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm name in the Registration Statement under the
captions &ldquo;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo; and &ldquo;Legal Matters.&rdquo; In giving this consent,
we do not hereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules
or regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&nbsp;</td>
    <td style="width: 50%">Very truly yours,</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    <td>/s/ Latham &amp; Watkins LLP</td></tr>
</table>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.1
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>v439334_ex12-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 12.1
<TEXT>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT 12.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>STATEMENT OF COMPUTATION OF RATIOS OF
EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AND EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED
STOCK DIVIDENDS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Our ratios of earnings
to fixed charges <SUP>(1)</SUP> and earnings to fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the three months ended March 31,
2016 and each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 2011 were as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Three<BR> Months<BR> Ended<BR> March&nbsp;31,</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="18" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(In Thousands, Except Ratios)</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2014</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2013</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2012</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2011</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Net income before provision for income taxes</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">12,091</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">91,742</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">101,313</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">184,194</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">133,060</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">25,238</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Interest expense on asset-backed securities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4,282</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">21,469</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">31,227</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">39,716</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">101,732</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">88,433</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">Interest expense on long-term debt</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,971</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">43,842</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">30,246</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">23,819</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">9,583</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">9,514</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">Earnings available to cover fixed charges</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">29,344</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">157,053</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">162,786</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">247,729</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">244,375</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">123,185</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Fixed charges:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Interest expense on asset-backed securities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4,282</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">21,469</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">31,227</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">39,716</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">101,732</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">88,433</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Interest expense on long-term debt</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">12,971</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">43,842</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">30,246</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">23,819</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,583</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,514</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total fixed charges</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">17,253</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">65,311</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">61,473</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">63,535</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">111,315</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">97,947</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">Ratio of earnings to fixed charges</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.70</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2.40</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2.65</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">3.90</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2.20</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.26</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preferred stock dividends <SUP>(2)</SUP></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.70</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2.40</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2.65</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">3.90</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2.20</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.26</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 96%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The ratio of earnings to fixed charges represents the number of times &ldquo;fixed charges&rdquo; are covered by &ldquo;earnings.&rdquo; &ldquo;Fixed charges&rdquo; consist of interest on outstanding asset backed securities issued and debt and amortization of debt discount and expense. The proportion deemed representative of the interest factor of operating lease expense has not been deducted as the total operating lease expense in itself was de minimis and did not affect the ratios in a material way. &ldquo;Earnings&rdquo; consist of consolidated income before income taxes and fixed charges.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 96%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No preferred stock was outstanding during any period presented.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>v439334_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT 23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTING FIRM</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have issued our reports dated February
26, 2016, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting of Redwood Trust,
Inc. included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which are incorporated by reference in this
Registration Statement. We consent to the incorporation by reference of the aforementioned reports in the Registration Statement
and to the use of our name as it appears under the caption &ldquo;Experts.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Irvine, California</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">May 10, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-25.1
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>v439334_ex25-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 25.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 25.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">File No.____________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Washington, D.C. 20549</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM T-1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY UNDER THE TRUST
INDENTURE ACT OF 1939</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF A CORPORATION DESIGNATED TO ACT AS
TRUSTEE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings"><B>&uml;</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
CHECK IF AN APPLICATION TO DETERMINE ELIGIBILITY OF A</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>TRUSTEE PURSUANT TO SECTION 305(b)(2)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of trustee as specified in its
charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>16-1486454</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(I.R.S. employer identification no.)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1100 North Market Street</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Wilmington, DE 19890</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address of principal executive offices)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Tara Aiken</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Banking Officer</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1100 North Market Street</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Wilmington, Delaware 19890</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(302) 651-1592</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Name, address and telephone number of agent
for service)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Redwood Trust, Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Redwood Capital Trust II</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of obligor as specified in its
charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Maryland</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">68-0329422</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Delaware</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27-6733708</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State of incorporation)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S. employer identification no.)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">One Belvedere Place, Suite 300</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mill Valley, CA</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;94941</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address of principal executive offices)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Zip Code)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Title of the indenture securities)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 48.25pt; text-align: left"><B>Item 1.</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>GENERAL INFORMATION. </B>Furnish the following information
