<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-25-019828.txt : 20250303
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-25-019828.hdr.sgml : 20250303
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250303164145
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-25-019828
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3ASR
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		27
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250303
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250303
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20250303

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			REDWOOD TRUST INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000930236
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS [6798]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	05 Real Estate & Construction
		IRS NUMBER:				680329422
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			MD
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3ASR
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-285506
		FILM NUMBER:		25698733

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE BELVEDERE PLACE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 300
		CITY:			MILL VALLEY
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94941
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(415) 380-2317

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE BELVEDERE PLACE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 300
		CITY:			MILL VALLEY
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94941
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3ASR
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>tm257741d1_s3asr.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM S-3ASR
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: red; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>As filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2025</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">Registration No.&nbsp;333-</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES<BR>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<BR>
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM S-3<BR>
REGISTRATION STATEMENT<BR>
UNDER<BR>
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Redwood Trust, Inc. </B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Maryland</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>68-0329422</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State
    or other jurisdiction of<BR>
    incorporation or organization)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S.&nbsp;Employer<BR>
    Identification Number)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">One Belvedere Place, Suite 300<BR>
Mill Valley, CA 94941<BR>
(415) 389-7373<BR>
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,<BR>
including area code, of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive offices)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Christopher
    J. Abate<BR>
    Chief Executive Officer<BR>
    Redwood Trust, Inc.<BR>
    One Belvedere Place, Suite 300<BR>
    Mill Valley, CA 94941<BR>
    (415) 389-7373</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Copies
    to:<BR>
    </I></FONT>Julian T.H. Kleindorfer, Esq.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Lewis W. Kneib, Esq.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">J. Ross McAloon, Esq.<BR>
    Latham &amp; Watkins LLP<BR>
    355 South Grand Avenue</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Los Angeles, California 90071-1560</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(213) 485-1234</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number,<BR>
including area code, of agent for service)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:</B></FONT> From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If the only securities being
registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If any of the securities
being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933,
other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#120;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If this Form is filed to
register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list
the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If this Form is a post-effective
amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement
number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If this Form is a registration
statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the
Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#120;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If this Form is a post-effective
amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional
classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Indicate by check mark whether
the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging
growth company. See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer&rdquo;, &ldquo;smaller reporting
company&rdquo; and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -1in; padding-left: 1.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Large
    accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 22%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#120;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Accelerated
    filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 22%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#168;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -1in; padding-left: 1.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Non-accelerated
    filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#168;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Smaller
    reporting company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#168;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: -1in; padding-left: 1.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Emerging growth company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#168;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">If an emerging growth company,
indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised
financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. &#9744;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="tm257741d1_s3asrimg001.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 77px; width: 211px"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Redwood Trust, Inc.<BR>
Debt Securities<BR>
Common Stock<BR>
Preferred Stock<BR>
Warrants<BR>
Stockholder Rights<BR>
Units</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We may from time to time
offer, in one or more classes or series, separately or together, and in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more
supplements to this prospectus, the following securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">debt
                                            securities, which may consist of debentures, notes, or other types of debt;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">shares
                                            of our common stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">shares
                                            of our preferred stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">warrants
                                            to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">rights
                                            issuable to our stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock, to
                                            purchase warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or to purchase
                                            units consisting of two or more of the foregoing; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">units
                                            consisting of two or more of the foregoing.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We refer to the debt securities,
common stock, preferred stock, warrants, rights and units registered hereunder collectively as the &ldquo;securities&rdquo; in this prospectus.
The specific terms of each series or class of the securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and will include,
among other things, where applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in
                                            the case of debt securities, the specific title, aggregate principal amount, currency, form
                                            (which may be certificated or global), authorized denominations, maturity, rate (or manner
                                            of calculating the rate) and time of payment of interest, terms for redemption at our option
                                            or repayment at the holder&rsquo;s option, terms for sinking payments, terms for conversion
                                            into shares of our common stock or preferred stock, covenants, and any initial public offering
                                            price;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in
                                            the case of preferred stock, the specific designation, preferences, conversion and other
                                            rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to transferability, dividends and other
                                            distributions, and terms and conditions of redemption and any initial public offering price;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in
                                            the case of warrants or rights, the duration, offering price, exercise price, and detachability;
                                            and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in
                                            the case of units, the constituent securities comprising the units, the offering price, and
                                            detachability.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">In addition, the specific
terms may include limitations on actual or constructive ownership and restrictions on transfer of the securities, in each case as may
be appropriate, to preserve the status of our company as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes.
