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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended: June 30, 2021
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from _______________ to _______________.
Commission File Number 1-13759

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland |  | 68-0329422
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Belvedere Place, Suite 300 |  |
Mill Valley, | California |  | 94941
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(415) 389-7373
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Not Applicable
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share | RWT | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share |  | 113,055,422 |  | shares outstanding as of August 2, 2021

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.
2021 FORM 10-Q REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  | Page
PART I — | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |  | 2
| Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2021 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2020 |  | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) |  | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) |  | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) |  | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) |  | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | 9
| Note 1. Organization |  | 9
| Note 2. Basis of Presentation |  | 9
| Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |  | 11
| Note 4. Principles of Consolidation |  | 15
| Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments |  | 23
| Note 6. Residential Loans |  | 31
| Note 7. Business Purpose Loans |  | 35
| Note 8. Multifamily Loans |  | 38
| Note 9. Real Estate Securities |  | 38
| Note 10. Other Investments |  | 43
| Note 11. Derivative Financial Instruments |  | 45
| Note 12. Other Assets and Liabilities |  | 47
| Note 13. Short-Term Debt |  | 49
| Note 14. Asset-Backed Securities Issued |  | 51
| Note 15. Long-Term Debt |  | 53
| Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies |  | 54
| Note 17. Equity |  | 57
| Note 18. Equity Compensation Plans |  | 60
| Note 19. Mortgage Banking Activities, Net |  | 61
| Note 20. Other Income |  | 62
| Note 21. General and Administrative Expenses, Loan Acquisition Costs, and Other Expenses |  | 63
| Note 22. Taxes |  | 64
| Note 23. Segment Information |  | 64
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 69
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 95
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 95
PART II — | OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 96
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 96
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 96
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 96
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures (Not Applicable) |  | 96
Item 5. | Other Information |  | 97
Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 98
Signatures |  | 100

i

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands, except Share Data) (Unaudited) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
ASSETS (1) |  |  |  |
Residential loans, held-for-sale, at fair value |  | $ | 1,160,548 |  |  | $ | 176,641 |
Residential loans, held-for-investment, at fair value |  | 4,582,052 |  |  | 4,072,410 |
Business purpose loans, held-for-sale, at fair value |  | 418,442 |  |  | 245,394 |
Business purpose loans, held-for-investment, at fair value |  | 3,990,447 |  |  | 3,890,959 |
Multifamily loans, held-for-investment, at fair value |  | 485,157 |  |  | 492,221 |
Real estate securities, at fair value |  | 354,886 |  |  | 344,125 |
Other investments |  | 308,732 |  |  | 348,175 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 421,223 |  |  | 461,260 |
Restricted cash |  | 55,048 |  |  | 83,190 |
Intangible assets |  | 49,119 |  |  | 56,865 |
Derivative assets |  | 34,305 |  |  | 53,238 |
Other assets |  | 136,432 |  |  | 130,588 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 11,996,391 |  |  | $ | 10,355,066 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (1) |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Short-term debt, net |  | $ | 1,484,999 |  |  | $ | 522,609 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 3,240 |  |  | 16,072 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | 191,705 |  |  | 179,340 |
Asset-backed securities issued (includes $7,360,766 and $6,900,362 at fair value), net |  | 7,536,997 |  |  | 7,100,661 |
Long-term debt, net |  | 1,484,308 |  |  | 1,425,485 |
Total liabilities |  | 10,701,249 |  |  | 9,244,167 |
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 16) |  |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 395,000,000 shares authorized; 113,052,780 and 112,090,006 issued and outstanding |  | 1,131 |  |  | 1,121 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 2,287,412 |  |  | 2,264,874 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 9,740 |  |  | (4,221) |
Cumulative earnings |  | 1,184,559 |  |  | 997,277 |
Cumulative distributions to stockholders |  | (2,187,700) |  |  | (2,148,152) |
Total equity |  | 1,295,142 |  |  | 1,110,899 |
Total Liabilities and Equity |  | $ | 11,996,391 |  |  | $ | 10,355,066 |

——————
(1)Our consolidated balance sheets include assets of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that can only be used to settle obligations of these VIEs and liabilities of consolidated VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse to Redwood Trust, Inc. or its affiliates. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, assets of consolidated VIEs totaled $8,616,435 and $8,141,069, respectively. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, liabilities of consolidated VIEs totaled $7,562,367 and $7,148,414, respectively. See Note 4 for further discussion.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)

(In Thousands, except Share Data) |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(Unaudited) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Interest Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans |  | $ | 48,433 |  |  | $ | 54,974 |  |  | $ | 92,088 |  |  | $ | 134,410 |
Business purpose loans |  | 70,323 |  |  | 53,419 |  |  | 134,511 |  |  | 106,073 |
Multifamily loans |  | 4,860 |  |  | 4,870 |  |  | 9,646 |  |  | 45,042 |
Real estate securities |  | 9,279 |  |  | 10,027 |  |  | 18,942 |  |  | 28,336 |
Other interest income |  | 5,800 |  |  | 6,656 |  |  | 11,813 |  |  | 14,166 |
Total interest income |  | 138,695 |  |  | 129,946 |  |  | 267,000 |  |  | 328,027 |
Interest Expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt |  | (11,195) |  |  | (16,907) |  |  | (18,968) |  |  | (39,974) |
Asset-backed securities issued |  | (76,419) |  |  | (65,304) |  |  | (148,980) |  |  | (165,802) |
Long-term debt |  | (20,451) |  |  | (20,455) |  |  | (42,669) |  |  | (43,561) |
Total interest expense |  | (108,065) |  |  | (102,666) |  |  | (210,617) |  |  | (249,337) |
Net Interest Income |  | 30,630 |  |  | 27,280 |  |  | 56,383 |  |  | 78,690 |
Non-interest Income (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking activities, net |  | 54,419 |  |  | (5,982) |  |  | 137,026 |  |  | (34,884) |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | 49,480 |  |  | 152,228 |  |  | 94,567 |  |  | (718,604) |
Other income, net |  | 2,126 |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | 5,969 |  |  | 4,093 |
Realized gains, net |  | 8,384 |  |  | 25,965 |  |  | 11,100 |  |  | 29,817 |
Total non-interest income (loss), net |  | 114,409 |  |  | 173,376 |  |  | 248,662 |  |  | (719,578) |
General and administrative expenses |  | (40,594) |  |  | (28,520) |  |  | (84,145) |  |  | (57,202) |
Loan acquisition costs |  | (3,748) |  |  | (1,572) |  |  | (7,307) |  |  | (5,558) |
Other expenses |  | (3,985) |  |  | (5,083) |  |  | (8,081) |  |  | (96,498) |
Net Income (Loss) before (Provision for) Benefit from Income Taxes |  | 96,712 |  |  | 165,481 |  |  | 205,512 |  |  | (800,146) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  | (6,687) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (18,230) |  |  | 22,192 |
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | 90,025 |  |  | $ | 165,444 |  |  | $ | 187,282 |  |  | $ | (777,954) |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |  |  | $ | 1.61 |  |  | $ | (6.82) |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | (6.82) |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  | 112,921,070 |  |  | 114,383,289 |  |  | 112,337,984 |  |  | 114,229,928 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  | 141,761,084 |  |  | 147,099,079 |  |  | 141,139,212 |  |  | 114,229,928 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In Thousands) |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(Unaudited) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | 90,025 |  |  | $ | 165,444 |  |  | $ | 187,282 |  |  | $ | (777,954) |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities |  | 11,224 |  |  | 52,393 |  |  | 22,210 |  |  | (28,126) |
Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale securities to net income |  | (7,500) |  |  | 2,718 |  |  | (10,295) |  |  | (11,080) |
Net unrealized loss on interest rate agreements |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,806) |
Reclassification of unrealized loss on interest rate agreements to net income |  | 1,028 |  |  | 1,029 |  |  | 2,046 |  |  | 1,108 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 4,752 |  |  | 56,140 |  |  | 13,961 |  |  | (70,904) |
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | $ | 94,777 |  |  | $ | 221,584 |  |  | $ | 201,243 |  |  | $ | (848,858) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021

(In Thousands, except Share Data) |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Cumulative Earnings |  | Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders |  | Total
(Unaudited) |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2021 |  | 112,998,732 |  |  | $ | 1,130 |  |  | $ | 2,281,647 |  |  | $ | 4,988 |  |  | $ | 1,094,534 |  |  | $ | (2,166,724) |  |  | $ | 1,215,575 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 90,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 90,025 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,752 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,752 |
Employee stock purchase and incentive plans |  | 54,048 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 122 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |
Non-cash equity award compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,643 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,643 |
Common dividends declared ($0.18 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,976) |  |  | (20,976) |
June 30, 2021 |  | 113,052,780 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 2,287,412 |  |  | $ | 9,740 |  |  | $ | 1,184,559 |  |  | $ | (2,187,700) |  |  | $ | 1,295,142 |

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021

(In Thousands, except Share Data) |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Cumulative Earnings |  | Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders |  | Total
(Unaudited) |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2020 |  | 112,090,006 |  |  | $ | 1,121 |  |  | $ | 2,264,874 |  |  | $ | (4,221) |  |  | $ | 997,277 |  |  | $ | (2,148,152) |  |  | $ | 1,110,899 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 187,282 |  |  | — |  |  | 187,282 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,961 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,961 |
Issuance of common stock |  | 806,068 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 13,366 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,374 |
Employee stock purchase and incentive plans |  | 156,706 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (689) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (687) |
Non-cash equity award compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,861 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,861 |
Common dividends declared ($0.34 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39,548) |  |  | (39,548) |
June 30, 2021 |  | 113,052,780 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 2,287,412 |  |  | $ | 9,740 |  |  | $ | 1,184,559 |  |  | $ | (2,187,700) |  |  | $ | 1,295,142 |

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020

(In Thousands, except Share Data) |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Cumulative Earnings |  | Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders |  | Total
(Unaudited) |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2020 |  | 114,837,533 |  |  | $ | 1,148 |  |  | $ | 2,275,808 |  |  | $ | (85,531) |  |  | $ | 635,726 |  |  | $ | (2,101,949) |  |  | $ | 725,202 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 165,444 |  |  | — |  |  | 165,444 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,140 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,140 |
Employee stock purchase and incentive plans |  | 102,664 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (235) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (234) |
Non-cash equity award compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,052 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,052 |
Common dividends declared ($0.125 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,028) |  |  | (14,028) |
June 30, 2020 |  | 114,940,197 |  |  | $ | 1,149 |  |  | $ | 2,279,625 |  |  | $ | (29,391) |  |  | $ | 801,170 |  |  | $ | (2,115,977) |  |  | $ | 936,576 |

5

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020

(In Thousands, except Share Data) |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Cumulative Earnings |  | Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders |  | Total
(Unaudited) |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2019 |  | 114,353,036 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |  |  | $ | 2,269,617 |  |  | $ | 41,513 |  |  | $ | 1,579,124 |  |  | $ | (2,064,167) |  |  | $ | 1,827,231 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (777,954) |  |  | — |  |  | (777,954) |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (70,904) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (70,904) |
Issuance of common stock |  | 350,088 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5,544 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,547 |
Employee stock purchase and incentive plans |  | 237,073 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2,776) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,774) |
Non-cash equity award compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,240 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,240 |
Common dividends declared ($0.445 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (51,810) |  |  | (51,810) |
June 30, 2020 |  | 114,940,197 |  |  | $ | 1,149 |  |  | $ | 2,279,625 |  |  | $ | (29,391) |  |  | $ | 801,170 |  |  | $ | (2,115,977) |  |  | $ | 936,576 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands) (Unaudited) |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 187,282 |  |  | $ | (777,954) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Amortization of premiums, discounts, and securities issuance costs, net |  | 3,998 |  |  | 4,083 |
Depreciation and amortization of non-financial assets |  | 8,405 |  |  | 8,962 |
Originations of held-for-sale loans |  | (567,546) |  |  | (457,510) |
Purchases of held-for-sale loans |  | (6,682,864) |  |  | (2,720,245) |
Proceeds from sales of held-for-sale loans |  | 4,526,370 |  |  | 3,126,860 |
Principal payments on held-for-sale loans |  | 19,856 |  |  | 48,901 |
Net settlements of derivatives |  | 39,697 |  |  | (183,373) |
Non-cash equity award compensation expense |  | 9,861 |  |  | 7,240 |
Goodwill impairment expense |  | — |  |  | 88,675 |
Market valuation adjustments |  | (213,641) |  |  | 765,647 |
Realized gains, net |  | (11,100) |  |  | (29,817) |
Net change in: |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable and other assets |  | 10,260 |  |  | 254,368 |
Accrued interest payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | 17,327 |  |  | (80,219) |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  | (2,652,095) |  |  | 55,618 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |
Originations of loan investments |  | (348,389) |  |  | (263,544) |
Proceeds from sales of loan investments |  | 9,231 |  |  | 1,574,160 |
Principal payments on loan investments |  | 1,312,064 |  |  | 1,136,000 |
Purchases of real estate securities |  | (18,593) |  |  | (52,260) |
Sales of securities held in consolidated securitization trusts |  | 8,197 |  |  | 142,990 |
Proceeds from sales of real estate securities |  | 36,735 |  |  | 621,730 |
Principal payments on real estate securities |  | 29,786 |  |  | 16,405 |
Purchases of servicer advance investments |  | — |  |  | (179,419) |
Principal repayments from servicer advance investments |  | 45,838 |  |  | 75,478 |
Other investing activities, net |  | (5,025) |  |  | (11,139) |
Net cash provided by investing activities |  | 1,069,844 |  |  | 3,060,401 |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings on short-term debt |  | 6,604,603 |  |  | 3,655,530 |
Repayments on short-term debt |  | (5,421,494) |  |  | (5,322,519) |
Proceeds from issuance of asset-backed securities |  | 1,629,218 |  |  | 827,644 |
Repayments on asset-backed securities issued |  | (1,088,809) |  |  | (673,323) |
Proceeds from borrowings on long-term debt |  | 487,975 |  |  | 944,282 |
Repayments on long-term debt |  | (654,893) |  |  | (2,128,805) |
Net settlements of derivatives |  | — |  |  | (84,336) |
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock |  | 255 |  |  | 5,707 |
Taxes paid on equity award distributions |  | (943) |  |  | (2,934) |
Dividends paid |  | (39,548) |  |  | (51,810) |
Other financing activities, net |  | (2,292) |  |  | (3,180) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 1,514,072 |  |  | (2,833,744) |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | (68,179) |  |  | 282,275 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period (1) |  | 544,450 |  |  | 290,833 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period (1) |  | $ | 476,271 |  |  | $ | 573,108 |

7

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

(In Thousands) (Unaudited) |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Supplemental Cash Flow Information: |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 198,364 |  |  | $ | 267,787 |
Taxes |  | 19,183 |  |  | 209 |
Supplemental Noncash Information: |  |  |  |
Real estate securities retained from loan securitizations |  | $ | 9,374 |  |  | $ | 46,560 |
Deconsolidation of multifamily loans held in securitization trusts |  | — |  |  | (3,849,779) |
Deconsolidation of multifamily ABS |  | — |  |  | (3,706,789) |
Transfers from loans held-for-sale to loans held-for-investment |  | 1,998,535 |  |  | 706,775 |
Transfers from loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale |  | 44,922 |  |  | — |
Transfers from residential loans to real estate owned |  | 15,827 |  |  | 9,645 |
Transfers from long-term debt to short-term debt |  | 47,994 |  |  | — |
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability |  | 1,135 |  |  | 5,362 |
Issuance of common stock for 5 Arches acquisition |  | 13,375 |  |  | 3,375 |

(1) Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at June 30, 2021 includes cash and cash equivalents of $421 million and restricted cash of $55 million, and at December 31, 2020 includes cash and cash equivalents of $461 million and restricted cash of $83 million.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
8

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Organization
Redwood Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is a specialty finance company focused on several distinct areas of housing credit. Our operating platforms occupy a unique position in the housing finance value chain, providing liquidity to growing segments of the U.S. housing market not served by government programs. We deliver customized housing credit investments to a diverse mix of investors, through our best-in-class securitization platforms; whole-loan distribution activities; and our publicly-traded shares. Our consolidated investment portfolio has evolved to incorporate a diverse mix of residential, business purpose and multifamily investments. Our goal is to provide attractive returns to shareholders through a stable and growing stream of earnings and dividends, capital appreciation, and a commitment to technological innovation that facilitates risk-minded scale. We operate our business in three segments: Residential Lending, Business Purpose Lending, and Third-Party Investments.
Our primary sources of income are net interest income from our investments and non-interest income from our mortgage banking activities. Net interest income primarily consists of the interest income we earn on investments less the interest expense we incur on borrowed funds and other liabilities. Income from mortgage banking activities is generated through the origination and acquisition of loans, and their subsequent sale, securitization, or transfer to our investment portfolios.
Redwood Trust, Inc. has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1994. We generally refer, collectively, to Redwood Trust, Inc. and those of its subsidiaries that are not subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as “the REIT” or “our REIT.” We generally refer to subsidiaries of Redwood Trust, Inc. that are subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as “our taxable REIT subsidiaries” or “TRS.”
Redwood was incorporated in the State of Maryland on April 11, 1994, and commenced operations on August 19, 1994. References herein to “Redwood,” the “company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” include Redwood Trust, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements presented herein are at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in our annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") — as prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) — have been condensed or omitted in these interim financial statements according to these SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures included in these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments to present fairly the financial condition of the Company at June 30, 2021 and results of operations for all periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 should not be construed as indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
9

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 2. Basis of Presentation - (continued)
Principles of Consolidation
In accordance with GAAP, we determine whether we must consolidate transferred financial assets and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for financial reporting purposes. We currently consolidate the assets and liabilities of certain Sequoia securitization entities issued prior to 2012 ("Legacy Sequoia"), certain entities formed in connection with the securitization of Redwood Choice expanded-prime loans and, beginning in the second quarter of 2021, Redwood Select loans ("Sequoia"), and entities formed in connection with the securitization of CoreVest single-family rental loans ("CAFL"). We also consolidate the assets and liabilities of certain Freddie Mac K-Series and Freddie Mac Seasoned Loans Structured Transaction ("SLST") securitizations in which we have invested. Each securitization entity is independent of Redwood and of each other and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of Redwood Trust, Inc. Our exposure to these entities is primarily through the financial interests we have purchased or retained, although for the consolidated Sequoia and CAFL entities we are exposed to certain financial risks associated with our role as a sponsor, servicing administrator, or depositor of these entities or as a result of our having sold assets directly or indirectly to these entities.
For financial reporting purposes, the underlying loans owned at the consolidated Sequoia and Freddie Mac SLST entities are shown under Residential loans held-for-investment at fair value, the underlying loans at the consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entity are shown under Multifamily loans held-for-investment at fair value, and the underlying single-family rental loans at the consolidated CAFL entities are shown under Business purpose loans held-for-investment at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. The asset-backed securities (“ABS”) issued to third parties by these entities are shown under ABS issued. In our consolidated statements of income (loss), we recorded interest income on the loans owned at these entities and interest expense on the ABS issued by these entities as well as other income and expenses associated with these entities' activities. See Note 14 for further discussion on ABS issued.
We also consolidate two partnerships ("Servicing Investment" entities) through which we have invested in servicing-related assets. We maintain an 80% ownership interest in each entity and have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of these partnerships.
See Note 4 for further discussion on principles of consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires us to make a number of significant estimates. These include estimates of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, amounts and timing of credit losses, prepayment rates, and other estimates that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during the reported periods. It is likely that changes in these estimates (e.g., valuation changes due to supply and demand, credit performance, prepayments, interest rates, or other reasons) will occur in the near term. Our estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from our estimates and the differences could be material.
Acquisitions
Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for additional information regarding the acquisitions of 5 Arches, LLC ("5 Arches") and CoreVest American Finance Lender, LLC and certain affiliated entities ("CoreVest"), including purchase price allocations.
10

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 2. Basis of Presentation - (continued)
In connection with the acquisitions of 5 Arches and CoreVest in 2019, we identified and recorded finite-lived intangible assets totaling $25 million and $57 million, respectively. The table below presents the amortization period and carrying value of our intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization at June 30, 2021.
Table 2.1 – Intangible Assets – Activity

|  | Intangible Assets at Acquisition |  | Accumulated Amortization at June 30, 2021 |  | Carrying Value at June 30, 2021 |  | Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years)
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |
Borrower network |  | $ | 45,300 |  |  | $ | (11,055) |  |  | $ | 34,245 |  |  | 7
Broker network |  | 18,100 |  |  | (8,447) |  |  | 9,653 |  |  | 5
Non-compete agreements |  | 9,500 |  |  | (6,014) |  |  | 3,486 |  |  | 3
Tradenames |  | 4,000 |  |  | (2,528) |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | 3
Developed technology |  | 1,800 |  |  | (1,537) |  |  | 263 |  |  | 2
Loan administration fees on existing loan assets |  | 2,600 |  |  | (2,600) |  |  | — |  |  | 1
Total |  | $ | 81,300 |  |  | $ | (32,181) |  |  | $ | 49,119 |  |  | 6

All of our intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis. For each of the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we recorded intangible asset amortization expense of $8 million. Estimated future amortization expense is summarized in the table below.
Table 2.2 – Intangible Asset Amortization Expense by Year

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | June 30, 2021
2021 (6 months) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,558 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  | 12,800 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  | 10,091 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  | 7,073 |
2025 and thereafter |  |  |  |  |  | 11,597 |
Total Future Intangible Asset Amortization |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 49,119 |

On a quarterly basis, we evaluate our finite-lived intangible assets for impairment indicators and additionally evaluate the useful lives of our intangible assets to determine if revisions to the remaining periods of amortization are warranted. We reviewed our finite-lived intangible assets and determined that the estimated lives were appropriate and that there were no indicators of impairment at June 30, 2021.
A liability resulting from the contingent consideration arrangement with 5 Arches was initially recorded in 2019 at its acquisition-date fair value as part of total consideration for the acquisition of 5 Arches. During the first quarter of 2021, we distributed 806,068 shares of Redwood common stock and paid $1 million in cash in full settlement of the remaining deferred consideration associated with this acquisition.
Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Significant Accounting Policies
Included in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 is a summary of our significant accounting policies. Provided below is a summary of additional accounting policies that are significant to the company's consolidated financial position and results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
11

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - (continued)
Other Investments
Strategic Investments
We have made and may make additional strategic investments in companies through our RWT Horizons venture investment strategy or at a corporate level. These investments can take the form of equity or debt and often have conversion features. Depending on the terms of the investments, we may account for these investments under the fair value option or as non-marketable equity securities under the equity method of accounting or the measurement alternative (to the extent they do not have a “readily determinable fair value,” or are not traded in a verifiable public market or are restricted for sale in the public market by a restricted stock legend or otherwise).
Investments accounted for under the fair value option are carried at fair value with periodic changes in value recorded through Investment fair value changes on our consolidated statements of income (loss). For non-marketable securities, we utilize the equity method of accounting when we are able to exert significant influence over but do not control the activities of the investee. Under the equity method of accounting, we generally elect to record our share of earnings or losses from equity method investments on a one-quarter lag and we assess our investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of our investment might not be recoverable. Income from equity method investments is recorded in Other income, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). Under the measurement alternative, the carrying value of our investment is measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Adjustments are determined primarily based on a market approach as of the transaction date and are recorded as a component of Other income, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Newly Adopted Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs")
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10, "Codification Improvements." This new guidance updates various codification topics by clarifying or improving disclosure requirements. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. We adopted this guidance, as required, in the first quarter of 2021, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-09, "Debt (Topic 470): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Release No. 33-10762." This new guidance aligns certain SEC paragraphs in the codification with new SEC rules issued in March 2020 related to changes to the disclosure requirements for registered debt securities. This new guidance became effective January 4, 2021. We adopted this guidance, as required, in the first quarter of 2021, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-08, "Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs." This new guidance clarifies that an entity should reevaluate whether a callable debt security is within the scope of paragraph 310-20-35-33 for each reporting period. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. We adopted this guidance, as required, in the first quarter of 2021, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, "Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)." This new guidance clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities, equity method investments, and certain forward contracts and purchased options. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We adopted this guidance, as required, in the first quarter of 2021, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes." This new guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We adopted this guidance, as required, in the first quarter of 2021, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
12

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - (continued)
Other Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, "Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)." This new guidance simplifies the accounting for convertible debt by reducing the number of accounting models to separately present certain conversion features in equity. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt this new guidance by the required date and do not anticipate that this update will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting." This new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope." This new guidance clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. This new guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard would have on our consolidated financial statements. Through June 30, 2021, we have not elected to apply the optional expedients and exceptions to any of our existing contracts, hedging relationships, or other transactions.
Balance Sheet Netting
Certain of our derivatives and short-term debt are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements. Under GAAP, in certain circumstances we may elect to present certain financial assets, liabilities and related collateral subject to master netting arrangements in a net position on our consolidated balance sheets. However, we do not report any of these financial assets or liabilities on a net basis, and instead present them on a gross basis on our consolidated balance sheets.
13

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - (continued)
The table below presents financial assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements categorized by financial instrument, together with corresponding financial instruments and corresponding collateral received or pledged at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 3.1 – Offsetting of Financial Assets, Liabilities, and Collateral

|  | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) |  | Gross Amounts Offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet (1) |  | Net Amount
June 30, 2021 (In Thousands) |  |  |  |  | Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral (Received) Pledged |
Assets (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate agreements |  | $ | 17,746 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,746 |  |  | $ | (957) |  |  | $ | (11,238) |  |  | $ | 5,551 |
TBAs |  | 2,064 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,064 |  |  | (478) |  |  | (1,393) |  |  | 193 |
Futures |  | 304 |  |  | — |  |  | 304 |  |  | (194) |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 20,114 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,114 |  |  | $ | (1,629) |  |  | $ | (12,631) |  |  | $ | 5,854 |
Liabilities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate agreements |  | $ | (957) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (957) |  |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
TBAs |  | (1,367) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,367) |  |  | 478 |  |  | 889 |  |  | — |
Futures |  | (194) |  |  | — |  |  | (194) |  |  | 194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loan warehouse debt |  | (1,049,144) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,049,144) |  |  | 1,049,144 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Security repurchase agreements |  | (80,938) |  |  | — |  |  | (80,938) |  |  | 80,938 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | (1,132,600) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,132,600) |  |  | $ | 1,131,711 |  |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | — |

14

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - (continued)

|  | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) |  | Gross Amounts Offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet (1) |  | Net Amount
December 31, 2020 (In Thousands) |  |  |  |  | Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral (Received) Pledged |
Assets (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate agreements |  | $ | 19,951 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,951 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7,769) |  |  | $ | 12,182 |
TBAs |  | 18,260 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,260 |  |  | (13,423) |  |  | (4,658) |  |  | 179 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 38,211 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,211 |  |  | $ | (13,423) |  |  | $ | (12,427) |  |  | $ | 12,361 |
Liabilities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TBAs |  | $ | (15,495) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (15,495) |  |  | $ | 13,423 |  |  | $ | 1,061 |  |  | $ | (1,011) |
Loan warehouse debt |  | (137,269) |  |  | — |  |  | (137,269) |  |  | 137,269 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Security repurchase agreements |  | (77,775) |  |  | — |  |  | (77,775) |  |  | 77,775 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | (230,539) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (230,539) |  |  | $ | 228,467 |  |  | $ | 1,061 |  |  | $ | (1,011) |

(1)Amounts presented in these columns are limited in total to the net amount of assets or liabilities presented in the prior column by instrument. In certain cases, there is excess cash collateral or financial assets we have pledged to a counterparty (which may, in certain circumstances, be a clearinghouse) that exceed the financial liabilities subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Additionally, in certain cases, counterparties may have pledged excess cash collateral to us that exceeds our corresponding financial assets. In each case, any of these excess amounts are excluded from the table although they are separately reported in our consolidated balance sheets as assets or liabilities, respectively.
(2)Interest rate agreements and TBAs are components of derivatives instruments on our consolidated balance sheets. Loan warehouse debt, which is secured by certain residential and business purpose loans, and security repurchase agreements are components of Short-term debt and Long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.
For each category of financial instrument set forth in the table above, the assets and liabilities resulting from individual transactions within that category between us and a counterparty are subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement with that counterparty that provides for individual transactions to be aggregated and treated as a single transaction. For certain categories of these instruments, some of our transactions are cleared and settled through one or more clearinghouses that are substituted as our counterparty. References herein to master netting arrangements or similar agreements include the arrangements and agreements governing the clearing and settlement of these transactions through the clearinghouses. In the event of the termination and close-out of any of those transactions, the corresponding master netting agreement or similar agreement provides for settlement on a net basis. Any such settlement would include the proceeds of the liquidation of any corresponding collateral, subject to certain limitations on termination, settlement, and liquidation of collateral that may apply in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a party. Such limitations should not inhibit the eventual practical realization of the principal benefits of those transactions or the corresponding master netting arrangement or similar agreement and any corresponding collateral.
Note 4. Principles of Consolidation
GAAP requires us to consider whether securitizations we sponsor and other transfers of financial assets should be treated as sales or financings, as well as whether any VIEs that we hold variable interests in – for example, certain legal entities often used in securitization and other structured finance transactions – should be included in our consolidated financial statements. The GAAP principles we apply require us to reassess our requirement to consolidate VIEs each quarter and therefore our determination may change based upon new facts and circumstances pertaining to each VIE. This could result in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements during subsequent reporting periods.
15

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 4. Principles of Consolidation - (continued)
Analysis of Consolidated VIEs
At June 30, 2021, we consolidated Legacy Sequoia, Sequoia, CAFL, Freddie Mac SLST, and Freddie Mac K-Series securitization entities that we determined were VIEs and for which we determined we were the primary beneficiary. Each of these entities is independent of Redwood and of each other and the assets and liabilities of these entities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of ours. Our exposure to these entities is primarily through the financial interests we have retained, although for the consolidated Legacy Sequoia, Sequoia and CAFL entities we are exposed to certain financial risks associated with our role as a sponsor, servicing administrator, or depositor of these entities or as a result of our having sold assets directly or indirectly to these entities. At June 30, 2021, the estimated fair value of our investments in the consolidated Legacy Sequoia, Sequoia, CAFL, Freddie Mac SLST, and Freddie Mac K-Series entities was $4 million, $234 million, $272 million, $452 million, and $31 million, respectively.
We also consolidate two Servicing Investment entities formed to invest in servicing-related assets that we determined were VIEs and for which we determined we were the primary beneficiary. At June 30, 2021, we held an 80% ownership interest in, and were responsible for the management of, each entity. See Note 10 for a further description of these entities and the investments they hold and Note 12 for additional information on the minority partner’s interest. Additionally, we consolidated an entity that was formed to finance servicer advances that we determined was a VIE and for which we, through our control of one of the aforementioned partnerships, were the primary beneficiary. The servicer advance financing consists of non-recourse short-term securitization debt, secured by servicer advances. We consolidate the securitization entity, but the securitization entity is independent of Redwood and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of Redwood. See Note 13 for additional information on the servicer advance financing. At June 30, 2021, the estimated fair value of our investment in the Servicing Investment entities was $62 million.
The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of these VIEs.
Table 4.1 – Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs Accounted for as Collateralized Financing Entities

