At September 30, 2023, we were obligated under ten non-cancelable operating leases with expiration dates through 2031 for $18 million of cumulative lease payments. For both the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 our operating lease expense was $4 million.


(In Thousands)	September 30, 2023
2023 (3 months)	$	1,253
2024	4,554
2025	3,629
2026	3,520
2027	2,588
2028 and thereafter	1,991
Total Lease Commitments	17,535
Less: Imputed interest	(1,905)
Operating Lease Liabilities	$	15,630

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we entered into one new office lease. At September 30, 2023, our operating lease liabilities were $16 million, which were a component of Accrued expenses and other liabilities, and our operating lease right-of-use assets were $13 million, which were a component of Other assets.

We determined that none of our leases contained an implicit interest rate and used a discount rate equal to our incremental borrowing rate on a collateralized basis to determine the present value of our total lease payments. As such, we determined the applicable discount rate for each of our leases using a swap rate plus an applicable spread for borrowing arrangements secured by our real estate loans and securities for a length of time equal to the remaining lease term on the lease commencement date. At September 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for our leases was 4 years and 5.2%, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, we had commitments to fund up to $623 million of additional advances on existing BPL bridge loans. These commitments are generally subject to loan agreements with covenants regarding the financial performance of the borrower and other terms regarding advances that must be met before we fund the commitment. At September 30, 2023, we carried a $1 million contingent liability related to these commitments to fund construction advances. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a net market valuation loss of $0.4 million and gain of $0.3 million, respectively, related to this liability through Mortgage banking activities and Investment of fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income.

In 2018, we invested in two partnerships created to acquire and manage certain mortgage servicing related assets. See Note 11 for additional detail on these investments. In connection with these investments, we are required to fund future net servicer advances related to the underlying mortgage loans. The actual amount of net servicer advances we may fund in the future is subject to significant uncertainty and will be based on the credit and prepayment performance of the underlying loans.

In the first quarter of 2022, we entered into a $25 million commitment to an investment fund with the mission of providing quality workforce housing opportunities in several California urban communities, including the San Francisco Bay Area. At September 30, 2023, we had funded $15 million of this commitment. This investment is included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets.

In 2021, we entered into a commitment to fund a $5 million RWT Horizons investment. At September 30, 2023, we had funded $2 million of this commitment. This investment is included in Other investments on our consolidated balance sheets.

In the second quarter of 2023, we established a joint venture with a global investment manager to invest in BPL bridge loans originated by our CoreVest subsidiary. In accordance with the terms of the joint venture, we have committed to sell certain BPL bridge loans we originate into the joint venture that meet specified criteria at contractually pre-established prices. Additionally, we have committed to contribute up to $50 million to the joint venture to fund the joint venture's purchase of BPL bridge loans. At September 30, 2023, we had contributed $1 million of capital to the joint venture.

As part of the consideration for our acquisition of Riverbend, we may make earnout payments payable in cash, based on generating specified revenues over a threshold amount during the two-year period ending July 1, 2024, up to a maximum potential amount payable of $25.3 million. These contingent earnout payments are classified as a contingent consideration liability on our consolidated balance sheets and carried at fair value. At September 30, 2023, our estimated fair value of this contingent liability was zero.

During 2015 and 2016, we sold conforming loans to the Agencies with an original unpaid principal balance of $3.19 billion, subject to our risk-sharing arrangements with the Agencies. At September 30, 2023, the maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these arrangements was $44 million and this amount was partially collateralized by assets we transferred to pledged accounts and is presented as pledged collateral in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. We have no recourse to any third parties that would allow us to recover any amounts related to our obligations under the arrangements. At September 30, 2023, we had incurred less than $100 thousand of cumulative losses under these arrangements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, other income related to these arrangements was $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

All of the loans in the reference pools subject to these risk-sharing arrangements were originated in 2014 and 2015, and at September 30, 2023, the loans had an unpaid principal balance of $406 million, a weighted average FICO score of 761 (at origination), and LTV ratio of 74% (at origination). At September 30, 2023, $7 million of the loans were 90 or more days delinquent, of which three loans with an unpaid principal balance of $1 million were in foreclosure. At September 30, 2023, the carrying value of our guarantee obligation was $6 million and included $5 million designated as a non-amortizing credit reserve, which we believe is sufficient to cover current expected losses under these obligations.

Our consolidated balance sheets include assets of special purpose entities ("SPEs") associated with these risk-sharing arrangements (i.e., the "pledged collateral" referred to above) that can only be used to settle obligations of these SPEs for which the creditors of these SPEs (the Agencies) do not have recourse to us. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, assets of such SPEs totaled $28 million and $30 million, respectively, and at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 liabilities of such SPEs totaled $6 million.

We maintain a repurchase reserve for potential obligations arising from representation and warranty violations related to loans we have sold. We do not originate residential loans and we believe the initial risk of loss due to loan repurchases (i.e., due to a breach of representations and warranties) would generally be a contingency to the companies from whom we acquired the loans. However, in some cases, for example, where loans were acquired from companies that have since become insolvent, repurchase claims may result in our being liable for a repurchase obligation.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our repurchase reserve associated with our residential loans and MSRs was $5 million and $6 million, respectively, and was recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we received one and seven repurchase request(s), respectively, and repurchased five and one loan(s), respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded reversals of repurchase provision expenses of $1 million and $4 million, respectively, in Mortgage banking activities, net, on our consolidated statements of income.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our repurchase reserve associated with business purpose loans sold to third-parties was zero and $1 million, respectively, and was recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we received six and zero repurchase requests, respectively, for business purpose loans sold to third parties, and repurchased twelve and zero business purpose loans, respectively, that had been sold to third parties. No repurchase provision was recorded during the first nine months of 2023 and, at September 30, 2023, one open repurchase request was outstanding for business purpose loans sold to third parties.