The applicable prospectus supplement will also contain information, where applicable, about certain U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax consequences
relating to, and any listing on a securities exchange of, the securities covered by such prospectus supplement. You should read this
prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in any of our securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The securities may be offered
directly by us, through agents designated from time to time by us or to or through underwriters or dealers. If any agents, dealers, or
underwriters are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission, or discount
arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus
supplement. See the sections&nbsp;of this prospectus entitled &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; and &ldquo;About This Prospectus&rdquo;
for more information. No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing
the method and terms of the offering of such series of securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
common stock currently trades on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol &ldquo;RWT&rdquo;. On February 28, 2025, the
last reported sale price of our common stock was $6.68</FONT> per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investing
in our securities involves risks. See &ldquo;</FONT>Risk Factors<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&rdquo; beginning on page 2 of this prospectus
and any similar section&nbsp;contained in the applicable prospectus supplement concerning factors you should consider before investing
in our securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">This prospectus may not
be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><B>Neither the Securities
and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy
or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The date of this prospectus is March 3, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><B>Page</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_001">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_001">1</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_003">RISK FACTORS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_003">2</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_004">CAUTIONARY STATEMENT</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_004">3</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_005">REDWOOD TRUST, INC.</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_005">4</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_006">USE OF PROCEEDS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_006">5</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_007">GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_007">6</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_008">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_008">7</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_009">DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_009">15</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_010">DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_010">16</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_011">DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WARRANTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_011">17</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_012">DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON OR PREFERRED STOCK</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_012">18</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_013">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_013">19</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_014">GLOBAL SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_014">20</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_015">RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_015">23</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_016">CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_016">25</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_023">MATERIAL U.S.&nbsp;FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_023">28</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_017">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_017">56</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_018">VALIDITY OF THE SECURITIES</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_018">57</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_019">EXPERTS</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_019">57</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_020">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_020">57</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><A HREF="#har_021">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><A HREF="#har_021">58</A></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>You should rely only on
the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. We have not authorized
anyone else to provide you with different or additional information. We are offering to sell the securities and seeking offers to buy
the securities only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We have not authorized
any dealer or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference
in this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained
or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying supplement to this prospectus. This prospectus and any accompanying
supplement to this prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the
registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus constitute an offer
to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer
or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying supplement
to this prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have
incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus
and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus is delivered or securities are sold on a later date.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_001"></A>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus is part of
a registration statement that we filed with the U.S.&nbsp;Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, as a &ldquo;well-known seasoned
issuer&rdquo; as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, using a &ldquo;shelf&rdquo;
registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings.
This prospectus sets forth certain terms of the securities that we may offer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each time we offer securities,
we will attach a prospectus supplement to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will contain the specific description of the terms
of the offering. The prospectus supplement will supersede this prospectus to the extent it contains information that is different from,
or that conflicts with, the information contained in this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">It is important for you to
read and consider all information contained in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including the information incorporated
by reference herein and therein, in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information contained in the
documents identified under the heading &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; in this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated
or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;us,&rdquo; &ldquo;our&rdquo;
or &ldquo;Redwood&rdquo; mean Redwood Trust, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the terms mean
Redwood Trust, Inc. only. In statements regarding qualification as a REIT, such terms refer solely to Redwood Trust, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our principal executive offices
are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941; our telephone number is (415) 389-7373.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none"><A NAME="har_003"></A>RISK
FACTORS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You should carefully
consider any specific risks set forth under the caption &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in the applicable prospectus supplement and under
the caption &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, incorporated into this prospectus by
