Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized a provision for income taxes of $1 million and $5 million, respectively. The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal and state tax rates to our effective tax rate at March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Table 22.1 – Reconciliation of Statutory Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rate



	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State statutory rate, net of Federal tax effect	8.6	%	8.6	%
Differences in taxable (loss) income from GAAP income	(8.5	)%	(4.1	)%
Change in valuation allowance	(4.1	)%	(3.9	)%
Dividends paid deduction	(15.4	)%	(12.1	)%
Effective Tax Rate	1.6	%	9.5	%

We assessed our tax positions for all open tax years (i.e., Federal, 2015 to 2019, and State, 2014 to 2019) at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and concluded that we had no uncertain tax positions that resulted in material unrecognized tax benefits.