as to the trustee:</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 78pt; text-indent: -30pt"><I>(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Name and address of each
examining or supervising authority to which it is subject.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 78pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 78pt">Comptroller of Currency, Washington, D.C.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 78pt">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington,
D.C.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 78pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 78pt; text-indent: -30pt"><I>(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whether it is authorized
to exercise corporate trust powers.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 78pt">Yes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 48.25pt; text-align: left"><B>Item 2.</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>AFFILIATIONS WITH THE OBLIGOR<I>. </I></B><I>If the
obligor is an affiliate of the trustee, describe each affiliation:</I></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48.25pt; text-align: justify">Based upon an examination of
the books and records of the trustee and upon information furnished by the obligor, the obligor is not an affiliate of the trustee.&#9;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 48.25pt; text-align: left"><B>Item 16.</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>LIST OF EXHIBITS. </B>Listed below are all exhibits
filed as part of this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD>A copy of the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 of Form T-1.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD>The authority of Wilmington Trust, National Association to commence business was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust,
National Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 of Form T-1.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 52.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 52.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 19.5pt">3.</TD><TD>The authorization to exercise corporate trust powers was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association,
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1 of Form T<B>-</B>1.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">4.</TD><TD>A copy of the existing By-Laws of Trustee, as now in effect, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4 of form T-1.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">5.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Not applicable.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">6.</TD><TD>The consent of Trustee as required by Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 6 of Form T-1.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">7.</TD><TD>Current Report of the Condition of Trustee, published pursuant to law or the requirements of its supervising or examining authority,
attached as Exhibit 7.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">8.</TD><TD>Not applicable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">9.</TD><TD>Not applicable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended, the trustee, Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association organized and existing under the
laws of the United States of America, has duly caused this Statement of Eligibility to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Wilmington and State of Delaware on the 10<SUP>th</SUP> day of May, 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 43%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Michael H. Wass</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael H. Wass</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Vice President</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT 1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CHARTER OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: red">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: red">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">For the purpose of organizing an association
to perform any lawful activities of national banks, the undersigned do enter into the following articles of association:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">FIRST.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The title
of this association shall be Wilmington Trust, National Association.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">SECOND.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The main office of the
association shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The general business of the association
shall be conducted at its main office and its branches.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">THIRD.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The board
of directors of this association shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five persons, unless the OCC has exempted
the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority
of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Each
director shall own common or preferred stock of the association or of a holding company owning the association, with an aggregate
par, fair market or equity value $1,000. Determination of these values may be based as of either (i) the date of purchase or (ii)
the date the person became a director, whichever value is greater. Any combination of common or preferred stock of the association
or holding company may be used.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Any vacancy in the board of directors may
be filled by action of a majority of the remaining directors between meetings of shareholders. The board of directors may not increase
the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1)</FONT></TD><TD>exceeds by more than two the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2)</FONT></TD><TD>exceeds by more than four the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event
shall the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Directors shall be elected for terms of
one year and until their successors are elected and qualified. Terms of directors, including directors selected to fill vacancies,
shall expire at the next regular meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected, unless the directors resign or are removed
from office. Despite the expiration of a director's term, the director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected
and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors and his or her position is eliminated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Honorary or advisory members of the board
of directors, without voting power or power of final decision in matters concerning the business of the association, may be appointed
by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors, or by resolution of shareholders at any annual or special meeting.
Honorary or advisory directors shall not be counted to determine the number of directors of the association or the presence of
a quorum in connection with any board action, and shall not be required to own qualifying shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">FOURTH.&#9;There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders
to elect directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the meeting. It shall be held at the main office
or any other convenient place the board of directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the bylaws, or,
if that day falls on a legal holiday in the state in which the association is located, on the next following banking day. If no
election is held on the day fixed, or in the event of a legal holiday on the following banking day, an election may be held on
any subsequent day within 60 days of the day fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix
the day, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares issued and outstanding. In all cases at least 10 days advance notice
of the time, place and purpose of a shareholders&rsquo; meeting shall be given to the shareholders by first class mail, unless
the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. The sole shareholder of the bank is permitted to waive notice of the
shareholders&rsquo; meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">In all elections of directors, the number
of votes each common shareholder may cast will be determined by multiplying the number of shares such shareholder owns by the number
of directors to be elected. Those votes may be cumulated and cast for a single candidate or may be distributed among two or more
candidates in the manner selected by the shareholder. If, after the first ballot, subsequent ballots are necessary to elect directors,
a shareholder may not vote shares that he or she has already fully cumulated and voted in favor of a successful candidate. On all
other questions, each common shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Nominations for election to the board of
directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association
entitled to vote for election of directors. Nominations other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management shall
be made in writing and be delivered or mailed to the president of the association not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior
to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days notice of the
meeting is given to shareholders, such nominations shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than
the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain
the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1)</FONT></TD><TD>The name and address of each proposed nominee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2)</FONT></TD><TD>The principal occupation of each proposed nominee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3)</FONT></TD><TD>The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4)</FONT></TD><TD>The name and residence address of the notifying shareholder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5)</FONT></TD><TD>The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">Nominations not made in accordance
herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and the vote tellers may disregard all votes
cast for each such nominee. No bylaw may unreasonably restrict the nomination of directors by shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">A director may resign at any
time by delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairperson, or to the association, which resignation shall be
effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">A director may be removed by
shareholders at a meeting called to remove the director, when notice of the meeting stating that the purpose or one of the purposes
is to remove the director is provided, if there is a failure to fulfill one of the affirmative requirements for qualification,
or for cause; provided, however, that a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect the director under
cumulative voting is voted against the director's removal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">FIFTH.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The authorized amount of capital stock of this association
shall be ten thousand shares of common stock of the par value of one hundred dollars ($100) each; but said capital stock may be
increased or decreased from time to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No holder of shares of the capital stock
of any class of the association shall have any preemptive or preferential right of subscription to any shares of any class of stock
of the association, whether now or hereafter authorized, or to any obligations convertible into stock of the association, issued,
or sold, nor any right of subscription to any thereof other than such, if any, as the board of directors, in its discretion, may
from time to time determine and at such price as the board of directors may from time to time fix. Preemptive rights also must
be approved by a vote of holders of two-thirds of the bank&rsquo;s outstanding voting shares. Unless otherwise specified in these
articles of association or required by law, (1) all matters requiring shareholder action, including amendments to the articles
of association, must be approved by shareholders owning a majority voting interest in the outstanding voting stock, and (2) each
shareholder shall be entitled to one vote per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise specified in these articles
of association or required by law, all shares of voting stock shall be voted together as a class, on any matters requiring shareholder
approval. If a proposed amendment would affect two or more classes or series in the same or a substantially similar way, all the
classes or series so affected must vote together as a single voting group on the proposed amendment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Shares of one class or series may be issued
as a dividend for shares of the same class or series on a pro rata basis and without consideration. Shares of one class or series
may be issued as share dividends for a different class or series of stock if approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be
cast by the class or series to be issued, unless there are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued. Unless otherwise
provided by the board of directors, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend shall be the date
authorized by the board of directors for the share dividend.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws,
the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting is the close of business on the day
before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than
70 days before the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If a shareholder is entitled to fractional
shares pursuant to a stock dividend, consolidation or merger, reverse stock split or otherwise, the association may: (a) issue
fractional shares; (b) in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, issue script or warrants entitling the holder to receive a
full share upon surrendering enough script or warrants to equal a full share; (c) if there is an established and active market
in the association's stock, make reasonable arrangements to provide the shareholder with an opportunity to realize a fair price
through sale of the fraction, or purchase of the additional fraction required for a full share; (d) remit the cash equivalent of
the fraction to the shareholder; or (e) sell full shares representing all the fractions at public auction or to the highest bidder
after having solicited and received sealed bids from at least three licensed stock brokers; and distribute the proceeds pro rata
to shareholders who otherwise would be entitled to the fractional shares. The holder of a fractional share is entitled to exercise
the rights for shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends, and to participate in the assets of the association
upon liquidation, in proportion to the fractional interest. The holder of script or warrants is not entitled to any of these rights
unless the script or warrants explicitly provide for such rights. The script or warrants may be subject to such additional conditions
as: (1) that the script or warrants will become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date; and (2) that the
shares for which the script or warrants are exchangeable may be sold at the option of the association and the proceeds paid to
scriptholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The association, at any time and from time
to time, may authorize and issue debt obligations, whether or not subordinated, without the approval of the shareholders. Obligations
classified as debt, whether or not subordinated, which may be issued by the association without the approval of shareholders, do
not carry voting rights on any issue, including an increase or decrease in the aggregate number of the securities, or the exchange
or reclassification of all or part of securities into securities of another class or series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">SIXTH.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The board of directors shall appoint one of its members
president of this association, and one of its members chairperson of the board and shall have the power to appoint one or more
vice presidents, a secretary who shall keep minutes of the directors' and shareholders' meetings and be responsible for authenticating
the records of the association, and such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business of this association.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A duly appointed officer may appoint one
or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The board of directors shall have the power
to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1)</FONT></TD><TD>Define the duties of the officers, employees, and agents of the association.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2)</FONT></TD><TD>Delegate the performance of its duties, but not the responsibility for its duties, to the officers, employees, and agents of
the association.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3)</FONT></TD><TD>Fix the compensation and enter into employment contracts with its officers and employees upon reasonable terms and conditions
consistent with applicable law.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4)</FONT></TD><TD>Dismiss officers and employees.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5)</FONT></TD><TD>Require bonds from officers and employees and to fix the penalty thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6)</FONT></TD><TD>Ratify written policies authorized by the association's management or committees of the board.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7)</FONT></TD><TD>Regulate the manner in which any increase or decrease of the capital of the association shall be made, provided that nothing
herein shall restrict the power of shareholders to increase or decrease the capital of the association in accordance with law,
and nothing shall raise or lower from two-thirds the percentage required for shareholder approval to increase or reduce the capital.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8)</FONT></TD><TD>Manage and administer the business and affairs of the association.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9)</FONT></TD><TD>Adopt initial bylaws, not inconsistent with law or the articles of association, for managing the business and regulating the
affairs of the association.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10)</FONT></TD><TD>Amend or repeal bylaws, except to the extent that the articles of association reserve this power in whole or in part to shareholders.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11)</FONT></TD><TD>Make contracts.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12)</FONT></TD><TD>Generally perform all acts that are legal for a board of directors to perform.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">SEVENTH.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The board of directors shall have the power to change
the location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Wilmington, Delaware, without the approval of the shareholders,
or with a vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of the stock of such association for a relocation outside such limits and upon
receipt of a certificate of approval from the Comptroller of the Currency, to any other location within or outside the limits of
Wilmington Delaware, but not more than 30 miles beyond such limits. The board of directors shall have the power to establish or
change the location of any branch or branches of the association to any other location permitted under applicable law, without