reference, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. You
should consider carefully those risk factors together with all of the other information included and incorporated by reference in
this prospectus before you decide to purchase our securities. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or
part of your investment in the offered securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_004"></A>CAUTIONARY
STATEMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus and the
documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities
Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may
differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking
statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words
such as &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;seek,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan&rdquo; and similar expressions or their negative forms,
or by references to strategy, plans, opportunities, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and
uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement under
the caption &ldquo;Risk Factors.&rdquo; Other risks, uncertainties, and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially
from those projected are summarized below and described from time to time in reports we file with the SEC, including under the
heading &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and
current reports on Form 8-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of
new information, future events, or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Important factors, among
others, that may affect our actual results include: general economic trends and the performance of the housing, real estate,
mortgage finance, and broader financial markets; changing benchmark interest rates, and the Federal Reserve&rsquo;s actions and
statements regarding monetary policy; federal, state, and local legislative and regulatory developments and the actions of
governmental authorities and entities; the impact of public health issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to compete
successfully; our ability to adapt our business model and strategies to changing circumstances; our use of financial leverage and
strategic business and capital deployment decisions we make; our exposure to a breach of our cybersecurity or data security; our
exposure to credit risk and the timing of credit losses within our portfolio; the concentration of the credit risks we are exposed
to, including due to the structure of assets we hold and the geographical concentration of real estate underlying assets we own, and
our exposure to environmental and climate-related risks; the efficacy and expense efforts to manage or hedge credit or interest rate
risk, and other financial and operational risks; changes in credit ratings on assets we own and changes in the rating
agencies&rsquo; credit rating methodologies; changes in interest rates or mortgage prepayment rates; investment and reinvestment
risk; asset performance, interest rate volatility, changes in credit spreads, and changes in liquidity in the market for real estate
securities and loans; our ability to finance the acquisition of real estate-related assets with short-term debt; the ability of
counterparties to satisfy their obligations to us; entering into new lines of business, acquiring other companies, or engaging in
other new strategic initiatives; changes in the demand from investors for residential consumer and residential investor mortgages
and investments, and our ability to distribute residential consumer and residential investor mortgages through our whole-loan
distribution channels; our involvement in loan and HEI origination and securitization transactions, the profitability of those
transactions, and the risks we are exposed to in engaging in loan origination or securitization transactions; foreclosure activity,
which may expose us to risks associated with real estate ownership and operation; exposure to claims and litigation, including
litigation arising from loan or HEI origination and securitization transactions; acquisitions or new business initiatives, which may
fail to improve our business and could expose us to new or increased risks; whether we have sufficient liquid assets to meet
short-term needs; changes in our investment, financing, and hedging strategies and new risks we may be exposed to if we expand or
reorganize; our ability to successfully retain or attract key personnel; our dependency on third-party information systems and
third-party service providers; our exposure to a disruption of our or a third party's technology infrastructure and systems; the
impact on our reputation that could result from our actions or omissions or from those of others; our failure to maintain
appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures; the effectiveness of our risk
management efforts; harm caused by misconduct or fraud; inadvertent errors, system failures or cybersecurity incidents, which could
disrupt our business; the impact on our reputation that could result from our actions or omissions or from those of others; complex
accounting rules related to certain of our transactions and asset valuations; the uncertainty of future realization of our deferred
tax assets, and the amount of valuation allowance we may apply against our deferred tax assets may change materially in
future periods; the impact of changes to U.S. federal income tax laws on the U.S. housing market, mortgage finance markets, and our
business; our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including our ability to obtain or maintain governmental
licenses; our ability to maintain our status as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; limitations imposed on our business due
to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940; our stock may experience
price declines, volatility, and poor liquidity, and we may reduce our dividends; decisions about raising, managing, and distributing
capital; dividend distributions and the timing and character of such dividends; limited number of institutional
shareholders owning a significant percentage of our common stock; and other factors not yet identified, including broad market
fluctuations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_005"></A>REDWOOD
TRUST, INC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Redwood Trust, Inc.,
together with its subsidiaries, is a specialty finance company focused on several distinct areas of housing credit with a mission to
help make quality housing, whether rented or owned, accessible to all American households. Our operating platforms occupy a unique
position in the housing finance value chain, providing liquidity to growing segments of the U.S. housing market not well served by
government programs. We deliver customized housing credit investments to a diverse mix of investors, through our best-in-class
securitization platforms, whole-loan distribution activities and our publicly-traded securities. Our aggregation, origination and
investment activities have evolved to incorporate a diverse mix of residential consumer and residential investor housing credit
assets. Our goal is to provide attractive returns to stockholders through a stable and growing stream of earnings and dividends,
capital appreciation, and a commitment to technological innovation that facilitates risk-minded scale. We operate our business in
three segments: Residential Consumer Mortgage Banking, Residential Investor Mortgage Banking, and Investment Portfolio.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our primary sources of income
are net interest income from our investments and non-interest income from our mortgage banking activities. Net interest income primarily
consists of the interest income we earn on investments less the interest expense we incur on borrowed funds and other liabilities. Income
from mortgage banking activities is generated through the origination and acquisition of loans, and their subsequent sale, securitization,
or transfer to our investment portfolios.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Redwood Trust, Inc. has
elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code,
beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1994. We generally refer, collectively, to Redwood Trust, Inc. and those of its