June 30, 2021 |  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | CAFL |  | Freddie Mac SLST |  | Freddie Mac K-Series |  | Servicing Investment |  | Total Consolidated VIEs
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, held-for-investment |  | $ | 260,875 |  |  | $ | 2,222,553 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,098,624 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,582,052 |
Business purpose loans, held-for-investment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,263,878 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,263,878 |
Multifamily loans, held-for-investment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 485,157 |  |  | — |  |  | 485,157 |
Other investments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 202,369 |  |  | 202,369 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,459 |  |  | 12,459 |
Restricted cash |  | 148 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,028 |  |  | 19,176 |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 258 |  |  | 7,559 |  |  | 13,102 |  |  | 6,325 |  |  | 1,326 |  |  | 1,606 |  |  | 30,176 |
Other assets |  | 659 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,596 |  |  | 1,636 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,277 |  |  | 21,168 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 261,940 |  |  | $ | 2,230,112 |  |  | $ | 3,289,576 |  |  | $ | 2,106,585 |  |  | $ | 486,483 |  |  | $ | 241,739 |  |  | $ | 8,616,435 |
Short-term debt |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 163,629 |  |  | $ | 163,629 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 124 |  |  | 5,521 |  |  | 10,183 |  |  | 4,490 |  |  | 1,200 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 21,612 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,360 |  |  | 16,360 |
Asset-backed securities issued |  | 258,211 |  |  | 1,990,548 |  |  | 3,007,596 |  |  | 1,650,087 |  |  | 454,324 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,360,766 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 258,335 |  |  | $ | 1,996,069 |  |  | $ | 3,017,779 |  |  | $ | 1,654,577 |  |  | $ | 455,524 |  |  | $ | 180,083 |  |  | $ | 7,562,367 |
Number of VIEs |  | 20 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 53 |

16

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 4. Principles of Consolidation - (continued)

December 31, 2020 |  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | CAFL |  | Freddie Mac SLST |  | Freddie Mac K-Series |  | Servicing Investment |  | Total Consolidated VIEs
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, held-for-investment |  | $ | 285,935 |  |  | $ | 1,565,322 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,221,153 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,072,410 |
Business purpose loans, held-for-investment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,249,194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,249,194 |
Multifamily loans, held-for-investment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 492,221 |  |  | — |  |  | 492,221 |
Other investments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 251,773 |  |  | 251,773 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,579 |  |  | 11,579 |
Restricted cash |  | 148 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,220 |  |  | 23,368 |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 305 |  |  | 6,802 |  |  | 13,055 |  |  | 6,754 |  |  | 1,337 |  |  | 2,334 |  |  | 30,587 |
Other assets |  | 638 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,930 |  |  | 646 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,723 |  |  | 9,937 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 287,026 |  |  | $ | 1,572,124 |  |  | $ | 3,265,179 |  |  | $ | 2,228,553 |  |  | $ | 493,558 |  |  | $ | 294,629 |  |  | $ | 8,141,069 |
Short-term debt |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 208,375 |  |  | $ | 208,375 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 141 |  |  | 4,697 |  |  | 10,278 |  |  | 4,846 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 21,274 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,353 |  |  | 18,403 |
Asset-backed securities issued |  | 282,326 |  |  | 1,347,357 |  |  | 3,013,093 |  |  | 1,793,620 |  |  | 463,966 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,900,362 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 282,467 |  |  | $ | 1,352,104 |  |  | $ | 3,023,371 |  |  | $ | 1,798,466 |  |  | $ | 465,143 |  |  | $ | 226,863 |  |  | $ | 7,148,414 |
Number of VIEs |  | 20 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 50 |

The following table presents income (loss) from these VIEs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 4.2 – Income (Loss) from Consolidated VIEs Accounted for as Collateralized Financing Entities

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
|  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | CAFL |  | Freddie Mac SLST |  | Freddie Mac K-Series |  | Servicing Investment |  | Total Consolidated VIEs
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 14,492 |  |  | $ | 54,849 |  |  | $ | 19,506 |  |  | $ | 4,860 |  |  | $ | 4,041 |  |  | $ | 98,917 |
Interest expense |  | (755) |  |  | (11,374) |  |  | (43,201) |  |  | (13,927) |  |  | (4,478) |  |  | (1,110) |  |  | (74,845) |
Net interest income |  | 414 |  |  | 3,118 |  |  | 11,648 |  |  | 5,579 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 2,931 |  |  | 24,072 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | (216) |  |  | 4,906 |  |  | 3,697 |  |  | 36,316 |  |  | 1,855 |  |  | (2,320) |  |  | 44,238 |
Total non-interest income, net |  | (216) |  |  | 4,906 |  |  | 3,697 |  |  | 36,316 |  |  | 1,855 |  |  | (2,320) |  |  | 44,238 |
General and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (52) |  |  | (52) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (112) |  |  | (112) |
Income from Consolidated VIEs |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 8,024 |  |  | $ | 15,345 |  |  | $ | 41,895 |  |  | $ | 2,237 |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | 68,146 |

17

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 4. Principles of Consolidation - (continued)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
|  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | CAFL |  | Freddie Mac SLST |  | Freddie Mac K-Series |  | Servicing Investment |  | Total Consolidated VIEs
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 2,517 |  |  | $ | 29,975 |  |  | $ | 103,722 |  |  | $ | 39,665 |  |  | $ | 9,646 |  |  | $ | 8,263 |  |  | $ | 193,788 |
Interest expense |  | (1,630) |  |  | (23,480) |  |  | (81,054) |  |  | (28,395) |  |  | (8,834) |  |  | (2,396) |  |  | (145,789) |
Net interest income |  | 887 |  |  | 6,495 |  |  | 22,668 |  |  | 11,270 |  |  | 812 |  |  | 5,867 |  |  | 47,999 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | (915) |  |  | 9,804 |  |  | 3,411 |  |  | 40,433 |  |  | 10,776 |  |  | (3,566) |  |  | 59,943 |
Total non-interest income, net |  | (915) |  |  | 9,804 |  |  | 3,411 |  |  | 40,433 |  |  | 10,776 |  |  | (3,566) |  |  | 59,943 |
General and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (90) |  |  | (90) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (442) |  |  | (442) |
Income (Loss) from Consolidated VIEs |  | $ | (28) |  |  | $ | 16,299 |  |  | $ | 26,079 |  |  | $ | 51,703 |  |  | $ | 11,588 |  |  | $ | 1,769 |  |  | $ | 107,410 |

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
|  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | CAFL |  | Freddie Mac SLST |  | Freddie Mac K-Series |  | Servicing Investment |  | Total Consolidated VIEs
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 2,685 |  |  | $ | 22,564 |  |  | $ | 32,978 |  |  | $ | 21,187 |  |  | $ | 4,870 |  |  | $ | 4,540 |  |  | $ | 88,824 |
Interest expense |  | (1,518) |  |  | (19,117) |  |  | (24,446) |  |  | (15,846) |  |  | (4,380) |  |  | (1,797) |  |  | (67,104) |
Net interest income |  | 1,167 |  |  | 3,447 |  |  | 8,532 |  |  | 5,341 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 2,743 |  |  | 21,720 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | (230) |  |  | 39,752 |  |  | 16,313 |  |  | 26,866 |  |  | 1,599 |  |  | 3,291 |  |  | 87,591 |
Total non-interest income, net |  | (230) |  |  | 39,752 |  |  | 16,313 |  |  | 26,866 |  |  | 1,599 |  |  | 3,291 |  |  | 87,591 |
General and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (712) |  |  | (712) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,065) |  |  | (1,065) |
Income from Consolidated VIEs |  | $ | 937 |  |  | $ | 43,199 |  |  | $ | 24,845 |  |  | $ | 32,207 |  |  | $ | 2,089 |  |  | $ | 4,257 |  |  | $ | 107,534 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
|  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | CAFL |  | Freddie Mac SLST |  | Freddie Mac K-Series |  | Servicing Investment |  | Total Consolidated VIEs
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 5,879 |  |  | $ | 47,647 |  |  | $ | 62,988 |  |  | $ | 43,173 |  |  | $ | 45,042 |  |  | $ | 8,623 |  |  | $ | 213,352 |
Interest expense |  | (4,040) |  |  | (40,627) |  |  | (46,385) |  |  | (32,022) |  |  | (42,728) |  |  | (3,374) |  |  | (169,176) |
Net interest income |  | 1,839 |  |  | 7,020 |  |  | 16,603 |  |  | 11,151 |  |  | 2,314 |  |  | 5,249 |  |  | 44,176 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | (621) |  |  | (29,916) |  |  | (51,533) |  |  | (115,295) |  |  | (84,910) |  |  | (8,593) |  |  | (290,868) |
Total non-interest income, net |  | (621) |  |  | (29,916) |  |  | (51,533) |  |  | (115,295) |  |  | (84,910) |  |  | (8,593) |  |  | (290,868) |
General and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (743) |  |  | (743) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 817 |  |  | 817 |
Income (Loss) from Consolidated VIEs |  | $ | 1,218 |  |  | $ | (22,896) |  |  | $ | (34,930) |  |  | $ | (104,144) |  |  | $ | (82,596) |  |  | $ | (3,270) |  |  | $ | (246,618) |

We consolidate the assets and liabilities of certain Sequoia and CAFL securitization entities, as we did not meet the GAAP sale criteria at the time we transferred financial assets to these entities. Our involvement in consolidated Sequoia and CAFL entities continues in the following ways: (i) we continue to hold subordinate investments in each entity, and for certain entities, more senior investments; (ii) we maintain certain discretionary rights associated with our sponsorship of, or our subordinate investments in, each entity; and (iii) we continue to hold a right to call the assets of certain entities (once they have been paid down below a specified threshold) at a price equal to, or in excess of, the current outstanding principal amount of the entity’s asset-backed securities issued. These factors have resulted in our continuing to consolidate the assets and liabilities of these Sequoia and CAFL entities in accordance with GAAP.
18

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 4. Principles of Consolidation - (continued)
We consolidate the assets and liabilities of certain Freddie Mac K-Series and SLST securitization trusts resulting from our investment in subordinate securities issued by these trusts, and in the case of certain CAFL securitizations, resulting from securities acquired through our acquisition of CoreVest. Additionally, we consolidate the assets and liabilities of Servicing Investment entities from our investment in servicer advance investments and excess MSRs. In each case, we maintain certain discretionary rights associated with the ownership of these investments that we determined reflected a controlling financial interest, as we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs and the right to receive benefits of and the obligation to absorb losses from the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs.
During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we called one of our consolidated CAFL entities and repaid the associated ABS issued. In association with this call, we transferred $45 million (unpaid principal balance) of loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale.
During 2020, we re-securitized subordinate securities we owned in our consolidated Freddie Mac SLST securitization trusts, through the transfer of these financial assets to a re-securitization trust that we sponsored. We retain a subordinate investment in the re-securitization trust and maintain certain discretionary rights associated with the ownership of this investment that we determined reflected a controlling financial interest in the entity, as we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIE and the right to receive benefits of and the obligation to absorb losses from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
Analysis of Unconsolidated VIEs with Continuing Involvement
Since 2012, we have transferred residential loans to 52 Sequoia securitization entities sponsored by us that are still outstanding as of June 30, 2021, and accounted for these transfers as sales for financial reporting purposes, in accordance with ASC 860. We also determined we were not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs as we lacked the power to direct the activities that will have the most significant economic impact on the entities. For certain of these transfers to securitization entities, for the transferred loans where we held the servicing rights prior to the transfer and continued to hold the servicing rights following the transfer, we recorded mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") on our consolidated balance sheets, and classified those MSRs as Level 3 assets. We also retained senior and subordinate securities in these securitizations that we classified as Level 3 assets. Our continuing involvement in these securitizations is limited to customary servicing obligations associated with retaining servicing rights (which we retain a third-party sub-servicer to perform) and the receipt of interest income associated with the securities we retained.
During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we called three of our unconsolidated Sequoia entities, and purchased $83 million (unpaid principal balance) of loans from the securitization trusts. In association with these calls, we realized a $7 million gain on the securities we owned from these called securitizations, which was recognized through Realized gains, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we called four of our unconsolidated Sequoia entities, and purchased $101 million (unpaid principal balance) of loans from the securitization trusts. In association with these calls, we realized a $9 million gain on the securities we owned from these called securitizations, which was recognized through Realized gains, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). At June 30, 2021, we held $97 million of loans for sale at fair value that were acquired following the calls.
The following table presents information related to securitization transactions that occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 4.3 – Securitization Activity Related to Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Principal balance of loans transferred |  | $ | 355,924 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,231,803 |  |  | $ | 1,573,703 |
Trading securities retained, at fair value |  | 1,225 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,774 |  |  | 43,362 |
AFS securities retained, at fair value |  | 522 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,600 |  |  | 3,198 |

19

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 4. Principles of Consolidation - (continued)
The following table summarizes the cash flows during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 between us and the unconsolidated VIEs sponsored by us and accounted for as sales since 2012.
Table 4.4 – Cash Flows Related to Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Proceeds from new transfers |  | $ | 361,673 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,266,063 |  |  | $ | 1,610,761 |
MSR fees received |  | 1,336 |  |  | 2,475 |  |  | 2,943 |  |  | 5,165 |
Funding of compensating interest, net |  | (70) |  |  | (205) |  |  | (170) |  |  | (297) |
Cash flows received on retained securities |  | 16,764 |  |  | 6,788 |  |  | 25,393 |  |  | 13,369 |

The following table presents the key weighted-average assumptions used to value securities retained at the date of securitization for securitizations completed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 4.5 – Assumptions Related to Assets Retained from Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
At Date of Securitization |  |  |  | Senior IO Securities |  | Subordinate Securities |  |  |  | Senior IO Securities |  | Subordinate Securities
Prepayment rates |  |  |  | 8 % |  | 8 % |  |  |  | N/A |  | N/A
Discount rates |  |  |  | 15 % |  | 7 % |  |  |  | N/A |  | N/A
Credit loss assumptions |  |  |  | 0.25 % |  | 0.25 % |  |  |  | N/A |  | N/A

|  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
At Date of Securitization |  |  |  | Senior IO Securities |  | Subordinate Securities |  |  |  | Senior IO Securities |  | Subordinate Securities
Prepayment rates |  |  |  | 11 | % |  | 11 % |  |  |  | 41 | % |  | 13 | %
Discount rates |  |  |  | 15 % |  | 6 % |  |  |  | 16 | % |  | 6 | %
Credit loss assumptions |  |  |  | 0.23 % |  | 0.23 % |  |  |  | 0.21 | % |  | 0.22 | %

20

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 4. Principles of Consolidation - (continued)
The following table presents additional information at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, related to unconsolidated VIEs sponsored by Redwood and accounted for as sales since 2012.
Table 4.6 – Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
On-balance sheet assets, at fair value: |  |  |  |
Interest-only, senior and subordinate securities, classified as trading |  | $ | 20,527 |  |  | $ | 20,982 |
Subordinate securities, classified as AFS |  | 140,321 |  |  | 136,475 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  | 6,496 |  |  | 8,413 |
Maximum loss exposure (1) |  | $ | 167,344 |  |  | $ | 165,870 |
Assets transferred: |  |  |  |
Principal balance of loans outstanding |  | $ | 6,326,188 |  |  | $ | 7,728,432 |
Principal balance of loans 30+ days delinquent |  | 58,362 |  |  | 138,029 |

(1)Maximum loss exposure from our involvement with unconsolidated VIEs pertains to the carrying value of our securities and MSRs retained from these VIEs and represents estimated losses that would be incurred under severe, hypothetical circumstances, such as if the value of our interests and any associated collateral declines to zero. This does not include, for example, any potential exposure to representation and warranty claims associated with our initial transfer of loans into a securitization.
The following table presents key economic assumptions for assets retained from unconsolidated VIEs and the sensitivity of their fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 4.7 – Key Assumptions and Sensitivity Analysis for Assets Retained from Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

June 30, 2021 |  | MSRs |  | Senior Securities (1) |  | Subordinate Securities
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |
Fair value at June 30, 2021 |  | $ | 6,496 |  |  | $ | 20,527 |  |  | $ | 140,321 |
Expected life (in years) (2) |  | 2 |  | 4 |  | 8
Prepayment speed assumption (annual CPR) (2) |  | 38 % |  | 25 | % |  | 33 %
Decrease in fair value from: |  |  |  |  |  |
10% adverse change |  | $ | 613 |  |  | $ | 1,374 |  |  | $ | 238 |
25% adverse change |  | 1,422 |  |  | 3,120 |  |  | 440 |
Discount rate assumption (2) |  | 12 % |  | 18 | % |  | 3.5 | %
Decrease in fair value from: |  |  |  |  |  |
100 basis point increase |  | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | 462 |  |  | $ | 10,058 |
200 basis point increase |  | 271 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 19,174 |
Credit loss assumption (2) |  | N/A |  | 0.39 | % |  | 0.39 | %
Decrease in fair value from: |  |  |  |  |  |
10% higher losses |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,671 |
25% higher losses |  | N/A |  | — |  |  | 6,384 |

21

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 4. Principles of Consolidation - (continued)

December 31, 2020 |  | MSRs |  | Senior Securities (1) |  | Subordinate Securities
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |
Fair value at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 8,413 |  |  | $ | 17,333 |  |  | $ | 140,124 |
Expected life (in years) (2) |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 8
Prepayment speed assumption (annual CPR) (2) |  | 37 | % |  | 31 | % |  | 33 | %
Decrease in fair value from: |  |  |  |  |  |
10% adverse change |  | $ | 906 |  |  | $ | 1,557 |  |  | $ | 452 |
25% adverse change |  | 2,058 |  |  | 3,754 |  |  | 2,298 |
Discount rate assumption (2) |  | 12 | % |  | 21 | % |  | 5 | %
Decrease in fair value from: |  |  |  |  |  |
100 basis point increase |  | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 337 |  |  | $ | 9,769 |
200 basis point increase |  | 380 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 18,650 |
Credit loss assumption (2) |  | N/A |  | 0.41 | % |  | 0.41 | %
Decrease in fair value from: |  |  |  |  |  |
10% higher losses |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,409 |
25% higher losses |  | N/A |  | — |  |  | 5,915 |

(1)Senior securities included $21 million and $17 million of interest-only securities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2)Expected life, prepayment speed assumption, discount rate assumption, and credit loss assumption presented in the tables above represent weighted averages.
Analysis of Unconsolidated Third-Party VIEs
Third-party VIEs are securitization entities in which we maintain an economic interest, but do not sponsor. Our economic interest may include several securities and other investments from the same third-party VIE, and in those cases, the analysis is performed in consideration of all of our interests. The following table presents a summary of our interests in third-party VIEs at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, grouped by asset type.
Table 4.8 – Third-Party Sponsored VIE Summary

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Mortgage-Backed Securities |  |  |  |
Senior |  | $ | 4,740 |  |  | $ | 11,131 |
Mezzanine |  | — |  |  | 2,014 |
Subordinate |  | 189,298 |  |  | 173,523 |
Total Mortgage-Backed Securities |  | 194,038 |  |  | 186,668 |
Excess MSR |  | 12,170 |  |  | 14,133 |
Total Investments in Third-Party Sponsored VIEs |  | $ | 206,208 |  |  | $ | 200,801 |

We determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of these third-party VIEs, as we do not have the required power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these entities. Specifically, we do not service or manage these entities or otherwise solely hold decision making powers that are significant. As a result of this assessment, we do not consolidate any of the underlying assets and liabilities of these third-party VIEs – we only account for our specific interests in them.
Our assessments of whether we are required to consolidate a VIE may change in subsequent reporting periods based upon changing facts and circumstances pertaining to each VIE. Any related accounting changes could result in a material impact to our financial statements.
22

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
For financial reporting purposes, we follow a fair value hierarchy established under GAAP that is used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. This hierarchy prioritizes relevant market inputs in order to determine an “exit price” at the measurement date, or the price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be transferred in an orderly process that is not a forced liquidation or distressed sale. Level 1 inputs are observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices for an asset or liability that are obtained through corroboration with observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs (e.g., our own data or assumptions) that are used when there is little, if any, relevant market activity for the asset or liability required to be measured at fair value.
In certain cases, inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level at which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability being measured.
23

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments - (continued)
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 5.1 – Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

|  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
|  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, held-for-sale at fair value |  | $ | 1,160,513 |  |  | $ | 1,160,513 |  |  | $ | 176,604 |  |  | $ | 176,604 |
Residential loans, held-for-investment |  | 4,582,052 |  |  | 4,582,052 |  |  | 4,072,410 |  |  | 4,072,410 |
Business purpose loans, held-for-sale |  | 418,442 |  |  | 418,442 |  |  | 245,394 |  |  | 245,394 |
Business purpose loans, held-for-investment |  | 3,990,447 |  |  | 3,990,447 |  |  | 3,890,959 |  |  | 3,890,959 |
Multifamily loans |  | 485,157 |  |  | 485,157 |  |  | 492,221 |  |  | 492,221 |
Real estate securities |  | 354,886 |  |  | 354,886 |  |  | 344,125 |  |  | 344,125 |
Servicer advance investments (1) |  | 184,551 |  |  | 184,551 |  |  | 231,489 |  |  | 231,489 |
MSRs (1) |  | 8,721 |  |  | 8,721 |  |  | 8,815 |  |  | 8,815 |
Excess MSRs (1) |  | 29,988 |  |  | 29,988 |  |  | 34,418 |  |  | 34,418 |
Shared home appreciation options (1) |  | 44,319 |  |  | 44,319 |  |  | 42,440 |  |  | 42,440 |
Other financial instruments (2) |  | 28,556 |  |  | 28,556 |  |  | 10,203 |  |  | 10,203 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 421,223 |  |  | 421,223 |  |  | 461,260 |  |  | 461,260 |
Restricted cash |  | 55,048 |  |  | 55,048 |  |  | 83,190 |  |  | 83,190 |
Derivative assets |  | 34,305 |  |  | 34,305 |  |  | 53,238 |  |  | 53,238 |
REO (3) |  | 15,489 |  |  | 17,718 |  |  | 8,413 |  |  | 9,229 |
Margin receivable (3) |  | 10,269 |  |  | 10,269 |  |  | 4,758 |  |  | 4,758 |
FHLBC stock (3) |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 5,000 |
Pledged collateral (3) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 1,177 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt |  | $ | 1,484,999 |  |  | $ | 1,484,999 |  |  | $ | 522,609 |  |  | $ | 522,609 |
Margin payable (4) |  | 19,503 |  |  | 19,503 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Guarantee obligation (4) |  | 8,446 |  |  | 5,932 |  |  | 10,039 |  |  | 7,843 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 3,240 |  |  | 3,240 |  |  | 16,072 |  |  | 16,072 |
ABS issued, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value |  | 7,360,766 |  |  | 7,360,766 |  |  | 6,900,362 |  |  | 6,900,362 |
Amortized cost |  | 176,231 |  |  | 180,080 |  |  | 200,299 |  |  | 204,892 |
Other long-term debt, net (5) |  | 833,272 |  |  | 834,214 |  |  | 774,726 |  |  | 783,570 |
Convertible notes, net (5) |  | 512,339 |  |  | 531,473 |  |  | 511,085 |  |  | 499,865 |
Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes, net (5) |  | 138,697 |  |  | 87,188 |  |  | 138,674 |  |  | 80,910 |

(1)These investments are included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Includes equity, debt, and loan investments included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets.
(3)These assets are included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
(4)These liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
(5)These liabilities are included in Long-term debt, net on our consolidated balance sheets.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we elected the fair value option for $4 million and $26 million of securities, respectively, $3.48 billion and $6.58 billion of residential loans (principal balance), respectively, and $527 million and $914 million of business purpose loans (principal balance), respectively. Additionally, during the three months ended June 30, 2021, we elected the fair value option for $2 million of MSRs and $2 million of other financial instruments. We anticipate electing the fair value option for all future purchases of residential and business purpose loans that we intend to sell to third parties or transfer to securitizations, for business purpose bridge loans we hold for investment, as well as for MSRs retained from sales of residential loans, and for certain securities we purchase, including IO securities and fixed-rate securities rated investment grade or higher.
24

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments - (continued)
The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, as well as the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs used to measure fair value.
Table 5.2 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

June 30, 2021 |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans |  | $ | 5,742,565 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,742,565 |
Business purpose loans |  | 4,408,889 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,408,889 |
Multifamily loans |  | 485,157 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 485,157 |
Real estate securities |  | 354,886 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 354,886 |
Servicer advance investments |  | 184,551 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 184,551 |
MSRs |  | 8,721 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,721 |
Excess MSRs |  | 29,988 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,988 |
Shared home appreciation options |  | 44,319 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,319 |
Derivative assets |  | 34,305 |  |  | 2,368 |  |  | 17,746 |  |  | 14,191 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 3,240 |  |  | $ | 1,561 |  |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 722 |
ABS issued |  | 7,360,766 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,360,766 |

December 31, 2020 |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans |  | $ | 4,249,014 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,249,014 |
Business purpose loans |  | 4,136,353 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,136,353 |
Multifamily loans |  | 492,221 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 492,221 |
Real estate securities |  | 344,125 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 344,125 |
Servicer advance investments |  | 231,489 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 231,489 |
MSRs |  | 8,815 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,815 |
Excess MSRs |  | 34,418 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,418 |
Shared home appreciation options |  | 42,440 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,440 |
Derivative assets |  | 53,238 |  |  | 18,260 |  |  | 19,951 |  |  | 15,027 |
Pledged collateral |  | 1,177 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
FHLBC stock |  | 5,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 16,072 |  |  | $ | 15,495 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 577 |
ABS issued |  | 6,900,362 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,900,362 |

25

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments - (continued)
The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 5.3 – Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

|  | Assets |  |  |  |
|  | Residential Loans |  | Business Purpose Loans |  | Multifamily Loans |  | Trading Securities |  | AFS Securities |  | Servicer Advance Investments |  | MSRs |  | Excess MSRs |  | Shared Home Appreciation Options |  |  |  |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance - December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 4,249,014 |  |  | $ | 4,136,353 |  |  | $ | 492,221 |  |  | $ | 125,667 |  |  | $ | 218,458 |  |  | $ | 231,489 |  |  | $ | 8,815 |  |  | $ | 34,418 |  |  | $ | 42,440 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisitions |  | 6,684,292 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,367 |  |  | 1,600 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,283 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Originations |  | — |  |  | 913,704 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Sales |  | (4,531,811) |  |  | (9,231) |  |  | — |  |  | (31,949) |  |  | (4,785) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Principal paydowns |  | (727,627) |  |  | (599,889) |  |  | (3,806) |  |  | (807) |  |  | (28,979) |  |  | (45,838) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,516) |  |  |  |  |
Gains (losses) in net income (loss), net |  | 70,184 |  |  | (17,835) |  |  | (3,258) |  |  | 23,147 |  |  | 14,172 |  |  | (1,100) |  |  | (2,251) |  |  | (4,430) |  |  | 7,395 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized losses in OCI, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,995 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Other settlements, net (1) |  | (1,487) |  |  | (14,213) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (126) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance - June 30, 2021 |  | $ | 5,742,565 |  |  | $ | 4,408,889 |  |  | $ | 485,157 |  |  | $ | 142,425 |  |  | $ | 212,461 |  |  | $ | 184,551 |  |  | $ | 8,721 |  |  | $ | 29,988 |  |  | $ | 44,319 |  |  |  |  |

Table 5.3 – Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (continued)

|  |  |  |  | Liabilities
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Derivatives (2) |  | ABS Issued
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance - December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,450 |  |  | $ | 6,900,362 |
Acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,629,218 |
Principal paydowns |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1,055,541) |
Gains (losses) in net income (loss), net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (197) |  |  | (113,273) |
Other settlements, net (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (784) |  |  | — |
Ending balance - June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,469 |  |  | $ | 7,360,766 |

(1) Other settlements, net for residential and business purpose loans represents the transfer of loans to REO, and for derivatives, the settlement of forward sale commitments and the transfer of the fair value of loan purchase or interest rate lock commitments at the time loans are acquired to the basis of residential and single-family rental loans.
(2) For the purpose of this presentation, derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of loan purchase commitments and interest rate lock commitments, are presented on a net basis.
26

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments - (continued)
The following table presents the portion of gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income (loss) that were attributable to Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and held at June 30, 2021 and 2020. Gains or losses incurred on assets or liabilities sold, matured, called, or fully written down during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are not included in this presentation.
Table 5.4 – Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held at June 30, 2021 and 2020 Included in Net Income

|  | Included in Net Income
|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans at Redwood |  | $ | 14,130 |  |  | $ | (359) |  |  | $ | 10,481 |  |  | $ | (746) |
Business purpose loans |  | 28,404 |  |  | 31,187 |  |  | 40,003 |  |  | (21,026) |
Net investments in consolidated Sequoia entities (1) |  | 4,693 |  |  | 39,558 |  |  | 8,893 |  |  | (30,502) |
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities (1) |  | 36,137 |  |  | 26,867 |  |  | 40,225 |  |  | (115,295) |
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entity (1) |  | 1,855 |  |  | 1,599 |  |  | 10,776 |  |  | (13,180) |
Net investments in consolidated CAFL entities (1) |  | 2,908 |  |  | 17,125 |  |  | 2,556 |  |  | (50,721) |
Trading securities |  | 1,772 |  |  | 30,647 |  |  | 2,262 |  |  | (79,633) |
Servicer advance investments |  | (940) |  |  | (136) |  |  | (1,100) |  |  | (6,198) |
MSRs |  | (330) |  |  | (1,591) |  |  | 273 |  |  | (16,507) |
Excess MSRs |  | (2,477) |  |  | 2,971 |  |  | (4,430) |  |  | (6,523) |
Shared home appreciation options |  | 2,080 |  |  | 884 |  |  | 7,395 |  |  | (6,670) |
Loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments |  | 14,550 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 14,171 |  |  | 357 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan purchase commitments |  | $ | (696) |  |  | $ | 2,137 |  |  | $ | (724) |  |  | $ | (1,634) |

