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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as well as the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs used to measure fair value. Table 6.1 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
March 31, 2025 |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential consumer loans |  | $ | 12,752,258 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,752,258 |
Residential investor loans |  | 4,439,834 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,439,834 |
Consolidated Agency multifamily loans |  | 423,673 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 423,673 |
HEI |  | 600,386 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 600,386 |
Real estate securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading |  | 171,363 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 171,363 |
AFS |  | 204,602 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 204,602 |
Servicing investments |  | 298,290 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 298,290 |
Strategic investments |  | 3,460 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,460 |
Derivative assets |  | 158,909 |  |  | 11,154 |  |  | 126,250 |  |  | 21,505 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 19,052,775 |  |  | $ | 11,154 |  |  | $ | 126,250 |  |  | $ | 18,915,371 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ABS issued |  | $ | 14,127,674 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,127,674 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 12,835 |  |  | 8,137 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,698 |
Non-controlling interest |  | 106,160 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106,160 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 14,246,669 |  |  | $ | 8,137 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,238,532 |
December 31, 2024 |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential consumer loans |  | $ | 11,077,823 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,077,823 |
Residential investor loans |  | 4,587,090 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,587,090 |
Consolidated agency multifamily loans |  | 424,597 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 424,597 |
HEI |  | 589,785 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 589,785 |
Real estate securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading |  | 193,749 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 193,749 |
AFS |  | 211,474 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 211,474 |
Servicing investments |  | 297,683 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 297,683 |
Strategic investments |  | 3,460 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,460 |
Derivative assets |  | 46,003 |  |  | 16,446 |  |  | 23,738 |  |  | 5,819 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 17,431,664 |  |  | $ | 16,446 |  |  | $ | 23,738 |  |  | $ | 17,391,480 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ABS issued |  | $ | 12,879,530 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,879,530 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 23,660 |  |  | 23,164 |  |  | — |  |  | 496 |
Non-controlling interest |  | 99,510 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99,510 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 13,002,700 |  |  | $ | 23,164 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,979,536 |
Schedule of Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis | The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Table 6.2 – Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
|  | Assets
|  | Residential Consumer Loans |  | Residential Investor Loans |  | Consolidated Agency Multifamily Loans |  | HEI |  | Real Estate Trading Securities |  | Real Estate AFS Securities |  | Servicing Investments |  | Strategic Investments |  | Derivatives, net (1)
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance - December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 11,077,823 |  |  | $ | 4,587,090 |  |  | $ | 424,597 |  |  | $ | 589,785 |  |  | $ | 193,749 |  |  | $ | 211,474 |  |  | $ | 297,683 |  |  | $ | 3,460 |  |  | $ | 5,323 |
Acquisitions |  | 2,383,197 |  |  | 6,800 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,359 |  |  | 844 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Originations |  | — |  |  | 454,362 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,834 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sales |  | (423,972) |  |  | (346,455) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,714) |  |  | (11,673) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Principal paydowns |  | (423,920) |  |  | (287,639) |  |  | (2,294) |  |  | (10,348) |  |  | (162) |  |  | (96) |  |  | 1,956 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consolidation of securitized bridge loans (2) |  | — |  |  | 43,383 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gains (losses) in net income, net |  | 139,976 |  |  | (15,221) |  |  | 1,370 |  |  | 19,048 |  |  | (27,869) |  |  | 681 |  |  | (1,349) |  |  | — |  |  | 31,254 |
Unrealized gains in OCI, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,372 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other settlements, net (3) |  | (846) |  |  | (2,486) |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,770) |
Ending balance - March 31, 2025 |  | $ | 12,752,258 |  |  | $ | 4,439,834 |  |  | $ | 423,673 |  |  | $ | 600,386 |  |  | $ | 171,363 |  |  | $ | 204,602 |  |  | $ | 298,290 |  |  | $ | 3,460 |  |  | $ | 16,807 |
Change in unrealized gains or (losses) for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the reporting period (4) |  | $ | 132,299 |  |  | $ | (16,696) |  |  | $ | 1,340 |  |  | $ | 18,495 |  |  | $ | (27,693) |  |  | $ | 3,422 |  |  | $ | (1,053) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,807 |
|  | Liabilities
|  | ABS Issued |  | Non-controlling interest
(In Thousands) |  |
Beginning balance - December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 12,879,530 |  |  | $ | 99,510 |
Acquisitions |  | 1,625,956 |  |  | — |
Sales |  | — |  |  | — |
Principal paydowns |  | (503,956) |  |  | (1,187) |
Gains (losses) in net income (loss), net |  | 126,144 |  |  | 5,997 |
Other settlements, net |  | — |  |  | 1,840 |
Ending balance - March 31, 2025 |  | $ | 14,127,674 |  |  | $ | 106,160 |
Change in unrealized gains or (losses) for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the reporting period (4) |  | $ | 97,883 |  |  | $ | (4,640) |
(1)For the purpose of this presentation, derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of loan purchase commitments, are presented on a net basis. (2)In the fourth quarter of 2024, we completed our first CAFL securitization sponsored by our joint venture that we consolidate under GAAP as we are the primary beneficiary. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we transferred $43 million of residential investor bridge loans to the joint venture under the replenishment feature of this securitization. For additional information on our principles of consolidation, see Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item 1 of the 2025 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. (3)Other settlements, net: for residential consumer and residential investor loans, primarily represents the transfer of loans to REO; for HEI, represents the share of HEI disposition fees paid to our third party originators for our purchased HEI portfolio; for derivatives, represents the transfer of the fair value of loan purchase and interest rate lock commitments at the time loans are acquired to the basis of residential consumer and investor loans; and for mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs) and other investments, primarily represents an investment that was exchanged into a new instrument that is no longer measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Footnotes to table 6.2 continued (4)All changes in unrealized gains or (losses) are included in net income, with the exception of Real Estate AFS Securities, which are included in comprehensive income.
