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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Table 5.1 – Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
(In Thousands)
Assets
Residential loans, held-for-sale at fair value$1,160,513 $1,160,513 $176,604 $176,604 
Residential loans, held-for-investment4,582,052 4,582,052 4,072,410 4,072,410 
Business purpose loans, held-for-sale418,442 418,442 245,394 245,394 
Business purpose loans, held-for-investment3,990,447 3,990,447 3,890,959 3,890,959 
Multifamily loans485,157 485,157 492,221 492,221 
Real estate securities354,886 354,886 344,125 344,125 
Servicer advance investments (1)
184,551 184,551 231,489 231,489 
MSRs (1)
8,721 8,721 8,815 8,815 
Excess MSRs (1)
29,988 29,988 34,418 34,418 
Shared home appreciation options (1)
44,319 44,319 42,440 42,440 
Other financial instruments (2)
28,556 28,556 10,203 10,203 
Cash and cash equivalents421,223 421,223 461,260 461,260 
Restricted cash55,048 55,048 83,190 83,190 
Derivative assets34,305 34,305 53,238 53,238 
REO (3)
15,489 17,718 8,413 9,229 
Margin receivable (3)
10,269 10,269 4,758 4,758 
FHLBC stock (3)
10 10 5,000 5,000 
Pledged collateral (3)
— — 1,177 1,177 
Liabilities
Short-term debt $1,484,999 $1,484,999 $522,609 $522,609 
Margin payable (4)
19,503 19,503 — — 
Guarantee obligation (4)
8,446 5,932 10,039 7,843 
Derivative liabilities3,240 3,240 16,072 16,072 
ABS issued, net
Fair value7,360,766 7,360,766 6,900,362 6,900,362 
Amortized cost176,231 180,080 200,299 204,892 
Other long-term debt, net (5)
833,272 834,214 774,726 783,570 
Convertible notes, net (5)
512,339 531,473 511,085 499,865 
Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes, net (5)
138,697 87,188 138,674 80,910 
(1)These investments are included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Includes equity, debt, and loan investments included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets.
(3)These assets are included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
(4)These liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
(5)These liabilities are included in Long-term debt, net on our consolidated balance sheets.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, as well as the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs used to measure fair value.
Table 5.2 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
June 30, 2021Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Residential loans$5,742,565 $— $— $5,742,565 
Business purpose loans4,408,889 — — 4,408,889 
Multifamily loans485,157 — — 485,157 
Real estate securities354,886 — — 354,886 
Servicer advance investments184,551 — — 184,551 
MSRs8,721 — — 8,721 
Excess MSRs29,988 — — 29,988 
Shared home appreciation options44,319 — — 44,319 
Derivative assets34,305 2,368 17,746 14,191 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities$3,240 $1,561 $957 $722 
ABS issued7,360,766 — — 7,360,766 
December 31, 2020Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Residential loans$4,249,014 $— $— $4,249,014 
Business purpose loans4,136,353 — — 4,136,353 
Multifamily loans492,221 — — 492,221 
Real estate securities344,125 — — 344,125 
Servicer advance investments231,489 — — 231,489 
MSRs8,815 — — 8,815 
Excess MSRs34,418 — — 34,418 
Shared home appreciation options42,440 — — 42,440 
Derivative assets53,238 18,260 19,951 15,027 
Pledged collateral1,177 1,177 — — 
FHLBC stock5,000 — 5,000 — 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities$16,072 $15,495 $— $577 
ABS issued6,900,362 — — 6,900,362 
Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Table 5.3 – Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Residential LoansBusiness Purpose
Loans
Multifamily LoansTrading SecuritiesAFS
Securities
Servicer Advance InvestmentsMSRsExcess MSRsShared Home Appreciation Options
(In Thousands)
Beginning balance -
   December 31, 2020
$4,249,014 $4,136,353 $492,221 $125,667 $218,458 $231,489 $8,815 $34,418 $42,440 
Acquisitions6,684,292 — — 26,367 1,600 — 2,283 — — 
Originations— 913,704 — — — — — — — 
Sales(4,531,811)(9,231)— (31,949)(4,785)— — — — 
Principal paydowns(727,627)(599,889)(3,806)(807)(28,979)(45,838)— — (5,516)
Gains (losses) in net income (loss), net70,184 (17,835)(3,258)23,147 14,172 (1,100)(2,251)(4,430)7,395 
Unrealized losses in OCI, net— — — — 11,995 — — — — 
Other settlements, net (1)
(1,487)(14,213)— — — — (126)— — 
Ending balance -
   June 30, 2021
$5,742,565 $4,408,889 $485,157 $142,425 $212,461 $184,551 $8,721 $29,988 $44,319 
Table 5.3 – Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (continued)
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)
ABS
Issued
(In Thousands)
Beginning balance - December 31, 2020$14,450 $6,900,362 
Acquisitions— 1,629,218 
Principal paydowns— (1,055,541)
Gains (losses) in net income (loss), net(197)(113,273)
Other settlements, net (1)
(784)— 
Ending balance - June 30, 2021$13,469 $7,360,766 
(1)    Other settlements, net for residential and business purpose loans represents the transfer of loans to REO, and for derivatives, the settlement of forward sale commitments and the transfer of the fair value of loan purchase or interest rate lock commitments at the time loans are acquired to the basis of residential and single-family rental loans.