(1) Represents the portion of net gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income (loss) related to loans and the associated ABS issued at our consolidated securitization entities held at June 30, 2021 and 2020, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs, excluding REO.
The following table presents information on assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2021. This table does not include the carrying value and gains or losses associated with the asset types below that were not recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2021.
Table 5.5 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at June 30, 2021

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gain (Loss) for
June 30, 2021 |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In Thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
REO |  | $ | 1,233 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,233 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | (7) |

The following table presents the net market valuation gains and losses recorded in each line item of our consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
27

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments - (continued)
Table 5.6 – Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Mortgage Banking Activities, Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans held-for-sale, at fair value |  | $ | 24,988 |  |  | $ | (2,014) |  |  | $ | 48,100 |  |  | $ | (15,494) |
Residential loan purchase and forward sale commitments |  | 51,919 |  |  | 621 |  |  | (466) |  |  | 22,056 |
Single-family rental loans held-for-sale, at fair value |  | 25,222 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 35,470 |  |  | 12,677 |
Single-family rental loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments |  | 744 |  |  | — |  |  | 744 |  |  | 341 |
Bridge loans |  | 2,225 |  |  | (1,260) |  |  | 3,269 |  |  | (5,194) |
Trading securities (1) |  | (1,095) |  |  | — |  |  | (374) |  |  | — |
Risk management derivatives, net |  | (58,244) |  |  | — |  |  | 34,578 |  |  | (52,832) |
Total mortgage banking activities, net (2) |  | $ | 45,759 |  |  | $ | (1,443) |  |  | $ | 121,321 |  |  | $ | (38,446) |
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans at Redwood |  | $ | 1,290 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 1,607 |  |  | $ | (93,532) |
Single-family rental loans held-for-investment |  | — |  |  | 2,222 |  |  | — |  |  | (20,806) |
Bridge loans held-for-investment |  | (62) |  |  | 21,774 |  |  | 3,242 |  |  | (16,828) |
Trading securities |  | 2,893 |  |  | 42,246 |  |  | 23,521 |  |  | (221,079) |
Servicer advance investments |  | (940) |  |  | (136) |  |  | (1,100) |  |  | (6,198) |
Excess MSRs |  | (2,477) |  |  | 2,971 |  |  | (4,430) |  |  | (6,523) |
Net investments in Legacy Sequoia entities (3) |  | (216) |  |  | (230) |  |  | (915) |  |  | (621) |
Net investments in Sequoia entities (3) |  | 4,906 |  |  | 39,753 |  |  | 9,804 |  |  | (29,916) |
Net investments in Freddie Mac SLST entities (3) |  | 36,316 |  |  | 26,867 |  |  | 40,433 |  |  | (115,295) |
Net investment in Freddie Mac K-Series entity (3) |  | 1,855 |  |  | 1,599 |  |  | 10,776 |  |  | (84,910) |
Net investments in CAFL entities (3) |  | 3,697 |  |  | 17,125 |  |  | 3,411 |  |  | (50,721) |
Shared home appreciation options |  | 2,080 |  |  | 884 |  |  | 7,395 |  |  | (6,670) |
Other investments |  | 125 |  |  | (3,005) |  |  | 435 |  |  | (4,892) |
Risk management derivatives, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (59,142) |
Credit recoveries (losses) on AFS securities |  | 13 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 388 |  |  | (1,471) |
Total investment fair value changes, net |  | $ | 49,480 |  |  | $ | 152,228 |  |  | $ | 94,567 |  |  | $ | (718,604) |
Other Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
MSRs |  | $ | (1,381) |  |  | $ | (3,955) |  |  | $ | (2,247) |  |  | $ | (22,563) |
Risk management derivatives, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,966 |
Total other income (4) |  | $ | (1,381) |  |  | $ | (3,955) |  |  | $ | (2,247) |  |  | $ | (8,597) |
Total Market Valuation Gains (Losses), Net |  | $ | 93,858 |  |  | $ | 146,830 |  |  | $ | 213,641 |  |  | $ | (765,647) |

(1)Represents fair value changes on trading securities that are being used along with risk management derivatives to manage the mark-to-market risks associated with our residential mortgage banking operations.
(2)Mortgage banking activities, net presented above does not include fee income from loan originations or acquisitions, provisions for repurchases expense, and other expenses that are components of Mortgage banking activities, net presented on our consolidated statements of income (loss), as these amounts do not represent market valuation changes.
(3)Includes changes in fair value of the residential loans held-for-investment, REO and the ABS issued at the entities, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs.
(4)Other income presented above does not include net MSR fee income or provisions for repurchases for MSRs, as these amounts do not represent market valuation adjustments.
28

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments - (continued)
At June 30, 2021, our valuation policy and processes had not changed from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments

June 30, 2021 |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values) |  |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  |  | Weighted Average(1)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jumbo fixed-rate loans |  | $ | 232,343 |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 20 |  | - | 20 |  | % |  | 20 |  | %
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread to TBA price |  | $ | 2.00 |  | - | $ | 2.00 |  |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread to swap rate |  | 215 |  | - | 215 |  | bps |  | 215 |  | bps
Jumbo loans committed to sell |  | 928,170 |  |  | Whole loan committed sales price |  | $ | 100.88 |  | - | $ | 103.03 |  |  |  | $ | 102.38 |  |
Loans held by Legacy Sequoia (2) |  | 260,875 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Loans held by Sequoia (2) |  | 2,222,553 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Loans held by Freddie Mac SLST (2) |  | 2,098,624 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Business purpose loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family rental loans |  | 418,442 |  |  | Senior credit spread |  | 70 |  | - | 70 |  | bps |  | 70 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Subordinate credit spread |  | 105 |  | - | 1,531 |  | bps |  | 391 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Senior credit support |  | 34 |  | - | 34 |  | % |  | 34 |  | %
|  |  |  | IO discount rate |  | 9 |  | - | 9 |  | % |  | 9 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 3 |  | - | 3 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Non-securitizable loan dollar price |  | $ | 82 |  | - | $ | 102 |  |  |  | $ | 99 |  |
Single-family rental loans held by CAFL |  | 3,263,878 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Bridge loans |  | 726,569 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 6 |  | - | 15 |  | % |  | 8 |  | %
Multifamily loans held by Freddie Mac K-Series (2) |  | 485,157 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Trading and AFS securities |  | 354,886 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 2 |  | - | 31 |  | % |  | 7 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 8 |  | - | 62 |  | % |  | 28 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | — |  | - | 25 |  | % |  | 4 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | — |  | - | 50 |  | % |  | 22 |  | %
|  |  |  | CRT dollar price |  | $ | 95 |  | - | $ | 113 |  |  |  | $ | 102 |  |
Servicer advance investments |  | 184,551 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 3 |  | - | 3 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 20 |  | - | 30 |  | % |  | 21 |  | %
|  |  |  | Expected remaining life (3) |  | 4 | - | 4 | years |  | 4 | years
|  |  |  | Mortgage servicing income |  | — |  | - | 15 |  | bps |  | 9 |  | bps
MSRs |  | 8,721 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 12 |  | - | 12 |  | % |  | 12 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 7 |  | - | 84 |  | % |  | 36 |  | %
|  |  |  | Per loan annual cost to service |  | $ | 96 |  | - | $ | 96 |  |  |  | $ | 96 |  |
Excess MSRs |  | 29,988 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 13 |  | - | 16 |  | % |  | 15 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 21 |  | - | 30 |  | % |  | 24 |  | %
|  |  |  | Excess mortgage servicing income |  | 8 |  | - | 17 |  | bps |  | 11 |  | bps

29

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments - (continued)
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments (continued)

June 30, 2021 |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values) |  |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  |  | Weighted Average (1)
Assets (continued) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shared home appreciation options |  | $ | 44,319 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 13 |  | - | 13 |  | % |  | 13 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 16 |  | - | 24 |  | % |  | 17 |  | %
|  |  |  | Home price appreciation |  | 3 |  | - | 4 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
REO |  | 1,233 |  |  | Loss severity |  | 4 |  | - | 40 |  | % |  | 23 |  | %
Residential loan purchase commitments, net |  | 12,725 |  |  | Committed sales price |  | $ | 102.00 |  | - | $ | 103.03 |  |  |  | $ | 102.64 |  |
|  |  |  | Pull-through rate |  | 21 |  | - | 100 |  | % |  | 72 |  | %
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread to TBA price |  | $ | 2.00 |  | - | $ | 2.00 |  |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread to swap rate |  | 191 |  | - | 215 |  | bps |  | 201 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 20 |  | - | 20 |  | % |  | 20 |  | %
Single-family rental interest rate lock commitments |  | 744 |  |  | Senior credit spread |  | 70 |  | - | 70 |  | bps |  | 70 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Subordinate credit spread |  | 105 |  | - | 1,531 |  | bps |  | 391 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Senior credit support |  | 34 |  | - | 34 |  | % |  | 34 |  | %
|  |  |  | IO discount rate |  | 10 |  | - | 11 |  | % |  | 10 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 3 |  | - | 3 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Pull-through rate |  | 100 |  | - | 100 |  | % |  | 100 |  | %
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ABS issued (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
At consolidated Sequoia entities |  | 2,248,759 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 1 |  | - | 18 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 7 |  | - | 51 |  | % |  | 33 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | — |  | - | 39 |  | % |  | 2 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | 25 |  | - | 50 |  | % |  | 32 |  | %
At consolidated CAFL entities (4) |  | 3,007,596 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 1 |  | - | 13 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 3 |  | - | 3 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | 3 |  | - | 18 |  | % |  | 9 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | 30 |  | - | 30 |  | % |  | 30 |  | %
At consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities |  | 1,650,087 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 2 |  | - | 7 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 6 |  | - | 8 |  | % |  | 6 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | 9 |  | - | 10 |  | % |  | 9 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | 35 |  | - | 35 |  | % |  | 35 |  | %
At consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entities (4) |  | 454,324 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 1 |  | - | 9 |  | % |  | 2 |  | %

(1)The weighted average input values for all loan types are based on the unpaid principal balance. The weighted average input values for all other assets and liabilities are based on relative fair value.
(2)The fair value of the loans held by consolidated entities was based on the fair value of the ABS issued by these entities, including securities we own, which we determined were more readily observable, in accordance with accounting guidance for collateralized financing entities. At June 30, 2021, the fair value of securities we owned at the consolidated Sequoia, CAFL, Freddie Mac SLST, and Freddie Mac K-Series entities was $235 million, $268 million, $450 million, and $31 million, respectively.
(3)Represents the estimated average duration of outstanding servicer advances at a given point in time (not taking into account new advances made with respect to the pool).
(4)As a market convention, certain securities are priced to a no-loss yield and therefore do not include default and loss severity assumptions.
30

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments - (continued)
Determination of Fair Value
We generally use both market comparable information and discounted cash flow modeling techniques to determine the fair value of our Level 3 assets and liabilities. Use of these techniques requires determination of relevant inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the preceding table. Accordingly, a significant increase or decrease in any of these inputs - such as anticipated credit losses, prepayment rates, interest rates, or other valuation assumptions - in isolation would likely result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.
Included in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 is a more detailed description of our financial instruments measured at fair value and their significant inputs, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 valuation hierarchy.
Note 6. Residential Loans
We acquire residential loans from third-party originators and may sell or securitize these loans or hold them for investment. The following table summarizes the classifications and carrying values of the residential loans owned at Redwood and at consolidated Sequoia and Freddie Mac SLST entities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 6.1 – Classifications and Carrying Values of Residential Loans

June 30, 2021 |  |  |  | Legacy |  |  |  | Freddie Mac |  |
(In Thousands) |  | Redwood |  | Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | SLST |  | Total
Held-for-sale at fair value |  | $ | 1,160,548 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,160,548 |
Held-for-investment at fair value |  | — |  |  | 260,875 |  |  | 2,222,553 |  |  | 2,098,624 |  |  | 4,582,052 |
Total Residential Loans |  | $ | 1,160,548 |  |  | $ | 260,875 |  |  | $ | 2,222,553 |  |  | $ | 2,098,624 |  |  | $ | 5,742,600 |

December 31, 2020 |  |  |  | Legacy |  |  |  | Freddie Mac |  |
(In Thousands) |  | Redwood |  | Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | SLST |  | Total
Held-for-sale at fair value |  | $ | 176,641 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 176,641 |
Held-for-investment at fair value |  | — |  |  | 285,935 |  |  | 1,565,322 |  |  | 2,221,153 |  |  | 4,072,410 |
Total Residential Loans |  | $ | 176,641 |  |  | $ | 285,935 |  |  | $ | 1,565,322 |  |  | $ | 2,221,153 |  |  | $ | 4,249,051 |

At June 30, 2021, we owned mortgage servicing rights associated with $1.10 billion (principal balance) of residential loans owned at Redwood that were purchased from third-party originators. The value of these MSRs is included in the carrying value of the associated loans on our consolidated balance sheets. We contract with licensed sub-servicers that perform servicing functions for these loans.
31

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 6. Residential Loans - (continued)
Residential Loans Held-for-Sale
At Fair Value
The following table summarizes the characteristics of residential loans held-for-sale at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 6.2 – Characteristics of Residential Loans Held-for-Sale

(Dollars in Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Number of loans |  | 1,316 |  |  | 198 |
Unpaid principal balance |  | $ | 1,135,356 |  |  | $ | 172,748 |
Fair value of loans |  | $ | 1,160,548 |  |  | $ | 176,641 |
Market value of loans pledged as collateral under short-term borrowing agreements |  | $ | 1,152,267 |  |  | $ | 156,355 |
Delinquency information |  |  |  |
Number of loans with 90+ day delinquencies |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans with 90+ day delinquencies |  | $ | 2,100 |  |  | $ | 1,882 |
Fair value of loans with 90+ day delinquencies |  | $ | 1,397 |  |  | $ | 1,223 |
Number of loans in foreclosure |  | — |  |  | — |

The following table provides the activity of residential loans held-for-sale during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 6.3 – Activity of Residential Loans Held-for-Sale

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Principal balance of loans acquired |  | $ | 3,484,633 |  |  | $ | 57,743 |  |  | $ | 6,580,681 |  |  | $ | 2,687,651 |
Principal balance of loans sold |  | 3,324,919 |  |  | 2,280,076 |  |  | 5,600,751 |  |  | 4,936,795 |
Net market valuation gains (losses) recorded (1) |  | 26,278 |  |  | (2,014) |  |  | 49,707 |  |  | (15,494) |

(1)Net market valuation gains (losses) on residential loans held-for-sale are recorded primarily through Mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
32

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 6. Residential Loans - (continued)
Residential Loans Held-for-Investment at Fair Value
We invest in residential subordinate securities issued by Legacy Sequoia, Sequoia, and Freddie Mac SLST securitization trusts and consolidate the underlying residential loans owned by these entities for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. The following tables summarize the characteristics of the residential loans owned at consolidated Sequoia and Freddie Mac SLST entities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 6.4 – Characteristics of Residential Loans Held-for-Investment

June 30, 2021 |  |  |  | Legacy |  |  |  | Freddie Mac
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  | Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | SLST
Number of loans |  |  |  | 1,733 |  |  | 2,775 |  |  | 12,902 |
Unpaid principal balance |  |  |  | $ | 295,368 |  |  | $ | 2,193,269 |  |  | $ | 2,107,256 |
Fair value of loans |  |  |  | $ | 260,875 |  |  | $ | 2,222,553 |  |  | $ | 2,098,624 |
Delinquency information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of loans with 90+ day delinquencies (1) |  |  |  | 43 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 1,446 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans with 90+ day delinquencies |  |  |  | $ | 14,878 |  |  | $ | 38,502 |  |  | $ | 261,504 |
Fair value of loans with 90+ day delinquencies (2) |  |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Number of loans in foreclosure |  |  |  | 18 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 308 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans in foreclosure |  |  |  | $ | 3,830 |  |  | $ | 2,257 |  |  | $ | 51,191 |

December 31, 2020 |  |  |  | Legacy |  |  |  | Freddie Mac
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  | Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | SLST
Number of loans |  |  |  | 1,908 |  |  | 2,177 |  |  | 13,605 |
Unpaid principal balance |  |  |  | $ | 333,474 |  |  | $ | 1,550,454 |  |  | $ | 2,247,771 |
Fair value of loans |  |  |  | $ | 285,935 |  |  | $ | 1,565,322 |  |  | $ | 2,221,153 |
Delinquency information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of loans with 90+ day delinquencies (1) |  |  |  | 52 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 2,110 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans with 90+ day delinquencies |  |  |  | $ | 17,285 |  |  | $ | 74,742 |  |  | $ | 389,245 |
Fair value of loans with 90+ day delinquencies (2) |  |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Number of loans in foreclosure |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 245 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans in foreclosure |  |  |  | $ | 4,939 |  |  | $ | 2,251 |  |  | $ | 38,610 |

(1)For loans held at consolidated entities, the number of loans greater than 90 days delinquent includes loans in foreclosure.
(2)The fair value of the loans held by consolidated entities was based on the fair value of the ABS issued by these entities, including securities we own, which we determined were more readily observable, in accordance with accounting guidance for collateralized financing entities.
33

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 6. Residential Loans - (continued)
The following table provides the activity of residential loans held-for-investment at Redwood during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 6.5 – Activity of Residential Loans Held-for-Investment at Redwood

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Fair value of loans transferred from HFS to HFI |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,258 |
Fair value of loans transferred from HFI to HFS |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870,986 |
Net market valuation gains (losses) recorded (1) |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | (93,532) |

(1)Subsequent to the transfer of these loans to our investment portfolio, net market valuation gains (losses) on residential loans held-for-investment at Redwood are recorded through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
The following table provides the activity of residential loans held-for-investment at consolidated entities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 6.6 – Activity of Residential Loans Held-for-Investment at Consolidated Entities

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
|  | Legacy |  |  |  | Freddie Mac |  | Legacy |  |  |  | Freddie Mac
(In Thousands) |  | Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | SLST |  | Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | SLST
Fair value of loans transferred from HFS to HFI (1) |  | N/A |  | $ | 1,205,494 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | $ | 270,506 |  |  | N/A
Net market valuation gains (losses) recorded (1) |  | 4,863 |  |  | (12,835) |  |  | 22,579 |  |  | 8,081 |  |  | 93,932 |  |  | 48,587 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
|  | Legacy |  |  |  | Freddie Mac |  | Legacy |  |  |  | Freddie Mac
(In Thousands) |  | Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | SLST |  | Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | SLST
Fair value of loans transferred from HFS to HFI (1) |  | N/A |  | $ | 1,205,494 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | $ | 270,506 |  |  | N/A
Net market valuation gains (losses) recorded (1) |  | 12,476 |  |  | (15,413) |  |  | 19,014 |  |  | (60,933) |  |  | (16,553) |  |  | (144,433) |

(1)Represents the transfer of loans from held-for-sale to held-for-investment associated with Sequoia securitizations.
(2)For loans held at our consolidated Legacy Sequoia, Sequoia, and Freddie Mac SLST entities, market value changes are based on the estimated fair value of the associated ABS issued, pursuant to collateralized financing entity guidelines. The net impact to our income statement associated with our economic investments in these securitization entities is presented in Table 4.2.
34

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 7. Business Purpose Loans
We originate and invest in business purpose loans, including single-family rental ("SFR") loans and bridge loans. The following table summarizes the classifications and carrying values of the business purpose loans owned at Redwood and at consolidated CAFL entities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 7.1 – Classifications and Carrying Values of Business Purpose Loans

June 30, 2021 |  | Single-Family Rental |  | Residential |  |
(In Thousands) |  | Redwood |  | CAFL |  | Bridge |  | Total
Held-for-sale at fair value |  | $ | 418,442 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 418,442 |
Held-for-investment at fair value |  | — |  |  | 3,263,878 |  |  | 726,569 |  |  | 3,990,447 |
Total Business Purpose Loans |  | $ | 418,442 |  |  | $ | 3,263,878 |  |  | $ | 726,569 |  |  | $ | 4,408,889 |

December 31, 2020 |  | Single-Family Rental |  | Residential |  |
(In Thousands) |  | Redwood |  | CAFL |  | Bridge |  | Total
Held-for-sale at fair value |  | $ | 245,394 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 245,394 |
Held-for-investment at fair value |  | — |  |  | 3,249,194 |  |  | 641,765 |  |  | 3,890,959 |
Total Business Purpose Loans |  | $ | 245,394 |  |  | $ | 3,249,194 |  |  | $ | 641,765 |  |  | $ | 4,136,353 |

The following table provides the activity of business purpose loans at Redwood during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 7.2 – Activity of Business Purpose Loans at Redwood

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(In Thousands) |  | SFR at Redwood |  | Bridge |  | SFR at Redwood |  | Bridge
Principal balance of loans originated |  | $ | 312,217 |  |  | $ | 215,160 |  |  | $ | 175,876 |  |  | $ | 58,468 |
Principal balance of loans sold to third parties |  | — |  |  | 354 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,558 |
Fair value of loans transferred from HFS to HFI (1) |  | 297,301 |  |  | N/A |  | 220,923 |  |  | N/A
Fair value of loans transferred from HFI to HFS (2) |  | 44,922 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage banking activities income (loss) recorded (3) |  | 25,222 |  |  | 978 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | (3,277) |
Investment fair value changes recorded (4) |  | — |  |  | (62) |  |  | 2,222 |  |  | 21,774 |

35

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 7. Business Purpose Loans - (continued)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(In Thousands) |  | SFR at Redwood |  | Bridge |  | SFR at Redwood |  | Bridge
Principal balance of loans originated |  | $ | 565,315 |  |  | $ | 348,389 |  |  | $ | 436,005 |  |  | $ | 285,836 |
Principal balance of loans sold to third parties |  | — |  |  | 9,231 |  |  | 26,148 |  |  | 22,293 |
Fair value of loans transferred from HFS to HFI (1) |  | 466,705 |  |  | N/A |  | 599,032 |  |  | N/A
Fair value of loans transferred from HFI to HFS (2) |  | 44,922 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage banking activities income (loss) recorded (3) |  | 35,470 |  |  | 1,521 |  |  | 11,540 |  |  | (3,441) |
Investment fair value changes recorded (4) |  | — |  |  | 3,242 |  |  | (20,806) |  |  | (16,828) |

(1)Represents the transfer of single-family rental loans from held-for-sale to held-for-investment associated with CAFL securitizations.
(2)Represents the transfer of single-family rental loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale associated with the call of a consolidated CAFL securitization during the second quarter of 2021.
(3)Represents net market valuation changes from the time a loan is originated to when it is sold or transferred to our investment portfolio. Additionally, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded loan origination fee income of $7 million and $13 million, respectively, through Mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded loan origination fee income of $2 million and $11 million, respectively, through Mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
(4)Represents net market valuation changes for loans classified as held-for-investment.
Bridge Loans Held-for-Investment
The outstanding bridge loans held-for-investment at June 30, 2021 were first lien, interest-only loans with original maturities of six to 24 months and were comprised of 63% one-month LIBOR-indexed adjustable-rate loans and 37% fixed-rate loans. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we transferred four loans with a fair value of $2 million to REO, which is included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. At June 30, 2021, we had a $374 million commitment to fund bridge loans. See Note 16 for additional information on this commitment.
Single-Family Rental Loans Held-for-Investment at CAFL
We invest in securities issued by CAFL securitizations sponsored by CoreVest and consolidate the underlying single-family rental loans owned by these entities. The outstanding single-family rental loans held-for-investment at CAFL at June 30, 2021 were first-lien, fixed-rate loans with original maturities of five, seven, or ten years. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we transferred two CAFL loans with a fair value of $12 million to REO, which is included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The following table provides the activity of single-family rental loans held-for-investment at CAFL during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 7.3 – Activity of Single-Family Rental Loans Held-for-Investment at CAFL

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net market valuation gains (losses) recorded (1) |  | $ | (1,230) |  |  | $ | 169,327 |  |  | $ | (62,132) |  |  | $ | (102,590) |

(1)For loans held at our consolidated CAFL entities, market value changes are based on the estimated fair value of the associated ABS issued, including securities we own, pursuant to collateralized financing entity guidelines. The net impact to our income statement associated with our economic investments in these securitization entities is presented in Table 4.2.
36

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 7. Business Purpose Loans - (continued)
Business Purpose Loan Characteristics
The following tables summarize the characteristics of the business purpose loans owned at Redwood and at consolidated CAFL entities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 7.4 – Characteristics of Business Purpose Loans

June 30, 2021 |  | Single-Family Rental at Redwood |  | Single-Family Rental at CAFL |  | Bridge
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |
Number of loans |  | 112 |  |  | 1,121 |  |  | 2,471 |
Unpaid principal balance |  | $ | 399,900 |  |  | $ | 3,060,949 |  |  | $ | 729,149 |
Fair value of loans |  | $ | 418,442 |  |  | $ | 3,263,878 |  |  | $ | 726,569 |
Weighted average coupon |  | 4.84 | % |  | 5.34 | % |  | 7.63 | %
Weighted average remaining loan term (years) |  | 7 |  | 5 |  | 1
Market value of loans pledged as collateral under short-term debt facilities |  | $ | 122,277 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 127,133 |
Market value of loans pledged as collateral under long-term debt facilities |  | $ | 246,903 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 555,791 |
Delinquency information |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of loans with 90+ day delinquencies (1) |  | 9 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 40 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans with 90+ day delinquencies |  | $ | 6,586 |  |  | $ | 59,841 |  |  | $ | 35,018 |
Fair value of loans with 90+ day delinquencies (2) |  | $ | 5,369 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 31,512 |
Number of loans in foreclosure |  | 7 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 43 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans in foreclosure |  | $ | 5,976 |  |  | $ | 24,212 |  |  | $ | 32,611 |
Fair value of loans in foreclosure (2) |  | $ | 4,798 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 28,963 |

December 31, 2020 |  | Single-Family Rental at Redwood |  | Single-Family Rental at CAFL |  | Bridge
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |
Number of loans |  | 65 |  |  | 1,094 |  |  | 1,725 |
Unpaid principal balance |  | $ | 234,475 |  |  | $ | 3,017,137 |  |  | $ | 649,532 |
Fair value of loans |  | $ | 245,394 |  |  | $ | 3,249,194 |  |  | $ | 641,765 |
Weighted average coupon |  | 4.84 | % |  | 5.44 | % |  | 8.09 | %
Weighted average remaining loan term (years) |  | 8 |  | 5 |  | 1
Market value of loans pledged as collateral under short-term debt facilities |  | $ | 34,098 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 92,931 |
Market value of loans pledged as collateral under long-term debt facilities |  | $ | 154,774 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 544,151 |
Delinquency information |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of loans with 90+ day delinquencies (1) |  | 10 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 31 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans with 90+ day delinquencies |  | $ | 7,127 |  |  | $ | 61,440 |  |  | $ | 39,415 |
Fair value of loans with 90+ day delinquencies (2) |  | $ | 6,143 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 33,605 |
Number of loans in foreclosure |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 25 |
Unpaid principal balance of loans in foreclosure |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,745 |  |  | $ | 38,552 |
Fair value of loans in foreclosure (2) |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 33,066 |

(1)The number of loans greater than 90 days delinquent includes loans in foreclosure.
(2)The fair value of the loans held by consolidated entities was based on the fair value of the ABS issued by these entities, including securities we own, which we determined were more readily observable, in accordance with accounting guidance for collateralized financing entities.
37

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 8. Multifamily Loans
We invest in multifamily subordinate securities issued by a Freddie Mac K-Series securitization trust and consolidate the underlying multifamily loans owned by this entity for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. The following table summarizes the characteristics of the multifamily loans consolidated at Redwood at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 8.1 – Characteristics of Multifamily Loans

(Dollars in Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Number of loans |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |
Unpaid principal balance |  | $ | 459,002 |  |  | $ | 462,808 |
Fair value of loans |  | $ | 485,157 |  |  | $ | 492,221 |
Weighted average coupon |  | 4.25 | % |  | 4.25 | %
Weighted average remaining loan term (years) |  | 4 |  | 5
Delinquency information |  |  |  |
Number of loans with 90+ day delinquencies |  | — |  |  | — |
Number of loans in foreclosure |  | — |  |  | — |

The outstanding multifamily loans held-for-investment at the consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entity at June 30, 2021 were first-lien, fixed-rate loans that were originated in 2015. The following table provides the activity of multifamily loans held-for-investment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 8.2 – Activity of Multifamily Loans Held-for-Investment

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net market valuation gains (losses) recorded (1) |  | $ | (2,528) |  |  | $ | 18,591 |  |  | $ | (3,258) |  |  | $ | (63,840) |

(1)Net market valuation gains (losses) on multifamily loans held-for-investment are recorded through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). For loans held at our consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entity, market value changes are based on the estimated fair value of the associated ABS issued, including securities we own, pursuant to collateralized financing entity guidelines. The net impact to our income statement associated with our economic investment in these securitization entities is presented in Table 4.2.
Note 9. Real Estate Securities
We invest in real estate securities that we create and retain from our Sequoia securitizations or acquire from third parties. The following table presents the fair values of our real estate securities by type at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 9.1 – Fair Values of Real Estate Securities by Type

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Trading |  | $ | 142,425 |  |  | $ | 125,667 |
Available-for-sale |  | 212,461 |  |  | 218,458 |
Total Real Estate Securities |  | $ | 354,886 |  |  | $ | 344,125 |

Our real estate securities include mortgage-backed securities, which are presented in accordance with their general position within a securitization structure based on their rights to cash flows. Senior securities are those interests in a securitization that generally have the first right to cash flows and are last in line to absorb losses. Mezzanine securities are interests that are generally subordinate to senior securities in their rights to receive cash flows, and have subordinate securities below them that are first to absorb losses. Subordinate securities are all interests below mezzanine. Exclusive of our re-performing loan securities, nearly all of our residential securities are supported by collateral that was designated as prime at the time of issuance.
38

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 9. Real Estate Securities - (continued)
Trading Securities
We elected the fair value option for certain securities and classify them as trading securities. Our trading securities include both residential and multifamily mortgage-backed securities, and our residential securities also include securities backed by re-performing loans ("RPL"). The following table presents the fair value of trading securities by position and collateral type at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 9.2 – Fair Value of Trading Securities by Position

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Senior |  |  |  |
Interest-only securities (1) |  | $ | 25,267 |  |  | $ | 28,464 |
Total Senior |  | 25,267 |  |  | 28,464 |
Mezzanine |  |  |  |
Sequoia securities |  | — |  |  | 3,649 |
Total Mezzanine |  | — |  |  | 3,649 |
Subordinate |  |  |  |
RPL securities |  | 60,887 |  |  | 47,448 |
Multifamily securities |  | 8,266 |  |  | 5,592 |
Other third-party residential securities |  | 48,005 |  |  | 40,514 |
Total Subordinate |  | 117,158 |  |  | 93,554 |
Total Trading Securities |  | $ | 142,425 |  |  | $ | 125,667 |