Schedule of Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments | The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value. Table 6.3 – Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments
March 31, 2025 |  | Fair Value (1) |  |  |  | Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values) |  |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  |  | Weighted Average (2)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential consumer loans (4) |  | $ | 12,752,258 |  | Senior credit spread to TBA price (3) |  | $ | 0.94 |  | - | $ | 1.81 |  |  |  | $ | 1.06 |  |
|  |  |  | Senior credit spread to Swap rate (3) |  | 130 |  | - | 300 |  | bps |  | 186 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Subordinate credit spread to Swap rate |  | 170 |  | - | 625 |  | bps |  | 268 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Senior credit support (3) |  | 7 |  | - | 7 |  | % |  | 7 |  | %
|  |  |  | IO discount rate (3) |  | 7 |  | - | 22 |  | % |  | 19 |  | %
|  |  |  | Liability price |  | $ | 27 |  | - | $ | 103 |  |  |  | $ | 96 |  |
Residential investor loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential investor term loans (4) |  | 2,559,176 |  |  | Whole loan spread (3) |  | 245 |  | - | 245 |  | bps |  | 245 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Liability price |  | $ | 90 |  | - | $ | 100 |  |  |  | $ | 94 |  |
Residential investor bridge loans (4) |  | 1,880,658 |  |  | Whole loan discount rate |  | 7 |  | - | 13 |  | % |  | 8 |  | %
|  |  |  | Whole loan spread |  | 445 |  | - | 445 |  | bps |  | 445 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Liability Price |  | $ | 101 |  | - | $ | 134 |  |  |  | $ | 102 |  |
|  |  |  | Dollar price of non-performing loans |  | $ | 38 |  | - | $ | 100 |  |  |  | $ | 80 |  |
Consolidated agency multifamily loans(6) |  | 423,673 |  | Liability price |  | $ | 99 |  | - | $ | 99 |  |  |  | $ | 99 |  |
HEI |  | 600,386 |  | Discount rate |  | 10 |  | - | 10 |  | % |  | 10 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (Annual CPR) |  | 1 |  | - | 20 |  | % |  | 14 |  | %
|  |  |  | Home price appreciation (depreciation) |  | 4 |  | - | 4 |  | % |  | 4 |  | %
|  |  |  | Liability price (4) |  | $ | 142 |  | - | $ | 199 |  |  |  | $ | 160 |  |
Real estate securities - trading and AFS securities |  | 375,965 |  | Discount rate |  | 5 |  | - | 40 |  | % |  | 13 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (Annual CPR) |  | — |  | - | 50 |  | % |  | 10 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | — |  | - | 8 |  | % |  | — |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | 25 |  | - | 50 |  | % |  | 24 |  | %
Servicing investments |  | 298,290 |  | Prepayment rate (Annual CPR) |  | 2 |  | - | 50 |  | % |  | 13 |  | %
|  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 8 |  | - | 19 |  | % |  | 13 |  | %
Derivative assets, net (7) |  | 16,807 |  | Senior credit spread to TBA price (3) |  | $ | 0.94 |  | - | $ | 1.81 |  |  |  | $ | 1.06 |  |
|  |  |  | Senior credit spread to Swap rate (3) |  | 130 |  | - | 300 |  | bps |  | 186 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Subordinate credit spread to Swap rate |  | 170 |  | - | 625 |  | bps |  | 268 |  | bps
|  |  |  | Senior credit support (3) |  | 7 |  | - | 7 |  | % |  | 7 |  | %
|  |  |  | IO discount rate (3) |  | 7 |  | - | 22 |  | % |  | 19 |  | %
|  |  |  | Pull-through rate |  | 1 |  | - | 100 |  | % |  | 58 |  | %
Strategic investments |  | 3,460 |  | Transaction Price |  | $ | 200 |  | - | $ | 1,000 |  |  |  | $ | 494 |  |
Total Assets |  | $ | 18,910,673 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2025 |  | Fair Value (1) |  |  |  | Input Values
(Dollars in Thousands, except Input Values) |  |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  |  | Weighted Average (2)
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ABS issued (4) |  | $ | 14,127,674 |  | Discount rate |  | 4 |  | - | 18 |  | % |  | 6 |  | %
|  |  |  | Prepayment rate (annual CPR) |  | — |  | - | 57 |  | % |  | 5 |  | %
|  |  |  | Default rate |  | — |  | - | 13 |  | % |  | — |  | %
|  |  |  | Loss severity |  | — |  | - | 50 |  | % |  | 3 |  | %
Non-controlling interests (8) |  | 106,160 |  | Discount rate |  | 13 |  | - | 20 |  | % |  | 16 |  | %
