At June 30, 2024, we were obligated under eight non-cancelable operating leases with expiration dates through 2031 for $14 million of cumulative lease payments. For the six-months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, our operating lease expense was $2 million and $3 million, respectively.


(In Thousands)	June 30, 2024
2024 (6 months)	$	2,224
2025	3,687
2026	3,520
2027	2,588
2028	1,122
2029 and thereafter	869
Total Lease Commitments	14,010
Less: Imputed interest	(1,354)
Operating Lease Liabilities	$	12,656

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we did not enter into any new office leases with a lease term of greater than one year. At June 30, 2024, our operating lease liabilities were $13 million, which were a component of Accrued expenses and other liabilities, and our operating lease right-of-use assets were $11 million, which were a component of Other assets.

We determined that none of our leases contained an implicit interest rate and used a discount rate equal to our incremental borrowing rate on a collateralized basis to determine the present value of our total lease payments. As such, we determined the applicable discount rate for each of our leases using a swap rate plus an applicable spread for borrowing arrangements secured by our real estate loans and securities for a length of time equal to the remaining lease term on the lease commencement date. At June 30, 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for our leases was 4 years and 5.3%, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024, we had commitments to fund up to $448 million of additional advances on existing residential investor bridge loans. These commitments are generally subject to loan agreements with covenants regarding the financial performance of the borrower and other terms regarding advances that must be met before we fund the commitment. At June 30, 2024, we carried a $2 million contingent liability related to these commitments to fund construction advances. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded a net market valuation expense of $0.4 million of $1 million, respectively, related to this liability through Mortgage banking activities and Investment of fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income.

In the first quarter of 2024, we entered into a joint venture with CPP Investments pursuant to which we will offer to sell certain residential investor bridge and term loans we originate into joint venture entities that meet specified criteria at contractually pre-established prices. We have committed approximately $100 million of equity capital to be allocated to the joint venture entities and joint venture co-investments to be held in Redwood's investment portfolio. At June 30, 2024, we had contributed $1 million of capital to the joint venture.

In the second quarter of 2023, we entered into a joint venture with Oaktree to invest in residential investor bridge loans originated by our CoreVest subsidiary. We have a commitment to contribute up to approximately $19 million to the joint venture to fund the joint venture's purchase of residential investor bridge loans, under the updated terms of the joint venture. At June 30, 2024, we had contributed $5 million of capital to the joint venture.

For additional information related to our commitments and contingencies, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

We maintain a repurchase reserve for potential obligations arising from representation and warranty violations related to residential consumer and residential investor loans we have sold to securitization trusts or third parties and for conforming residential consumer loans associated with MSRs that we have purchased from third parties. We do not originate residential consumer loans and we believe the initial risk of loss due to loan repurchases (i.e., due to a breach of representations and warranties) would generally be a contingency to the companies from whom we acquired the loans. However, in some cases, for example, where loans were acquired from companies that have since become insolvent, repurchase claims may result in our being liable for a repurchase obligation.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our repurchase reserve associated with our residential consumer loans and MSRs was $3 million and $5 million, respectively, and was recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we received two and one repurchase request, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 we repurchased two and five loans, respectively. During both the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we recorded reversals of repurchase provision expenses of $1 million, in Mortgage banking activities, net, on our consolidated statements of income.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our repurchase reserve associated with residential investor loans sold to third-parties was $0.2 million and zero, respectively, and was recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we received ten and three repurchase requests, respectively, for residential investor loans sold to third parties, and repurchased one and twelve residential investor loans, respectively, that had been sold to third parties. At June 30, 2024, two open repurchase requests were outstanding for residential investor loans sold to third parties.

There is no significant update regarding the litigation matters described in Note 17 within the financial statements included in Redwood’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 under the heading “Loss Contingencies - Litigation, Claims and Demands.”