(1)Includes $17 million and $13 million of Sequoia certificated mortgage servicing rights at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The following table presents the unpaid principal balance of trading securities by position and collateral type at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 9.3 – Unpaid Principal Balance of Trading Securities by Position

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Senior (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mezzanine |  | — |  |  | 3,577 |
Subordinate |  | 208,381 |  |  | 242,278 |
Total Trading Securities |  | $ | 208,381 |  |  | $ | 245,855 |

(1)Our senior trading securities include interest-only securities, for which there is no principal balance.
The following table provides the activity of trading securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 9.4 – Trading Securities Activity

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Principal balance of securities acquired |  | $ | 1,750 |  |  | $ | 10,250 |  |  | $ | 17,630 |  |  | $ | 66,721 |
Principal balance of securities sold |  | 18,068 |  |  | 85,747 |  |  | 52,811 |  |  | 704,614 |
Net market valuation gains (losses) recorded (1) |  | 1,798 |  |  | 42,246 |  |  | 23,147 |  |  | (221,079) |

(1)Net market valuation gains (losses) on trading securities are recorded through Investment fair value changes, net and Mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
39

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 9. Real Estate Securities - (continued)
AFS Securities
The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities by position and collateral type at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 9.5 – Fair Value of Available-for-Sale Securities by Position

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Mezzanine |  |  |  |
Other third-party residential securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,014 |
Total Mezzanine |  | — |  |  | 2,014 |
Subordinate |  |  |  |
Sequoia securities |  | 140,321 |  |  | 136,475 |
Multifamily securities |  | 34,213 |  |  | 43,663 |
Other third-party residential securities |  | 37,927 |  |  | 36,306 |
Total Subordinate |  | 212,461 |  |  | 216,444 |
Total AFS Securities |  | $ | 212,461 |  |  | $ | 218,458 |

The following table provides the activity of available-for-sale securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 9.6 – Available-for-Sale Securities Activity

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Fair value of securities acquired |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,600 |  |  | $ | 31,181 |
Fair value of securities sold |  | 2,585 |  |  | 8,736 |  |  | 4,785 |  |  | 55,193 |
Net realized gains recorded |  | 1,307 |  |  | 783 |  |  | 1,507 |  |  | 4,635 |

During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we called three of our unconsolidated Sequoia entities, and purchased $83 million (unpaid principal balance) of loans from the securitization trusts. In association with these calls, we realized a $7 million gain on the securities we owned from these securitizations, which was recognized through Realized gains, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we called four of our unconsolidated Sequoia entities, and purchased $101 million (unpaid principal balance) of loans from the securitization trusts. In association with these calls, we realized a $9 million gain on the securities we owned from these securitizations, which was recognized through Realized gains, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
We often purchase AFS securities at a discount to their outstanding principal balances. To the extent we purchase an AFS security that has a likelihood of incurring a loss, we do not amortize into income the portion of the purchase discount that we do not expect to collect due to the inherent credit risk of the security. We may also expense a portion of our investment in the security to the extent we believe that principal losses will exceed the purchase discount. We designate any amount of unpaid principal balance that we do not expect to receive and thus do not expect to earn or recover as a credit reserve on the security. Any remaining net unamortized discounts or premiums on the security are amortized into income over time using the effective yield method.
At June 30, 2021, we had $31 million of AFS securities with contractual maturities less than five years, $4 million with contractual maturities greater than five years but less than ten years, and the remainder of our AFS securities had contractual maturities greater than ten years.
40

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 9. Real Estate Securities - (continued)
The following table presents the components of carrying value (which equals fair value) of AFS securities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 9.7 – Carrying Value of AFS Securities

June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  | Mezzanine |  | Subordinate |  | Total
Principal balance |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 254,784 |  |  | $ | 254,784 |
Credit reserve |  |  |  | — |  |  | (40,349) |  |  | (40,349) |
Unamortized discount, net |  |  |  | — |  |  | (90,216) |  |  | (90,216) |
Amortized cost |  |  |  | — |  |  | 124,219 |  |  | 124,219 |
Gross unrealized gains |  |  |  | — |  |  | 88,321 |  |  | 88,321 |
Gross unrealized losses |  |  |  | — |  |  | (79) |  |  | (79) |
CECL allowance |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Carrying Value |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 212,461 |  |  | $ | 212,461 |

December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  | Mezzanine |  | Subordinate |  | Total
Principal balance |  |  |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | 281,284 |  |  | $ | 283,284 |
Credit reserve |  |  |  | — |  |  | (44,967) |  |  | (44,967) |
Unamortized discount, net |  |  |  | — |  |  | (95,718) |  |  | (95,718) |
Amortized cost |  |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | 140,599 |  |  | 142,599 |
Gross unrealized gains |  |  |  | 14 |  |  | 77,280 |  |  | 77,294 |
Gross unrealized losses |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1,047) |  |  | (1,047) |
CECL allowance |  |  |  | — |  |  | (388) |  |  | (388) |
Carrying Value |  |  |  | $ | 2,014 |  |  | $ | 216,444 |  |  | $ | 218,458 |

The following table presents the changes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, in unamortized discount and designated credit reserves on residential AFS securities.
Table 9.8 – Changes in Unamortized Discount and Designated Credit Reserves on AFS Securities

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
|  | Credit Reserve |  | Unamortized Discount, Net |  | Credit Reserve |  | Unamortized Discount, Net
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 44,947 |  |  | $ | 94,188 |  |  | $ | 44,967 |  |  | $ | 95,718 |
Amortization of net discount |  | — |  |  | (1,569) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,183) |
Realized credit losses |  | (112) |  |  | — |  |  | (249) |  |  | — |
Acquisitions |  | 890 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 2,825 |  |  | 1,208 |
Sales, calls, other |  | (718) |  |  | (7,429) |  |  | (992) |  |  | (9,729) |
Transfers to (release of) credit reserves, net |  | (4,658) |  |  | 4,658 |  |  | (6,202) |  |  | 6,202 |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 40,349 |  |  | $ | 90,216 |  |  | $ | 40,349 |  |  | $ | 90,216 |

41

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 9. Real Estate Securities - (continued)
AFS Securities with Unrealized Losses
The following table presents the components comprising the total carrying value of residential AFS securities that were in a gross unrealized loss position at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 9.9 – Components of Fair Value of AFS Securities by Holding Periods

|  | Less Than 12 Consecutive Months |  | 12 Consecutive Months or Longer
|  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2021 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,600 |  |  | $ | (79) |  |  | $ | 3,521 |
December 31, 2020 |  | 9,129 |  |  | (1,047) |  |  | 7,920 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

At June 30, 2021, after giving effect to purchases, sales, and extinguishment due to credit losses, our consolidated balance sheet included 88 AFS securities, of which two were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 consecutive months or longer. At December 31, 2020, our consolidated balance sheet included 96 AFS securities, of which five were in an unrealized loss position and zero were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 consecutive months or longer.
Evaluating AFS Securities for Credit Losses
Gross unrealized losses on our AFS securities were $0.1 million at June 30, 2021. We evaluate all securities in an unrealized loss position to determine if the impairment is credit-related (resulting in an allowance for credit losses recorded in earnings) or non-credit-related (resulting in an unrealized loss through other comprehensive income). At June 30, 2021, we did not intend to sell any of our AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at their maturity. We review our AFS securities that are in an unrealized loss position to identify those securities with losses based on an assessment of changes in expected cash flows for such securities, which considers recent security performance and expected future performance of the underlying collateral.
At June 30, 2021, our current expected credit loss ("CECL") allowance related to our AFS securities was zero. AFS securities for which an allowance is recognized have experienced, or are expected to experience, credit-related adverse cash flow changes. In determining our estimate of cash flows for AFS securities we may consider factors such as structural credit enhancement, past and expected future performance of underlying mortgage loans, including timing of expected future cash flows, which are informed by prepayment rates, default rates, loss severities, delinquency rates, percentage of non-performing loans, FICO scores at loan origination, year of origination, loan-to-value ratios, and geographic concentrations, as well as general market assessments. Changes in our evaluation of these factors impacted the cash flows expected to be collected at the assessment date and were used to determine if there were credit-related adverse cash flows and if so, the amount of credit related losses. Significant judgment is used in both our analysis of the expected cash flows for our AFS securities and any determination of security credit losses.
The table below summarizes the weighted average of the significant credit quality indicators we used for the credit loss allowance on our AFS securities at June 30, 2021.
Table 9.10 – Significant Credit Quality Indicators

June 30, 2021 |  |  |  | Subordinate Securities
Default rate |  |  |  | 0.35%
Loss severity |  |  |  | 18%

42

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 9. Real Estate Securities - (continued)
The following table details the activity related to the allowance for credit losses for AFS securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 9.11 – Rollforward of Allowance for Credit Losses

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(In Thousands) |  |
Beginning balance allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 388 |
Additions to allowance for credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded |  | — |  |  | — |
Additional increases (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period |  | (13) |  |  | (388) |
Allowance on purchased financial assets with credit deterioration |  | — |  |  | — |
Reduction to allowance for securities sold during the period |  | — |  |  | — |
Reduction to allowance for securities we intend to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell |  | — |  |  | — |
Write-offs charged against allowance |  | — |  |  | — |
Recoveries of amounts previously written off |  | — |  |  | — |
Ending balance of allowance for credit losses |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities are recorded as Realized gains, net, in our consolidated statements of income (loss). The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on sales and calls of AFS securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 9.12 – Gross Realized Gains and Losses on AFS Securities

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Gross realized gains - sales |  | $ | 1,307 |  |  | $ | 1,074 |  |  | $ | 1,507 |  |  | $ | 8,779 |
Gross realized gains - calls |  | 6,687 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,095 |  |  | — |
Gross realized losses - sales |  | — |  |  | (291) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,144) |
Total Realized Gains on Sales and Calls of AFS Securities, net |  | $ | 7,994 |  |  | $ | 783 |  |  | $ | 10,602 |  |  | $ | 4,635 |

Note 10. Other Investments
Other investments at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized in the following table.
Table 10.1 – Components of Other Investments

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Servicer advance investments |  | $ | 184,551 |  |  | $ | 231,489 |
Shared home appreciation options |  | 44,319 |  |  | 42,440 |
Excess MSRs |  | 29,988 |  |  | 34,418 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  | 8,721 |  |  | 8,815 |
Other |  | 41,153 |  |  | 31,013 |
Total Other Investments |  | $ | 308,732 |  |  | $ | 348,175 |

43

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 10. Other Investments - (continued)
Servicer advance investments
We and a third-party co-investor, through two partnerships (“SA Buyers”) consolidated by us, purchased the outstanding servicer advances and excess MSRs related to a portfolio of legacy residential mortgage-backed securitizations serviced by the co-investor (Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for additional information regarding the transactions). At June 30, 2021, we had funded $94 million of total capital to the SA Buyers (see Note 16 for additional detail).
At June 30, 2021, our servicer advance investments had a carrying value of $185 million and were associated with a portfolio of residential mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance of $8.03 billion. The outstanding servicer advance receivables associated with this investment were $172 million at June 30, 2021, which were financed with short-term non-recourse securitization debt (see Note 13 for additional detail on this debt). The servicer advance receivables were comprised of the following types of advances at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 10.2 – Components of Servicer Advance Receivables

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Principal and interest advances |  | $ | 80,741 |  |  | $ | 110,923 |
Escrow advances (taxes and insurance advances) |  | 68,534 |  |  | 79,279 |
Corporate advances |  | 22,543 |  |  | 27,454 |
Total Servicer Advance Receivables |  | $ | 171,818 |  |  | $ | 217,656 |

We account for our servicer advance investments at fair value and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded $2 million and $5 million of interest income, respectively, through Other interest income, and recorded net market valuation losses of $1 million for both periods through Investment fair value changes, net in our consolidated statements of income (loss). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded $3 million and $6 million of interest income, respectively, through Other interest income, and recorded net market valuation losses of $0.1 million and $6 million, respectively, through Investment fair value changes, net in our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Shared Home Appreciation Options
In 2019, we entered into a flow purchase agreement to acquire shared home appreciation options. At June 30, 2021, we had acquired $47 million of shared home appreciation options under this flow purchase agreement. We account for these investments under the fair value option and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded net market valuation gains of $2 million and $7 million, respectively, related to these assets through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a net market valuation gain of $1 million and a net market valuation loss of $7 million, respectively, related to these assets through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Excess MSRs
In association with our servicer advance investments described above, we (through our consolidated SA Buyers) invested in excess MSRs associated with the same portfolio of legacy residential mortgage-backed securitizations. Additionally, we own excess MSRs associated with specified pools of multifamily loans. We account for our excess MSRs at fair value and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recognized $3 million and $6 million of interest income, respectively, through Other interest income, and recorded net market valuation losses of $2 million and $4 million, respectively, through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recognized $3 million and $6 million of interest income, respectively, through Other interest income, and recorded a net market valuation gain of $3 million and a net market valuation loss of $7 million, respectively, through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
44

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 10. Other Investments - (continued)
Mortgage Servicing Rights
We invest in mortgage servicing rights associated with residential mortgage loans and contract with licensed sub-servicers to perform all servicing functions for these loans. The majority of our investments in MSRs were made through the retention of servicing rights associated with the residential jumbo mortgage loans that we acquired and subsequently sold to third parties. During both the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we retained $2 million of MSRs from sales of residential loans to third parties. We hold our MSR investments at our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our MSRs had a fair value of $9 million and $9 million, respectively, and were associated with loans with an aggregate principal balance of $1.97 billion and $2.59 billion, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, including net market valuation gains and losses on our MSRs and related risk management derivatives, we recorded a net loss of less than $0.1 million and net income of $1 million, respectively, through Other income on our consolidated statements of income (loss). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded net losses of $1 million and $3 million, respectively, through Other income on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Note 11. Derivative Financial Instruments
The following table presents the fair value and notional amount of our derivative financial instruments at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 11.1 – Fair Value and Notional Amount of Derivative Financial Instruments

|  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
|  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |
Assets - Risk Management Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 133,000 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 42,000 |
TBAs |  | 2,064 |  |  | 730,000 |  |  | 18,260 |  |  | 3,520,000 |
Interest rate futures |  | 304 |  |  | 81,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Swaptions |  | 17,482 |  |  | 2,100,000 |  |  | 19,727 |  |  | 1,585,000 |
Assets - Other Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments |  | 14,191 |  |  | 2,332,511 |  |  | 15,027 |  |  | 2,617,254 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 34,305 |  |  | $ | 5,377,011 |  |  | $ | 53,238 |  |  | $ | 7,764,254 |
Liabilities - Risk Management Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | (957) |  |  | $ | 87,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
TBAs |  | (1,367) |  |  | 730,000 |  |  | (15,495) |  |  | 3,105,000 |
Interest rate futures |  | (194) |  |  | 140,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities - Other Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan purchase commitments |  | (722) |  |  | 164,971 |  |  | (577) |  |  | 477,153 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | (3,240) |  |  | $ | 1,122,471 |  |  | $ | (16,072) |  |  | $ | 3,582,153 |
Total Derivative Financial Instruments, Net |  | $ | 31,065 |  |  | $ | 6,499,482 |  |  | $ | 37,166 |  |  | $ | 11,346,407 |

Risk Management Derivatives
To manage, to varying degrees, risks associated with certain assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets, we may enter into derivative contracts. At June 30, 2021, we were party to swaps and swaptions with an aggregate notional amount of $2.32 billion, TBA agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $1.46 billion, and interest rate futures contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $222 million. At December 31, 2020, we were party to swaps and swaptions with an aggregate notional amount of $1.63 billion and TBA agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $6.63 billion.
45

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 11. Derivative Financial Instruments - (continued)
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, risk management derivatives had a net market valuation loss of $58 million and a net market valuation gain of $35 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, risk management derivatives had net market valuation losses of zero and $98 million, respectively. These market valuation gains and losses are recorded in Mortgage banking activities, net, Investment fair value changes, net, and Other income on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Loan Purchase and Interest Rate Lock Commitments
LPCs and IRLCs that qualify as derivatives are recorded at their estimated fair values. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, LPCs and IRLCs had net market valuation gains of $53 million and $0.3 million, respectively, that were recorded in Mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, LPCs and IRLCs had net market valuation gains of $1 million and $22 million, respectively, that were recorded in Mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
To manage the variability in interest expense related to a portion of our long-term debt that is included in our consolidated balance sheets for financial reporting purposes, we designated certain interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges.
During the first quarter of 2020, we terminated and settled all of our outstanding derivatives that had been designated as cash flow hedges for our long-term debt, with a payment of $84 million. For interest rate agreements previously designated as cash flow hedges, our total unrealized loss reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income was $79 million and $81 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. We are amortizing this loss into interest expense over the remaining term of the debt they were originally hedging. As of June 30, 2021, we expect to amortize $4 million of realized losses related to terminated cash flow hedges into interest expense over the next twelve months.
For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we did not have any derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, changes in the values of designated cash flow hedges were zero and negative $33 million, respectively, and were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of equity.
The following table illustrates the impact on interest expense of our interest rate agreements accounted for as cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 11.2 – Impact on Interest Expense of Interest Rate Agreements Accounted for as Cash Flow Hedges

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net interest expense on cash flows hedges |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (860) |
Realized net losses reclassified from other comprehensive income |  | (1,028) |  |  | (1,029) |  |  | (2,046) |  |  | (1,108) |
Total Interest Expense |  | $ | (1,028) |  |  | $ | (1,029) |  |  | $ | (2,046) |  |  | $ | (1,968) |

Derivative Counterparty Credit Risk
As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, we consider counterparty risk as part of our fair value assessments of all derivative financial instruments at each quarter-end. At June 30, 2021, we assessed this risk as remote and did not record an associated specific valuation adjustment.
At June 30, 2021, we were in compliance with our derivative counterparty ISDA agreements.
46

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 12. Other Assets and Liabilities
Other assets at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized in the following table.
Table 12.1 – Components of Other Assets

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Accrued interest receivable |  | $ | 41,366 |  |  | $ | 39,445 |
Investment receivable |  | 38,281 |  |  | 43,176 |
REO |  | 15,489 |  |  | 8,413 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | 14,370 |  |  | 15,012 |
Margin receivable |  | 10,269 |  |  | 4,758 |
Fixed assets and leasehold improvements (1) |  | 7,202 |  |  | 4,203 |
Pledged collateral |  | — |  |  | 1,177 |
Other |  | 9,455 |  |  | 14,404 |
Total Other Assets |  | $ | 136,432 |  |  | $ | 130,588 |

(1)Fixed assets and leasehold improvements had a basis of $14 million and accumulated depreciation of $7 million at June 30, 2021.
Accrued expenses and other liabilities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized in the following table.
Table 12.2 – Components of Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Accrued compensation |  | $ | 42,737 |  |  | $ | 24,393 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 35,615 |  |  | 34,858 |
Margin payable |  | 19,503 |  |  | 14,728 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | 15,997 |  |  | 16,687 |
Payable to minority partner |  | 15,414 |  |  | 16,941 |
Unsettled trades |  | 13,952 |  |  | — |
Residential loan and MSR repurchase reserve |  | 8,709 |  |  | 8,631 |
Guarantee obligations |  | 8,446 |  |  | 10,039 |
Accrued income taxes payable |  | 5,395 |  |  | 5,614 |
Bridge loan holdbacks |  | 5,394 |  |  | 5,708 |
Accrued operating expenses |  | 4,938 |  |  | 5,509 |
Deferred consideration |  | — |  |  | 14,579 |
Other |  | 15,605 |  |  | 21,653 |
Total Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities |  | $ | 191,705 |  |  | $ | 179,340 |

Deferred Consideration
The deferred consideration presented in the table above is related to our acquisition of 5 Arches in 2019. During the first quarter of 2021, we distributed 806,068 shares of Redwood common stock and paid $1 million in cash in full settlement of the remaining deferred consideration associated with this acquisition.
47

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 12. Other Assets and Liabilities - (continued)
REO
The following table summarizes the activity and carrying values of REO assets held at Redwood and at consolidated Legacy Sequoia, Freddie Mac SLST, and CAFL entities during the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 12.3 – REO Activity

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(In Thousands) |  | Redwood Bridge |  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Freddie Mac SLST |  | CAFL |  | Total
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 4,600 |  |  | $ | 638 |  |  | $ | 646 |  |  | $ | 2,529 |  |  | $ | 8,413 |
Transfers to REO |  | 2,289 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 1,548 |  |  | 11,924 |  |  | 15,826 |
Liquidations (1) |  | (5,972) |  |  | (39) |  |  | (766) |  |  | (1,949) |  |  | (8,726) |
Changes in fair value, net |  | 428 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 208 |  |  | (655) |  |  | (24) |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 1,345 |  |  | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 1,636 |  |  | $ | 11,849 |  |  | $ | 15,489 |

(1)For the six months ended June 30, 2021, REO liquidations resulted in less than $0.1 million of realized losses, which were recorded in Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
The following table provides the detail of REO assets at Redwood and at consolidated Legacy Sequoia, Freddie Mac SLST, and CAFL entities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 12.4 – REO Assets

Number of REO assets |  | Redwood Bridge |  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Freddie Mac SLST |  | CAFL |  | Total
At June 30, 2021 |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 26 |
At December 31, 2020 |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 17 |

Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for additional descriptions of our other assets and liabilities.
48

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 13. Short-Term Debt
We enter into repurchase agreements, bank warehouse agreements, and other forms of collateralized (and generally uncommitted) short-term borrowings with several banks and major investment banking firms. At June 30, 2021, we had outstanding agreements with several counterparties and we were in compliance with all of the related covenants.
The table below summarizes our short-term debt, including the facilities that are available to us, the outstanding balances, the weighted average interest rate, and the maturity information at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 13.1 – Short-Term Debt

|  | June 30, 2021
(Dollars in Thousands) |  | Number of Facilities |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Limit |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) |  | Maturity |  | Weighted Average Days Until Maturity
Facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loan warehouse |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 1,049,144 |  |  | $ | 2,350,000 |  |  | 1.87 | % |  | 8/2021-3/2022 |  | 211
Business purpose loan warehouse |  | 2 |  |  | 191,288 |  |  | 355,497 |  |  | 2.99 | % |  | 3/2022-5/2022 |  | 260
Real estate securities repo |  | 3 |  |  | 80,938 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.53 | % |  | 7/2021-9/2021 |  | 35
Total Short-Term Debt Facilities |  | 11 |  |  | 1,321,370 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Servicer advance financing |  | 1 |  |  | 163,629 |  |  | 260,000 |  |  | 1.89 | % |  | 11/2021 |  | 153
Total Short-Term Debt |  |  |  | $ | 1,484,999 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  | December 31, 2020
(Dollars in Thousands) |  | Number of Facilities |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Limit |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) |  | Maturity |  | Weighted Average Days Until Maturity
Facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loan warehouse |  | 4 |  |  | $ | 137,269 |  |  | $ | 1,300,000 |  |  | 2.45 | % |  | 1/2021-11/2021 |  | 268
Business purpose loan warehouse |  | 2 |  |  | 99,190 |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | 3.37 | % |  | 5/2022-6/2022 |  | 521
Real estate securities repo |  | 3 |  |  | 77,775 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.24 | % |  | 1/2021-3/2021 |  | 36
Total Short-Term Debt Facilities |  | 9 |  |  | 314,234 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Servicer advance financing |  | 1 |  |  | 208,375 |  |  | 335,000 |  |  | 1.95 | % |  | 11/2021 |  | 334
Total Short-Term Debt |  |  |  | $ | 522,609 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)Borrowings under our facilities are generally uncommitted and charged interest based on a specified margin over the 1- or 3-month LIBOR.
49

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 13. Short-Term Debt - (continued)
The following table below presents the value of loans, securities, and other assets pledged as collateral under our short-term debt at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 13.2 – Collateral for Short-Term Debt

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Collateral Type |  |  |  |
Held-for-sale residential loans |  | $ | 1,152,267 |  |  | $ | 156,355 |
Business purpose loans |  | 249,410 |  |  | 127,029 |
Real estate securities |  |  |  |
On balance sheet |  | 16,435 |  |  | 23,193 |
Sequoia securitizations (1) |  | 62,387 |  |  | 63,105 |
Freddie Mac K-Series securitization (1) |  | 30,834 |  |  | 28,255 |
Total real estate securities owned |  | 109,656 |  |  | 114,553 |
Restricted cash and other assets |  | 1,709 |  |  | 315 |
Total Collateral for Short-Term Debt Facilities |  | 1,513,042 |  |  | 398,252 |
Cash |  | 12,442 |  |  | 9,978 |
Restricted cash |  | 19,028 |  |  | 23,220 |
Servicer advances |  | 171,818 |  |  | 217,656 |
Total Collateral for Servicer Advance Financing |  | 203,288 |  |  | 250,854 |
Total Collateral for Short-Term Debt |  | $ | 1,716,330 |  |  | $ | 649,106 |

(1)Represents securities we have retained from consolidated securitization entities. For GAAP purposes, we consolidate the loans and non-recourse ABS debt issued from these securitizations.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the average balances of our short-term debt facilities were $1.85 billion and $1.42 billion, respectively. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued interest payable on our short-term debt facilities was $2 million and $1 million, respectively.
Servicer advance financing consists of non-recourse short-term securitization debt used to finance servicer advance investments. We consolidate the securitization entity that issued the debt, but the entity is independent of Redwood and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of Redwood. At June 30, 2021, the accrued interest payable balance on this financing was $0.1 million and the unamortized capitalized commitment costs were $0.4 million.
We also maintain a $10 million committed line of credit with a financial institution that is secured by certain mortgage-backed securities with a fair market value of $2 million at June 30, 2021. At both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had no outstanding borrowings on this facility.
50

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 13. Short-Term Debt - (continued)
Remaining Maturities of Short-Term Debt
The following table presents the remaining maturities of our secured short-term debt by the type of collateral securing the debt at June 30, 2021.
Table 13.3 – Short-Term Debt by Collateral Type and Remaining Maturities

|  | June 30, 2021
(In Thousands) |  | Within 30 days |  | 31 to 90 days |  | Over 90 days |  | Total
Collateral Type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-for-sale residential loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 119,462 |  |  | $ | 929,682 |  |  | $ | 1,049,144 |
Business purpose loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 191,288 |  |  | 191,288 |
Real estate securities |  | 44,527 |  |  | 36,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,938 |
Total Secured Short-Term Debt |  | 44,527 |  |  | 155,873 |  |  | 1,120,970 |  |  | 1,321,370 |
Servicer advance financing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 163,629 |  |  | 163,629 |
Total Short-Term Debt |  | $ | 44,527 |  |  | $ | 155,873 |  |  | $ | 1,284,599 |  |  | $ | 1,484,999 |

Note 14. Asset-Backed Securities Issued
The carrying values of ABS issued by our consolidated securitization entities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, along with other selected information, are summarized in the following table.
Table 14.1 – Asset-Backed Securities Issued

June 30, 2021 |  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | CAFL |  | Freddie Mac SLST (1) |  | Freddie Mac K-Series |  | Total
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates with principal balance |  | $ | 291,083 |  |  | $ | 1,946,901 |  |  | $ | 2,746,648 |  |  | $ | 1,718,754 |  |  | $ | 422,534 |  |  | $ | 7,125,920 |
Interest-only certificates |  | 788 |  |  | 15,282 |  |  | 167,460 |  |  | 21,455 |  |  | 11,627 |  |  | 216,612 |
Market valuation adjustments |  | (33,660) |  |  | 28,365 |  |  | 93,488 |  |  | 86,109 |  |  | 20,163 |  |  | 194,465 |
ABS Issued, Net |  | $ | 258,211 |  |  | $ | 1,990,548 |  |  | $ | 3,007,596 |  |  | $ | 1,826,318 |  |  | $ | 454,324 |  |  | $ | 7,536,997 |
Range of weighted average interest rates, by series |  | 0.49% to 1.46% |  | 2.31% to 5.10% |  | 2.62% to 5.20% |  | 3.50% to 4.75% |  | 3.41 | % |  |
Stated maturities |  | 2024 - 2036 |  | 2047 - 2051 |  | 2021 - 2031 |  | 2028 - 2059 |  | 2025 |  |
Number of series |  | 20 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  |

December 31, 2020 |  | Legacy Sequoia |  | Sequoia |  | CAFL |  | Freddie Mac SLST (1) |  | Freddie Mac K-Series |  | Total
(Dollars in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates with principal balance |  | $ | 329,039 |  |  | $ | 1,309,957 |  |  | $ | 2,716,425 |  |  | $ | 1,866,145 |  |  | $ | 416,339 |  |  | $ | 6,637,905 |
Interest-only certificates |  | 1,092 |  |  | 4,591 |  |  | 162,934 |  |  | 23,335 |  |  | 13,026 |  |  | 204,978 |
Market valuation adjustments |  | (47,805) |  |  | 32,809 |  |  | 133,734 |  |  | 104,439 |  |  | 34,601 |  |  | 257,778 |
ABS Issued, Net |  | $ | 282,326 |  |  | $ | 1,347,357 |  |  | $ | 3,013,093 |  |  | $ | 1,993,919 |  |  | $ | 463,966 |  |  | $ | 7,100,661 |
Range of weighted average interest rates, by series |  | 0.35% to 1.55% |  | 2.25% to 5.04% |  | 2.68% to 5.42% |  | 3.50% to 4.75% |  | 3.39 | % |  |
Stated maturities |  | 2024 - 2036 |  | 2047 - 2050 |  | 2021 - 2031 |  | 2028 - 2059 |  | 2025 |  |
Number of series |  | 20 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  |

(1)Includes $179 million and $205 million (principal balance) of ABS issued by a re-securitization trust sponsored by Redwood and accounted for at amortized cost at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
51

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 14. Asset-Backed Securities Issued - (continued)
During the third quarter of 2020, we transferred all of the subordinate securities we owned from two consolidated re-performing loan securitization VIEs sponsored by Freddie Mac SLST to a re-securitization trust, which we determined was a VIE and for which we determined we are the primary beneficiary. At issuance, we sold $210 million (principal balance) of ABS issued to third parties and retained 100% of the remaining beneficial ownership interest in the trust through ownership of a subordinate security issued by the trust. The ABS was issued at a discount and we have elected to account for the ABS issued at amortized cost. At June 30, 2021, the principal balance of the ABS issued was $179 million, and the debt discount and deferred issuance costs were $3 million, for a carrying value of $176 million. The stated coupon of the ABS issued was 4.75% at issuance and the final stated maturity occurs in July 2059. The ABS issued is subject to optional redemption and interest rate step-ups prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing agreements.
The actual maturity of each class of ABS issued is primarily determined by the rate of principal prepayments on the assets of the issuing entity. Each series is also subject to redemption prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing documents of each ABS issuing entity. As a result, the actual maturity of ABS issued may occur earlier than its stated maturity. At June 30, 2021, the majority of the ABS issued and outstanding had contractual maturities beyond five years. See Note 4 for detail on the carrying value components of the collateral for ABS issued and outstanding. The following table summarizes the accrued interest payable on ABS issued at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Interest due on consolidated ABS issued is payable monthly.
Table 14.2 – Accrued Interest Payable on Asset-Backed Securities Issued

