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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Table 5.1 – Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
(In Thousands)
Assets
Residential loans, held-for-sale at fair value$1,347,036 $1,347,036 $1,845,248 $1,845,248 
Residential loans, held-for-investment5,870,068 5,870,068 5,747,150 5,747,150 
Business purpose loans, held-for-sale505,889 505,889 358,309 358,309 
Business purpose loans, held-for-investment4,248,889 4,248,889 4,432,680 4,432,680 
Multifamily loans451,804 451,804 473,514 473,514 
Real estate securities358,882 358,882 377,411 377,411 
Servicer advance investments (1)
302,837 302,837 350,923 350,923 
MSRs (1)
19,739 19,739 12,438 12,438 
Excess MSRs (1)
43,023 43,023 44,231 44,231 
HEIs (1)
227,133 227,133 192,740 192,740 
Other investments (1)
11,824 11,824 12,663 12,663 
Cash and cash equivalents409,272 409,272 450,485 450,485 
Restricted cash73,549 73,549 80,999 80,999 
Derivative assets112,060 112,060 26,467 26,467 
REO (2)
27,179 30,787 36,126 39,272 
Margin receivable (2)
17,165 17,165 7,269 7,269 
Liabilities
Short-term debt $1,647,246 $1,647,246 $2,177,362 $2,177,362 
Margin payable (3)
41,966 41,966 24,368 24,368 
Guarantee obligation (3)
7,046 6,579 7,459 7,133 
HEI securitization non-controlling interest23,253 23,253 17,035 17,035 
Derivative liabilities80,260 80,260 3,317 3,317 
ABS issued net
Fair value8,475,868 8,475,868 8,843,147 8,843,147 
Amortized cost396,498 379,930 410,410 410,471 
Other long-term debt, net (4)
1,310,683 1,307,867 988,483 989,570 
Convertible notes, net (4)
514,289 518,738 513,629 537,300 
Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes, net (4)
138,732 104,625 138,721 97,650 
(1)These investments are included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets.
(2)These assets are included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
(3)These liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
(4)The liabilities are included in Long-Term debt, net of our consolidated balance sheets.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, as well as the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs used to measure fair value.
Table 5.2 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
March 31, 2022Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Residential loans$7,217,104 $— $— $7,217,104 
Business purpose loans4,754,778 — — 4,754,778 
Multifamily loans451,804 — — 451,804 
Real estate securities358,882 — — 358,882 
Servicer advance investments302,837 — — 302,837 
MSRs19,739 — — 19,739 
Excess MSRs43,023 — — 43,023 
HEIs227,133 — — 227,133 
Other investments11,824 — — 11,824 
Derivative assets112,060 98,538 11,412 2,110 
Liabilities
HEI securitization non-controlling interest$23,253 $— $— $23,253 
Derivative liabilities80,260 65,119 650 14,491 
ABS issued8,475,868 — — 8,475,868 
December 31, 2021Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Residential loans$7,592,398 $— $— $7,592,398 
Business purpose loans4,790,989 — — 4,790,989 
Multifamily loans473,514 — — 473,514 
Real estate securities377,411 — — 377,411 
Servicer advance investments350,923 — — 350,923 
MSRs12,438 — — 12,438 
Excess MSRs44,231 — — 44,231 
HEIs192,740 — — 192,740 
Other investments17,574 — — 17,574 
Derivative assets26,467 2,906 18,928 4,633 
Liabilities
HEI securitization non-controlling interest$17,035 $— $— $17,035 
Derivative liabilities3,317 1,563 1,251 503 
ABS issued8,843,147 — — 8,843,147 
Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Table 5.3 – Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Residential LoansBusiness Purpose
Loans
Multifamily LoansTrading SecuritiesAFS
Securities
Servicer Advance InvestmentsExcess MSRsHEIsMSRs and Other Investments
(In Thousands)
Beginning balance -
   December 31, 2021
$7,592,398 $4,790,989 $473,514 $170,619 $206,792 $350,923 $44,231 $192,740 $25,101 
Acquisitions2,110,494 64,875 — 5,006 10,000 — — 40,141 5,793 
Originations— 855,227 — — — — — — — 
Sales(1,849,874)(331,750)— — — — — — (1,762)
Principal paydowns(297,480)(407,991)(2,029)(485)(22,564)(45,005)— (12,671)(30)
Gains (losses) in net income, net(337,595)(216,300)(19,681)(1,456)10,383 (3,081)(1,208)6,923 3,020 
Unrealized losses in OCI, net— — — — (19,413)— — — — 
Other settlements, net (1)
(839)(272)— — — — — — (559)
Ending balance -
   March 31, 2022
$7,217,104 $4,754,778 $451,804 $173,684 $185,198 $302,837 $43,023 $227,133 $31,563 
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)
HEI Securitization Non-Controlling InterestABS
Issued
(In Thousands)
Beginning balance - December 31, 2021$4,130 $17,035 $8,843,147 
Acquisitions— — 680,749 
Principal paydowns— — (520,949)
Gains (losses) in net income, net(42,379)6,218 (527,079)
Other settlements, net (1)
25,868 — — 
Ending balance - March 31, 2022$(12,381)$23,253 $8,475,868 
(1)     Other settlements, net for residential and business purpose loans represents the transfer of loans to REO, and for derivatives, the transfer of the fair value of loan purchase or interest rate lock commitments at the time loans are acquired to the basis of residential and single-family rental loans.
