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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities | The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Table 5.1 – Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
|  | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
|  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, held-for-sale at fair value |  | $ | 1,347,036 |  |  | $ | 1,347,036 |  |  | $ | 1,845,248 |  |  | $ | 1,845,248 |
Residential loans, held-for-investment |  | 5,870,068 |  |  | 5,870,068 |  |  | 5,747,150 |  |  | 5,747,150 |
Business purpose loans, held-for-sale |  | 505,889 |  |  | 505,889 |  |  | 358,309 |  |  | 358,309 |
Business purpose loans, held-for-investment |  | 4,248,889 |  |  | 4,248,889 |  |  | 4,432,680 |  |  | 4,432,680 |
Multifamily loans |  | 451,804 |  |  | 451,804 |  |  | 473,514 |  |  | 473,514 |
Real estate securities |  | 358,882 |  |  | 358,882 |  |  | 377,411 |  |  | 377,411 |
Servicer advance investments (1) |  | 302,837 |  |  | 302,837 |  |  | 350,923 |  |  | 350,923 |
MSRs (1) |  | 19,739 |  |  | 19,739 |  |  | 12,438 |  |  | 12,438 |
Excess MSRs (1) |  | 43,023 |  |  | 43,023 |  |  | 44,231 |  |  | 44,231 |
HEIs (1) |  | 227,133 |  |  | 227,133 |  |  | 192,740 |  |  | 192,740 |
Other investments (1) |  | 11,824 |  |  | 11,824 |  |  | 12,663 |  |  | 12,663 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 409,272 |  |  | 409,272 |  |  | 450,485 |  |  | 450,485 |
Restricted cash |  | 73,549 |  |  | 73,549 |  |  | 80,999 |  |  | 80,999 |
Derivative assets |  | 112,060 |  |  | 112,060 |  |  | 26,467 |  |  | 26,467 |
REO (2) |  | 27,179 |  |  | 30,787 |  |  | 36,126 |  |  | 39,272 |
Margin receivable (2) |  | 17,165 |  |  | 17,165 |  |  | 7,269 |  |  | 7,269 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term debt |  | $ | 1,647,246 |  |  | $ | 1,647,246 |  |  | $ | 2,177,362 |  |  | $ | 2,177,362 |
Margin payable (3) |  | 41,966 |  |  | 41,966 |  |  | 24,368 |  |  | 24,368 |
Guarantee obligation (3) |  | 7,046 |  |  | 6,579 |  |  | 7,459 |  |  | 7,133 |
HEI securitization non-controlling interest |  | 23,253 |  |  | 23,253 |  |  | 17,035 |  |  | 17,035 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 80,260 |  |  | 80,260 |  |  | 3,317 |  |  | 3,317 |
ABS issued net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value |  | 8,475,868 |  |  | 8,475,868 |  |  | 8,843,147 |  |  | 8,843,147 |
Amortized cost |  | 396,498 |  |  | 379,930 |  |  | 410,410 |  |  | 410,471 |
Other long-term debt, net (4) |  | 1,310,683 |  |  | 1,307,867 |  |  | 988,483 |  |  | 989,570 |
Convertible notes, net (4) |  | 514,289 |  |  | 518,738 |  |  | 513,629 |  |  | 537,300 |
Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes, net (4) |  | 138,732 |  |  | 104,625 |  |  | 138,721 |  |  | 97,650 |
(1)These investments are included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets. (2)These assets are included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. (3)These liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. (4)The liabilities are included in Long-Term debt, net of our consolidated balance sheets.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, as well as the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs used to measure fair value. Table 5.2 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
March 31, 2022 |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans |  | $ | 7,217,104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,217,104 |
Business purpose loans |  | 4,754,778 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,754,778 |
Multifamily loans |  | 451,804 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 451,804 |
Real estate securities |  | 358,882 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 358,882 |
Servicer advance investments |  | 302,837 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 302,837 |
MSRs |  | 19,739 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,739 |
Excess MSRs |  | 43,023 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,023 |
HEIs |  | 227,133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 227,133 |
Other investments |  | 11,824 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,824 |
Derivative assets |  | 112,060 |  |  | 98,538 |  |  | 11,412 |  |  | 2,110 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HEI securitization non-controlling interest |  | $ | 23,253 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,253 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 80,260 |  |  | 65,119 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 14,491 |