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Legacy Sequoia |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 141 |
Sequoia |  | 5,521 |  |  | 4,697 |
CAFL |  | 10,183 |  |  | 10,122 |
Freddie Mac SLST (1) |  | 5,200 |  |  | 5,656 |
Freddie Mac K-Series |  | 1,200 |  |  | 1,177 |
Total Accrued Interest Payable on ABS Issued |  | $ | 22,227 |  |  | $ | 21,793 |

(1)Includes accrued interest payable on ABS issued by a re-securitization trust sponsored by Redwood.
52

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 15. Long-Term Debt
The table below summarizes our long-term debt, including the facilities that are available to us, the outstanding balances, the weighted average interest rate, and the maturity information at June 30, 2021.
Table 15.1 – Long-Term Debt

|  | June 30, 2021
(Dollars in Thousands) |  | Borrowings |  | Unamortized Deferred Issuance Costs / Discount |  | Net Carrying Value |  | Limit |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) |  | Final Maturity
Facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recourse Subordinate Securities Financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sequoia |  | $ | 160,102 |  |  | $ | (521) |  |  | $ | 159,581 |  |  | N/A |  | 4.21 | % |  | 9/2024
CAFL |  | 102,424 |  |  | (505) |  |  | 101,919 |  |  | N/A |  | 4.21 | % |  | 2/2025
Non-Recourse BPL Financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Facility A |  | 45,582 |  |  | (444) |  |  | 45,138 |  |  | 45,582 |  |  | L + 3.85% |  | 7/2022
Facility B |  | 57,616 |  |  | (199) |  |  | 57,417 |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | L + 3.00% |  | N/A
Recourse BPL Financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Facility C |  | 269,100 |  |  | — |  |  | 269,100 |  |  | 450,000 |  |  | L + 3.40% |  | 6/2023
Facility D |  | 200,275 |  |  | (158) |  |  | 200,117 |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | L + 3.00% |  | 9/2023
Total Long-Term Debt Facilities |  | 835,099 |  |  | (1,827) |  |  | 833,272 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.75% convertible senior notes |  | 198,629 |  |  | (2,356) |  |  | 196,273 |  |  | N/A |  | 4.75 | % |  | 8/2023
5.625% convertible senior notes |  | 150,200 |  |  | (2,450) |  |  | 147,750 |  |  | N/A |  | 5.625 | % |  | 7/2024
5.75% exchangeable senior notes |  | 172,092 |  |  | (3,776) |  |  | 168,316 |  |  | N/A |  | 5.75 | % |  | 10/2025
Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes |  | 139,500 |  |  | (803) |  |  | 138,697 |  |  | N/A |  | L + 2.25% |  | 7/2037
Total Long-Term Debt |  | $ | 1,495,520 |  |  | $ | (11,212) |  |  | $ | 1,484,308 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)Variable rate borrowings are based on 1- or 3-month LIBOR ("L" in the table above) plus an applicable spread.
Non-Recourse BPL Financing Facilities
In the second quarter of 2021, we repaid one of our non-recourse BPL financing facilities that had a balance of $242 million at March 31, 2021, and entered into a new non-recourse facility to finance business purpose bridge loans with a total borrowing capacity of $250 million (see details for "Facility B" above).
Recourse BPL Financing Facilities
In the second quarter of 2021, we reclassified one of our recourse facilities with a borrowing capacity of $450 million from short-term to long-term debt as we amended the terms of this facility, including an extension of its maturity (see details for "Facility C" above).
53

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 15. Long-Term Debt - (continued)
The following table below presents the value of loans, securities, and other assets pledged as collateral under our long-term debt at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 15.2 – Collateral for Long-Term Debt

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Collateral Type |  |  |  |
Bridge loans |  | $ | 555,791 |  |  | $ | 544,151 |
Single-family rental loans |  | 246,903 |  |  | 154,774 |
Real estate securities |  |  |  |
Sequoia securitizations (1) |  | 256,910 |  |  | 249,446 |
CAFL securitizations (1) |  | 112,207 |  |  | 114,044 |
Total real estate securities owned |  | 369,117 |  |  | 363,490 |
Other BPL investments |  | — |  |  | 21,414 |
Restricted cash |  | — |  |  | 1,100 |
Total Collateral for Long-Term Debt |  | $ | 1,171,811 |  |  | $ | 1,084,929 |

(1)Represents securities we have retained from consolidated securitization entities. For GAAP purposes, we consolidate the loans and non-recourse ABS debt issued from these securitizations.
The following table summarizes the accrued interest payable on long-term debt at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 15.3 – Accrued Interest Payable on Long-Term Debt

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Long-term debt facilities |  | $ | 704 |  |  | $ | 1,799 |
Convertible notes |  |  |  |
4.75% convertible senior notes |  | 3,564 |  |  | 3,564 |
5.625% convertible senior notes |  | 3,896 |  |  | 3,896 |
5.75% exchangeable senior notes |  | 2,474 |  |  | 2,474 |
Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes |  | 585 |  |  | 669 |
Total Accrued Interest Payable on Long-Term Debt |  | $ | 11,223 |  |  | $ | 12,402 |

Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for a full description of our long-term debt.
Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
At June 30, 2021, we were obligated under seven non-cancelable operating leases with expiration dates through 2031 for $19 million of cumulative lease payments. Our operating lease expense was $2 million for both six-month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
54

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies - (continued)
The following table presents our future lease commitments at June 30, 2021.
Table 16.1 – Future Lease Commitments by Year

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021
2021 (6 months) |  | $ | 1,854 |
2022 |  | 3,714 |
2023 |  | 3,235 |
2024 |  | 2,411 |
2025 |  | 1,983 |
2026 and thereafter |  | 6,128 |
Total Lease Commitments |  | 19,325 |
Less: Imputed interest |  | (3,328) |
Operating Lease Liabilities |  | $ | 15,997 |

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we did not enter into any office leases. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we increased our operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities by $1 million as the result of an amendment to one of our existing leases. At June 30, 2021, our operating lease liabilities were $16 million, which were a component of Accrued expenses and other liabilities, and our operating lease right-of-use assets were $14 million, which were a component of Other assets.
We determined that none of our leases contained an implicit interest rate and used a discount rate equal to our incremental borrowing rate on a collateralized basis to determine the present value of our total lease payments. As such, we determined the applicable discount rate for each of our leases using a swap rate plus an applicable spread for borrowing arrangements secured by our real estate loans and securities for a length of time equal to the remaining lease term on the date of adoption. At June 30, 2021, the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for our leases was 7 years and 4.9%, respectively.
Commitment to Fund Bridge Loans
As of June 30, 2021, we had commitments to fund up to $374 million of additional advances on existing bridge loans. These commitments are generally subject to loan agreements with covenants regarding the financial performance of the customer and other terms regarding advances that must be met before we fund the commitment. At June 30, 2021, we carried a $0.3 million contingent liability related to these commitments to fund construction advances. We may also advance funds related to loans sold under a separate loan sale agreement that are generally repaid immediately by the loan purchaser and do not generally expose us to loss. The outstanding commitments related to these loans that we may temporarily fund totaled approximately $0.3 million at June 30, 2021. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded net market valuation gains of $1 million and $2 million, respectively, related to this liability through Mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a net market valuation gain of $2 million and a net market valuation loss of $2 million, respectively, related to this liability through Mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Commitment to Fund Partnerships
In 2018, we invested in two partnerships created to acquire and manage certain mortgage servicing related assets (see Note 10 for additional detail). In connection with this investment, we are required to fund future net servicer advances related to the underlying mortgage loans. The actual amount of net servicer advances we may fund in the future is subject to significant uncertainty and will be based on the credit and prepayment performance of the underlying loans.
55

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies - (continued)
Loss Contingencies — Risk-Sharing
During 2015 and 2016, we sold conforming loans to the Agencies with an original unpaid principal balance of $3.19 billion, subject to our risk-sharing arrangements with the Agencies. At June 30, 2021, the maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these arrangements was $44 million and this amount was partially collateralized by assets we transferred to pledged accounts and is presented as pledged collateral in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. We have no recourse to any third parties that would allow us to recover any amounts related to our obligations under the arrangements. At June 30, 2021, we had not incurred any losses under these arrangements. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, other income related to these arrangements was $1 million and $2 million, respectively, and net market valuation losses related to these investments were less than $0.1 million for both periods. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, other income related to these arrangements was $1 million and $2 million, respectively, and net market valuation losses related to these investments were less than $0.2 million and $1 million, respectively.
All of the loans in the reference pools subject to these risk-sharing arrangements were originated in 2014 and 2015, and at June 30, 2021, the loans had an unpaid principal balance of $702 million and a weighted average FICO score of 756 (at origination) and LTV ratio of 75% (at origination). At June 30, 2021, $29 million of the loans were 90 days or more delinquent, of which one of these loans with an unpaid principal balance of $0.2 million was in foreclosure. At June 30, 2021, the carrying value of our guarantee obligation was $8 million and included $5 million designated as a non-amortizing credit reserve, which we believe is sufficient to cover current expected losses under these obligations.
Our consolidated balance sheets include assets of special purpose entities ("SPEs") associated with these risk-sharing arrangements (i.e., the "pledged collateral" referred to above) that can only be used to settle obligations of these SPEs for which the creditors of these SPEs (the Agencies) do not have recourse to Redwood Trust, Inc. or its affiliates. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, assets of such SPEs totaled $34 million and $46 million, respectively, and liabilities of such SPEs totaled $8 million and $10 million, respectively.
Loss Contingencies — Residential Repurchase Reserve
We maintain a repurchase reserve for potential obligations arising from representation and warranty violations related to residential loans we have sold to securitization trusts or third parties and for conforming residential loans associated with MSRs that we have purchased from third parties. We do not originate residential loans and we believe the initial risk of loss due to loan repurchases (i.e., due to a breach of representations and warranties) would generally be a contingency to the companies from whom we acquired the loans. However, in some cases, for example, where loans were acquired from companies that have since become insolvent, repurchase claims may result in our being liable for a repurchase obligation. Additionally, for certain loans we sold during the second quarter of 2020 that were previously held for investment, we have a direct obligation to repurchase these loans in the event of any early payment defaults (or "EPDs") by the underlying mortgage borrowers within certain specified periods following the sales.
At both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our repurchase reserve associated with our residential loans and MSRs was $9 million and was recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
We received one and five repurchase requests during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and repurchased one and zero loans, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we recorded repurchase provisions of $0.3 million and $4 million, respectively, that were recorded in Mortgage banking activities, net; Investment fair value changes, net; and Other income on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
56

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies - (continued)
Loss Contingencies — Litigation, Claims and Demands
There is no significant update regarding the litigation matters described in Note 16 within the financial statements included in Redwood’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the heading “Loss Contingencies - Litigation.” At June 30, 2021, the aggregate amount of loss contingency reserves established in respect of the FHLB-Seattle and Schwab litigation matters described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $2 million. At June 30, 2021, the aggregate amount of our accrual for estimated costs associated with the "Residential Loan Seller Demands" described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $2 million, a portion of which is contingent on the successful completion of future residential loan purchase and sale transactions with certain counterparties. We believe we have either resolved or adequately accrued for any unresolved Residential Loan Seller Demands and that there are no other Residential Loan Seller Demands that are reasonably possible to result in a material loss.
Note 17. Equity
The following table provides a summary of changes to accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 17.1 – Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(In Thousands) |  | Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Interest Rate Agreements Accounted for as Cash Flow Hedges |  | Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Interest Rate Agreements Accounted for as Cash Flow Hedges
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 84,527 |  |  | $ | (79,539) |  |  | $ | (1,865) |  |  | $ | (83,666) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  | 11,224 |  |  | — |  |  | 52,393 |  |  | — |
Amounts reclassified from other accumulated comprehensive income |  | (7,500) |  |  | 1,028 |  |  | 2,718 |  |  | 1,029 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income |  | 3,724 |  |  | 1,028 |  |  | 55,111 |  |  | 1,029 |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 88,251 |  |  | $ | (78,511) |  |  | $ | 53,246 |  |  | $ | (82,637) |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(In Thousands) |  | Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Interest Rate Agreements Accounted for as Cash Flow Hedges |  | Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Interest Rate Agreements Accounted for as Cash Flow Hedges
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 76,336 |  |  | $ | (80,557) |  |  | $ | 92,452 |  |  | $ | (50,939) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  | 22,210 |  |  | — |  |  | (28,126) |  |  | (32,806) |
Amounts reclassified from other accumulated comprehensive income (loss) |  | (10,295) |  |  | 2,046 |  |  | (11,080) |  |  | 1,108 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 11,915 |  |  | 2,046 |  |  | (39,206) |  |  | (31,698) |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 88,251 |  |  | $ | (78,511) |  |  | $ | 53,246 |  |  | $ | (82,637) |

57

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 17. Equity - (continued)
The following table provides a summary of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 17.2 – Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

|  |  |  | Amount Reclassified From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
|  | Affected Line Item in the |  | Three Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | Income Statement |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net Realized (Gain) Loss on AFS Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in allowance for credit losses on AFS securities |  | Investment fair value changes, net |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (54) |
Gain on sale of AFS securities |  | Realized gains, net |  | (7,487) |  |  | 2,772 |
|  |  |  | $ | (7,500) |  |  | $ | 2,718 |
Net Realized Loss on Interest Rate Agreements Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred loss |  | Interest expense |  | $ | 1,028 |  |  | $ | 1,029 |
|  |  |  | $ | 1,028 |  |  | $ | 1,029 |

|  |  |  | Amount Reclassified From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
|  | Affected Line Item in the |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | Income Statement |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net Realized (Gain) Loss on AFS Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
(Decrease) increase in allowance for credit losses on AFS securities |  | Investment fair value changes, net |  | $ | (388) |  |  | $ | 1,471 |
Gain on sale of AFS securities |  | Realized gains, net |  | (9,907) |  |  | (12,551) |
|  |  |  | $ | (10,295) |  |  | $ | (11,080) |
Net Realized Loss on Interest Rate Agreements Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred loss |  | Interest expense |  | $ | 2,046 |  |  | $ | 1,108 |
|  |  |  | $ | 2,046 |  |  | $ | 1,108 |

Issuance of Common Stock
We have an established program to sell up to an aggregate of $175 million of common stock from time to time in at-the-market ("ATM") offerings, with $110 million of remaining capacity available at June 30, 2021. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we did not issue any shares under this program.
Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan
During both the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we did not issue any shares of common stock through our Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
58

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 17. Equity - (continued)
Earnings (Loss) per Common Share
The following table provides the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share computations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 17.3 – Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands, except Share Data) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Basic Earnings (Loss) per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Redwood |  | $ | 90,025 |  |  | $ | 165,444 |  |  | $ | 187,282 |  |  | $ | (777,954) |
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities |  | (3,149) |  |  | (4,528) |  |  | (6,458) |  |  | (1,011) |
Net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders |  | $ | 86,876 |  |  | $ | 160,916 |  |  | $ | 180,824 |  |  | $ | (778,965) |
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 112,921,070 |  |  | 114,383,289 |  |  | 112,337,984 |  |  | 114,229,928 |
Basic Earnings (Loss) per Common Share |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |  |  | $ | 1.61 |  |  | $ | (6.82) |
Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Redwood |  | $ | 90,025 |  |  | $ | 165,444 |  |  | $ | 187,282 |  |  | $ | (777,954) |
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities |  | (2,869) |  |  | (3,116) |  |  | (5,829) |  |  | (1,011) |
Adjust for interest expense and gain on extinguishment of convertible notes for the period, net of tax |  | 6,990 |  |  | (15,835) |  |  | 13,971 |  |  | — |
Net income (loss) allocated to common shareholders |  | $ | 94,146 |  |  | $ | 146,493 |  |  | $ | 195,424 |  |  | $ | (778,965) |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 112,921,070 |  |  | 114,383,289 |  |  | 112,337,984 |  |  | 114,229,928 |
Net effect of dilutive equity awards |  | 273,139 |  |  | — |  |  | 234,353 |  |  | — |
Net effect of assumed convertible notes conversion to common shares |  | 28,566,875 |  |  | 32,715,790 |  |  | 28,566,875 |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 141,761,084 |  |  | 147,099,079 |  |  | 141,139,212 |  |  | 114,229,928 |
Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Common Share |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | (6.82) |

We included participating securities, which are certain equity awards that have non-forfeitable dividend participation rights, in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share as we determined that the two-class method was more dilutive than the alternative treasury stock method for these shares. Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities under the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations require specific shares to be included that may differ in certain circumstances.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, certain of our convertible notes were determined to be dilutive and were included in the calculation of diluted EPS under the "if-converted" method. Under this method, the periodic interest expense (net of applicable taxes) for dilutive notes is added back to the numerator and the weighted average number of shares that the notes are entitled to (if converted, regardless of whether they are in or out of the money) are included in the denominator.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, 34.1 million of common shares related to the assumed conversion of our convertible notes were antidilutive and were excluded in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the number of outstanding equity awards that were antidilutive totaled 18,645 and 17,053, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the number of outstanding equity awards that were antidilutive totaled 11,561 and 16,405, respectively.
59

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 17. Equity - (continued)
Stock Repurchases
In February 2018, our Board of Directors approved an authorization for the repurchase of our common stock, increasing the total amount authorized for repurchases of common stock to $100 million, and also authorized the repurchase of outstanding debt securities, including convertible and exchangeable debt. This authorization increased the previous share repurchase authorization approved in February 2016 and has no expiration date. This repurchase authorization does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares or securities. Under this authorization, shares or securities may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we did not repurchase any shares. At June 30, 2021, $78 million of the current authorization remained available for the repurchase of shares of our common stock and we also continued to be authorized to repurchase outstanding debt securities.
Note 18. Equity Compensation Plans
At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 7,443,250 and 7,957,891 shares of common stock, respectively, were available for grant under our Incentive Plan. The unamortized compensation cost of awards issued under the Incentive Plan, which are settled by delivery of shares of common stock and purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, totaled $27 million at June 30, 2021, as shown in the following table.
Table 18.1 – Activities of Equity Compensation Costs by Award Type

|  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(In Thousands) |  |  |  | Restricted Stock Awards |  | Restricted Stock Units |  | Deferred Stock Units |  | Performance Stock Units |  | Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  | Total
Unrecognized compensation cost at beginning of period |  |  |  | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 3,540 |  |  | $ | 17,766 |  |  | $ | 5,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,664 |
Equity grants |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,370 |  |  | 3,141 |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |  |  | 5,770 |
Performance-based valuation adjustment |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,072 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,072 |
Equity grant forfeitures |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | (610) |  |  | (550) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,162) |
Equity compensation expense |  |  |  | (271) |  |  | (752) |  |  | (3,629) |  |  | (1,355) |  |  | (130) |  |  | (6,137) |
Unrecognized Compensation Cost at End of Period |  |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 4,548 |  |  | $ | 16,728 |  |  | $ | 5,511 |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 27,207 |

At June 30, 2021, the weighted average amortization period remaining for all of our equity awards was one year.
Restricted Stock Awards ("RSAs")
At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were 29,693 and 78,998 shares, respectively, of RSAs outstanding. Restrictions on these shares lapse through 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, there were no RSAs granted, restrictions on 49,305 RSAs lapsed and those shares were distributed, and no RSAs were forfeited.
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")
At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were 453,811 and 282,424 shares, respectively, of RSUs outstanding. Restrictions on these shares lapse through 2025. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, there were 272,261 RSUs granted, 62,494 RSUs distributed, and 38,380 RSUs forfeited.
Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”)
At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were 3,081,201 and 2,805,144 DSUs, respectively, outstanding of which 1,437,464 and 1,206,125, respectively, had vested. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, there were 463,213 DSUs granted, 155,995 DSUs distributed, and 31,161 DSUs forfeited. Unvested DSUs at June 30, 2021 vest through 2025.
60

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 18. Equity Compensation Plans - (continued)
Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”)
At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the target number of PSUs that were unvested was 955,710 and 978,735, respectively. Vesting for all PSUs will generally occur at the end of three years from their grant date based on various Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") performance calculations, as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. With respect to PSUs granted in May 2018, the three-year performance period ended during the second quarter of 2021, resulting in the vesting of no shares of our common stock. During the second quarter of 2021, for PSUs granted in 2020, we adjusted the future amortization expense by $1 million to reflect our current estimate of the number of shares expected to vest in relation to the performance condition for the initial one-year vesting tranche.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP")
The ESPP allows a maximum of 850,000 shares of common stock to be purchased in aggregate for all employees. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 523,991 and 489,886 shares had been purchased, respectively, and there remained a negligible amount of uninvested employee contributions in the ESPP at June 30, 2021.
Note 19. Mortgage Banking Activities, Net
The following table presents the components of Mortgage banking activities, net, recorded in our consolidated statements of income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 19.1 – Mortgage Banking Activities

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Residential Mortgage Banking Activities, Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in fair value of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, at fair value (1) |  | $ | 76,907 |  |  | $ | (1,393) |  |  | $ | 47,634 |  |  | $ | 6,562 |
Trading securities (2) |  | (1,095) |  |  | — |  |  | (374) |  |  | — |
Risk management derivatives (3) |  | (55,740) |  |  | — |  |  | 33,224 |  |  | (31,294) |
Other income (expense), net (4) |  | 1,193 |  |  | (6,612) |  |  | 2,216 |  |  | (6,354) |
Total residential mortgage banking activities, net |  | 21,265 |  |  | (8,005) |  |  | 82,700 |  |  | (31,086) |
Business Purpose Mortgage Banking Activities, Net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in fair value of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family rental loans, at fair value (1) |  | 25,966 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 36,214 |  |  | 13,018 |
Risk management derivatives (3) |  | (2,504) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | (21,538) |
Bridge loans, at fair value |  | 2,225 |  |  | (1,260) |  |  | 3,269 |  |  | (5,194) |
Other income, net (5) |  | 7,467 |  |  | 2,073 |  |  | 13,489 |  |  | 9,916 |
Total business purpose mortgage banking activities, net |  | 33,154 |  |  | 2,023 |  |  | 54,326 |  |  | (3,798) |
Mortgage Banking Activities, Net |  | $ | 54,419 |  |  | $ | (5,982) |  |  | $ | 137,026 |  |  | $ | (34,884) |

(1)For residential loans, includes changes in fair value for associated loan purchase and forward sale commitments. For single-family rental loans, includes changes in fair value for associated interest rate lock commitments.
(2)Represents fair value changes on trading securities that are being used as hedges to manage the mark-to-market risks associated with our residential mortgage banking operations.
(3)Represents market valuation changes of derivatives that were used to manage risks associated with our mortgage banking operations.
(4)Amounts in this line item include other fee income from loan acquisitions and provisions for repurchase expense, presented net.
(5)Amounts in this line item include other fee income from loan originations.
61

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 20. Other Income
The following table presents the components of Other income recorded in our consolidated statements of income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 20.1 – Other Income

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
MSR (loss) income, net |  | $ | (43) |  |  | $ | (1,424) |  |  | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | (3,233) |
Risk share income |  | 861 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 1,743 |  |  | 1,946 |
FHLBC capital stock dividend |  | 25 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 1,085 |
Bridge loan fees |  | 911 |  |  | 626 |  |  | 1,604 |  |  | 1,804 |
Other |  | 372 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 1,918 |  |  | 2,491 |
Other Income |  | $ | 2,126 |  |  | $ | 1,165 |  |  | $ | 5,969 |  |  | $ | 4,093 |

62

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 21. General and Administrative Expenses, Loan Acquisition Costs, and Other Expenses
Components of our general and administrative expenses, loan acquisition costs, and other expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are presented in the following table.
Table 21.1 – Components of General and Administrative Expenses, Loan Acquisition Costs, and Other Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
General and Administrative Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed compensation expense |  | $ | 11,269 |  |  | $ | 11,818 |  |  | $ | 23,074 |  |  | $ | 26,502 |
Annual variable compensation |  | 12,508 |  |  | 3,278 |  |  | 31,177 |  |  | 3,289 |
Long-term incentive award expense (1) |  | 5,682 |  |  | 3,262 |  |  | 9,851 |  |  | 5,257 |
Acquisition-related equity compensation expense (2) |  | 1,212 |  |  | 1,212 |  |  | 2,424 |  |  | 2,424 |
Systems and consulting |  | 3,272 |  |  | 2,395 |  |  | 6,249 |  |  | 5,607 |
Office costs |  | 2,024 |  |  | 1,887 |  |  | 3,832 |  |  | 3,995 |
Accounting and legal |  | 1,221 |  |  | 2,788 |  |  | 1,935 |  |  | 5,004 |
Corporate costs |  | 873 |  |  | 626 |  |  | 1,564 |  |  | 1,297 |
Other |  | 2,533 |  |  | 1,254 |  |  | 4,039 |  |  | 3,827 |
Total General and Administrative Expenses |  | 40,594 |  |  | 28,520 |  |  | 84,145 |  |  | 57,202 |
Loan Acquisition Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions |  | 1,661 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 2,924 |  |  | 2,148 |
Underwriting costs |  | 1,836 |  |  | 856 |  |  | 3,521 |  |  | 2,518 |
Transfer and holding costs |  | 251 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 862 |  |  | 892 |
Total Loan Acquisition Costs |  | 3,748 |  |  | 1,572 |  |  | 7,307 |  |  | 5,558 |
Other Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill impairment expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88,675 |
Amortization of purchase-related intangible assets |  | 3,873 |  |  | 3,873 |  |  | 7,746 |  |  | 8,182 |
Other |  | 112 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 335 |  |  | (359) |
Total Other Expenses |  | 3,985 |  |  | 5,083 |  |  | 8,081 |  |  | 96,498 |
Total General and Administrative Expenses, Loan Acquisition Costs, and Other Expenses |  | $ | 48,327 |  |  | $ | 35,175 |  |  | $ | 99,533 |  |  | $ | 159,258 |

(1)For the three months ended June 30, 2021, long-term incentive award expense includes $4 million of expense for awards settleable in shares of our common stock and $1 million of expense for awards settleable in cash. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, long-term incentive award expense includes $7 million of expense for awards settleable in shares of our common stock and $3 million of expense for awards settleable in cash.
(2)Acquisition-related equity compensation expense relates to 588,260 shares of restricted stock that were issued to members of CoreVest management as a component of the consideration paid to them for our purchase of their interests in CoreVest. The grant date fair value of these restricted stock awards was $10 million, which is being recognized as compensation expense over the two-year vesting period on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP.
63

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 22. Taxes
For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized a provision for income taxes of $18 million and a benefit from income taxes of $22 million, respectively. The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal and state tax rates to our effective tax rate at June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 22.1 – Reconciliation of Statutory Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rate

|  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2020
Federal statutory rate |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
State statutory rate, net of Federal tax effect |  | 8.6 | % |  | 8.6 | %
Differences in taxable (loss) income from GAAP income |  | (14.1) | % |  | (23.6) | %
Change in valuation allowance |  | (3.3) | % |  | (3.2) | %
Dividends paid deduction (1) |  | (3.3) | % |  | — | %
Effective Tax Rate |  | 8.9 | % |  | 2.8 | %

(1)The dividends paid deduction in the effective tax rate reconciliation is generally representative of the amount of distributions to shareholders that reduce REIT taxable income. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the dividends paid deduction is 0% due to our REIT incurring a taxable loss during the period; therefore, there was no REIT taxable income available to apply against the dividends paid.
We assessed our tax positions for all open tax years (i.e., Federal, 2017 to 2021, and State, 2016 to 2021) at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and concluded that we had no uncertain tax positions that resulted in material unrecognized tax benefits.
Note 23. Segment Information
Redwood operates in three segments: Residential Lending, Business Purpose Lending, and Third-Party Investments. For a full description of our segments, see Part I, Item 1—Business in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Segment contribution represents the measure of profit that management uses to assess the performance of our business segments and make resource allocation and operating decisions. Certain corporate expenses not directly assigned or allocated to one of our three segments, as well as activity from certain consolidated Sequoia entities, are included in the Corporate/Other column as reconciling items to our consolidated financial statements. These unallocated corporate expenses primarily include interest expense from our convertible notes and trust preferred securities, indirect general and administrative expenses and other expense.
64

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 23. Segment Information - (continued)
The following tables present financial information by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 23.1 – Business Segment Financial Information

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
(In Thousands) |  | Residential Lending |  | Business Purpose Lending |  | Third-Party Investments |  | Corporate/ Other |  | Total
Interest income |  | $ | 33,033 |  |  | $ | 70,515 |  |  | $ | 33,972 |  |  | $ | 1,175 |  |  | $ | 138,695 |
Interest expense |  | (21,056) |  |  | (54,442) |  |  | (22,334) |  |  | (10,233) |  |  | (108,065) |
Net interest income |  | 11,977 |  |  | 16,073 |  |  | 11,638 |  |  | (9,058) |  |  | 30,630 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking activities, net |  | 21,265 |  |  | 33,154 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54,419 |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | 3,927 |  |  | 3,782 |  |  | 42,018 |  |  | (247) |  |  | 49,480 |
Other income, net |  | 839 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 2,126 |
Realized gains, net |  | 6,687 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,384 |
Total non-interest income (loss), net |  | 32,718 |  |  | 38,343 |  |  | 43,330 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 114,409 |
General and administrative expenses |  | (7,793) |  |  | (13,688) |  |  | (930) |  |  | (18,183) |  |  | (40,594) |
Loan acquisition costs |  | (1,887) |  |  | (1,861) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,748) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | (3,873) |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,985) |
Provision for income taxes |  | (4,171) |  |  | (2,182) |  |  | (334) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,687) |
Segment Contribution |  | $ | 30,844 |  |  | $ | 32,812 |  |  | $ | 53,592 |  |  | $ | (27,223) |  |  |
Net Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 90,025 |
Non-cash amortization (expense) income, net |  | $ | 1,339 |  |  | $ | (5,584) |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | (1,955) |  |  | $ | (6,015) |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(In Thousands) |  | Residential Lending |  | Business Purpose Lending |  | Third-Party Investments |  | Corporate/ Other |  | Total
Interest income |  | $ | 60,581 |  |  | $ | 134,920 |  |  | $ | 68,962 |  |  | $ | 2,537 |  |  | $ | 267,000 |
Interest expense |  | (40,093) |  |  | (104,517) |  |  | (45,513) |  |  | (20,494) |  |  | (210,617) |
Net interest income |  | 20,488 |  |  | 30,403 |  |  | 23,449 |  |  | (17,957) |  |  | 56,383 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking activities, net |  | 82,700 |  |  | 54,326 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 137,026 |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | 6,673 |  |  | 7,081 |  |  | 81,734 |  |  | (921) |  |  | 94,567 |
Other income, net |  | 3,692 |  |  | 1,860 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 5,969 |
Realized gains, net |  | 9,095 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 1,507 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,100 |
Total non-interest income, net |  | 102,160 |  |  | 63,765 |  |  | 83,246 |  |  | (509) |  |  | 248,662 |
General and administrative expenses |  | (21,550) |  |  | (24,847) |  |  | (2,061) |  |  | (35,687) |  |  | (84,145) |
Loan acquisition costs |  | (3,303) |  |  | (3,913) |  |  | (87) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (7,307) |
Other expenses |  | (6) |  |  | (7,650) |  |  | (442) |  |  | 17 |  |  | (8,081) |
Provision for income taxes |  | (14,150) |  |  | (3,503) |  |  | (577) |  |  | — |  |  | (18,230) |
Segment Contribution |  | $ | 83,639 |  |  | $ | 54,255 |  |  | $ | 103,528 |  |  | $ | (54,140) |  |  |
Net Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 187,282 |
Non-cash amortization (expense) income, net |  | $ | 3,005 |  |  | $ | (11,441) |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | (3,850) |  |  | $ | (12,245) |