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 14,233,834 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1)The predominant valuation technique used to determine our Level 3 fair value assets and liabilities is based on the discounted cash flow model. (2)The weighted average input values for all loan types are based on unpaid principal balance. The weighted average input values for all other assets and liabilities are based on relative fair value. (3)Values represent pricing inputs used in a securitization pricing model. Credit spreads represent spreads to applicable swap rates unless specified otherwise. (4)The fair value of the loans and HEI held by consolidated entities is based on the fair value of the ABS issued by these entities and the securities and other investments we own in those entities, which we determined were more readily observable in accordance with accounting guidance for Collateralized Financing Entities ("CFE"). At March 31, 2025, the fair value of securities we owned at the consolidated Sequoia, CAFL Term, Freddie Mac SLST, and Freddie Mac K-Series was $533 million, $327 million, $264 million and $36 million, respectively. At March 31, 2025, the fair value of our securities in the two CAFL Bridge loan securitizations accounted for under the CFE election and our HEI securitization entities was $29 million and $50 million, respectively. (5)Represents the estimated average duration of outstanding servicer advances at a given point in time (not taking into account new advances made with respect to the pool). (6)Consolidated agency multifamily loans represent securitized financial assets and liabilities of the Company's CFEs. (7)For the purpose of this presentation, derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of loan purchase commitments, are presented on a net basis. (8)Of the total $130 million payable to non-controlling interests, $106 million is measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Schedule of Carrying Values and Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities | The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Table 6.4 – Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
|  |  |  | March 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
|  | Level in Fair Value Hierarchy |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 1 |  | $ | 259,918 |  |  | $ | 259,918 |  |  | $ | 245,165 |  |  | $ | 245,165 |
Restricted cash |  | 1 |  | 86,557 |  |  | 86,557 |  |  | 67,762 |  |  | 67,762 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt obligation facilities and other financing |  | 2 |  | $ | 3,028,525 |  |  | $ | 3,029,522 |  |  | $ | 2,818,292 |  |  | $ | 2,819,393 |
ABS issued, net |  | 3 |  | 330,569 |  |  | 332,661 |  |  | 390,674 |  |  | 392,344 |
Convertible notes, net |  | 1 |  | 366,374 |  |  | 368,369 |  |  | 365,739 |  |  | 365,455 |
Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes, net |  | 3 |  | 138,871 |  |  | 89,280 |  |  | 138,860 |  |  | 93,465 |
Senior Notes |  | 1 |  | 226,915 |  |  | 233,134 |  |  | 139,989 |  |  | 146,716 |
Guarantee obligations (1) |  | 3 |  | 2,447 |  |  | 2,836 |  |  | 2,806 |  |  | 3,204 |
(1)These liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the fair value measurement of assets using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances, separately presenting changes during the period attributable to the following: (1) total gains or losses for the period (realized and unrealized), segregating those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) and gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), and a description of where those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) are reported in the statement of income (or activities); (2) purchases, sales, issues, and settlements (each type disclosed separately); and (3) transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 (for example, transfers due to changes in the observability of significant inputs), by class of asset. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 101 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-101 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of assets and liabilities, including [financial] instruments measured at fair value that are classified in stockholders' equity, if any, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The disclosures contemplated herein include the fair value measurements at the reporting date by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall, segregating fair value measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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