ABS issued |  | 8,475,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,475,868 |
December 31, 2021 |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans |  | $ | 7,592,398 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,592,398 |
Business purpose loans |  | 4,790,989 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,790,989 |
Multifamily loans |  | 473,514 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 473,514 |
Real estate securities |  | 377,411 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 377,411 |
Servicer advance investments |  | 350,923 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 350,923 |
MSRs |  | 12,438 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,438 |
Excess MSRs |  | 44,231 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,231 |
HEIs |  | 192,740 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 192,740 |
Other investments |  | 17,574 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,574 |
Derivative assets |  | 26,467 |  |  | 2,906 |  |  | 18,928 |  |  | 4,633 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HEI securitization non-controlling interest |  | $ | 17,035 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,035 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 3,317 |  |  | 1,563 |  |  | 1,251 |  |  | 503 |
ABS issued |  | 8,843,147 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,843,147 |
Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Table 5.3 – Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
|  | Assets
|  | Residential Loans |  | Business Purpose Loans |  | Multifamily Loans |  | Trading Securities |  | AFS Securities |  | Servicer Advance Investments |  | Excess MSRs |  | HEIs |  | MSRs and Other Investments
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance - December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 7,592,398 |  |  | $ | 4,790,989 |  |  | $ | 473,514 |  |  | $ | 170,619 |  |  | $ | 206,792 |  |  | $ | 350,923 |  |  | $ | 44,231 |  |  | $ | 192,740 |  |  | $ | 25,101 |
Acquisitions |  | 2,110,494 |  |  | 64,875 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,006 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,141 |  |  | 5,793 |
Originations |  | — |  |  | 855,227 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sales |  | (1,849,874) |  |  | (331,750) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,762) |
Principal paydowns |  | (297,480) |  |  | (407,991) |  |  | (2,029) |  |  | (485) |  |  | (22,564) |  |  | (45,005) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,671) |  |  | (30) |
Gains (losses) in net income, net |  | (337,595) |  |  | (216,300) |  |  | (19,681) |  |  | (1,456) |  |  | 10,383 |  |  | (3,081) |  |  | (1,208) |  |  | 6,923 |  |  | 3,020 |
Unrealized losses in OCI, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,413) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other settlements, net (1) |  | (839) |  |  | (272) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (559) |
Ending balance - March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 7,217,104 |  |  | $ | 4,754,778 |  |  | $ | 451,804 |  |  | $ | 173,684 |  |  | $ | 185,198 |  |  | $ | 302,837 |  |  | $ | 43,023 |  |  | $ | 227,133 |  |  | $ | 31,563 |
|  |  |  |  | Liabilities
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Derivatives (2) |  | HEI Securitization Non-Controlling Interest |  | ABS Issued
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance - December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,130 |  |  | $ | 17,035 |  |  | $ | 8,843,147 |
Acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 680,749 |
Principal paydowns |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (520,949) |
Gains (losses) in net income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (42,379) |  |  | 6,218 |  |  | (527,079) |
Other settlements, net (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Ending balance - March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (12,381) |  |  | $ | 23,253 |  |  | $ | 8,475,868 |
(1) Other settlements, net for residential and business purpose loans represents the transfer of loans to REO, and for derivatives, the transfer of the fair value of loan purchase or interest rate lock commitments at the time loans are acquired to the basis of residential and single-family rental loans. (2) For the purpose of this presentation, derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of loan purchase commitments, forward sale commitments, and interest rate lock commitments, are presented on a net basis.
Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held and Included in Net Income | The following table presents the portion of gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income that were attributable to Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and held at March 31, 2022 and 2021. Gains or losses incurred on assets or liabilities sold, matured, called, or fully written down during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are not included in this presentation. Table 5.4 – Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held at March 31, 2022 and 2021 Included in Net Income
|  | Included in Net Income
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In Thousands) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans at Redwood |  | $ | (35,397) |  |  | $ | (9,978) |  |  |  |  |
Business purpose loans |  | (14,647) |  |  | 5,104 |  |  |  |  |
Net investments in consolidated Sequoia entities (1) |  | (4,981) |  |  | 4,201 |  |  |  |  |
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities (1) |  | 2,940 |  |  | 4,088 |  |  |  |  |
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entities (1) |  | 264 |  |  | 8,921 |  |  |  |  |
Net investments in consolidated CAFL SFR entities (1) |  | 4,048 |  |  | 370 |  |  |  |  |
Net investment in consolidated HEI securitization entity (1) |  | 9,628 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities |  | (1,401) |  |  | 490 |  |  |  |  |
Servicer advance investments |  | (3,081) |  |  | (160) |  |  |  |  |
MSRs |  | 3,526 |  |  | 756 |  |  |  |  |
Excess MSRs |  | (1,208) |  |  | (1,952) |  |  |  |  |
HEIs at Redwood |  | 1,185 |  |  | 5,315 |  |  |  |  |
Loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments |  | 2,050 |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HEI securitization non-controlling interest |  | $ | (6,218) |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Loan purchase commitments |  | (14,442) |  |  | (35,661) |  |  |  |  |
(1) Represents the portion of net gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income related to loans, securitized HEIs, and the associated ABS issued at our consolidated securitization entities held at March 31, 2022 and 2021, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs, excluding REO.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Non-Recurring Basis | The following table presents information on assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2022. This table does not include the carrying value and gains or losses associated with the asset types below that were not recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2022. Table 5.5 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at March 31, 2022
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gain (Loss) for
March 31, 2022 |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  | Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(In Thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | March 31, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
REO |  | $ | 646 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 646 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net | The following table presents the net market valuation gains and losses recorded in each line item of our consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Table 5.6 – Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In Thousands) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |
Mortgage Banking Activities, Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans held-for-sale, at fair value |  | $ | (27,199) |  |  | $ | 23,112 |  |  |  |  |
Residential loan purchase commitments |  | (41,623) |  |  | (52,385) |  |  |  |  |
Single-family rental loans held-for-sale, at fair value |  | (24,468) |  |  | 10,248 |  |  |  |  |
Single-family rental loan interest rate lock commitments |  | (725) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Bridge loans |  | 2,135 |  |  | 1,044 |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities (1) |  | 2,786 |  |  | 721 |  |  |  |  |
Risk management derivatives, net |  | 90,387 |  |  | 92,822 |  |  |  |  |
Total mortgage banking activities, net (2) |  | $ | 1,293 |  |  | $ | 75,562 |  |  |  |  |
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans held-for-sale, at fair value (called Sequoia loans) |  | $ | (4,252) |  |  | $ | 317 |  |  |  |  |
Bridge loans held-for-investment |  | (2,143) |  |  | 3,304 |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities |  | (4,242) |  |  | 20,628 |  |  |  |  |
Servicer advance investments |  | (3,081) |  |  | (160) |  |  |  |  |
Excess MSRs |  | (1,208) |  |  | (1,953) |  |  |  |  |
Net investments in Legacy Sequoia entities (3) |  | (714) |  |  | (699) |  |  |  |  |
Net investments in Sequoia entities (3) |  | (3,822) |  |  | 4,898 |  |  |  |  |
Net investments in Freddie Mac SLST entities (3) |  | 3,036 |  |  | 4,117 |  |  |  |  |
Net investment in Freddie Mac K-Series entity (3) |  | 264 |  |  | 8,921 |  |  |  |  |
Net investments in CAFL SFR entities (3) |  | 4,048 |  |  | (286) |  |  |  |  |
Net investment in HEI securitization entity (3) |  | 3,411 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
HEIs at Redwood |  | 1,192 |  |  | 5,315 |  |  |  |  |
Other investments |  | 123 |  |  | 310 |  |  |  |  |
Risk management derivatives, net |  | 1,973 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Credit (losses) recoveries on AFS securities |  | (705) |  |  | 375 |  |  |  |  |
Total investment fair value changes, net |  | $ | (6,120) |  |  | $ | 45,087 |  |  |  |  |
Other Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
MSRs |  | $ | 2,968 |  |  | $ | (866) |  |  |  |  |
Total other income (4) |  | $ | 2,968 |  |  | $ | (866) |  |  |  |  |
Total Market Valuation Gains (Losses), Net |  | $ | (1,859) |  |  | $ | 119,783 |  |  |  |  |
(1)Represents fair value changes on trading securities that are being used along with risk management derivatives to manage the mark-to-market risks associated with our residential mortgage banking operations. (2)Mortgage banking activities, net presented above does not include fee income from loan originations or acquisitions, provisions for repurchases expense, and other expenses that are components of Mortgage banking activities, net presented on our consolidated statements of income, as these amounts do not represent market valuation changes. (3)Includes changes in fair value of the residential loans held-for-investment, securitized HEIs, REO and the ABS issued at the entities, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs accounted for under the CFE election. (4)Other income presented above does not include net MSR fee income or provisions for repurchases for MSRs, as these amounts do not represent market valuation adjustments.
