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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Table 5.1 – Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
(In Thousands)
Assets
Residential loans, held-for-sale, at fair value$196,737 $196,737 $780,781 $780,781 
Residential loans, held-for-investment, at fair value5,259,162 5,259,162 4,832,407 4,832,407 
Business purpose loans, held-for-sale, at fair value282,836 282,836 364,073 364,073 
Business purpose loans, held-for-investment, at fair value4,943,887 4,943,887 4,968,513 4,968,513 
Consolidated Agency multifamily loans, at fair value420,096 420,096 424,551 424,551 
Real estate securities, at fair value166,819 166,819 240,475 240,475 
HEIs427,307 427,307 403,462 403,462 
Servicer advance investments (1)
234,304 234,304 269,259 269,259 
MSRs (1)
26,242 26,242 25,421 25,421 
Excess MSRs (1)
39,877 39,877 39,035 39,035 
Other investments (1)
5,847 5,847 6,155 6,155 
Cash and cash equivalents357,308 357,308 258,894 258,894 
Restricted cash89,534 89,534 70,470 70,470 
Derivative assets20,436 20,436 20,830 20,830 
Margin receivable (2)
2,043 2,043 13,802 13,802 
Liabilities
Short-term debt (3)
$1,344,624 $1,344,624 $1,853,664 $1,853,664 
Margin payable (4)
7,512 7,512 5,944 5,944 
Guarantee obligations (4)
6,079 4,378 6,344 4,738 
HEI securitization non-controlling interest23,895 23,895 22,329 22,329 
Derivative liabilities2,316 2,316 16,855 16,855 
ABS issued, net
at fair value7,702,826 7,702,826 7,424,132 7,424,132 
at amortized cost480,344 447,171 562,620 524,768 
Other long-term debt, net (5)
1,144,232 1,087,998 1,077,200 1,069,946 
Convertible notes, net (5)
631,349 580,543 693,473 638,049 
Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes, net (5)
138,790 90,675 138,767 83,700 
(1)These investments are included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets.
(2)These assets are included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Short-term debt excludes short-term convertible notes, which are included below under "Convertible notes, net."
(4)These liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
(5)These liabilities are primarily included in Long-term debt, net on our consolidated balance sheets. Convertible notes, net also includes convertible notes classified as Short-term debt. See Note 14 for more information on Short-term debt.
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as well as the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs used to measure fair value.
Table 5.2 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
June 30, 2023Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Residential loans$5,455,869 $— $— $5,455,869 
Business purpose loans5,226,723 — — 5,226,723 
Consolidated Agency multifamily loans420,096 — — 420,096 
Real estate securities166,819 — — 166,819 
HEIs427,307 — — 427,307 
Servicer advance investments234,304 — — 234,304 
MSRs26,242 — — 26,242 
Excess MSRs39,877 — — 39,877 
Other investments5,847 — — 5,847 
Derivative assets20,436 6,869 10,125 3,442 
Liabilities
HEI securitization non-controlling interest$23,895 $— $— $23,895 
Derivative liabilities2,316 920 — 1,396 
ABS issued7,702,826 — — 7,702,826 
December 31, 2022Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Residential loans$5,613,157 $— $— $5,613,157 
Business purpose loans5,332,586 — — 5,332,586 
Consolidated Agency multifamily loans424,551 — — 424,551 
Real estate securities240,475 — — 240,475 
HEIs403,462 — — 403,462 
Servicer advance investments269,259 — — 269,259 
MSRs25,421 — — 25,421 
Excess MSRs39,035 — — 39,035 
Other investments6,155 — — 6,155 
Derivative assets20,830 5,869 14,625 336 
Liabilities
HEI securitization non-controlling interest$22,329 $— $— $22,329 
Derivative liabilities16,855 16,841 — 14 
ABS issued7,424,132 — — 7,424,132 
Schedule of Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis
The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Table 5.3 – Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets
Residential LoansBusiness Purpose
Loans
Consolidated Agency Multifamily LoansTrading SecuritiesAFS
Securities
HEIsServicer Advance InvestmentsExcess MSRsMSRs and Other Investments
(In Thousands)
Beginning balance -
   December 31, 2022