(2)     For the purpose of this presentation, derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of loan purchase commitments, forward sale commitments, and interest rate lock commitments, are presented on a net basis.
Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held and Included in Net Income
The following table presents the portion of gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income that were attributable to Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and held at March 31, 2022 and 2021. Gains or losses incurred on assets or liabilities sold, matured, called, or fully written down during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are not included in this presentation.
Table 5.4 – Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held at March 31, 2022 and 2021 Included in Net Income
Included in Net Income
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In Thousands)20222021
Assets
Residential loans at Redwood$(35,397)$(9,978)
Business purpose loans(14,647)5,104 
Net investments in consolidated Sequoia entities (1)
(4,981)4,201 
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities (1)
2,940 4,088 
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entities (1)
264 8,921 
Net investments in consolidated CAFL SFR entities (1)
4,048 370 
Net investment in consolidated HEI securitization entity (1)
9,628 — 
Trading securities(1,401)490 
Servicer advance investments(3,081)(160)
MSRs3,526 756 
Excess MSRs(1,208)(1,952)
HEIs at Redwood1,185 5,315 
Loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments2,050 1,053 
Liabilities
HEI securitization non-controlling interest $(6,218)$— 
Loan purchase commitments(14,442)(35,661)
(1)    Represents the portion of net gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income related to loans, securitized HEIs, and the associated ABS issued at our consolidated securitization entities held at March 31, 2022 and 2021, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs, excluding REO.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Non-Recurring Basis
The following table presents information on assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2022. This table does not include the carrying value and gains or losses associated with the asset types below that were not recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2022.
Table 5.5 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at March 31, 2022
Gain (Loss) for
March 31, 2022Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements UsingThree Months EndedThree Months Ended
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3March 31, 2022March 31, 2022
Assets
REO$646 $— $— $646 $— $— 
Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net
The following table presents the net market valuation gains and losses recorded in each line item of our consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.
Table 5.6 – Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In Thousands)20222021
Mortgage Banking Activities, Net
Residential loans held-for-sale, at fair value$(27,199)$23,112 
Residential loan purchase commitments(41,623)(52,385)
Single-family rental loans held-for-sale, at fair value(24,468)10,248 
Single-family rental loan interest rate lock commitments(725)— 
Bridge loans2,135 1,044 
Trading securities (1)
2,786 721 
Risk management derivatives, net90,387 92,822 
Total mortgage banking activities, net (2)
$1,293 $75,562 
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net
Residential loans held-for-sale, at fair value (called Sequoia loans)$(4,252)$317 
Bridge loans held-for-investment(2,143)3,304 
Trading securities(4,242)20,628 
Servicer advance investments(3,081)(160)
Excess MSRs(1,208)(1,953)
Net investments in Legacy Sequoia entities (3)
(714)(699)
Net investments in Sequoia entities (3)
(3,822)4,898 
Net investments in Freddie Mac SLST entities (3)
3,036 4,117 
Net investment in Freddie Mac K-Series entity (3)
264 8,921 
Net investments in CAFL SFR entities (3)
4,048 (286)
Net investment in HEI securitization entity (3)
3,411 — 
HEIs at Redwood1,192 5,315 
Other investments123 310 
Risk management derivatives, net1,973 — 
Credit (losses) recoveries on AFS securities(705)375 
Total investment fair value changes, net$(6,120)$45,087 
Other Income
MSRs$2,968 $(866)
Total other income (4)
$2,968 $(866)
Total Market Valuation Gains (Losses), Net$(1,859)$119,783 
(1)Represents fair value changes on trading securities that are being used along with risk management derivatives to manage the mark-to-market risks associated with our residential mortgage banking operations.
(2)Mortgage banking activities, net presented above does not include fee income from loan originations or acquisitions, provisions for repurchases expense, and other expenses that are components of Mortgage banking activities, net presented on our consolidated statements of income, as these amounts do not represent market valuation changes.
(3)Includes changes in fair value of the residential loans held-for-investment, securitized HEIs, REO and the ABS issued at the entities, which netted together represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs accounted for under the CFE election.
(4)Other income presented above does not include net MSR fee income or provisions for repurchases for MSRs, as these amounts do not represent market valuation adjustments.