Quantitative Information about Significant Unobservable Inputs Used in Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value | The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value. Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments
March 31, 2022 |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values) |  |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  |  | Weighted Average(1)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loans, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jumbo fixed-rate loans |  | $ | 772,917 |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 20 |  | - | 20 |  | % |  | 20 |  | %
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread to TBA price |  | $ | 2.94 |  | - | $ | 2.94 |  |  |  | $ | 2.94 |  |
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread to swap rate |  | 225 |  | - | 225 |  | bps |  | 225 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Called loan dollar price |  | $ | 100 |  | — | $ | 100 |  |  |  | $ | 100 |  |
Jumbo loans committed to sell |  | 574,119 |  |  | Whole loan committed sales price |  | $ | 95.92 |  | - | $ | 102.19 |  |  |  | $ | 98.23 |  |
Loans held by Legacy Sequoia (2) |  | 222,213 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Loans held by Sequoia (2) |  | 3,872,316 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Loans held by Freddie Mac SLST (2) |  | 1,775,539 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Business purpose loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family rental loans |  | 505,889 |  |  | Senior credit spread |  | 140 |  | - | 175 |  | bps |  | 155 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Subordinate credit spread |  | 180 |  | - | 1,434 |  | bps |  | 377 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Senior credit support |  | 36 |  | - | 37 |  | % |  | 36 |  | %
|  |  |  | IO discount rate |  | 8 |  | - | 14 |  | % |  | 9 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 3 |  | - | 25 |  | % |  | 7 |  | %
|  |  |  | Non-securitizable loan dollar price |  | $ | 78 |  | - | $ | 100 |  |  |  | $ | 98 |  |
Single-family rental loans held by CAFL (2) |  | 3,038,939 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Bridge loans |  | 1,209,950 |  |  | Whole loan discount rate |  | 4 |  | - | 15 |  | % |  | 7 |  | %
|  |  |  | Senior credit spread |  | 180 |  | - | 180 |  | bps |  | 180 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Subordinate credit spread |  | 225 |  | - | 790 |  | bps |  | 498 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Senior credit support |  | 47 |  | - | 47 |  | % |  | 47 |  | %
|  |  |  | Residual certificate discount rate |  | 11 |  | - | 11 |  | % |  | 11 |  | %
Multifamily loans held by Freddie Mac K-Series (2) |  | 451,804 |  |  | Liability price |  |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Trading and AFS securities |  | 358,882 |  |  | Discount rate |  | — |  | - | 18 |  | % |  | 8 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 8 |  | - | 55 |  | % |  | 20 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | — |  | - | 27 |  | % |  | 4 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | — |  | - | 50 |  | % |  | 25 |  | %
|  |  |  | CRT dollar price |  | $ | 88 |  | - | $ | 106 |  |  |  | $ | 95 |  |
Servicer advance investments |  | 302,837 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 2 |  | - | 4 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 14 |  | - | 30 |  | % |  | 17 |  | %
|  |  |  | Expected remaining life (3) |  | 5 | - | 5 | yrs |  | 5 | yrs
|  |  |  | Mortgage servicing income |  | — |  | - | 17 |  | bps |  | 5 |  | bps
MSRs |  | 19,739 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 12 |  | - | 12 |  | % |  | 12 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 10 |  | - | 29 |  | % |  | 16 |  | %
|  |  |  | Per loan annual cost to service |  | $ | 94 |  | - | $ | 94 |  |  |  | $ | 94 |  |
Excess MSRs |  | 43,023 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 13 |  | - | 19 |  | % |  | 18 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 18 |  | - | 31 |  | % |  | 21 |  | %
|  |  |  | Excess mortgage servicing income |  | 10 |  | - | 17 |  | bps |  | 11 |  | bps
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments (continued)
March 31, 2022 |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values) |  |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  |  | Weighted Average (1)
Assets (continued) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HEI |  | 73,886 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10 |  | - | 10 |  | % |  | 10 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 1 |  | - | 24 |  | % |  | 17 |  | %