65

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 23. Segment Information - (continued)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(In Thousands) |  | Residential Lending |  | Business Purpose Lending |  | Third-Party Investments |  | Corporate/ Other |  | Total
Interest income |  | $ | 36,653 |  |  | $ | 53,742 |  |  | $ | 36,811 |  |  | $ | 2,740 |  |  | $ | 129,946 |
Interest expense |  | (28,762) |  |  | (36,631) |  |  | (24,927) |  |  | (12,346) |  |  | (102,666) |
Net interest income |  | 7,891 |  |  | 17,111 |  |  | 11,884 |  |  | (9,606) |  |  | 27,280 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking activities, net |  | (8,005) |  |  | 2,023 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,982) |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | 35,085 |  |  | 40,401 |  |  | 76,972 |  |  | (230) |  |  | 152,228 |
Other income, net |  | 230 |  |  | 686 |  |  | (509) |  |  | 758 |  |  | 1,165 |
Realized gains, net |  | 205 |  |  | — |  |  | 578 |  |  | 25,182 |  |  | 25,965 |
Total non-interest income, net |  | 27,515 |  |  | 43,110 |  |  | 77,041 |  |  | 25,710 |  |  | 173,376 |
General and administrative expenses |  | (3,700) |  |  | (9,016) |  |  | (1,986) |  |  | (13,818) |  |  | (28,520) |
Loan acquisition costs |  | (175) |  |  | (1,277) |  |  | (120) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,572) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | (3,884) |  |  | (1,065) |  |  | (134) |  |  | (5,083) |
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes |  | 3,323 |  |  | 2,439 |  |  | (5,799) |  |  | — |  |  | (37) |
Segment Contribution |  | $ | 34,854 |  |  | $ | 48,483 |  |  | $ | 79,955 |  |  | $ | 2,152 |  |  |
Net Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 165,444 |
Non-cash amortization income (expense), net |  | $ | (1,265) |  |  | $ | (6,391) |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | (1,619) |  |  | $ | (8,963) |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(In Thousands) |  | Residential Lending |  | Business Purpose Lending |  | Third-Party Investments |  | Corporate/ Other |  | Total
Interest income |  | $ | 97,284 |  |  | $ | 106,802 |  |  | $ | 118,007 |  |  | $ | 5,934 |  |  | $ | 328,027 |
Interest expense |  | (66,324) |  |  | (68,984) |  |  | (87,428) |  |  | (26,601) |  |  | (249,337) |
Net interest income |  | 30,960 |  |  | 37,818 |  |  | 30,579 |  |  | (20,667) |  |  | 78,690 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking activities, net |  | (31,086) |  |  | (3,798) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34,884) |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | (161,550) |  |  | (101,729) |  |  | (454,586) |  |  | (739) |  |  | (718,604) |
Other income, net |  | (267) |  |  | 2,870 |  |  | 732 |  |  | 758 |  |  | 4,093 |
Realized gains, net |  | 2,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,634 |  |  | 25,182 |  |  | 29,817 |
Total non-interest income, net |  | (190,902) |  |  | (102,657) |  |  | (451,220) |  |  | 25,201 |  |  | (719,578) |
General and administrative expenses |  | (8,299) |  |  | (20,656) |  |  | (3,521) |  |  | (24,726) |  |  | (57,202) |
Loan acquisition costs |  | (1,208) |  |  | (3,970) |  |  | (373) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (5,558) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | (96,869) |  |  | 817 |  |  | (446) |  |  | (96,498) |
Benefit from income taxes |  | 8,653 |  |  | 9,021 |  |  | 4,518 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,192 |
Segment Contribution |  | $ | (160,796) |  |  | $ | (177,313) |  |  | $ | (419,200) |  |  | $ | (20,645) |  |  |
Net Loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (777,954) |
Non-cash amortization income (expense), net |  | $ | (1,053) |  |  | $ | (11,316) |  |  | $ | 1,053 |  |  | $ | (1,728) |  |  | $ | (13,044) |
Other significant non-cash expense: goodwill impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (88,675) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (88,675) |

66

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 23. Segment Information - (continued)
The following table presents the components of Corporate/Other for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 23.2 – Components of Corporate/Other

|  | Three Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
(In Thousands) |  | Legacy Consolidated VIEs (1) |  | Other |  | Total |  | Legacy Consolidated VIEs (1) |  | Other |  | Total
Interest income |  | $ | 1,169 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 1,175 |  |  | $ | 2,685 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 2,740 |
Interest expense |  | (755) |  |  | (9,478) |  |  | (10,233) |  |  | (1,518) |  |  | (10,828) |  |  | (12,346) |
Net interest income |  | 414 |  |  | (9,472) |  |  | (9,058) |  |  | 1,167 |  |  | (10,773) |  |  | (9,606) |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | (216) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (247) |  |  | (230) |  |  | — |  |  | (230) |
Other income |  | — |  |  | 265 |  |  | 265 |  |  | — |  |  | 758 |  |  | 758 |
Realized gains, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,182 |  |  | 25,182 |
Total non-interest income, net |  | (216) |  |  | 234 |  |  | 18 |  |  | (230) |  |  | 25,940 |  |  | 25,710 |
General and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | (18,183) |  |  | (18,183) |  |  | — |  |  | (13,818) |  |  | (13,818) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (134) |  |  | (134) |
Total |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | (27,421) |  |  | $ | (27,223) |  |  | $ | 937 |  |  | $ | 1,215 |  |  | $ | 2,152 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
(In Thousands) |  | Legacy Consolidated VIEs (1) |  | Other |  | Total |  | Legacy Consolidated VIEs (1) |  | Other |  | Total
Interest income |  | $ | 2,517 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 2,537 |  |  | $ | 5,879 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 5,934 |
Interest expense |  | (1,630) |  |  | (18,864) |  |  | (20,494) |  |  | (4,040) |  |  | (22,561) |  |  | (26,601) |
Net interest income |  | 887 |  |  | (18,844) |  |  | (17,957) |  |  | 1,839 |  |  | (22,506) |  |  | (20,667) |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | (915) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (921) |  |  | (621) |  |  | (118) |  |  | (739) |
Other income |  | — |  |  | 412 |  |  | 412 |  |  | — |  |  | 758 |  |  | 758 |
Realized gains, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,182 |  |  | 25,182 |
Total non-interest income, net |  | (915) |  |  | 406 |  |  | (509) |  |  | (621) |  |  | 25,822 |  |  | 25,201 |
General and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | (35,687) |  |  | (35,687) |  |  | — |  |  | (24,726) |  |  | (24,726) |
Loan acquisition costs |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | (7) |
Other expenses |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | (446) |  |  | (446) |
Total |  | $ | (28) |  |  | $ | (54,112) |  |  | $ | (54,140) |  |  | $ | 1,218 |  |  | $ | (21,863) |  |  | $ | (20,645) |

(1) Legacy consolidated VIEs represent Legacy Sequoia entities that are consolidated for GAAP financial reporting purposes. See Note 4 for further discussion on VIEs.
67

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2021
(Unaudited)
Note 23. Segment Information - (continued)
The following table presents supplemental information by segment at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 23.3 – Supplemental Segment Information

(In Thousands) |  | Residential Lending |  | Business Purpose Lending |  |  |  | Third-Party Investments |  | Corporate/ Other |  | Total
June 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans |  | $ | 3,383,101 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,098,624 |  |  | $ | 260,875 |  |  | $ | 5,742,600 |
Business purpose loans |  | — |  |  | 4,408,889 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,408,889 |
Multifamily loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 485,157 |  |  | — |  |  | 485,157 |
Real estate securities |  | 163,609 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 191,277 |  |  | — |  |  | 354,886 |
Other investments |  | 8,721 |  |  | 13,168 |  |  |  |  | 267,851 |  |  | 18,992 |  |  | 308,732 |
Intangible assets |  | — |  |  | 49,119 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,119 |
Total assets |  | 3,615,860 |  |  | 4,576,139 |  |  |  |  | 3,063,094 |  |  | 741,298 |  |  | 11,996,391 |
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans |  | $ | 1,741,963 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,221,153 |  |  | $ | 285,935 |  |  | $ | 4,249,051 |
Business purpose loans |  | — |  |  | 4,136,353 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,136,353 |
Multifamily loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 492,221 |  |  | — |  |  | 492,221 |
Real estate securities |  | 160,780 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 183,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 344,125 |
Other investments |  | 8,815 |  |  | 21,627 |  |  |  |  | 317,282 |  |  | 451 |  |  | 348,175 |
Intangible assets |  | — |  |  | 56,865 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,865 |
Total assets |  | 1,989,802 |  |  | 4,323,040 |  |  |  |  | 3,232,415 |  |  | 809,809 |  |  | 10,355,066 |

68

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
INTRODUCTION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Our MD&A is presented in six main sections:
• Overview
• Results of Operations
–Consolidated Results of Operations
–Results of Operations by Segment
–Investments Detail
–Taxable Income and Tax Provision
• Liquidity and Capital Resources
• Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
• Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
• New Accounting Standards
Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this report and our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. The discussion in this MD&A contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, such as those discussed in the Cautionary Statement below.
References herein to “Redwood,” the “company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” include Redwood Trust, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. Financial information concerning our business is set forth in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our website can be found at www.redwoodtrust.com. We make available, free of charge through the investor information section of our website, access to our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as proxy statements, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We also make available, free of charge, access to our charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Governance and Nominating Committee, our Corporate Governance Standards, and our Code of Ethics governing our directors, officers, and employees. Within the time period required by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange, we will post on our website any amendment to the Code of Ethics and any waiver applicable to any executive officer or director of Redwood. In addition, our website includes information concerning purchases and sales of our equity securities by our executive officers and directors, and may include disclosure relating to certain non-GAAP financial measures (as defined in the SEC’s Regulation G) that we may make public orally, telephonically, by webcast, by broadcast, or by similar means from time to time. The information on our website is not part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our Investor Relations Department can be contacted at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, CA 94941, Attn: Investor Relations, telephone (866) 269-4976.
69

Our Business
Redwood Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is a specialty finance company focused on several distinct areas of housing credit. Our operating platforms occupy a unique position in the housing finance value chain, providing liquidity to growing segments of the U.S. housing market not served by government programs. We deliver customized housing credit investments to a diverse mix of investors through our best-in-class securitization platforms, whole-loan distribution activities and our publicly-traded shares. Our consolidated investment portfolio has evolved to incorporate a diverse mix of residential, business purpose and multifamily investments. Our goal is to provide attractive returns to shareholders through a stable and growing stream of earnings and dividends, capital appreciation, and a commitment to technological innovation that facilitates risk-minded scale. We operate our business in three segments: Residential Lending, Business Purpose Lending, and Third-Party Investments. For a full description of our segments, see Part 1, Item 1—Business in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Cautionary Statement
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan” and similar expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, under the caption “Risk Factors.” Other risks, uncertainties, and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected may be described from time to time in reports we file with the SEC, including reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, are forward-looking by their nature: (i) statements we make regarding Redwood's business strategy and strategic focus, including statements relating to our overall market position, strategy and long-term prospects (including trends driving the flow of capital in the housing finance market, our strategic initiatives designed to capitalize on those trends, our ability to attract capital to finance those initiatives, our approach to raising capital, our ability to pay dividends in the future, and the prospects for federal housing finance reform); (ii) statements related to our financial outlook and expectations for 2021; (iii) statements related to our investment portfolio, including that our portfolio continues to offer significant upside as the economy recovers, and upside from the scarcity value and optionality embedded in our portfolio, through both call rights on securitizations we have sponsored and underlying business purpose loan refinance opportunities, as well as the recurring nature of this aspect of our portfolio and the potential upside inherent in each new securitization we sponsor through our platforms; (iv) statements related to our residential and business purpose lending platforms, including that we expect our revenue mix between mortgage banking operations and our investment portfolio to continue to migrate towards mortgage banking, and the support this migration can provide for continued book value expansion over time through our ability to grow and retain earnings at our taxable REIT subsidiary; (v) statements related to regulatory changes in Washington, D.C., including expectations that regulatory changes for loans on second homes and investor properties has the potential to significantly increase volumes in our market in 2021 and beyond; (vi) statements relating to our estimate of our available capital (including that we estimate our available capital at June 30, 2021 was approximately $175 million); (vii) statements relating to acquiring residential mortgage loans in the future that we have identified for purchase or plan to purchase, including the amount of such loans that we identified for purchase during the second quarter of 2021 and at June 30, 2021, and expected fallout and the corresponding volume of residential mortgage loans expected to be available for purchase; (viii) statements we make regarding future dividends, including with respect to our regular quarterly dividends in 2021; and (ix) statements regarding our expectations and estimates relating to the characterization for income tax purposes of our dividend distributions, our expectations and estimates relating to tax accounting, tax liabilities and tax savings, and GAAP tax provisions, and our estimates of REIT taxable income and TRS taxable income.
Many of the factors that could affect our actual results are summarized below. One of the most significant factors, however, is the ongoing impact of the pandemic on the United States economy, homeowners, renters of housing, the housing market, the mortgage finance markets and the broader financial markets. It is difficult to fully assess the impact of the pandemic at this time, including because of the uncertainty around the severity and duration of the pandemic domestically and internationally, as well as the uncertainty around the efficacy of Federal, State and local governments’ efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 and respond to its direct and indirect impacts on many aspects of Americans’ lives and economic activity. Moreover, each of the factors summarized below is likely to also be impacted directly or indirectly by the ongoing impact of the pandemic and investors are cautioned to interpret substantially all of the risks identified in the Company’s previously published “Risk Factors” as being heightened as a result of the ongoing impact of the pandemic.
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Important factors, among others, that may affect our actual results include:
•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•general economic trends and the performance of the housing, real estate, mortgage finance, and broader financial markets;
•federal and state legislative and regulatory developments and the actions of governmental authorities and entities;
•changing benchmark interest rates, and the Federal Reserve’s actions and statements regarding monetary policy;
•our ability to compete successfully;
•our ability to adapt our business model and strategies to changing circumstances;
•strategic business and capital deployment decisions we make;
•our use of financial leverage;
•our exposure to a breach of our cybersecurity or data security;
•our exposure to credit risk and the timing of credit losses within our portfolio;
•the concentration of the credit risks we are exposed to, including due to the structure of assets we hold, the geographical concentration of real estate underlying assets we own, and our exposure to environmental and climate-related risks;
•the efficacy and expense of our efforts to manage or hedge credit risk, interest rate risk, and other financial and operational risks;
•changes in credit ratings on assets we own and changes in the rating agencies’ credit rating methodologies;
•changes in mortgage prepayment rates;
•changes in interest rates;
•our ability to redeploy our available capital into new investments;
•interest rate volatility, changes in credit spreads, and changes in liquidity in the market for real estate securities and loans;
•our ability to finance the acquisition of real estate-related assets with short-term debt;
•changes in the values of assets we own;
•the ability of counterparties to satisfy their obligations to us;
•our exposure to the discontinuation of LIBOR;
•our exposure to liquidity risk, risks associated with the use of leverage, and market risks;
•changes in the demand from investors for residential and business purpose mortgages and investments, and our ability to distribute residential and business purpose mortgages through our whole-loan distribution channel;
•our involvement in securitization transactions, the profitability of those transactions, and the risks we are exposed to in engaging in securitization transactions;
•exposure to claims and litigation, including litigation arising from our involvement in loan origination and securitization transactions;
•whether we have sufficient liquid assets to meet short-term needs;
•our ability to successfully retain or attract key personnel;
•changes in our investment, financing, and hedging strategies and new risks we may be exposed to if we expand our business activities;
•our exposure to a disruption of our technology infrastructure and systems;
•the impact on our reputation that could result from our actions or omissions or from those of others;
•our failure to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures;
•the termination of our captive insurance subsidiary’s membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank and the implications for our income generating abilities;
•the impact of changes to U.S. federal income tax laws on the U.S. housing market, mortgage finance markets, and our business;
•our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulation, including our ability to obtain or maintain the governmental licenses;
•our ability to maintain our status as a REIT for tax purposes;
•limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940;
•our common stock may experience price declines, volatility, and poor liquidity, and we may reduce our dividends in a variety of circumstances;
•decisions about raising, managing, and distributing capital;
•our exposure to broad market fluctuations; and
•other factors not presently identified.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain statistics and other data that in some cases have been obtained from or compiled from information made available by servicers and other third-party service providers.
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OVERVIEW
Business Update
Our second quarter results included strong GAAP earnings of $90 million ($0.66 per diluted share), and a 6.5% increase in book value to $11.46 at June 30, 2021. On an annualized basis, our first half GAAP return on equity was 31%. Our total economic return to shareholders, which includes growth in book value and dividends paid, was 19% for the first half of 2021.
Crisp execution contributed to the second quarter being another successful quarter, but in many ways the past few months have represented a threshold moment for our company. The true potential of our business has come into sharper focus, particularly as our teams faced formidable challenges and responded with vigor. Indeed, our Residential team executed an improbably strong finish against the backdrop of severe declines in profitability for many other mortgage market participants. Additionally, our Business Purpose Lending ("BPL") team, facing stiff competition, originated significant volumes during the second quarter, reaching levels we have not seen since before the COVID-19 pandemic began.
For many residential mortgage originators, recent results were buoyed largely by direct Federal Reserve stimulus. However, with substantial progress in U.S. COVID-19 vaccinations, and a near-total economic reopening across the country, the Federal Reserve has begun reconsidering the size of its support to the Agency mortgage market. And, in fact, during the second quarter, the rise in mortgage rates and corresponding decline in refinancing demand by homeowners triggered an unceremonious contraction in margins across the industry. Nowhere was this more apparent than the residential wholesale mortgage channel, where lenders engaged in an all-out price war to preserve volumes, pushing their profit margins to near breakeven levels or worse in the span of only a few months. Exaggerating the effects of strong competition was a surge in pro-cyclical inflationary rhetoric, and a volatile yield curve driving significant hedging and execution costs for those managing large mortgage loan pipelines – including for us. Against this backdrop, in the second quarter we locked close to $4 billion in jumbo residential loans at margins towards the high-end of our historical target range, underscoring the durability of our earnings power.
During the second quarter, the business purpose lending market also became more crowded, with new competitors using lower mortgage rates to expand their market share – particularly for lower-balance bridge and rental loan products that currently represent a small minority of our origination mix. The shift of households out of apartment living and towards single-family detached homes – a trend that has shown no sign of ebbing despite the "reopening" of most major metropolitan areas – has led to a shortage of high-quality homes, coupled with aggressive demand from both investors and consumers alike. In many regions, rent growth has been significantly outstripped by home price appreciation, highlighting the scarcity value of quality housing and the multiple constituencies focused on acquiring single-family homes. Leveraging a well-earned reputation as a nimble and reliable life-cycle lender, CoreVest – our business-purpose lending platform – eclipsed $500 million of fundings during the second quarter, balanced between single-family rental and bridge loan originations.
Our sustained performance through this challenging backdrop showcased our strategic foundation and is the essence of what makes Redwood unique. Our mortgage banking businesses offer highly complementary products that drive durable earnings streams at the corporate level. And our investment portfolio continues to offer significant upside as the economy recovers, well beyond what many industry observers had modeled after such a tumultuous pandemic period. Our credit discipline and ability to create our own assets remain key differentiators. The scarcity value and optionality embedded in our portfolio - through both call rights on securitizations we have sponsored and underlying business purpose loan refinance opportunities – offer upside beyond the current discount to face value of the underlying assets. Notably, this attractive aspect of our portfolio is a potential upside inherent in each new securitization we sponsor through our platforms.
This foundation has facilitated returns that are significantly outpacing our growing dividends. Redwood's mortgage banking income significantly exceeded net interest income at our investment portfolio during the first half of 2021, and we expect this revenue mix will likely continue to migrate toward mortgage banking and by extension our taxable subsidiaries. This proportion is significantly higher than in recent years and casts a spotlight on a shift in business model that had in many ways been hiding in plain sight. It can also support continued book value expansion over time and an increased level of retained earnings, a zero-cost avenue for additional capital that reduces our marginal need for funding and stands in contrast to how others in the space manage their balance sheets.
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Our team continues to relentlessly target a sector of the mortgage market that many had ignored since the COVID-19 pandemic began, in large part due to the absence of Federal Reserve stimulus for this industry sector. The non-Agency market we serve represents the full housing-related mortgage universe outside of government-backed mortgage programs. While it may be significantly smaller than the government-backed market, “small” is but a relative term, as the non-Agency sector is forecasted to increase volumes in 2021 from the $435 billion of originations in 2020. Importantly, this estimate reflects a regulatory pullback in demand for loans on second homes and investor properties by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the “GSEs”) that has the potential to significantly increase volumes in our market in 2021 and beyond, which would be a significant tailwind across our businesses going forward. By targeting a market rather than a specific borrower cohort, our fortunes aren’t tied to the direction of the homeownership rate. Instead, we’re focused on offering a comprehensive product mix that serves both consumers and housing investors. This approach allowed us to ramp quickly after the COVID-19 crisis passed, and our hands-on, solutions-based underwriting model (versus the more prescriptive approach favored by many) keeps us responsive to the customized needs of borrowers and to shifting external trends.
We’re proud of the leadership we demonstrated in the non-Agency market across both our platforms during the second quarter. For our Residential business, strong home price appreciation across the country pushed homeowner equity to the highest levels in at least a decade and naturally drove consumers to loans outside of the conforming balance limits of the GSEs. This has begun to diversify our geographic footprint, and we are now seeing a rising percentage of loan volume coming from parts of the country other than the coasts. We recently refocused our expanded credit product offerings in response to evolving homebuying trends and changes to the CFPB’s Qualified Mortgage (“QM”) regulations. We expect these changes will substantially reduce the frictional costs for a certain cohort of higher “debt-to-income” borrowers, whose financing options remain relatively limited. Volumes in Redwood Choice – our expanded-prime residential loan acquisition program – are once again building and represented close to 15% of our residential loan lock volume in the second quarter, up materially from 5% in the first quarter of 2021. As a reminder, Choice represented as much as 40% of our residential loan lock volume pre-pandemic.
In the context of a sustained supply/demand imbalance for high-quality affordable housing, our BPL business greatly benefited from the diversity and flexibility of its products in the second quarter and continued execution of the growth plan we outlined at the start of 2021. The longevity and depth of CoreVest’s borrower relationships creates a powerful multiplier effect when new borrowers become recurring customers. This intangible was clearly on display in the second quarter as the team posted over a 50% jump in mortgage banking income. We also advanced several strategic initiatives to expand CoreVest’s product reach – most notably a strategic investment in Churchill Finance, from whom we began purchasing smaller-balance single-family rental loans early in the third quarter of 2021.
By continuing to re-invest in our infrastructure, both organically and through partnerships, we see a path to realizing transformative scale. Across our enterprise, we’ve cultivated a talented and inspired workforce and have embraced technology to serve our customers more quickly than ever before. By combining enhanced systems and process improvements with the requisite amount of shoe leather, our teams have driven significant gains in output and efficiency thus far in 2021. As we enter the third quarter of 2021, the Federal Reserve has reiterated its support for the economy, supply chains have begun to adapt to a post COVID-19 world, and interest rates have once again fallen. We’re optimistic that this presents a potential tailwind for our businesses in the third quarter, to the extent the economic recovery builds and demand for housing remains robust. The uncertain outlook for interest rates and inflation underscores the balance of our business model, through which we comprehensively serve both homeowners and housing investors that would otherwise be inefficiently financed.
While we are excited about our performance during the second quarter and the growth potential ahead for shareholders, what ultimately differentiates our team is the quality of our people, and that our business provides meaningful benefits to our broader set of stakeholders. The impact our financing solutions have on local communities is palpable, and our experience and scale have enabled us to provide attractively priced debt to both owner-occupants and housing investors nationwide. But there remain cohorts of strong borrowers – particularly in underserved communities – who still don’t have access to financing at an attractive rate. Redwood’s mission is to offer solutions that can benefit all borrowers not well served by government loan programs, something our people are focused on and will hold ourselves accountable to in the months and years ahead.
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Second Quarter Overview
The following table presents key financial metrics for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 1 – Key Financial Metrics

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In Thousands, except per Share Data) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021
Net income per diluted common share |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |
Annualized GAAP return on equity |  | 28.7 | % |  | 31.2 | %
Dividends per share |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |
Book value per share |  | $ | 11.46 |  |  | $ | 11.46 |
Economic return on book value (1) |  | 8.2 | % |  | 19.0 | %

(1)Economic return on book value is based on the periodic change in GAAP book value per common share plus dividends declared per common share during the period.
•Our second quarter 2021 results benefited from continued strength in our operating platforms, most notably increased business purpose mortgage banking revenues on higher volume and strong margins. These results, along with an increase in the value of our securities portfolio, contributed to a 6.5% increase in our book value per share during the quarter.
•In June 2021, we announced a 13% increase in our quarterly dividend to $0.18 per share for the second quarter of 2021.
•Our book value increased $0.70 per share to $11.46 per share during the second quarter of 2021, as basic earnings per share and comprehensive income from investments significantly exceeded our second quarter dividend of $0.18 per share.
•Our business purpose lending platform originated $527 million of business purpose mortgage loans in the second quarter, including $312 million of single-family rental loans and $215 million of residential bridge loans.
•Residential jumbo loan purchase commitments were $2.74 billion, and we purchased $3.45 billion of residential jumbo loans during the second quarter of 2021. At June 30, 2021, our pipeline of residential jumbo loans identified for purchase was $2.47 billion. Additionally, at June 30, 2021, we had entered into forward sale agreements for $1.21 billion of residential jumbo loans.
•During the second quarter of 2021, we securitized $1.81 billion of loans through four securitizations across Residential and Business Purpose Lending, and distributed $1.82 billion of jumbo loans through whole loan sales.
•During the second quarter of 2021, we settled call options on three Sequoia securitizations and one CAFL securitization, acquiring $83 million of seasoned residential jumbo loans at par and $45 million of seasoned single-family rental loans at par.
•During the second quarter of 2021, we added over $750 million of financing capacity to support growth of our operating platforms, including a refinance of $242 million of debt financing our bridge loans, reducing our cost of funds for our overall investments by over 100 basis points.
•During the second quarter of 2021, we retained $14 million of securities from a CoreVest securitization and $8 million of securities from Sequoia securitizations, purchased $2 million of other third-party securities, and sold $10 million of securities.
•At June 30, 2021, our unrestricted cash was $421 million, and our estimated available capital was $175 million (which does not include approximately $100 million of available capital generated from a non-marginable secur ed term financing we closed in early July 2021).
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Within this Results of Operations section, we provide commentary that compares results year-over-year for 2021 and 2020. Most tables include a "change" column that shows the amount by which the results from 2021 are greater or less than the results from the respective period in 2020. Unless otherwise specified, references in this section to increases or decreases during the "three-month periods" refer to the change in results for the second quarter of 2021, compared to the second quarter of 2020, and increases or decreases in the "six-month periods" refer to the change in results for the six months of 2021, compared to the first six months of 2020.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table presents the components of our net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 2 – Net Income (Loss)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
(In Thousands, except per Share Data) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change
Net Interest Income |  | $ | 30,630 |  |  | $ | 27,280 |  |  | $ | 3,350 |  |  |  | $ | 56,383 |  |  | $ | 78,690 |  |  | $ | (22,307) |
Non-interest Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking activities, net |  | 54,419 |  |  | (5,982) |  |  | 60,401 |  |  |  | 137,026 |  |  | (34,884) |  |  | 171,910 |
Investment fair value changes, net |  | 49,480 |  |  | 152,228 |  |  | (102,748) |  |  |  | 94,567 |  |  | (718,604) |  |  | 813,171 |
Other income |  | 2,126 |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | 961 |  |  |  | 5,969 |  |  | 4,093 |  |  | 1,876 |
Realized gains, net |  | 8,384 |  |  | 25,965 |  |  | (17,581) |  |  |  | 11,100 |  |  | 29,817 |  |  | (18,717) |
Total non-interest income (loss), net |  | 114,409 |  |  | 173,376 |  |  | (58,967) |  |  |  | 248,662 |  |  | (719,578) |  |  | 968,240 |
General and administrative expenses |  | (40,594) |  |  | (28,520) |  |  | (12,074) |  |  |  | (84,145) |  |  | (57,202) |  |  | (26,943) |
Loan acquisition costs |  | (3,748) |  |  | (1,572) |  |  | (2,176) |  |  |  | (7,307) |  |  | (5,558) |  |  | (1,749) |
Other expenses |  | (3,985) |  |  | (5,083) |  |  | 1,098 |  |  |  | (8,081) |  |  | (96,498) |  |  | 88,417 |
Net income (loss) before income taxes |  | 96,712 |  |  | 165,481 |  |  | (68,769) |  |  |  | 205,512 |  |  | (800,146) |  |  | 1,005,658 |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  | (6,687) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (6,650) |  |  |  | (18,230) |  |  | 22,192 |  |  | (40,422) |
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | 90,025 |  |  | $ | 165,444 |  |  | $ | (75,419) |  |  |  | $ | 187,282 |  |  | $ | (777,954) |  |  | $ | 965,236 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | (0.34) |  |  |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | (6.82) |  |  | $ | 8.20 |