approval of shareholders, subject to approval by the Comptroller of the Currency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">EIGHTH.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The corporate existence of this association shall
continue until termination according to the laws of the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">NINTH.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The board of directors of this association, or any
one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 50 percent of the stock of this association, may call a special
meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or the laws of the United States, a notice of the
time, place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be given at least 10 days prior to the meeting
by first-class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. If the association is a wholly-owned subsidiary,
the sole shareholder may waive notice of the shareholders&rsquo; meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or these articles,
any action requiring approval of shareholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">TENTH.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For purposes of this Article Tenth, the term &ldquo;institution-affiliated
party&rdquo; shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any institution-affiliated party (or his
or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually
incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal,
governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or
hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results
in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office
or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from
or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require
the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated
parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments
incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated
by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or
part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated
party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or
1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by
the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated
party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination
that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse
the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association
will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such
institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a
final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or
prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or
to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses
incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action
or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance
of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated
party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution-affiliated
party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized
by these articles of association and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are
not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted
by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated
party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that a majority of the members
of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification,
the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the
remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs
of this Article Tenth have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members
of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that all of the members of
the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the
board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion
of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If legal counsel
opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent permitted under applicable
law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available
with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these articles of association, (b) shall continue to exist after any
restrictive amendment of these articles of association with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted
on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding,
or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which
may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her
heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The rights of indemnification and to the
advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed
exclusive of any other rights to which any such institution affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators)
may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled whether contained in these articles of association, the bylaws, a resolution of stockholders,
a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being
hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement
of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise,
of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding
to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein
or in connection therewith or any part thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If this Article Tenth or any part hereof
shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent
necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Article Tenth shall remain fully enforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The association may, upon affirmative vote
of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that
such indemnification is allowed in these articles of association; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage
to pay or reimburse any institution-affiliated party for the cost of any judgment or civil money penalty assessed against such
person in an administrative proceeding or civil action commenced by any federal banking agency. Such insurance may, but need not,
be for the benefit of all institution-affiliated parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">ELEVENTH.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These articles of association may be amended at
any regular or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of this association,
unless the vote of the holders of a greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the holders of
such greater amount. The association's board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the articles of association for
submission to the shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT 4</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>BY-LAWS OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>(effective as of January 1, 2012)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE I</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><U>Meetings of Shareholders</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Annual Meeting</B>. The annual
meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may properly come before the meeting shall
be held at the main office of the association, Rodney Square North, 1100 Market Street, City of Wilmington, State of Delaware,
at 1:00 o'clock p.m. on the first Tuesday in March of each year, or at such other place and time as the board of directors may
designate, or if that date falls on a legal holiday in Delaware, on the next following banking day. Notice of the meeting shall
be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 10 days and no more than 60 days prior to the date thereof, addressed
to each shareholder at his/her address appearing on the books of the association. If, for any cause, an election of directors is
not made on that date, or in the event of a legal holiday, on the next following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent
day within 60 days of the date fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the date, by
shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares. In these circumstances, at least 10 days&rsquo; notice must be given by first
class mail to shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 2. Special Meetings</B>. Except
as otherwise specifically provided by statute, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for any purpose at any time by
the board of directors or by any one or more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than fifty percent of the stock of
the association. Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called by mailing, postage prepaid, not
less than 10 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting, to each shareholder at the address appearing on
the books of the association a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The board of directors may fix a record
date for determining shareholders entitled to notice and to vote at any meeting, in reasonable proximity to the date of giving
notice to the shareholders of such meeting. The record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is
the date the first shareholder signs a demand for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A special meeting may be called by shareholders
or the board of directors to amend the articles of association or bylaws, whether or not such bylaws may be amended by the board
of directors in the absence of shareholder approval.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If an annual or special shareholders' meeting
is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice need not be given of the new date, time or place, if the new date, time
or place is announced at the meeting before adjournment, unless any additional items of business are to be considered, or the association
becomes aware of an intervening event materially affecting any matter to be voted on more than 10 days prior to the date to which
the meeting is adjourned. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed, however, notice of the adjourned meeting must
be given to persons who are shareholders as of the new record date. If, however, the meeting to elect the directors is adjourned
before the election takes place, at least ten days&rsquo; notice of the new election must be given to the shareholders by first-class
mail.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 3. Nominations of Directors</B>.