|  |  |  | Home price appreciation |  | 3 |  | - | 4 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
HEIs held by HEI securitization entity |  | 153,247 |  |  | Liability price |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
REO |  | 646 |  |  | Loss severity |  | 4 |  | - | 24 |  | % |  | 12 |  | %
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential loan purchase commitments, net |  | 12,322 |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 20 |  | - | 20 |  | % |  | 20 |  | %
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread to TBA price |  | $ | 2.94 |  | - | $ | 2.94 |  |  |  | $ | 2.94 |  |
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread to swap rate |  | 225 |  | - | 225 |  | bps |  | 225 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Pull-through rate |  | 20 |  | - | 100 |  | % |  | 73 |  | %
|  |  |  | Committed sales price |  | $ | 95.92 |  | - | $ | 102.29 |  |  |  | $ | 98.18 |  |
Single-family rental interest rate lock commitments |  | 59 |  |  | Senior credit spread |  | 140 |  | - | 140 |  | bps |  | 140 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Subordinate credit spread |  | 180 |  | - | 1,434 |  | bps |  | 331 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Senior credit support |  | 37 |  | - | 37 |  | % |  | 37 |  | %
|  |  |  | IO discount rate |  | 8 |  | - | 8 |  | % |  | 8 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 3 |  | - | 3 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Pull-through rate |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |  | % |  | 100 |  | %
ABS issued (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
At consolidated Sequoia entities |  | 3,848,221 |  |  | Discount rate |  | — |  | - | 18 |  | % |  | 5 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 7 |  | - | 45 |  | % |  | 25 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | — |  | - | 11 |  | % |  | 1 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | 25 |  | - | 50 |  | % |  | 32 |  | %
At consolidated CAFL SFR entities (4) |  | 2,745,104 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 2 |  | - | 12 |  | % |  | 5 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 3 |  | - | 3 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | 5 |  | - | 20 |  | % |  | 6 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | 30 |  | - | 30 |  | % |  | 30 |  | %
At consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities |  | 1,341,282 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 3 |  | - | 7 |  | % |  | 4 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 6 |  | - | 7 |  | % |  | 6 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | 9 |  | - | 10 |  | % |  | 9 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | 35 |  | - | 35 |  | % |  | 35 |  | %
At consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entities (4) |  | 419,883 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 3 |  | - | 8 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
At consolidated HEI securitization entity (4) |  | 121,378 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 7 |  | - | 12 |  | % |  | 7 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | 20 |  | - | 20 |  | % |  | 20 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | 10 |  | - | 10 |  | % |  | 10 |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | 30 |  | - | 30 |  | % |  | 30 |  | %
|  |  |  | Home price appreciation |  | 3 |  | - | 4 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
Footnotes to Table 5.7 (1)The weighted average input values for all loan types are based on the unpaid principal balance. The weighted average input values for all other assets and liabilities are based on relative fair value. (2)The fair value of the loans and HEIs held by consolidated entities was based on the fair value of the ABS issued by these entities and the securities and other investments we own in those entities, which we determined were more readily observable in accordance with accounting guidance for collateralized financing entities. At March 31, 2022, the fair value of securities we owned at the consolidated Sequoia, CAFL SFR, Freddie Mac SLST, Freddie Mac K-Series, and HEI securitization entities was $246 million, $306 million, $437 million, $32 million, and $14 million, respectively. (3)Represents the estimated average duration of outstanding servicer advances at a given point in time (not taking into account new advances made with respect to the pool). (4)As a market convention, certain securities are priced to a no-loss yield and therefore do not include default and loss severity assumptions.

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