Net Interest Income
The increase in net interest income during the three-mont h periods was primarily due to higher average balances of residential loans held for sale during the second quarter of 2021, as compared to the second quarter of 2020, due to a slowdown in loan acquisitions in the first half of 2020 related to the COVID-19 pandemic. For the six-month periods, the decrease in net interest expense was primarily related to higher average asset balances during the first half of 2020, as we repositioned our portfolio during the second quarter of 2020, selling a significant amount of assets and entering into new non-marginable and non-recourse borrowing facilities with higher interest rates.
Additional detail on net interest income is provided in the “Net Interest Income” section that follows.
Mortgage Banking Activities, Net
The increase in income from mortgage banking activities during the three- and six-month periods was primarily due to an increase in loan acquisition and origination volumes at both our residential and business purpose mortgage banking businesses during 2021, as well as higher margins, in both cases due to pandemic-related disruptions in 2020, which adversely impacted our origination volumes in 2020.
A more detailed analysis of the changes in this line item is included in the “Results of Operations b y Segment” section that follows.
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Investment Fair Value Changes, Net
Investment fair value changes, net, is primarily comprised of the change in fair values of our portfolio investments accounted for under the fair value option and, prior to the second quarter of 2020, interest rate hedges associated with these investments. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, positive investment fair value changes reflected continuing improvement in credit performance and spread tightening across our investment portfolio, particularly in our third-party re-performing loan ("RPL") and retained Sequoia and CAFL securities. Additional detail on our investment fair value changes during 2021 is included in the “Results of Operations by Segment” section that follows. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, investment fair value changes increased significantly, as the fair value of our investment assets recovered nearly one-third of the unrealized losses recognized in the first quarter of 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the negative investment fair value changes reflected significant declines in the value of our investments in the first quarter of 2020 resulting from pandemic- and liquidity-related disruptions.
Other Income
The increase in other income for the three- and six-month periods was primarily the result of an increase in income from our MSR investments, which generally benefited from a stabilization in prepayment speeds during 2021.
Realized Gains, Net
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we realized gains of $8 million and $11 million, respectively, primarily resulting from the call of one and four seasoned Sequoia securitizations, respectively, and the sale of $3 million and $5 million of AFS securities, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we realized gains of $26 million and $30 million, respectively, primarily resulting from a $25 million gain from the repurchase of $125 million of convertible debt during the second quarter of 2020.
General and Administrative Expenses
The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three- and six-month periods primarily resulted from increased accruals of variable compensation expense associated with improved financial results in 2021 as compared to 2020, as well as long-term incentive award expense from awards granted in the second half of 2020. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in fixed compensation costs, legal and other costs as a result of cost savings measures implemented during 2020.
Other Expenses
The decrease in other expenses for the six-month periods was primarily due to $89 million of goodwill impairment expense at our Business Purpose Lending segment recorded in the first quarter of 2020 that was taken as a result of the onset of pandemic- and liquidity-related disruptions.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes is almost entirely related to activity at our taxable REIT subsidiaries, which primarily includes our mortgage banking activities and MSR investments, as well as certain other investment and hedging activities. For the three- and six-month periods, the increase in provision for income taxes was primarily the result of positive GAAP income earned at our TRS in 2021, as compared to a significant loss in 2020. For additional detail on income taxes, see the “Taxable Income and Tax Provision” section that follows.
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Net Interest Income
The following table presents the components of net interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 3 – Net Interest Income

|  | Three Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
(Dollars in Thousands) |  | Interest Income/ (Expense) |  | Average Balance (1) |  | Yield |  | Interest Income/ (Expense) |  | Average Balance (1) |  | Yield
Interest Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, held-for-sale |  | $ | 13,266 |  |  | $ | 1,825,086 |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | $ | 8,537 |  |  | $ | 771,003 |  |  | 4.4 | %
Residential loans - HFI at Legacy Sequoia (2) |  | 1,169 |  |  | 263,735 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 2,685 |  |  | 305,160 |  |  | 3.5 | %
Residential loans - HFI at Sequoia (2) |  | 14,492 |  |  | 1,444,831 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | 22,565 |  |  | 1,826,727 |  |  | 4.9 | %
Residential loans - HFI at Freddie Mac SLST (2) |  | 19,506 |  |  | 2,111,445 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 21,187 |  |  | 2,115,716 |  |  | 4.0 | %
Business purpose loans |  | 15,474 |  |  | 920,189 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | 20,441 |  |  | 1,181,644 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Single-family rental loans - HFI at CAFL |  | 54,849 |  |  | 3,336,773 |  |  | 6.6 | % |  | 32,978 |  |  | 2,379,689 |  |  | 5.5 | %
Multifamily loans - HFI at Freddie Mac K-Series |  | 4,860 |  |  | 488,715 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | 4,870 |  |  | 470,896 |  |  | 4.1 | %
Trading securities |  | 5,527 |  |  | 140,115 |  |  | 15.8 | % |  | 6,587 |  |  | 127,506 |  |  | 20.7 | %
Available-for-sale securities |  | 3,752 |  |  | 128,413 |  |  | 11.7 | % |  | 3,440 |  |  | 128,486 |  |  | 10.7 | %
Other interest income |  | 5,800 |  |  | 779,236 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  | 6,656 |  |  | 848,105 |  |  | 3.1 | %
Total interest income |  | 138,695 |  |  | 11,438,538 |  |  | 4.9 | % |  | 129,946 |  |  | 10,154,932 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Interest Expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt facilities |  | (10,085) |  |  | 1,850,913 |  |  | (2.2) | % |  | (15,110) |  |  | 1,295,973 |  |  | (4.7) | %
Short-term debt - servicer advance financing |  | (1,110) |  |  | 164,154 |  |  | (2.7) | % |  | (1,797) |  |  | 231,312 |  |  | (3.1) | %
ABS issued - Legacy Sequoia (2) |  | (755) |  |  | 260,857 |  |  | (1.2) | % |  | (1,518) |  |  | 300,773 |  |  | (2.0) | %
ABS issued - Sequoia (2) |  | (11,374) |  |  | 1,220,211 |  |  | (3.7) | % |  | (19,117) |  |  | 1,673,361 |  |  | (4.6) | %
ABS issued - Freddie Mac SLST (2) |  | (16,611) |  |  | 1,864,842 |  |  | (3.6) | % |  | (15,845) |  |  | 1,801,798 |  |  | (3.5) | %
ABS issued - Freddie Mac K-Series |  | (4,478) |  |  | 459,344 |  |  | (3.9) | % |  | (4,378) |  |  | 447,886 |  |  | (3.9) | %
ABS issued - CAFL |  | (43,201) |  |  | 3,087,741 |  |  | (5.6) | % |  | (24,446) |  |  | 2,213,900 |  |  | (4.4) | %
Long-term debt facilities |  | (10,972) |  |  | 674,306 |  |  | (6.5) | % |  | (7,995) |  |  | 589,893 |  |  | (5.4) | %
Long-term debt - FHLBC |  | (1) |  |  | 132 |  |  | (3.0) | % |  | (1,635) |  |  | 381,465 |  |  | (1.7) | %
Long-term debt - corporate |  | (9,478) |  |  | 650,821 |  |  | (5.8) | % |  | (10,825) |  |  | 707,611 |  |  | (6.1) | %
Total interest expense |  | (108,065) |  |  | 10,233,321 |  |  | (4.2) | % |  | (102,666) |  |  | 9,643,972 |  |  | (4.3) | %
Net Interest Income |  | $ | 30,630 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 27,280 |  |  |  |  |

77

|  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2021 |  | 2020
(Dollars in Thousands) |  | Interest Income/ (Expense) |  | Average Balance (1) |  | Yield |  | Interest Income/ (Expense) |  | Average Balance (1) |  | Yield
Interest Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, held-for-sale |  | $ | 19,931 |  |  | $ | 1,381,960 |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | $ | 16,787 |  |  | $ | 875,767 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Residential loans - HFI at Redwood (2) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 20,925 |  |  | 993,623 |  |  | 4.2 | %
Residential loans - HFI at Legacy Sequoia (2) |  | 2,517 |  |  | 268,724 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 5,878 |  |  | 348,885 |  |  | 3.4 | %
Residential loans - HFI at Sequoia (2) |  | 29,975 |  |  | 1,414,397 |  |  | 4.2 | % |  | 47,647 |  |  | 1,981,097 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Residential loans - HFI at Freddie Mac SLST (2) |  | 39,665 |  |  | 2,143,942 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 43,173 |  |  | 2,229,068 |  |  | 3.9 | %
Business purpose loans |  | 30,789 |  |  | 908,543 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 43,085 |  |  | 1,325,798 |  |  | 6.5 | %
Single-family rental loans - HFI at CAFL |  | 103,722 |  |  | 3,296,042 |  |  | 6.3 | % |  | 62,988 |  |  | 2,283,812 |  |  | 5.5 | %
Multifamily loans - HFI at Freddie Mac K-Series |  | 9,646 |  |  | 491,282 |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | 45,042 |  |  | 2,328,527 |  |  | 3.9 | %
Trading securities |  | 11,423 |  |  | 136,336 |  |  | 16.8 | % |  | 20,249 |  |  | 434,852 |  |  | 9.3 | %
Available-for-sale securities |  | 7,519 |  |  | 132,823 |  |  | 11.3 | % |  | 8,087 |  |  | 141,279 |  |  | 11.4 | %
Other interest income |  | 11,813 |  |  | 801,270 |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | 14,166 |  |  | 715,416 |  |  | 4.0 | %
Total interest income |  | 267,000 |  |  | 10,975,319 |  |  | 4.9 | % |  | 328,027 |  |  | 13,658,124 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Interest Expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt facilities |  | (16,572) |  |  | 1,423,017 |  |  | (2.3) | % |  | (36,600) |  |  | 1,973,427 |  |  | (3.7) | %
Short-term debt - servicer advance financing |  | (2,396) |  |  | 175,132 |  |  | (2.7) | % |  | (3,374) |  |  | 189,726 |  |  | (3.6) | %
ABS issued - Legacy Sequoia (2) |  | (1,630) |  |  | 265,430 |  |  | (1.2) | % |  | (4,040) |  |  | 343,997 |  |  | (2.3) | %
ABS issued - Sequoia (2) |  | (23,480) |  |  | 1,192,582 |  |  | (3.9) | % |  | (40,627) |  |  | 1,782,702 |  |  | (4.6) | %
ABS issued - Freddie Mac SLST (2) |  | (33,982) |  |  | 1,906,613 |  |  | (3.6) | % |  | (32,022) |  |  | 1,845,307 |  |  | (3.5) | %
ABS issued - Freddie Mac K-Series |  | (8,834) |  |  | 462,962 |  |  | (3.8) | % |  | (42,728) |  |  | 2,195,469 |  |  | (3.9) | %
ABS issued - CAFL |  | (81,054) |  |  | 3,046,141 |  |  | (5.3) | % |  | (46,385) |  |  | 2,115,019 |  |  | (4.4) | %
Long-term debt facilities |  | (23,804) |  |  | 723,861 |  |  | (6.6) | % |  | (10,593) |  |  | 411,844 |  |  | (5.1) | %
Long-term debt - FHLBC |  | (2) |  |  | 558 |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | (10,410) |  |  | 1,184,002 |  |  | (1.8) | %
Long-term debt - corporate |  | (18,863) |  |  | 650,508 |  |  | (5.8) | % |  | (22,558) |  |  | 738,930 |  |  | (6.1) | %
Total interest expense |  | (210,617) |  |  | 9,846,804 |  |  | (4.3) | % |  | (249,337) |  |  | 12,780,423 |  |  | (3.9) | %
Net Interest Income |  | $ | 56,383 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 78,690 |  |  |  |  |

(1)Average balances for residential loans held-for-sale, residential loans held-for-investment, business purpose loans, multifamily loans held-for-investment, and trading securities are calculated based upon carrying values, which represent estimated fair values. Average balances for available-for-sale securities and debt are calculated based upon amortized historical cost, except for ABS issued, which is based upon fair value.
(2)Interest income from residential loans held-for-investment ("HFI") at Redwood exclude loans HFI at consolidated Sequoia or Freddie Mac SLST entities. Interest income from residential loans - HFI at Legacy Sequoia and the interest expense from ABS issued - Legacy Sequoia represent activity from our consolidated Legacy Sequoia entities. Interest income from residential loans - HFI at Sequoia and the interest expense from ABS issued - Sequoia represent activity from our consolidated Sequoia entities. Interest income from residential loans - HFI at Freddie Mac SLST and the interest expense from ABS issued - Freddie Mac SLST represent activity from our consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities.
78

Results of Operations by Segment
We report on our business using three distinct segments: Residential Lending, Business Purpose Lending, and Third-Party Investments. For additional information on our segments, refer to Note 23 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following table presents the segment contribution from our three segments reconciled to our consolidated net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 4 – Segment Results Summary

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
(In Thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change
Segment Contribution from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential Lending |  | $ | 30,844 |  |  | $ | 34,854 |  |  | $ | (4,010) |  |  |  | $ | 83,639 |  |  | $ | (160,796) |  |  | $ | 244,435 |
Business Purpose Lending |  | 32,812 |  |  | 48,483 |  |  | (15,671) |  |  |  | 54,255 |  |  | (177,313) |  |  | 231,568 |
Third-Party Investments |  | 53,592 |  |  | 79,955 |  |  | (26,363) |  |  |  | 103,528 |  |  | (419,200) |  |  | 522,728 |
Corporate/Other |  | (27,223) |  |  | 2,152 |  |  | (29,375) |  |  |  | (54,140) |  |  | (20,645) |  |  | (33,495) |
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | 90,025 |  |  | $ | 165,444 |  |  | $ | (75,419) |  |  |  | $ | 187,282 |  |  | $ | (777,954) |  |  | $ | 965,236 |

The following sections provide a discussion of the results of operations at each of our three business segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
The increase in net expense from Corporate/Other for the three- and six-month periods was primarily due to a $25 million gain associated with the repurchase of $125 million of convertible debt in the second quarter of 2020.
Residential Lending Segment
Overview
Our Residential Lending segment generated $31 million of net income during the second quarter of 2021, driven primarily by $27 million of mortgage banking income and $6 million of net interest income from investments. Mortgage banking income decreased from the first quarter of 2021, as loan purchase commitments of $2.7 billion in the second quarter were 22% lower than the first quarter and margins normalized towards the high end of our historic target range.
Our Residential Lending segment generated $53 million of net income during the first quarter of 2021, driven primarily by $64 million of mortgage banking income and $6 million of net interest income from investments. Mortgage banking income increased significantly during the quarter, as loan purchase commitments increased 41% from the fourth quarter of 2020 to $3.51 billion, and gross margins nearly doubled.
79

Mortgage Banking
The following table provides the activity of residential loans held in inventory for sale at our mortgage banking business during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 5 – Loan Inventory for Residential Mortgage Banking Operations — Activity

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 977,457 |  |  | $ | 176,641 |
Acquisitions |  | 3,454,818 |  |  | 6,582,762 |
Sales |  | (2,183,686) |  |  | (4,531,812) |
Transfers between portfolios (1) |  | (1,205,494) |  |  | (1,205,494) |
Principal repayments |  | (8,761) |  |  | (10,875) |
Changes in fair value, net |  | 29,388 |  |  | 52,500 |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 1,063,722 |  |  | $ | 1,063,722 |

(1)Represents the net transfers of loans from held-for-sale to held-for-investment within our Residential Lending investment portfolio, associated with securitizations we sponsored that we consolidate under GAAP.
The following table presents our mortgage banking income and loan purchase commitments during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 6 – Mortgage Banking Income and Residential Loan Purchase Commitments

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021
Mortgage banking income |  | $ | 26,893 |  |  | $ | 91,160 |
Loan purchase commitments entered into |  | $ | 2,743,105 |  |  | $ | 6,253,397 |

Mortgage banking income is comprised of net interest income from loans held-for-sale in inventory and mortgage banking activities. Income from mortgage banking activities is comprised of mark-to-market adjustments on loans from the time they are purchased to when they are sold, mark-to-market adjustments on new and outstanding loan purchase commitments, gains/losses from associated hedges, and other miscellaneous income/expenses (see Note 19 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further detail).
During the three months ended June 30, 2021, our residential mortgage loan conduit locked $3.90 billion of loans ($2.74 billion adjusted for expected pipeline fallout - i.e, loan purchase commitments), including $3.33 billion of Select loans and $0.57 billion of Choice loans, and purchased $3.45 billion of loans. Approximately 60% of loans locked in the second quarter were purchase-money loans and 40% were refinancings. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we distributed $1.82 billion of loans through whole loan sales, and completed three securitizations for a total of $1.53 billion.
At June 30, 2021, we had $1.06 billion of loans in inventory on our balance sheet, our loan pipeline included $2.47 billion of loans identified for purchase (locked loans, unadjusted for fallout), and we had entered into forward sale agreements for $1.21 billion of loans.
Our gross margin (mortgage banking income earned in the period divided by loan purchase commitments entered into during the period) for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was 98 basis points, down from 183 basis points in the first quarter of 2021. Gross margin in the second quarter of 2021 was near the high end of our historical range, despite a challenging macroeconomic backdrop that impacted securitization execution and increased hedging costs relative to the first quarter.
We utilize a combination of capital and our residential loan warehouse facilities to manage our inventory of residential loans held-for-sale. At June 30, 2021, we had residential warehouse facilities outstanding with six different counterparties, with $2.35 billion of total capacity and $1.30 billion of available capacity. These included non-marginable (i.e., not subject to margin calls based on the market value of the underlying collateral that is non-delinquent) facilities with $800 million of total capacity and marginable facilities with $1.55 billion of total capacity.
80

Investment Portfolio
The following table presents details of our Residential Lending investment portfolio at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 7 – Residential Lending Investments

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Residential loans at Redwood (1) |  | $ | 96,826 |  |  | $ | — |
Residential securities at Redwood (2) |  | 158,703 |  |  | 155,501 |
Residential securities at consolidated Sequoia entities (3) |  | 232,005 |  |  | 217,965 |
Other investments |  | 8,721 |  |  | 8,815 |
Total Segment Investments |  | $ | 496,255 |  |  | $ | 382,281 |

(1)Balance consists of loans called from Sequoia securitizations. Excludes Sequoia loans held at VIEs that we consolidated for GAAP purposes.
(2)Excludes $5 million of trading securities that are designated as hedges for our mortgage banking operations and are not considered part of our investment portfolio.
(3)Represents our retained economic investment in the consolidated Sequoia securitization VIEs. For GAAP purposes, we consolidated $2.22 billion of loans and $1.99 billion of ABS issued associated with these investments at June 30, 2021.
During the second quarter of 2021, we purchased $83 million of loans from Sequoia securitizations we called, and we retained $8 million of securities from three Sequoia securitizations we completed during the quarter. During the first quarter of 2021, we sold $4 million of securities from our residential lending investment portfolio and retained $8 million of securities from two Sequoia securitizations we completed during the quarter. See the "Investments Detail" section that follows for additional details on our investments and their associated borrowings.
During the second quarter of 2021, net interest income from our residential lending investment portfolio was $6 million, consistent with the first quarter of 2021, and other income was $1 million in the second quarter of 2021 and $3 million in the first quarter of 2021.
The following table presents the components of investment fair value changes for our Residential Lending segment by investment type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 8 – Investment Fair Value Changes, Net from Residential Lending

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net |  |  |  |
Changes in fair value of: |  |  |  |
Residential loans at Redwood |  | $ | 1,290 |  |  | $ | 1,607 |
Trading securities |  | (2,250) |  |  | (4,728) |
Net investments in Sequoia entities (1) |  | 4,906 |  |  | 9,804 |
Risk-sharing and other investments |  | (19) |  |  | (43) |
Recoveries (impairments) on AFS securities |  | — |  |  | 33 |
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net |  | $ | 3,927 |  |  | $ | 6,673 |

(1)Includes changes in fair value of the loans held-for-investment and the ABS issued at the entities, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments (subordinate securities) at the consolidated VIEs.
Strengthening credit performance helped drive spreads tighter during the three-and six-month periods for most of our subordinate securities, which resulted in net positive fair value changes for our residential lending investment s. Additionally, during the first half of 2021, most of our investment securities experienced elevated prepayments, which generally benefited our subordinate securities, but negatively impacted our interest-only and certificated servicing securities, causing a net negative fair value change for our trading securities.
81

Business Purpose Lending Segment
Overview
Our Business Purpose Lending segment generated $33 million of net income during the second quarter of 2021, driven primarily by $35 million of mortgage banking income and $15 million of net interest income from investments. Business purpose mortgage banking income in the second quarter of 2021 benefited from a 37% increase in origination volume from the first quarter of 2021 and modest spread tightening on securitization execution during the second quarter. Our business purpose investments saw an increase in interest income in the second quarter from a higher average balance of investments compared to the first quarter of 2021 and increased positive fair value changes due to continued spread tightening.
Our Business Purpose Lending segment generated $21 million of net income during the first quarter of 2021, driven primarily by $22 million of mortgage banking income and $13 million of net interest income from investments. Business purpose mortgage banking income normalized in the first quarter of 2021, relative to the third and fourth quarters of 2020, as more modest spread tightening on securitization execution during the quarter had a reduced impact to the valuation of our loans held in inventory at the beginning of the quarter. Net interest income from BPL investments increased from the fourth quarter of 2020 due to higher yield maintenance income on our SFR securities resulting from faster prepayments, and reduced debt costs on our bridge loan portfolio resulting from a decrease in leverage on these assets.
Mortgage Banking
The following table provides the business purpose loans origination activity at Redwood during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 9 – Business Purpose Loans — Origination Activity

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
(In Thousands) |  | Single-Family Rental |  | Bridge (1) |  | Total |  | Single-Family Rental |  | Bridge (1) |  | Total
Fair value at beginning of period |  | $ | 333,110 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 333,110 |  |  | $ | 245,394 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 245,394 |
Originations |  | 312,217 |  |  | 215,160 |  |  | 527,377 |  |  | 565,315 |  |  | 348,389 |  |  | 913,704 |
Sales |  | — |  |  | (354) |  |  | (354) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,231) |  |  | (2,231) |
Transfers between portfolios (2) |  | (252,379) |  |  | (215,784) |  |  | (468,163) |  |  | (421,783) |  |  | (347,678) |  |  | (769,461) |
Principal repayments |  | (3,056) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,056) |  |  | (10,120) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,120) |
Changes in fair value, net |  | 28,550 |  |  | 978 |  |  | 29,528 |  |  | 39,636 |  |  | 1,520 |  |  | 41,156 |
Fair Value at End of Period |  | $ | 418,442 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 418,442 |  |  | $ | 418,442 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 418,442 |

(1)Our bridge loans are generally originated at our TRS and the majority are transferred to our REIT and a smaller portion sold. Origination fees and any mark-to-market changes on these loans prior to transfer are recognized as mortgage banking income. The loans held at our REIT are classified as held-for-investment, with subsequent fair value changes recorded through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). For the carrying value and activity of our bridge loans held-for-investment, see the Investments section that follows.
(2)For single-family rental loans, amounts represent transfers of loans from held-for-sale to held-for-investment, including when loans are securitized (and consolidated for GAAP purposes). For bridge loans, represents the transfer of loans from our TRS to our REIT as described in preceding footnote.
During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we funded $312 million of single-family rental loans and $215 million of bridge loans, representing increases of 23% and 61% from respective first quarter 2021 volumes. Approximately 34% of SFR origination volume in the second quarter of 2021 was generated from borrowers that previously had a bridge loan with CoreVest and 67% of total origination volumes were from repeat borrowers.
We utilize a combination of capital and loan warehouse facilities to manage our inventory of single-family rental loans that we hold for sale. At June 30, 2021, we had business purpose warehouse facilities outstanding with five different counterparties, with $1.30 billion of total capacity (used for both SFR and bridge loans) and $587 million of available capacity. All of these facilities are non-marginable (i.e., not subject to margin calls based on the market value of the underlying collateral that is non-delinquent).
82

Investment Portfolio
The following table presents details of our Business Purpose Lending investment portfolio at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 10 – Business Purpose Lending Investments

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Bridge loans at Redwood |  | $ | 726,569 |  |  | $ | 641,765 |
Single-family rental securities at consolidated CAFL entities (1) |  | 268,131 |  |  | 238,630 |
Other investments |  | 13,168 |  |  | 21,627 |
Total Segment Investments |  | $ | 1,007,868 |  |  | $ | 902,022 |

(1)Represents our economic investment in securities issued by consolidated CAFL securitization VIEs. For GAAP purposes, we consolidated $3.26 billion of loans and $3.01 billion of ABS issued associated with these investments at June 30, 2021.
During the second quarter of 2021, we funded $215 million of business purpose bridge loans and received principal payments of $115 million. In addition, we retained $14 million of securities from a $276 million (principal balance) single-family rental loan securitization we completed during the second quarter. See the "Investments Detail" section that follows for additional details on our investments and their associated borrowings.
The following table presents the components of investment fair value changes for our Business Purpose Lending segment by investment type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 11 – Investment Fair Value Changes, Net from Business Purpose Lending

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net |  |  |  |
Changes in fair value of: |  |  |  |
Bridge loans held-for-investment |  | $ | (62) |  |  | $ | 3,242 |
REO |  | 147 |  |  | 428 |
Net investments in CAFL entities (1) |  | 3,697 |  |  | 3,411 |
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net |  | $ | 3,782 |  |  | $ | 7,081 |

(1)Includes changes in fair value of the loans held-for-investment and the ABS issued at the entities, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments (subordinate securities) at the consolidated VIEs.
Spreads tightened during the second quarter of 2021 for our CAFL subordinate securities, with positive fair value changes for these assets more than offsetting the decline in the value of our CAFL interest-only securities from a reduction in their basis through the receipt of regular cash flows.
Spreads generally tightened during the first quarter of 2021 for our BPL investments overall, which resulted in positive fair value changes for bridge loans and subordinate CAFL securities. We also had positive resolutions on several previously delinquent bridge loans during the first quarter of 2021, resulting in over $2 million of positive fair value changes for recoveries in excess of our prior quarter-end carrying values. Positive fair value changes for our CAFL subordinate securities were mostly offset by a decline in the value of our CAFL interest-only securities from a reduction in their basis through the receipt of regular cash flows.
Third-Party Investments Segment
Overview
Our Third-Party Investments segment generated $54 million of net income during the second quarter of 2021, driven primarily by $42 million of positive investment fair value changes and $12 million of net interest income, and generated $50 million of net income during the first quarter of 2021, driven primarily by $40 million of positive investment fair value changes and $12 million of net interest income. Positive investment fair value changes in 2021 reflected continuing improvement in credit performance and spread tightening, particularly for our RPL and multifamily securities.
83

Investment Portfolio
The following table presents details of the investments in our Third-Party Investments segment at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Table 12 – Third-Party Investments

(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Residential securities at Redwood |  | $ | 148,798 |  |  | $ | 134,090 |
Residential securities at consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities (1) |  | 450,173 |  |  | 428,179 |
Multifamily securities at Redwood |  | 42,479 |  |  | 49,255 |
Multifamily securities at consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entity (2) |  | 30,833 |  |  | 28,255 |
Other investments (3) |  | 127,138 |  |  | 135,590 |
Total Segment Investments |  | $ | 799,421 |  |  | $ | 775,369 |

(1)Represents our economic investment in securities issued by consolidated Freddie Mac SLST securitization entities. For GAAP purposes, we consolidated $2.10 billion of loans and $1.65 billion of ABS issued associated with these investments at June 30, 2021.
(2)Represents our economic investment in securities issued by a consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series securitization entity. For GAAP purposes, we consolidated $485 million of loans and $454 million of ABS issued associated with this investment at June 30, 2021.
(3)Other investments includes our servicer advance investments, which for purposes of this table are presented net of $164 million of non-recourse short-term securitization debt, secured by servicing advances and other servicing-related assets at June 30, 2021.
During the second quarter, we purchased $3 million of third-party investments and sold $11 million of third-party investments. During the first quarter, we purchased $16 million of third-party investments and sold $34 million of third-party investments.
See the "Investments Detail" section that follows for additional details on these investments and their associated borrowings.
The following table presents the components of investment fair value changes for our Third-Party Investments segment by investment type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 13 – Investment Fair Value Changes, Net from Third-Party Investments

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net |  |  |  |
Changes in fair value of: |  |  |  |
Residential securities |  | $ | 5,143 |  |  | $ | 28,249 |
Net investments in Freddie Mac SLST entities (1) |  | 36,316 |  |  | 40,433 |
Net investment in Freddie Mac K-Series entity (1) |  | 1,855 |  |  | 10,776 |
Servicer advance investments |  | (940) |  |  | (1,100) |
Excess MSRs |  | (2,477) |  |  | (4,430) |
Shared home appreciation options |  | 2,080 |  |  | 7,395 |
Other |  | 28 |  |  | 57 |
Recoveries (impairments) on AFS securities |  | 13 |  |  | 354 |
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net |  | $ | 42,018 |  |  | $ | 81,734 |

(1)Includes changes in fair value of the loans held-for-investment and the ABS issued at the entities, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments (subordinate securities) at the consolidated VIEs.
Continued strengthening of credit and elevated prepayment speeds helped drive credit spreads tighter on our third-party assets in the first and second quarters of 2021, in particular for our investments in reperforming loan assets (primarily represented by our net investment in Freddie Mac SLST entities in the table above).
84

Investments Detail
This section presents additional details on certain of our investment assets and their activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Real Estate Securities Portfolio
The following table sets forth our real estate securities activity by collateral type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 14 – Real Estate Securities Activity by Collateral Type

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Residential |  | Multifamily |  | Total
(In Thousands) |  | Senior |  | Mezzanine |  | Subordinate |  | Mezzanine |
Beginning fair value |  | $ | 31,580 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 284,656 |  |  | $ | 48,084 |  |  | $ | 364,320 |
Acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sequoia securities |  | 1,226 |  |  | — |  |  | 522 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,748 |
Third-party securities |  | 962 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,750 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,712 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third-party securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,988) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,988) |
Gains on sales and calls, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,994 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,994 |
Effect of principal payments (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,436) |  |  | (4,827) |  |  | (17,263) |
Change in fair value, net |  | (8,501) |  |  | — |  |  | 15,642 |  |  | (778) |  |  | 6,363 |
Ending Fair Value (2) |  | $ | 25,267 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 287,140 |  |  | $ | 42,479 |  |  | $ | 354,886 |