$5,613,157 $5,332,586 $424,552 $108,329 $132,146 $403,462 $269,259 $39,035 $31,576 
Acquisitions235,479 — — 7,883 1,979 25,513 — — 500 
Originations— 844,799 — — — — — — — 
Sales(172,801)(409,790)— (55,087)(41,775)— — — (272)
Principal paydowns(230,957)(529,404)(4,145)(258)(385)(17,031)(37,268)— (100)
Gains (losses) in net income, net12,129 (4,870)(311)8,456 650 15,363 2,313 842 635 
Unrealized losses in OCI, net— — — — 4,881 — — — — 
Other settlements, net (1)
(1,138)(6,598)— — — — — — (250)
Ending balance -
  June 30, 2023
$5,455,869 $5,226,723 $420,096 $69,323 $97,496 $427,307 $234,304 $39,877 $32,089 
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)
HEI Securitization Non-Controlling InterestABS
Issued
(In Thousands)
Beginning balance - December 31, 2022$322 $22,329 $7,424,132 
Acquisitions— — 635,080 
Principal paydowns— — (360,697)
Gains (losses) in net income, net2,505 1,566 4,311 
Other settlements, net (1)
(781)— — 
Ending balance - June 30, 2023$2,046 $23,895 $7,702,826 
(1)     Other settlements, net: for residential and business purpose loans, represents the transfer of loans to REO; for derivatives, represents the transfer of the fair value of loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments at the time loans are acquired to the basis of residential and business purpose loans; and for MSRs and other investments, primarily represents an investment that was exchanged into a new instrument that is no longer measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(2)     For the purpose of this presentation, derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of loan purchase commitments and interest rate lock commitments, are presented on a net basis.
Schedule of Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held and Included in Net Income
The following table presents the portion of fair value gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income that were attributable to Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and held at June 30, 2023 and 2022. Gains or losses incurred on assets or liabilities sold, matured, called, or fully written down during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are not included in this presentation.
Table 5.4 – Portion of Net Fair Value Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held at June 30, 2023 and 2022 Included in Net Income
Included in Net Income (loss)
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands)2023202220232022
Assets
Residential loans at Redwood$(680)$(15,995)$(466)$(31,858)
Business purpose loans at Redwood and CAFL Bridge(23,033)(28,385)(17,877)(36,566)
Net investments in consolidated Sequoia entities (1)
170 (6,222)2,519 (11,203)
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities (1)
(16,760)(36,014)(8,001)(33,074)
Net investments in consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entities (1)
385 (190)748 74 
Net investments in consolidated CAFL Term entities (1)
10,707 (21,828)1,897 (17,780)
Net investment in consolidated HEI securitization entity (1)
1,251 3,371 2,445 13,000 
Trading securities1,829 (17,501)3,073 (19,884)
Available-for-sale securities(71)— (99)— 
HEIs at Redwood7,676 1,549 11,053 2,701 
Servicer advance investments3,665 (3,231)2,313 (6,313)
MSRs1,692 4,248 1,278 7,644 
Excess MSRs1,070 (2,220)842 (3,428)
Loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments3,442 2,056 3,442 2,007 
Liabilities
Non-controlling interest in consolidated HEI entity$— $(2,170)$— $(8,388)
Loan purchase commitments(1,396)(488)(1,396)(527)
(1)    Represents the portion of net fair value gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income related to securitized loans, securitized HEIs, and the associated ABS issued at our consolidated securitization entities held at June 30, 2023 and 2022, which, netted together, represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs accounted for under the CFE election, excluding REO.
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Non-Recurring Basis
The following table presents information on assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2023. This table does not include the carrying value and gains or losses associated with the asset types below that were not recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2023.