Nominations for election to the board of directors may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding
class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for the election of directors. Nominations, other than those made by
or on behalf of the existing management of the association, shall be made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the president
of the association and the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D.C., not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to
any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors; <I>provided, however,</I> that if less than 21 days' notice of
the meeting is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later
than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall
contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD>The name and address of each proposed nominee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(2)</TD><TD>The principal occupation of each proposed nominee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(3)</TD><TD>The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(4)</TD><TD>The name and residence of the notifying shareholder; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(5)</TD><TD>The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Nominations not made in accordance herewith
may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and upon his/her instructions, the vote tellers may
disregard all votes cast for each such nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 4. Proxies</B>. Shareholders
may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing, but no officer or employee of this association
shall act as proxy. Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting, to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting.
Proxies shall be dated and filed with the records of the meeting. Proxies with facsimile signatures may be used and unexecuted
proxies may be counted upon receipt of a written confirmation from the shareholder. Proxies meeting the above requirements submitted
at any time during a meeting shall be accepted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 5. Quorum</B>. A majority of
the outstanding capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders, unless
otherwise provided by law, or by the shareholders or directors pursuant to Article IX, Section 2, but less than a quorum may adjourn
any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice. A majority of the votes cast
shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting, unless otherwise provided by law or by the
articles of association, or by the shareholders or directors pursuant to Article IX, Section 2. If a meeting for the election of
directors is not held on the fixed date, at least 10 days&rsquo; notice must be given by first-class mail to the shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE II</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Directors</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Board of Directors</B>. The
board of directors shall have the power to manage and administer the business and affairs of the association. Except as expressly
limited by law, all corporate powers of the association shall be vested in and may be exercised by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 2. Number</B>. The board of directors
shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five members, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member
limit. The exact number within such minimum and maximum limits is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of
a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any meeting thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 3. Organization Meeting</B>.
The secretary or treasurer, upon receiving the certificate of the judges of the result of any election, shall notify the directors-elect
of their election and of the time at which they are required to meet at the main office of the association, or at such other place
in the cities of Wilmington, Delaware or Buffalo, New York,<B> </B>to organize the new board of directors and elect and appoint
officers of the association for the succeeding year. Such meeting shall be held on the day of the election or as soon thereafter
as practicable, and, in any event, within 30 days thereof. If, at the time fixed for such meeting, there shall not be a quorum,
the directors present may adjourn the meeting, from time to time, until a quorum is obtained.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 4. Regular Meetings</B>. The
Board of Directors may, at any time and from time to time, by resolution designate the place, date and hour for the holding of
a regular meeting, but in the absence of any such designation,<B> </B>regular meetings of the board of directors shall be held,
without notice, on the first Tuesday of each March, June and September, and on the second Tuesday of each December at the main
office or other such place as the board of directors may designate. When any regular meeting of the board of directors falls upon
a holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next banking business day unless the board of directors shall designate another day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 5. Special Meetings</B>. Special
meetings of the board of directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of the association, or at the request of two or more
directors. Each member of the board of directors shall be given notice by telegram, first class mail, or in person stating the
time and place of each special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 6. Quorum</B>. A majority of
the entire board then in office shall constitute a quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law or these bylaws,
but a lesser number may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice.
If the number of directors present at the meeting is reduced below the number that would constitute a quorum, no business may be
transacted, except selecting directors to fill vacancies in conformance with Article II, Section 7. If a quorum is present, the
board of directors may take action through the vote of a majority of the directors who are in attendance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 7.</B> <B>Meetings by Conference
Telephone.</B> Any one or more members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such
board or committees by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in
the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at
such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 8. Procedures</B>. The order
of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of the board of directors may be determined by the person presiding
at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 9. Removal of Directors</B>.
