Equity Compensation Plans

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 4,875,504 and 1,356,438 shares of common stock, respectively, were available for grant under our Incentive Plan. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, Redwood shareholders approved for grant an additional 4,000,000 shares of common stock under our Incentive Plan. The unamortized compensation cost of awards issued under the Incentive Plan and purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan totaled $19 million at September 30, 2018, as shown in the following table.

Table 17.1 – Activities of Equity Compensation Costs by Award Type



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(In Thousands)	Restricted Stock			Deferred Stock Units			Performance Stock Units			Employee Stock Purchase Plan			Total
Unrecognized compensation cost at beginning of period	$	2,808		$	13,364		$	5,298		$	—		$	21,470
Equity grants	2,391			4,750			350			136			7,627
Equity grant forfeitures	(112		)	—			—			—			(112		)
Equity compensation expense	(1,245		)	(6,264		)	(1,954		)	(102		)	(9,565		)
Unrecognized Compensation Cost at End of Period	$	3,842		$	11,850		$	3,694		$	34		$	19,420

At September 30, 2018, the weighted average amortization period remaining for all of our equity awards was less than two years.

Restricted Stock

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were 329,042 and 257,507 shares, respectively, of restricted stock outstanding. Restrictions on these shares lapse through 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were 162,330 shares of restricted stock granted, restrictions on 83,325 shares of restricted stock lapsed and those shares were distributed, and 7,470 shares of restricted stock awards were forfeited.

Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”)

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were 2,241,887 and 1,878,491 DSUs, respectively, outstanding of which 1,269,946 and 889,835, respectively, had vested. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were 395,917 DSUs granted, 32,521 DSUs distributed, and no DSUs forfeited. Unvested DSUs at September 30, 2018 vest through 2022.

Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”)

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the target number of PSUs that were unvested was 727,295 and 704,270, respectively. Vesting for these PSUs will generally occur at the end of three years from their grant date, with the level of vesting at that time contingent on total shareholder return ("TSR"). TSR for these PSUs is defined as the percentage by which our common stock "per share price" has increased or decreased as of the last day of the three-year vesting period relative to the first day of such vesting period, adjusted to reflect the reinvestment of all dividends declared and/or paid on our common stock ("Three-Year TSR"). The number of underlying shares of our common stock that will vest in future years will vary between 0% (if Three-Year TSR is zero or negative) and 200% (if Three-Year TSR is greater than or equal to 125%) of the target number of PSUs originally granted, adjusted upward (if vesting is greater than 0%) to reflect the value of dividends paid during the three-year vesting period.

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, 23,025 target number of PSUs with a per unit grant date fair value of $15.20 were granted to two executives in connection with their promotions. The grant date fair values of these PSUs were determined through Monte-Carlo simulations using the following assumptions: our common stock closing price at the grant date, the average closing price of our common stock price for the 60 trading days prior to the grant date and the range of performance-based vesting based on TSR over three years from the grant date. For this PSU grant, an implied volatility assumption of 27% (based on historical volatility), a risk-free rate of 2.71% (the three-year Treasury rate on the grant date), and a 0% dividend yield (the mathematical equivalent to reinvesting the dividends over the three-year performance period as is consistent with the terms of the PSUs) were used.

Vesting for all PSUs will generally occur at the end of three years from their grant date based on various TSR performance calculations, as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP")

The ESPP allows a maximum of 450,000 shares of common stock to be purchased in aggregate for all employees. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 382,696 and 361,006 shares had been purchased, respectively, and there remained a negligible amount of uninvested employee contributions in the ESPP at September 30, 2018.