Table 5.5 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at June 30, 2023
Gain (Loss) for
June 30, 2023Carrying
Value
Fair Value Measurements UsingThree Months EndedSix Months Ended
(In Thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3June 30, 2023June 30, 2023
Assets
Strategic investments$15,550 $— $— $15,550 $(2,650)$(2,650)
REO2,350 — — 2,350 (470)(653)
Schedule of Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net
The following table presents the net market valuation gains and losses recorded in each line item of our consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Table 5.6 – Market Valuation Gains and Losses, Net
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(In Thousands)2023202220232022
Mortgage Banking Activities, Net
Residential loans held-for-sale$(1,085)$(24,517)$5,909 $(51,716)
Residential loan purchase commitments2,420 (8,897)2,181 (50,520)
BPL term loans held-for-sale(1,132)(40,034)11,534 (64,502)
BPL term loan interest rate lock commitments— 40 — (685)
BPL bridge loans2,297 116 3,450 2,251 
Trading securities (1)
1,923 1,315 1,923 4,101 
Risk management derivatives, net5,426 25,387 (3,041)115,774 
Total mortgage banking activities, net (2)
$9,849 $(46,590)$21,956 $(45,297)
Investment Fair Value Changes, Net
Residential loans held-for-investment, at Redwood (called Sequoia loans)$— $(8,010)$183 $(12,262)
BPL term loans held-for-sale(13,625)— (13,625)— 
BPL bridge loans held-for-investment(8,149)(9,559)(6,773)(11,702)
Trading securities4,572 (17,358)6,533 (21,600)
Servicer advance investments3,665 (3,231)2,313 (6,312)
Excess MSRs1,070 (2,220)842 (3,428)
Net investments in Legacy Sequoia entities (3)
(10)(336)(104)(1,050)
Net investments in Sequoia entities (3)
928 (5,886)3,370 (9,708)
Net investments in Freddie Mac SLST entities (3)
(16,563)(35,940)(7,629)(32,904)
Net investment in Freddie Mac K-Series entity (3)
385 (190)748 74 
Net investments in CAFL Term entities (3)
10,707 (21,828)1,897 (17,780)
Net investments in HEI securitization entities (3)
453 1,201 878 4,612 
HEIs at Redwood8,468 1,596 12,308 2,788 
Other investments(3,359)10,460 (3,794)10,583 
Risk management derivatives, net7,679 4,395 (1,025)6,368 
Credit losses on AFS securities, net(71)(1,066)(99)(1,771)
Other(746)— (746)— 
Total investment fair value changes, net$(4,596)$(87,972)$(4,723)$(94,092)
Other Income
MSRs$1,411 $3,827 $821 $6,795 
Other(340)— (460)— 
Total other income (4)
$1,071 $3,827 $361 $6,795 
Total Market Valuation Gains (Losses), Net$6,324 $(130,735)$17,594 $(132,594)
Footnotes to Table 5.6
(1)Represents fair value changes on trading securities that are being used along with risk management derivatives to manage the market risks associated with our residential mortgage banking operations.
(2)Mortgage banking activities, net presented above does not include fee income from loan originations or acquisitions, provisions for repurchases, and other expenses that are components of Mortgage banking activities, net presented on our consolidated statements of income, as these amounts do not represent market valuation changes.
(3)Includes changes in fair value of the residential loans held-for-investment, securitized HEIs, REO, and ABS issued at the entities, which, netted together, represent the change in value of our investments at the consolidated VIEs accounted for under the CFE election.
(4)Other income presented above does not include net MSR fee income or provisions for repurchases of MSRs, as these amounts do not represent market valuation adjustments.