Any director may be removed for cause, at any meeting of stockholders notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action,
by vote of the stockholders. Any director may be removed without cause, at any meeting of stockholders notice of which shall have
referred to the proposed action, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the Corporation entitled to vote. Any
director may be removed for cause, at any meeting of the directors notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action,
by vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 10. Vacancies</B>. When any vacancy
occurs among the directors, a majority of the remaining members of the board of directors, according to the laws of the United
States, may appoint a director to fill such vacancy at any regular meeting of the board of directors, or at a special meeting called
for that purpose at which a quorum is present, or if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the board
of directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office, or by shareholders at a special meeting
called for that purpose in conformance with Section 2 of Article I. At any such shareholder meeting, each shareholder entitled
to vote shall have the right to multiply the number of votes he or she is entitled to cast by the number of vacancies being filled
and cast the product for a single candidate or distribute the product among two or more candidates. A vacancy that will occur at
a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at a later date) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new
director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE III</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Committees of the Board</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The board of directors has power over and
is solely responsible for the management, supervision, and administration of the association. The board of directors may delegate
its power, but none of its responsibilities, to such persons or committees as the board may determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The board of directors must formally ratify
written policies authorized by committees of the board of directors before such policies become effective. Each committee must
have one or more member(s), and who may be an officer of the association or an officer or director of any affiliate of the association,
who serve at the pleasure of the board of directors. Provisions of the articles of association and these bylaws governing place
of meetings, notice of meeting, quorum and voting requirements of the board of directors, apply to committees and their members
as well. The creation of a committee and appointment of members to it must be approved by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Loan Committee</B>. There
shall be a loan committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The
loan committee, on behalf of the bank, shall have power to discount and purchase bills, notes and other evidences of debt, to buy
and sell bills of exchange, to examine and approve loans and discounts, to exercise authority regarding loans and discounts, and
to exercise, when the board of directors is not in session, all other powers of the board of directors that may lawfully be delegated.
The loan committee shall keep minutes of its meetings, and such minutes shall be submitted at the next regular meeting of the board
of directors at which a quorum is present, and any action taken by the board of directors with respect thereto shall be entered
in the minutes of the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 2. Investment Committee</B>.
There shall be an investment committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors annually or more
often. The investment committee, on behalf of the bank, shall have the power to ensure adherence to the investment policy, to recommend
amendments thereto, to purchase and sell securities, to exercise authority regarding investments and to exercise, when the board
of directors is not in session, all other powers of the board of directors regarding investment securities that may be lawfully
delegated. The investment committee shall keep minutes of its meetings, and such minutes shall be submitted at the next regular
meeting of the board of directors at which a quorum is present, and any action taken by the board of directors with respect thereto
shall be entered in the minutes of the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 3. Examining Committee</B>. There
shall be an examining committee composed of not less than 2 directors, exclusive of any active officers, appointed by the board
of directors annually or more often. The duty of that committee shall be to examine at least once during each calendar year and
within 15 months of the last examination the affairs of the association or cause suitable examinations to be made by auditors responsible
only to the board of directors and to report the result of such examination in writing to the board of directors at the next regular
meeting thereafter. Such report shall state whether the association is in a sound condition, and whether adequate internal controls
and procedures are being maintained and shall recommend to the board of directors such changes in the manner of conducting the
affairs of the association as shall be deemed advisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the provisions of the first
paragraph of this section 3, the responsibility and authority of the Examining Committee may, if authorized by law, be given over
to a duly constituted audit committee of the association's parent corporation by a resolution duly adopted by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 4. Trust Audit Committee.</B>
There shall be a trust audit committee in conformance with Section 1 of Article V.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 5. Other Committees</B>. The
board of directors may appoint, from time to time, from its own members, compensation, special litigation and other committees
of one or more persons, for such purposes and with such powers as the board of directors may determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">However, a committee may not:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD>Authorize distributions of assets or dividends;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(2)</TD><TD>Approve action required to be approved by shareholders;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(3)</TD><TD>Fill vacancies on the board of directors or any of its committees;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(4)</TD><TD>Amend articles of association;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(5)</TD><TD>Adopt, amend or repeal bylaws; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(6)</TD><TD>Authorize or approve issuance or sale or contract for sale of shares, or determine the designation and relative rights, preferences
and limitations of a class or series of shares.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 6. Committee Members' Fees</B>.
Committee members may receive a fee for their services as committee members and traveling and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred
in attending any meeting of a committee of which they are a member. The fee may be a fixed sum to be paid for attending each meeting
or a fixed sum to be paid quarterly, or semiannually, irrespective of the number of meetings attended or not attended. The amount
of the fee and the basis on which it shall be paid shall be determined by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE IV</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Officers and Employees</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Chairperson of the Board</B>.
The board of directors shall appoint one of its members to be the chairperson of the board to serve at its pleasure. Such person
shall preside at all meetings of the board of directors. The chairperson of the board shall supervise the carrying out of the policies
adopted or approved by the board of directors; shall have general executive powers, as well as the specific powers conferred by
these bylaws; and shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or
assigned by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 2. President</B>. The board of
directors shall appoint one of its members to be the president of the association. In the absence of the chairperson, the president
shall preside at any meeting of the board of directors. The president shall have general executive powers and shall have and may
exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation, or practice to the office of president, or imposed
by these bylaws. The president shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred
or assigned by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 3. Vice President</B>. The board
of directors may appoint one or more vice presidents. Each vice president shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned
by the board of directors. One vice president shall be designated by the board of directors, in the absence of the president, to
perform all the duties of the president.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 4. Secretary</B>. The board of
directors shall appoint a secretary, treasurer, or other designated officer who shall be secretary of the board of directors and
of the association and who shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings. The secretary shall attend to the giving of all notices
required by these bylaws; shall be custodian of the corporate seal, records, documents and papers of the association; shall provide
for the keeping of proper records of all transactions of the association; shall have and may exercise any and all other powers
and duties pertaining by law, regulation or practice to the office of treasurer, or imposed by these bylaws; and shall also perform
such other duties as may be assigned from time to time, by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 5. Other Officers</B>. The board
of directors may appoint one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more trust officers, one or more assistant secretaries,
one or more assistant treasurers, one or more managers and assistant managers of branches and such other officers and attorneys
in fact as from time to time may appear to the board of directors to be required or desirable to transact the business of the association.