Quantitative Information about Significant Unobservable Inputs Used in Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments
March 31, 2022Fair
Value
Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values)Unobservable InputRange
Weighted
Average(1)
Assets
Residential loans, at fair value:
Jumbo fixed-rate loans$772,917 Prepayment rate (annual CPR)20 -20 %20 %
Whole loan spread to TBA price$2.94 -$2.94 $2.94 
Whole loan spread to swap rate225 -225 bps225 bps
Called loan dollar price$100 $100 $100 
Jumbo loans committed to sell574,119 Whole loan committed sales price$95.92 -$102.19 $98.23 
Loans held by Legacy Sequoia (2)
222,213 Liability priceN/AN/A
Loans held by Sequoia (2)
3,872,316 Liability priceN/AN/A
Loans held by Freddie Mac SLST (2)
1,775,539 Liability priceN/AN/A
Business purpose loans:
Single-family rental loans505,889 Senior credit spread140 -175 bps155 bps
Subordinate credit spread180 -1,434 bps377 bps
Senior credit support36 -37 %36 %
IO discount rate-14 %%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-25 %%
Non-securitizable loan dollar price$78 -$100 $98 
Single-family rental loans held by CAFL (2)
3,038,939 Liability priceN/AN/A
Bridge loans1,209,950 Whole loan discount rate-15 %%
Senior credit spread180 -180 bps180 bps
Subordinate credit spread225 -790 bps498 bps
Senior credit support47 -47 %47 %
Residual certificate discount rate11 -11 %11 %
Multifamily loans held by Freddie Mac K-Series (2)
451,804 Liability priceN/AN/A
Trading and AFS securities358,882 Discount rate— -18 % %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-55 %20  %
Default rate— -27 % %
Loss severity— -50 %25  %
CRT dollar price$88 -$106 $95 
Servicer advance investments302,837 Discount rate-%%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)14 -30 %17 %
Expected remaining life (3)
5-5yrs5yrs
Mortgage servicing income— -17 bpsbps
MSRs19,739 Discount rate12 -12 %12  %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)10 -29 %16  %
Per loan annual cost to service$94 -$94 $94 
Excess MSRs43,023 Discount rate13 -19 %18 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)18 -31 %21 %
Excess mortgage servicing income10 -17 bps11 bps
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments (continued)
March 31, 2022Fair
Value
Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values)Unobservable InputRange
Weighted
Average (1)
Assets (continued)
HEI73,886 Discount rate10 -10 %10 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-24 %17 %
Home price appreciation-%%
HEIs held by HEI securitization entity153,247 Liability priceN/AN/AN/A
REO646 Loss severity-24 %12 %
Liabilities
Residential loan purchase commitments, net 12,322 Prepayment rate (annual CPR)20 -20 %20 %
Whole loan spread to TBA price $2.94 -$2.94 $2.94 
Whole loan spread to swap rate225 -225 bps225 bps
Pull-through rate20 -100 %73 %
Committed sales price$95.92 -$102.29 $98.18 
Single-family rental interest rate lock commitments59 Senior credit spread140 -140 bps140 bps
Subordinate credit spread180 -1,434 bps331 bps
Senior credit support37 -37 %37 %
IO discount rate-%%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-%%
Pull-through rate100 100 %100 %
ABS issued (2):
At consolidated Sequoia entities3,848,221 Discount rate— -18 % %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-45 %25  %
Default rate— -11 % %
Loss severity25 -50 %32  %
At consolidated CAFL SFR entities (4)
2,745,104 Discount rate-12 %%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-%%
Default rate-20 %%
Loss severity30 -30 %30 %
At consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities1,341,282 Discount rate-% %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-% %
Default rate-10 % %
Loss severity35 -35 %35  %
At consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entities (4)
419,883 Discount rate-%%
At consolidated HEI securitization entity (4)
121,378 Discount rate-12 %%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)20 -20 %20 %
Default rate10 -10 %10 %
Loss severity30 -30 %30 %
Home price appreciation-%%
Footnotes to Table 5.7
(1)The weighted average input values for all loan types are based on the unpaid principal balance. The weighted average input values for all other assets and liabilities are based on relative fair value.
(2)The fair value of the loans and HEIs held by consolidated entities was based on the fair value of the ABS issued by these entities and the securities and other investments we own in those entities, which we determined were more readily observable in accordance with accounting guidance for collateralized financing entities. At March 31, 2022, the fair value of securities we owned at the consolidated Sequoia, CAFL SFR, Freddie Mac SLST, Freddie Mac K-Series, and HEI securitization entities was $246 million, $306 million, $437 million, $32 million, and $14 million, respectively.
(3)Represents the estimated average duration of outstanding servicer advances at a given point in time (not taking into account new advances made with respect to the pool).
(4)As a market convention, certain securities are priced to a no-loss yield and therefore do not include default and loss severity assumptions.