(2)    For the purpose of this presentation, derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of loan purchase commitments and interest rate lock commitments, are presented on a net basis.
Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held and Included in Net Income
The following table presents the portion of gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income (loss) that were attributable to Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and held at June 30, 2021 and 2020. Gains or losses incurred on assets or liabilities sold, matured, called, or fully written down during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are not included in this presentation.
Table 5.4 – Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held at June 30, 2021 and 2020 Included in Net Income
Included in Net Income
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands)2021202020212020
Assets
Residential loans at Redwood$14,130 $(359)$10,481 $(746)
Business purpose loans28,404 31,187 40,003 (21,026)
Net investments in consolidated Sequoia entities (1)
4,693 39,558 8,893 (30,502)
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities (1)
36,137 26,867 40,225 (115,295)
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entity (1)
1,855 1,599 10,776 (13,180)
Net investments in consolidated CAFL entities (1)
2,908 17,125 2,556 (50,721)
Trading securities1,772 30,647 2,262 (79,633)
Servicer advance investments(940)(136)(1,100)(6,198)
MSRs(330)(1,591)273 (16,507)
Excess MSRs(2,477)2,971 (4,430)(6,523)
Shared home appreciation options2,080 884 7,395 (6,670)
Loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments14,550 357 14,171 357 
Liabilities
Loan purchase commitments$(696)$2,137 $(724)$(1,634)
(1)    Represents the portion of net gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income (loss) related to loans and the associated ABS issued at our consolidated securitization entities held at June 30, 2021 and 2020, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs, excluding REO.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Non-Recurring Basis
The following table presents information on assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2021. This table does not include the carrying value and gains or losses associated with the asset types below that were not recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2021.
Table 5.5 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at June 30, 2021
Gain (Loss) for
June 30, 2021Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements UsingThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3June 30, 2021June 30, 2021
Assets
REO$1,233 $— $— $1,233 $(3)$(7)
Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net The following table presents the net market valuation gains and losses recorded in each line item of our consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.
Table 5.6 – Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands)2021202020212020
Mortgage Banking Activities, Net
Residential loans held-for-sale, at fair value$24,988 $(2,014)$48,100 $(15,494)
Residential loan purchase and forward sale commitments51,919 621 (466)22,056 
Single-family rental loans held-for-sale, at fair value25,222 1,210 35,470 12,677 
Single-family rental loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments744 — 744 341 
Bridge loans2,225 (1,260)3,269 (5,194)
Trading securities (1)
(1,095)— (374)— 
Risk management derivatives, net(58,244)— 34,578 (52,832)
Total mortgage banking activities, net (2)
$45,759 $(1,443)$121,321 $(38,446)
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net
Residential loans at Redwood$1,290 $104 $1,607 $(93,532)
Single-family rental loans held-for-investment— 2,222 — (20,806)
Bridge loans held-for-investment(62)21,774 3,242 (16,828)
Trading securities2,893 42,246 23,521 (221,079)
Servicer advance investments(940)(136)(1,100)(6,198)
Excess MSRs(2,477)2,971 (4,430)(6,523)
Net investments in Legacy Sequoia entities (3)
(216)(230)(915)(621)
Net investments in Sequoia entities (3)
4,906 39,753 9,804 (29,916)
Net investments in Freddie Mac SLST entities (3)
36,316 26,867 40,433 (115,295)
Net investment in Freddie Mac K-Series entity (3)
1,855 1,599 10,776 (84,910)
Net investments in CAFL entities (3)
3,697 17,125 3,411 (50,721)
Shared home appreciation options2,080 884 7,395 (6,670)
Other investments125 (3,005)435 (4,892)
Risk management derivatives, net— — — (59,142)
Credit recoveries (losses) on AFS securities13 54 388 (1,471)
Total investment fair value changes, net$49,480 $152,228 $94,567 $(718,604)
Other Income
MSRs$(1,381)$(3,955)$(2,247)$(22,563)
Risk management derivatives, net— — — 13,966 
Total other income (4)
$(1,381)$(3,955)$(2,247)$(8,597)
Total Market Valuation Gains (Losses), Net$93,858 $146,830 $213,641 $(765,647)
(1)Represents fair value changes on trading securities that are being used along with risk management derivatives to manage the mark-to-market risks associated with our residential mortgage banking operations.