Schedule of Quantitative Information about Significant Unobservable Inputs Used in Valuation of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments
June 30, 2023Fair
Value
Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values)Unobservable InputRange
Weighted
Average(1)
Assets
Residential loans, at fair value:
Jumbo loans$182,383 Whole loan spread to TBA price$3.91 -$3.91 $3.91 
Jumbo loans committed to sell14,318 Whole loan committed sales price$100 -$102 $101 
Loans held by Legacy Sequoia (2)
163,222 Liability priceN/AN/A
Loans held by Sequoia (2)
3,703,754 Liability priceN/AN/A
Loans held by Freddie Mac SLST (2)
1,392,186 Liability priceN/AN/A
Business purpose loans:
BPL term loans269,886 
Senior credit spread(3)
185 -185 bps185 bps
Subordinate credit spread(3)
275 -915 bps491 bps
Senior credit support(3)
36 -36 %36 %
IO discount rate(3)
-%%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)(3)
— -%%
Dollar price of NPLs$58 -$100 $59 
BPL term loans held by CAFL (2)
2,783,731 Liability priceN/AN/A
BPL bridge loans2,173,106 Whole loan discount rate-15 %%
Whole loan spread545 -545 bps545 bps
Multifamily loans held by Freddie Mac K-Series (2)
420,096 Liability priceN/AN/A
Trading and AFS securities166,819 Discount rate-18 %%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-65 %%
Default rate— -14 %0.4 %
Loss severity— -50 %23 %
CRT dollar price$97 -$99 $98 
HEIs298,043 Discount rate10 -10 %10 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-23 %16 %
Home price appreciation (depreciation)(3)-%%
HEIs held by HEI securitization entity129,264 Discount RateN/AN/A
Servicer advance investments234,304 Discount rate-%%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)11 -30 %14 %
Expected remaining life (4)
6-6yrs6yrs
Mortgage servicing income— -18 bpsbps
Table 5.7 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments (continued)
June 30, 2023Fair
Value
Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values)Unobservable InputRange
Weighted
Average (1)
Assets (continued)
MSRs$26,242 Discount rate11 -46 %11 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-25 %%
Per loan annual cost to service$93 -$93 $93 
Excess MSRs39,877 Discount rate13 -19 %18 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)10 -100 %17 %
Excess mortgage servicing amount-20 bps11 bps
Residential loan purchase commitments, net 2,046 Whole loan spread to TBA price$3.91 -$3.91 $3.91 
Pull-through rate17 -100 %68 %
Committed sales price$100 -$103 $101 
Liabilities
ABS issued (2):
At consolidated Sequoia entities3,647,439 Discount rate-18 %%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-35 %10 %
Default rate— -14 %%
Loss severity25 -50 %31 %
At consolidated CAFL Term entities2,475,176 Discount rate— -12 %%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)— -%0.1 %
Default rate-14 %%
Loss severity30 -40 %30 %
At consolidated Freddie Mac SLST entities1,096,972 Discount rate-16 %%
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)-%%
Default rate-%%
Loss severity35 -35 %35 %
At consolidated Freddie Mac K-Series entities (4)
387,581 Discount rate-10 %%
At consolidated HEI entities95,658 Discount rate10 -14 %10 %
Prepayment rate (annual CPR)20 -20 %20 %
Home price appreciation (depreciation)(3)-%%
(1)The weighted average input values for all loan types are based on unpaid principal balance. The weighted average input values for all other assets and liabilities are based on relative fair value.
(2)The fair value of the loans and HEIs held by consolidated entities is based on the fair value of the ABS issued by these entities and the securities and other investments we own in those entities, which we determined were more readily observable in accordance with accounting guidance for collateralized financing entities. At June 30, 2023, the fair value of securities we owned at the consolidated Sequoia, CAFL SFR, Freddie Mac SLST, Freddie Mac K-Series, and HEI securitization entities was $218 million, $306 million, $298 million, $33 million, and $14 million, respectively.
(3)Values represent pricing inputs used in securitization pricing model. Credit spreads generally represent spreads to applicable swap rates.
(4)Represents the estimated average duration of outstanding servicer advances at a given point in time (not taking into account new advances made with respect to the pool).