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  | Residential |  | Multifamily |  | Total
(In Thousands) |  | Senior |  | Mezzanine |  | Subordinate |  | Mezzanine |
Beginning fair value |  | $ | 28,464 |  |  | $ | 5,663 |  |  | $ | 260,743 |  |  | $ | 49,255 |  |  | $ | 344,125 |
Acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sequoia securities |  | 7,775 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,600 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,375 |
Third-party securities |  | 962 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,700 |  |  | 4,930 |  |  | 18,592 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sequoia securities |  | — |  |  | (3,664) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,664) |
Third-party securities |  | — |  |  | (2,060) |  |  | (31,010) |  |  | — |  |  | (33,070) |
Gains on sales and calls, net |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 10,542 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,602 |
Effect of principal payments (1) |  | — |  |  | (26) |  |  | (17,547) |  |  | (10,803) |  |  | (28,376) |
Change in fair value, net |  | (11,934) |  |  | 27 |  |  | 50,112 |  |  | (903) |  |  | 37,302 |
Ending Fair Value (2) |  | $ | 25,267 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 287,140 |  |  | $ | 42,479 |  |  | $ | 354,886 |

(1)The effect of principal payments reflects the change in fair value due to principal payments, which is calculated as the cash principal received on a given security during the period multiplied by the prior quarter ending price or acquisition price for that security.
(2)At June 30, 2021, excludes $232 million and $268 million of securities retained from our consolidated Sequoia and CAFL securitizations, respectively, as well as $450 million and $31 million of securities we owned that were issued by consolidated Freddie Mac SLST and Freddie Mac K-Series securitizations, respectively.
At June 30, 2021, our securities consisted of fixed-rate assets (86%), adjustable-rate assets (12%), and hybrid assets that reset within the next year (2%).
We directly finance our holdings of real estate securities with a combination of capital and collateralized debt in the form of repurchase (or “repo”) financing. At June 30, 2021, we had short-term debt incurred through repurchase facilities of $81 million with three different counterparties, which was secured by $110 million of real estate securities (including securities owned in consolidated securitization entities).
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At June 30, 2021, real estate securities with a fair value of $369 million (including securities owned in consolidated Sequoia and CAFL securitization entities), were financed with long-term, non-mark-to-market recourse debt through our subordinate securities financing facilities. Additionally, at June 30, 2021, we had $450 million of re-performing loan securities financed with $179 million of non-recourse securitization debt. The remaining $407 million of our securities, including certain securities we own that were issued by consolidated securitization entities, were financed with capital.
Bridge Loans Held-for-Investment at Redwood Portfolio
The following table provides the activity of bridge loans held-for-investment at Redwood during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 15 – Bridge Loans Held-for-Investment at Redwood - Activity

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In Thousands) |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021
Fair value at beginning of period |  | $ | 626,484 |  |  | $ | 641,765 |
Sales |  | — |  |  | (7,000) |
Transfers between portfolios (1) |  | 215,785 |  |  | 347,679 |
Transfers to REO |  | (806) |  |  | (2,289) |
Principal repayments |  | (114,748) |  |  | (256,726) |
Changes in fair value, net |  | (146) |  |  | 3,140 |
Fair Value at End of Period |  | $ | 726,569 |  |  | $ | 726,569 |

(1)All of our bridge loans are originated at our TRS then transferred to our REIT. Origination fees and any mark-to-market changes on these loans prior to transfer are recognized as mortgage banking income. Once the loans are transferred to our REIT, they are classified as held-for-investment, with subsequent fair value changes recorded through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Our $727 million of b ridge loans held-for-investment at June 30, 2021 were comprised of first-lien, interest-only loans with a weighted average c oupon of 7.63% and original maturities of six to 24 months. At origination, the weighted average FICO score of borrowers backing these loans was 727 and the weighted average LTV ratio of these loans was 65%. At June 30, 2021, of the 2,471 loans in this portfolio, 43 of these loans with an aggregate fair value of $29 million and an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $33 million were in foreclosure, of which 40 loans with an aggregate fair value of $32 million and an unpaid principal balance of $35 million were greater than 90 days delinquent.
We finance our bridge loans with a combination of recourse, non-marginable warehouse facilities and non-recourse, non-marginable warehouse facilities. At June 30, 2021, we had $99 million of debt incurred through short-term warehouse facilities with two different counterparties, which was secured by $127 million of loans, and $384 million of debt incurred through long-term facilities with four different counterparties, which was secured by $556 million of loans.
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Taxable Income and Tax Provision
Taxable Income
The following table summarizes our taxable income and distributions to shareholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 16 – Taxable Income (Loss)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30, (1)
(In Thousands, except per Share Data) |  | 2021 est. (2) |  | 2020 est. (2) |  | 2021 est. (2) |  | 2020 est. (2)
REIT taxable income (loss) |  | $ | 12,497 |  |  | $ | (57,905) |  |  | $ | 22,779 |  |  | $ | (20,378) |
Taxable REIT subsidiary income (loss) |  | 30,671 |  |  | (19,496) |  |  | 83,732 |  |  | (8,085) |
Total Taxable Income (Loss) |  | $ | 43,168 |  |  | $ | (77,401) |  |  | $ | 106,511 |  |  | $ | (28,463) |
REIT taxable income (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | (0.50) |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | (0.17) |
Total taxable income (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | (0.67) |  |  | $ | 0.94 |  |  | $ | (0.24) |
Distributions to shareholders |  | $ | 20,346 |  |  | $ | 14,366 |  |  | $ | 38,423 |  |  | $ | 51,107 |
Distributions to shareholders per share |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.125 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.445 |

(1)In accordance with Internal Revenue Code rules applicable to disaster losses, TRS taxable income for the six months ended June 30, 2020, was adjusted to recognize $59 million of losses incurred in the first quarter of 2020 into the fourth quarter of 2019.
(2)Our tax results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are estimates until we file tax returns for these years.
Net capital gains realized in 2021 are not included in REIT taxable income as they are offset by a capital loss carryforward of $328 million which was generated in 2020. Any unused portion of the capital loss carryforward will expire at the end of 2025.
Under normal circumstances, our minimum REIT dividend requirement would be 90% of our annual REIT taxable income. However, we currently maintain a $36 million federal net operating loss carry forward (NOL) at the REIT that affords us the option of retaining REIT taxable income up to the NOL amount, tax free, rather than distributing it as dividends. Federal income tax rules require the dividends paid deduction to be applied to reduce REIT taxable income before the applicability of NOLs is considered; therefore, REIT taxable income must exceed our dividend distribution for us to utilize a portion of our NOL and any remaining amount will carry forward into future years. If annual REIT taxable income, exclusive of the dividends paid deduction, is a taxable loss, the NOL carryforward will be increased by the taxable loss. Of the $36 million of NOLs, $29 million will expire after 2029, if not utilized by then, and $7 million have an indefinite carryover period. The $7 million of NOLs is available to offset 80% of taxable income in any given year.
We currently expect all or nearly all of our 2021 dividend distributions to be taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Any remaining amount is currently expected to be characterized as a return of capital, which in general is nontaxable (provided it does not exceed a shareholder's tax basis in Redwood shares) and reduces a shareholder's basis in Redwood shares (but not below zero). To the extent such distributions exceed a shareholder's basis in Redwood shares, such excess amount would be taxable as capital gain. Under the federal income tax rules applicable to REITs, none of Redwood’s 2021 dividend distributions are currently expected to be characterized as long-term capital gain dividends. The income or loss generated at our TRS will not directly affect the tax characterization of our 2021 dividends; however, any dividends paid from our TRS to our REIT would allow a portion of our REIT’s dividends to be classified as qualified dividends.
Tax Provision under GAAP
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded tax provisions of $7 million and $18 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a tax provision of $37 thousand and a tax benefit of $22 million, respectively. Our tax provision is primarily derived from the activities at our TRS as we do not book a material tax provision associated with income generated at our REIT. The switch to a provision for income taxes from a benefit from income taxes year-over-year was primarily the result of GAAP income being recorded at our TRS in 2021 versus TRS GAAP losses in 2020. Our TRS effective tax rate in 2021 is expected to be slightly higher than the federal statutory corporate tax rate, due to a federal valuation allowance and other permanent GAAP to tax differences.
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Realization of our deferred tax assets ("DTAs") is dependent on many factors, including generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of NOL carryforwards and generating sufficient capital gains in future periods prior to the expiration of capital loss carryforwards. We determine the extent to which realization of our DTAs is not assured and establish a valuation allowance accordingly. At December 31, 2020, we reported net federal ordinary and capital DTAs with a full valuation allowance of $17 million recorded against our net federal ordinary DTAs based on our determination that their realization was not assured. However, no valuation allowance was recorded against our net federal capital DTAs as we currently expect to utilize these DTAs due to our ability to recognize capital losses and carry them back to prior years.
We forecast that we will report net federal ordinary DTAs at December 31, 2021 and, consequently, a valuation allowance remains recorded against our net federal ordinary DTAs. At December 31, 2020, we reported a valuation allowance of $134 million recorded against our net state DTAs. Consistent with prior periods, we continued to maintain a valuation allowance against our net state DTAs as realization of our state DTAs is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income in the same jurisdictions in which the DTAs exist. As GAAP income at our TRS has been strong for the past several quarters, we are continuing to monitor our estimate of the realizability of our net deferred tax assets and will reassess the need for a valuation allowance, in whole or in part, in future periods.
Potential Taxable Income Volatility
We expect period-to-period volatility in our estimated taxable income. A description of the factors that can cause this volatility is described in the Taxable Income portion of the Results of Operations section in the MD&A included in Part II, Item 7, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Summary
In addition to the proceeds from equity and debt capital-raising transactions, our principal sources of cash consist of borrowings under mortgage loan warehouse facilities, securities repurchase agreements, payments of principal and interest we receive from our investment portfolios, proceeds from the sale of portfolio assets, and cash generated from our operating activities. Our most significant uses of cash are to purchase and originate mortgage loans for our mortgage banking operations, to purchase investment securities and make other investments, to repay principal and interest on our debt, to meet margin calls associated with our debt and other obligations, to make dividend payments on our capital stock, and to fund our operations.
At June 30, 2021, our total capital was $1.95 billion and included $1.30 billion of equity capital and $651 million of convertible notes and long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheet, including $199 million of convertible debt due in 2023, $150 million of convertible debt due in 2024, $172 million of exchangeable debt due in 2025, and $140 million of trust-preferred securities due in 2037.
As of June 30, 2021, our unrestricted cash was $421 million, and we estimate we had approximately $175 million of available capital (which does not include approximately $100 million of available capital generated from a non-marginable secured term financing we closed in early July). While we believe our available cash is sufficient to fund our operations, we may raise equity or debt capital from time to time to increase our unrestricted cash and liquidity, to repay existing debt, to make long-term portfolio investments, to fund strategic acquisitions and investments, or for other purposes. To the extent we seek to raise additional capital, our approach will continue to be based on what we believe to be in the best interests of the company.
In the discussion that follows and throughout this document, we distinguish between marginable and non-marginable debt. When we refer to non-marginable debt and marginable debt, we are referring to whether or not such debt is subject to market value-based margin calls on underlying collateral that is non-delinquent. If a mortgage loan is financed under a marginable warehouse facility, to the extent the market value of the loan declines (which market value is generally determined by the counterparty under the facility), we will be subject to a margin call, meaning we will be required to either immediately reacquire the loan or meet a margin requirement to pledge additional collateral, such as cash or additional residential loans, in an amount at least equal to the decline in value. Non-marginable debt may be subject to a margin call due to delinquency of the mortgage or security being financed, or a decline in the value of the underlying asset securing the collateral. For example, we could be subject to a margin call on non-marginable debt if an appraisal or broker price opinion indicates a decline in the value of the property securing the mortgage loan that is financed by us under a loan warehouse facility.
We also distinguish between recourse and non-recourse debt. When we refer to non-recourse debt, we mean debt that is payable solely from the assets pledged to secure such debt, and under which debt no creditor or lender has direct or indirect recourse to us, or any other entity or person (except for customary exceptions for fraud, acts of insolvency, or other "bad acts"), if such assets are inadequate or unavailable to pay off such debt.
We are subject to risks relating to our liquidity and capital resources, including risks relating to incurring debt under residential loan warehouse facilities, securities repurchase facilities, and other short- and long-term debt facilities and other risks relating to our use of derivatives. A further discussion of these risks is set forth below under the heading “Risks Relating to Debt Incurred under Short-and Long-Term Borrowing Facilities."
Cash Flows and Liquidity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Cash flows from our mortgage banking activities and our investments can be volatile from quarter to quarter depending on many factors, including the profitability of mortgage banking activities, the timing and amount of securities acquisitions, sales and repayments, as well as changes in interest rates, prepayments, and credit losses. Therefore, cash flows generated in the current period are not necessarily reflective of the long-term cash flows we will receive from these investments or activities.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash flows from operating activities were negative $2.65 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2021. This amount includes the net cash utilized during the period from the purchase and sale of residential mortgage loans and the origination and sale of our business purpose loans associated with our mortgage banking activities. Purchases of loans are financed to a large extent with short-term and long-term debt, for which changes in cash are included as a component of financing activities. Excluding cash flows from the purchase, origination, sale, and principal payments of loans classified as held-for-sale, cash flows from operating activities were positive $52 million and positive $58 million during the first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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Cash Flows from Investing Activities
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, our net cash provided by investing activities was $1.07 billion and primarily resulted from proceeds from principal payments on loans held-for-investment. Although we generally intend to hold our loans and investment securities as long-term investments, we may sell certain of these assets in order to manage our liquidity ne eds and interest rate risk, to meet other operating objectives, and to adapt to market conditions.
Because many of our investment securities and loans are financed through various borrowing agreements, a significant portion of the proceeds from any sales or principal payments of these assets are generally used to repay balances under these financing sources. Similarly, all or a significant portion of cash flows from principal payments of loans at consolidated securitization entities would generally be used to repay ABS issued by those entities.
As presented in the "Supplemental Noncash Information" subsection of our consolidated statements of cash flows, during the six months ended June 30, 2021, we transferred loans between held-for-sale and held-for-investment classification and retained securities from securitizations we sponsored, which represent significant non-cash transactions that were not included in cash flows from investing activities.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, our net cash provided by financing activities was $1.51 billion. This primarily resulted from $1.18 billion of proceeds from net short-term debt borrowings used to finance higher levels of loan inventory for our mortgage banking businesses, particularly for residential loans held-for-sale, as that business has seen a sustained increase in acquisition volumes. Additionally $540 million of net proceeds were generated from ABS issued. These cash inflows were partially offset by $167 million of net repayments of long-term debt.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we declared dividends of $0.34 per common share. On June 10, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a regular dividend of $0.18 per share for the second quarter of 2021, which was paid on June 30, 2021 to shareholders of record on June 23, 2021.
In accordance with the terms of our outstanding deferred stock units, cash-settled deferred stock units, and restricted stock units, which are generally long-term compensation awards, each time we declare and pay a dividend on our common stock, we are required to make a dividend equivalent cash payment in that same per share amount on each outstanding deferred stock unit, cash-settled deferred stock unit, and restricted stock unit.
Repurchase Authorization
In February 2018, our Board of Directors approved an authorization for the repurchase of our common stock, increasing the total amount authorized for repurchases of common stock to $100 million, and also authorized the repurchase of outstanding debt securities, including convertible and exchangeable debt. This authorization increased the previous share repurchase authorization approved in February 2016 and has no expiration date. This repurchase authorization does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares or securities. Under this authorization, shares or securities may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we did not repurchase any shares. At June 30, 2021, $78 million of the current authorization remained available for the repurchase of shares of our common stock and we also continued to be authorized to repurchase outstanding debt securities. Like other investments we may make, any repurchases of our common stock or debt securities under this authorization would reduce our available capital and unrestricted cash described above.
Loan Warehouse Facilities
We maintain loan warehouse facilities to finance our residential jumbo loan inventory, SFR loan inventory and for our bridge loan investments. These facilities can be classified as short-term or long-term depending on their specific terms and provisions. At June 30, 2021, we had residential warehouse facilities outstanding with six different counterparties, with $2.35 billion of total capacity and $1.30 billion of available capacity. These included non-marginable facilities with $800 million of total capacity and marginable facilities with $1.55 billion of total capacity. At June 30, 2021, we had business purpose warehouse facilities outstanding with five different counterparties, with $1.30 billion of total capacity and $587 million of available capacity. All $1.30 billion of these facilities are non-marginable.
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Short-Term Debt
In the ordinary course of our business, we use recourse debt through several different types of borrowing facilities and use cash borrowings under these facilities to, among other things, fund the acquisition of loans (including those we acquire and originate in anticipation of securitization), finance investments in securities and other investments, and otherwise fund our business and operations. At June 30, 2021, we had $1.48 billion of short-term debt outstanding. During the first six months of 2021, the highest balance of our short-term debt outstanding was $2.66 billion.
For further detail on our short-term debt, see Note 13 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Long-Term Debt
The following discusses significant activity related to our long-term debt during the first half of 2021. For further detail on our long-term debt, see Note 15 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Non-Recourse BPL Financing Facilities
In the second quarter of 2021,we repaid one of our non-recourse BPL financing facilities that had a balance of $242 million at March 31, 2021, and entered into a new non-recourse facility to finance business purpose bridge loans with a total borrowing capacity of $250 million.
Recourse BPL Financing Facilities
In the second quarter of 2021, we reclassified one of our recourse facilities with a borrowing capacity of $450 million from short-term to long-term debt as we amended the terms of this facility, including an extension of its maturity.
Asset-Backed Securities Issued
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we issued $1.48 billion and $1.63 billion of ABS through our consolidated securitization entities, respectively. This included $282 million and $430 million of CAFL ABS issued during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $1.20 billion of Sequoia ABS issued during the three months ended June 30, 2021. For further detail on our Asset-backed Securities Issued, see Note 14 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Other Commitments and Contingencies
For additional information on commitments and contingencies that could impact our liquidity and capital resources, see Note 16 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which supplements the disclosures included in Note 16 to the Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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Risks Relating to Debt Incurred Under Short- and Long-Term Borrowing Facilities
As described above under the heading “Results of Operations,” in the ordinary course of our business, we use debt financing obtained through several different types of borrowing facilities to, among other things, finance the acquisition and origination of residential and business purpose mortgage loans (including those we acquire and originate in anticipation of sale or securitization), and finance investments in securities and other investments. We may also use short- and long-term borrowings to fund other aspects of our business and operations, including the repurchase of shares of our common stock. Recourse debt incurred under these facilities is generally either the direct obligation of Redwood Trust, Inc., or the direct obligation of subsidiaries of Redwood Trust, Inc. and guaranteed by Redwood Trust, Inc. Risks relating to debt incurred under these facilities are described in Part I, Item 2 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, under the caption “Risks Relating to Debt Incurred under Short- and Long-Term Borrowing Facilities,” and under the caption “Our use of financial leverage exposes us to increased risks, including liquidity risks from margin calls and potential breaches of the financial covenants under our borrowing facilities, which could result in our being required to immediately repay all outstanding amounts borrowed under these facilities and these facilities being unavailable to use for future financing needs, as well as triggering cross-defaults under other debt agreements” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Many of the risks described above materialized during the first quarter of 2020 as a result of pandemic- and liquidity-related disruptions and their impacts on the economy and financial markets, as described under the heading “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” within our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
Our sources of debt financing include secured borrowings under residential and business purpose mortgage loan warehouse facilities (including recourse and non-recourse warehouse facilities), short-term securities repurchase facilities, a $10 million committed line of short-term secured credit from a bank, short-term servicer advance financing, a secured, revolving debt facility collateralized by mortgage servicing rights, and subordinate securities financing facilities. During the second quarter of 2020, we repaid secured borrowings by our wholly-owned subsidiary, RWT Financial, LLC, under its borrowing facility with the FHLBC and during the second quarter of 2021, we repaid the remaining amount of outstanding advances under our borrowing facility. Under federal regulations applicable to the FHLBC, we can no longer borrow advances from the FHLBC.
Aggregate borrowing limits are stated under certain of these facilities, and certain other facilities have no stated borrowing limit, but many of the facilities are uncommitted, which means that any request we make to borrow funds under these uncommitted facilities may be declined for any reason, even if at the time of the borrowing request we have then-outstanding borrowings that are less than the borrowing limits under these facilities. In general, financing under these facilities is obtained by transferring or pledging mortgage loans or securities to the counterparty in exchange for cash proceeds (in an amount less than 100% of the principal amount of the transferred or pledged assets).
Under many of our mortgage loan warehouse facilities, our short-term securities repurchase facilities, and our secured, revolving debt facility collateralized by mortgage service rights, while transferred or pledged assets are financed under the facility, to the extent the value of the assets, or the collateral underlying those assets, declines, we are generally required to either immediately reacquire the assets or meet a margin requirement to transfer or pledge additional assets or cash in an amount at least equal to the decline in value. During the second quarter of 2020, we amended several of our mortgage loan warehouse facilities to revise these margin call provisions to remove obligations to make margin calls for changes in the market value of transferred or pledged assets, which determinations of market value were generally within the sole discretion of the lending counterparty. Under these revised agreements, if the estimated value of a property securing a financed mortgage loan declines, based on, for example, an appraisal or broker-price opinion, then the creditor may demand that we transfer additional collateral to the creditor (in the form of cash, U.S. Treasury obligations (in certain cases), or additional residential mortgage loans) with a value equal to the amount of the decline. Of our active financing arrangements with outstanding balances at June 30, 2021, only our short-term securities repurchase facilities (with $81 million of borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2021), and three of our residential mortgage loan warehouse facilities (with $664 million of borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2021) retain market-value based margin call provisions.
Margin call provisions under these facilities are further described in Part I, Item 2 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the caption “Risks Relating to Debt Incurred under Short- and Long-Term Borrowing Facilities - Margin Call Provisions Associated with Short-Term Debt and Other Debt Financing.” Financial covenants included in these facilities are further described Part I, Item 2 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the caption “Risks Relating to Debt Incurred under Short- and Long-Term Borrowing Facilities - Financial Covenants Associated with Short-Term Debt and Other Debt Financing.”
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Because many of these borrowing facilities are uncommitted, at any given time we may not be able to obtain additional financing under them when we need it, exposing us to, among other things, liquidity risks of the types described in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the heading “Risk Factors,” and in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the heading “Market Risks.” In addition, with respect to mortgage loans that at any given time are already being financed through these warehouse facilities, we are exposed to market, credit, liquidity, and other risks of the types described in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the heading “Risk Factors,” and in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the heading “Market Risks,” if and when those loans or securities become ineligible to be financed, decline in value, or have been financed for the maximum term permitted under the applicable facility.
At June 30, 2021, and through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we were in compliance with the financial covenants associated with our short-term debt and other debt financing facilities. In particular, with respect to: (i) financial covenants that require us to maintain a minimum dollar amount of stockholders’ equity or tangible net worth at Redwood, at June 30, 2021 our level of stockholders’ equity and tangible net worth resulted in our being in compliance with these covenants by more than $200 million; and (ii) financial covenants that require us to maintain recourse indebtedness below a specified ratio at Redwood, at June 30, 2021 our level of recourse indebtedness resulted in our being in compliance with these covenants at a level such that we could incur at least $600 million in additional recourse indebtedness.
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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
In the normal course of business, we enter into transactions that may require future cash payments. As required by GAAP, some of these obligations are recorded on the balance sheet, while others are off-balance sheet or recorded on the balance sheet in amounts different from the full contract or notional amount of the transaction.
For additional information on our contractual obligations, see the Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations section in the MD&A included in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
For additional information on our commitments and contingencies as of June 30, 2021, see Note 16 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. A discussion of critical accounting policies is included in Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Management discusses the ongoing development and selection of these critical accounting policies with the audit committee of the board of directors.
We expect quarter-to-quarter GAAP earnings volatility from our business activities. This volatility can occur for a variety of reasons, including the timing and amount of purchases, sales, calls, and repayment of consolidated assets, changes in the fair values of consolidated assets and liabilities, increases or decreases in earnings from mortgage banking activities, and certain non-recurring events. In addition, the amount or timing of our reported earnings may be impacted by technical accounting issues and estimates. Our critical accounting policies and the possible effects of changes in estimates on our consolidated financial statements are included in the "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" section of Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
In addition to the regular volatility we may experience on a quarterly basis, the ongoing impact of the pandemic on the United States economy, homeowners, renters of housing, the housing market, the mortgage finance markets and the broader financial markets, has caused additional volatility impacting many of our estimates. It is difficult to fully assess the impact of the pandemic at this time, including because of the uncertainty around the severity and duration of the pandemic domestically and internationally, as well as the uncertainty around the efficacy of Federal, State and local governments’ efforts to contain the spread of the pandemic and respond to its direct and indirect impacts on many aspects of Americans’ lives and economic activity. Continued volatility resulting from the pandemic could impact our critical estimates and lead to significant period-to-period earnings volatility.
Market Risks
We seek to manage risks inherent in our business — including but not limited to credit risk, interest rate risk, prepayment risk, liquidity risk, and fair value risk — in a prudent manner designed to enhance our earnings and dividends and preserve our capital. In general, we seek to assume risks that can be quantified from historical experience, to actively manage such risks, and to maintain capital levels consistent with these risks. Information concerning the risks we are managing, how these risks are changing over time, and potential GAAP earnings and taxable income volatility we may experience as a result of these risks is discussed in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Other Risks
In addition to the market and other risks described above, our business and results of operations are subject to a variety of types of risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
A discussion of new accounting standards and the possible effects of these standards on our consolidated financial statements is included in Note 3 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Information concerning market risk is incorporated herein by reference to Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as supplemented by the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Market Risks” within Item 2 above. Other than the developments described thereunder, including changes in the fair values of our assets, there have been no other material changes in our quantitative or qualitative exposure to market risk since December 31, 2020.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We have adopted and maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed on our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that the information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, we have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the quarter covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the second quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
For information on our legal proceedings, see Note 16 to the Financial Statements within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the heading "Loss Contingencies - Litigation, Claims and Demands," which supplements the disclosures included in Note 16 to the Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 under the heading “Loss Contingencies - Litigation, Claims and Demands.”
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our risk factors are discussed under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In February 2018, our Board of Directors approved an authorization for the repurchase of our common stock, increasing the total amount authorized for repurchases of common stock to $100 million, and also authorized the repurchase of outstanding debt securities, including convertible and exchangeable debt. This authorization increased the previous share repurchase authorization approved in February 2016 and has no expiration date. This repurchase authorization does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares or securities. Under this authorization, shares or securities may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we did not repurchase any shares. At June 30, 2021, $78 million of this current authorization remained available for the repurchase of shares of our common stock and we also continued to be authorized to repurchase outstanding debt securities.
The following table contains information on the shares of our common stock that we purchased or otherwise acquired during the three months ended June 30, 2021.

|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased or Acquired |  | Average Price per Share Paid |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number (or approximate dollar value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs
(In Thousands, except per Share Data) |  |  |  |
April 1, 2021 - April 30, 2021 |  | — |  | (1) | $ | 10.70 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
May 1, 2021 - May 31, 2021 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
June 1, 2021 - June 30, 2021 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 78,369 |
Total |  | — |  |  | $ | 10.70 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 78,369 |

(1)Represents fewer than 1,000 shares reacquired to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to the vesting of restricted shares.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Not Applicable
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Item 5. Other Information
On August 4, 2021, we issued a Participation Notice under the Company’s Change in Control Severance Plan (the “CIC Plan”) to Mr. Collin Cochrane, Chief Accounting Officer, and Mr. Shoshone (“Bo”) Stern, Managing Director - Portfolio Strategy and Risk, to designate them as participants in the CIC Plan. Mr. Stern’s Participation Notice was effective on August 4, 2021 and Mr. Cochrane’s Participation Notice is effective on March 2, 2022, subject to his continued employment by the Company through March 2, 2022. As participants in the CIC Plan, Mr. Cochrane and Mr. Stern will be eligible to receive certain severance benefits, including a cash payment of 150% of their “Base Compensation” (as defined in the CIC Plan), if their employment with the Company is terminated without “cause” or for “good reason” and such termination is a “Qualifying Termination” related to a “Change-in-Control”, as each of those terms is defined in the CIC Plan. The foregoing description of the terms of the CIC Plan does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the full text of the CIC Plan included as Exhibit 10.6 hereto.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit
3.1 |  | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Registrant, effective July 6, 1994 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1, filed on August 6, 2008)
3.1.1 |  | Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 10, 1994 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.1, filed on August 6, 2008)
3.1.2 |  | Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 11, 1995 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.2, filed on August 6, 2008)
3.1.3 |  | Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective August 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.3, filed on August 6, 2008)
3.1.4 |  | Certificate of Amendment of the Registrant, effective June 30, 1998 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.4, filed on August 6, 2008)
3.1.5 |  | Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, effective April 7, 2003 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.5, filed on August 6, 2008)
3.1.6 |  | Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective June 12, 2008 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1.6, filed on August 6, 2008)
3.1.7 |  | Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 19, 2009 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2009)
3.1.8 |  | Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 24, 2011 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 20, 2011)
3.1.9 |  | Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 18, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2012)
3.1.10 |  | Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 21, 2013)
3.1.11 |  | Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective May 16, 2019 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on May 17, 2019)
3.1.12 |  | Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective June 15, 2020 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit 3.1, filed on June 15, 2020)
3.2.1 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as adopted on March 5, 2008 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.2.1, filed on August 8, 2018)
3.2.2 |  | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as adopted on May 17, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.2.2, filed on August 8, 2018)
3.2.3 |  | Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as adopted on May 22, 2018 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.2.3, filed on August 8, 2018)
10.1* |  | Sixth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2021, by and between Christopher J. Abate and the Registrant (filed herewith)
10.2* |  | Fourth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2021, by and between Dashiell I. Robinson and the Registrant (filed herewith)
10.3* |  | Sixth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2021, by and between Andrew P. Stone and the Registrant (filed herewith)
10.4* |  | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2021, by and between Brooke E. Carillo and the Registrant (filed herewith)
10.5* |  | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2021, by and between Sasha G. Macomber and the Registrant (filed herewith)
10.6* |  | Redwood Trust, Inc. Change in Control Severance Plan, dated November 3, 2020 (filed herewith)
10.7 |  | Sixth Amendment to Lease Agreement, dated as of December 4, 2020, between ARTIS HRA Inverness Point, LP, as Landlord, and the Registrant, as Tenant (filed herewith)
10.8 |  | Seventh Amendment to Lease Agreement, dated as of May 21, 2021, between ARTIS HRA Inverness Point, LP, as Landlord, and the Registrant, as Tenant (filed herewith)
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit
101 |  | Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2021, is filed in inline XBRL-formatted interactive data files: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020; (iii) Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

______________________
* Indicates exhibits that include management contracts or compensatory plan arrangements.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | REDWOOD TRUST, INC.
Date: | August 4, 2021 | By: | /s/ Christopher J. Abate
|  |  | Christopher J. Abate
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | August 4, 2021 | By: | /s/ Brooke E. Carillo
|  |  | Brooke E. Carillo
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: | August 4, 2021 | By: | /s/ Collin L. Cochrane
|  |  | Collin L. Cochrane
|  |  | Chief Accounting Officer
|  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer)

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