(2)Mortgage banking activities, net presented above does not include fee income from loan originations or acquisitions, provisions for repurchases expense, and other expenses that are components of Mortgage banking activities, net presented on our consolidated statements of income (loss), as these amounts do not represent market valuation changes.
(3)Includes changes in fair value of the residential loans held-for-investment, REO and the ABS issued at the entities, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs.
(4)Other income presented above does not include net MSR fee income or provisions for repurchases for MSRs, as these amounts do not represent market valuation adjustments.
Quantitative Information about Significant Unobservable Inputs Used in Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments
June 30, 2021Fair
Value
Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values)Unobservable InputRange
Weighted
Average(1)
Assets
Residential loans, at fair value:
Jumbo fixed-rate loans$232,343 Prepayment rate (annual CPR)20 -20 %20 %
Whole loan spread to TBA price$2.00 -$2.00 $2.00 
Whole loan spread to swap rate215 -215 bps215 bps
Jumbo loans committed to sell928,170 Whole loan committed sales price$100.88 -$103.03 $102.38 
Loans held by Legacy Sequoia (2)
260,875 Liability priceN/AN/A
Loans held by Sequoia (2)
2,222,553 Liability priceN/AN/A
Loans held by Freddie Mac SLST (2)
2,098,624 Liability priceN/AN/A
Business purpose loans:
Single-family rental loans418,442 Senior credit spread70 -70 bps70 bps
Subordinate credit spread105 -1,531 bps391 bps
Senior credit support34 -34 %34 %
IO discount rate-%%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-%%
Non-securitizable loan dollar price$82 -$102 $99 
Single-family rental loans held by CAFL3,263,878 Liability priceN/AN/A
Bridge loans726,569 Discount rate-15 %%
Multifamily loans held by Freddie Mac K-Series (2)
485,157 Liability priceN/AN/A
Trading and AFS securities354,886 Discount rate-31 % %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-62 %28  %
Default rate— -25 % %
Loss severity— -50 %22  %
CRT dollar price$95 -$113 $102 
Servicer advance investments184,551 Discount rate-%%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)20 -30 %21 %
Expected remaining life (3)
4-4years4years
Mortgage servicing income— -15 bpsbps
MSRs8,721 Discount rate12 -12 %12  %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-84 %36  %
Per loan annual cost to service$96 -$96 $96 
Excess MSRs29,988 Discount rate13 -16 %15 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)21 -30 %24 %
Excess mortgage servicing income-17 bps11 bps
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments (continued)
June 30, 2021Fair
Value
Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values)Unobservable InputRange
Weighted
Average (1)
Assets (continued)
Shared home appreciation options$44,319 Discount rate13 -13 %13 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)16 -24 %17 %
Home price appreciation-%%
REO1,233 Loss severity-40 %23 %
Residential loan purchase commitments, net 12,725 Committed sales price$102.00 -$103.03 $102.64 
Pull-through rate21 -100 %72 %
Whole loan spread to TBA price$2.00 -$2.00 $2.00 
Whole loan spread to swap rate 191 -215 bps201 bps
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)20 -20 %20 %
Single-family rental interest rate lock commitments744 Senior credit spread70 -70 bps70 bps
Subordinate credit spread105 -1,531 bps391 bps
Senior credit support34 -34 %34 %
IO discount rate10 -11 %10 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-%%
Pull-through rate100 -100 %100 %
Liabilities
ABS issued (2):
At consolidated Sequoia entities2,248,759 Discount rate-18 % %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-51 %33  %
Default rate— -39 % %
Loss severity25 -50 %32  %
At consolidated CAFL entities (4)
3,007,596 Discount rate-13 %%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-%%
Default rate-18 %%
Loss severity30 -30 %30 %
At consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities1,650,087 Discount rate-%%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-%%
Default rate-10 %%
Loss severity35 -35 %35 %
At consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entities (4)
454,324 Discount rate-% %
(1)The weighted average input values for all loan types are based on the unpaid principal balance. The weighted average input values for all other assets and liabilities are based on relative fair value.
(2)The fair value of the loans held by consolidated entities was based on the fair value of the ABS issued by these entities, including securities we own, which we determined were more readily observable, in accordance with accounting guidance for collateralized financing entities. At June 30, 2021, the fair value of securities we owned at the consolidated Sequoia, CAFL, Freddie Mac SLST, and Freddie Mac K-Series entities was $235 million, $268 million, $450 million, and $31 million, respectively.
(3)Represents the estimated average duration of outstanding servicer advances at a given point in time (not taking into account new advances made with respect to the pool).
(4)As a market convention, certain securities are priced to a no-loss yield and therefore do not include default and loss severity assumptions.