Such officers shall respectively exercise such powers and perform such duties as pertain to their several offices, or as may be
conferred upon or assigned to them by the board of directors, the chairperson of the board, or the president. The board of directors
may authorize an officer to appoint one or more officers or assistant officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 6. Tenure of Office</B>. The
president and all other officers shall hold office for the current year for which the board of directors was elected, unless they
shall resign, become disqualified, or be removed; and any vacancy occurring in the office of president shall be filled promptly
by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 7. Resignation</B>. An officer
may resign at any time by delivering notice to the association. A resignation is effective when the notice is given unless the
notice specifies a later effective date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE V</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Fiduciary Activities</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Trust Audit Committee.</B>
There shall be a Trust Audit Committee composed of not less than 2 directors, appointed by the board of directors, which shall,
at least once during each calendar year make suitable audits of the association&rsquo;s fiduciary activities or cause suitable
audits to be made by auditors responsible only to the board, and at such time shall ascertain whether fiduciary powers have been
administered according to law, Part 9 of the Regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, and sound fiduciary principles. Such
committee: (1) must not include any officers of the bank or an affiliate who participate significantly in the administration of
the bank&rsquo;s fiduciary activities; and (2) must consist of a majority of members who are not also members of any committee
to which the board of directors has delegated power to manage and control the fiduciary activities of the bank.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the provisions of the first
paragraph of this section 1, the responsibility and authority of the Trust Audit Committee may, if authorized by law, be given
over to a duly constituted audit committee of the association&rsquo;s parent corporation by a resolution duly adopted by the board
of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 2. Fiduciary Files.</B> There
shall be maintained by the association all fiduciary records necessary to assure that its fiduciary responsibilities have been
properly undertaken and discharged.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -27pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 3. Trust Investments.</B> Funds
held in a fiduciary capacity shall be invested according to the instrument establishing the fiduciary relationship and applicable
law. Where such instrument does not specify the character and class of investments to be made, but does vest in the association
investment discretion, funds held pursuant to such instrument shall be invested in investments in which corporate fiduciaries may
invest under applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE VI</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Stock and Stock Certificates</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Transfers</B>. Shares of stock
shall be transferable on the books of the association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock shall
be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall in proportion to such shareholder's shares, succeed to
all rights of the prior holder of such shares. The board of directors may impose conditions upon the transfer of the stock reasonably
calculated to simplify the work of the association with respect to stock transfers, voting at shareholder meetings and related
matters and to protect it against fraudulent transfers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 2. Stock Certificates</B>. Certificates
of stock shall bear the signature of the president (which may be engraved, printed or impressed) and shall be signed manually or
by facsimile process by the secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or any other officer appointed by the
board of directors for that purpose, to be known as an authorized officer, and the seal of the association shall be engraved thereon.
Each certificate shall recite on its face that the stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the association
properly endorsed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The board of directors may adopt or use
procedures for replacing lost, stolen, or destroyed stock certificates as permitted by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The association may establish a procedure
through which the beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee may be recognized by the association
as the shareholder. The procedure may set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD>The types of nominees to which it applies;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(2)</TD><TD>The rights or privileges that the association recognizes in a beneficial owner;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(3)</TD><TD>How the nominee may request the association to recognize the beneficial owner as the shareholder;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(4)</TD><TD>The information that must be provided when the procedure is selected;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(5)</TD><TD>The period over which the association will continue to recognize the beneficial owner as the shareholder;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(6)</TD><TD>Other aspects of the rights and duties created.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE VII</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Corporate Seal</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Seal</B>. The seal of the
association shall be in such form as may be determined from time to time by the board of directors. The president, the treasurer,
the secretary or any assistant treasurer or assistant secretary, or other officer thereunto designated by the board of directors
shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any document requiring such seal and to attest the same. The seal on any corporate
obligation for the payment of money may be facsimile.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE VIII</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Miscellaneous Provisions</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Fiscal Year</B>. The fiscal
year of the association shall be the calendar year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 2. Execution of Instruments</B>.
All agreements, indentures, mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts, discharges, releases,
satisfactions, settlements, petitions, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies and other instruments or documents
may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association by the chairperson of the board,
or the president, or any vice president, or the secretary, or the treasurer, or, if in connection with the exercise of fiduciary
powers of the association, by any of those offices or by any trust officer. Any such instruments may also be executed, acknowledged,
verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association in such other manner and by such other officers as the board of directors
may from time to time direct. The provisions of this section 2 are supplementary to any other provision of these bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 3. Records</B>. The articles
of association, the bylaws and the proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the board of directors, and standing committees
of the board of directors shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided for that purpose. The minutes of each meeting
shall be signed by the secretary, treasurer or other officer appointed to act as secretary of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 4. Corporate Governance Procedures.</B>
To the extent not inconsistent with federal banking statutes and regulations, or safe and sound banking practices, the association
may follow the Delaware General Corporation Law, Del. Code Ann. tit. 8 (1991, as amended 1994, and as amended thereafter) with
respect to matters of corporate governance procedures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 5. Indemnification. </B>For purposes
of this Section 5 of Article VIII, the term &ldquo;institution-affiliated party&rdquo; shall mean any institution-affiliated party
of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any institution-affiliated party (or his
or her heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually
incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal,
governmental, administrative or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or
hereafter exists; provided, however, that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results
in a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office
or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from
or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require
the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated
parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators) for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments
incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated
by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or
part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated
party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or
1818 may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by
the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated
party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination
that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse
the bank in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association
will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such
institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a
final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or
prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or
to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances, expenses
incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action
or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association may be paid by the association in advance
of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated
party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event that such institution-affiliated
party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized
by these bylaws and (b) approval by the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such
action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the
board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to find that the institution-affiliated party has
met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such action or proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that a majority of the members
of the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification,
the remaining members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the
remaining members of the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs
of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining
members of the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that all of the members of
the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the
board shall authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion
of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met.
If legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the
requested indemnification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent permitted under applicable
law, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available
with respect to events occurring prior to the adoption of these bylaws, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment
of these bylaws with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law
in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable
law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court
of competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators)
for whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The rights of indemnification and to the
advancement of expenses provided in these bylaws shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of
any other rights to which any such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter
be otherwise entitled whether contained in the association&rsquo;s articles of association, these bylaws, a resolution of stockholders,
a resolution of the board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being
hereby expressly authorized. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement
of expenses provided in these bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such
institution-affiliated party (or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed
or allowed in his or her favor, against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection
therewith or any part thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If this Section 5 of Article VIII or any
part hereof shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the
minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Section 5 of Article VIII shall remain fully enforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The association may, upon affirmative vote
of a majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that
such indemnification is allowed in these bylaws; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage for a final order
assessing civil money penalties against such persons by a bank regulatory agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the
benefit of all institution-affiliated parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE IX</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Inspection and Amendments</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 1. Inspection</B>. A copy of
the bylaws of the association, with all amendments, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the main office of the
association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during banking hours.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section 2. Amendments</B>. The bylaws
of the association may be amended, altered or repealed, at any regular meeting of the board of directors, by a vote of a majority
of the total number of the directors except as provided below, and provided that the following language accompany any such change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">I,________________, certify that: (1) I
am the duly constituted (secretary or treasurer) of and secretary of its board of directors, and as such officer am the official
custodian of its records; (2) the foregoing bylaws are the bylaws of the association, and all of them are now lawfully in force
and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">I have hereunto affixed my official signature
on this_____________day of____________.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 93%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Secretary or Treasurer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The association's shareholders may amend
or repeal the bylaws even though the bylaws also may be amended or repealed by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT 6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Section 321(b) Consent</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939,
as amended, Wilmington Trust, National Association hereby consents that reports of examinations by Federal, State, Territorial
or District authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: May 10, 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Michael H. Wass</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 43%; font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael H. Wass</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; layout-grid-mode: line"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Vice President</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT 7</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>R E P O R T O F C O N D I T I O N</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">As of the close of business on December
31, 2015</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP>ASSETS</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">Thousands of Dollars</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%; text-align: left">Cash and balances due from depository institutions:</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">1,433,016</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Securities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,100</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">78,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Loans and leases held for sale:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Loans and leases net of unearned income, allowance:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">358,445</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Premises and fixed assets:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,924</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other real estate owned:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">266</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Intangible assets:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">588</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other assets:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">46,893</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total Assets:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,928,732</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">LIABILITIES</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">Thousands of Dollars</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%">Deposits</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">1,422,387</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other borrowed money:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other Liabilities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">30,626</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,453,013</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">EQUITY CAPITAL</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">Thousands of Dollars</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%; text-align: left">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right">1,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Surplus</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">389,813</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Retained Earnings</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">85,436</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accumulated other comprehensive income</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(530</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total Equity Capital</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">475,719</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total Liabilities and Equity Capital</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,928,732</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-family: Courier New, Courier, Monospace; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<DOCUMENT>
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