subsidiaries that are generally not subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as &ldquo;the REIT&rdquo; or &ldquo;our
REIT.&rdquo; We generally refer to subsidiaries of Redwood Trust, Inc. that are subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as
 &ldquo;our taxable REIT subsidiaries&rdquo; or &ldquo;TRSs.&rdquo; Our mortgage banking activities and investments in mortgage
servicing rights, or &ldquo;MSRs,&rdquo; are generally carried out through our taxable REIT subsidiaries, while our portfolio of
mortgage- and other real estate-related investments is primarily held at our REIT. We generally intend to retain profits generated
and taxed at our taxable REIT subsidiaries, and to distribute as dividends at least 90% of the taxable income we generate at our
REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We were incorporated in the
State of Maryland on April&nbsp;11, 1994 and commenced operations on August&nbsp;19, 1994. We operate so as to qualify as a REIT for
U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes. Our principal executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California
94941. Our telephone number is (415) 389-7373. Our website is www.redwoodtrust.com. Information contained in or that can be accessed
through our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_006"></A>USE
OF PROCEEDS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise specified
in the applicable prospectus supplement for any offering of securities, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities
to fund our business and investment activity, which may include funding our residential and business purpose lending mortgage banking
businesses, acquiring mortgage-backed securities for our investment portfolio, funding other long-term portfolio investments, funding
strategic acquisitions and investments, as well as for general corporate purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_007"></A>GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following is a brief
description of the material terms of our securities that may be offered under this prospectus. This description does not purport to be
complete and is subject in all respects to applicable Maryland law and to the provisions of our charter and bylaws, including any amendments
or supplements thereto, copies of which are on file with the SEC as described under &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo;
and are incorporated by reference herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We, directly or through agents,
dealers, or underwriters designated from time to time, may offer, issue, and sell, together or separately:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">debt
                                            securities, which may consist of debentures, notes, or other types of debt;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">shares
                                            of our common stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">shares
                                            of our preferred stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">warrants
                                            to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">rights
                                            issuable to our stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock, to
                                            purchase warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or to purchase
                                            units consisting of two or more of the foregoing; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">units
                                            consisting of two or more of the foregoing.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue the debt securities
as exchangeable for or convertible into shares of common stock, preferred stock, or other securities. The preferred stock may also be
exchangeable for and/or convertible into shares of common stock, another series of preferred stock, or other securities. The debt securities,
the preferred stock, the common stock, the warrants, the rights, and the units are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the
securities. When a particular series of securities is offered, a supplement to this prospectus will be delivered with this prospectus,
which will set forth the terms of the offering and sale of the offered securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our charter provides
that we have authority to issue up to 395,000,000 shares of stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which currently 392,010,000 shares
are classified as common stock and 2,990,000 shares are classified as 10.00% Series A Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, or the &ldquo;Series A Preferred Stock&rdquo;. Our common stock, Series A Preferred
Stock, 9.125% Senior Notes due 2029, 9.0% Senior Notes due 2029 and 9.125% Senior Notes due 2030 are listed on the NYSE, and we
intend to so list any additional shares of our common stock which are issued and sold hereunder. We may elect to list any future
class or series of our securities issued hereunder on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. Under Maryland law, our
stockholders generally are not liable for our debts or obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_008"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF DEBT SECURITIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following description,
together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, summarizes certain
general terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. When we offer to sell a particular series
of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to this prospectus. We will also indicate in the
supplement to what extent the general terms and provisions described in this prospectus apply to a particular series of debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue debt securities
either separately, or together with, or upon the conversion or exercise of or in exchange for, other securities described in this prospectus.
Debt securities may be our senior, senior subordinated or subordinated obligations and, unless otherwise specified in a supplement to
this prospectus, the debt securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations and may be issued in one or more series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The debt securities will
be issued under an indenture between us and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. We have summarized select portions of
the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement
and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you. Capitalized terms used in the summary and not defined
herein have the meanings specified in the indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As used in this section&nbsp;only,
 &ldquo;Redwood,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;our&rdquo; or &ldquo;us&rdquo; refer to Redwood Trust, Inc., excluding our subsidiaries,
unless expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">General</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The terms of each series
of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner
provided in a resolution of our board of directors, in an officer&rsquo;s certificate or by a supplemental indenture. The particular
terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series (including any pricing supplement
or term sheet).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We can issue an unlimited
amount of debt securities under the indenture that may be in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium,
or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement (including any pricing supplement or term sheet) relating to any series
of debt securities being offered, the aggregate principal amount and the following terms of the debt securities, if applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            title and ranking of the debt securities (including the terms of any subordination provisions);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) at which we will sell
                                            the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            date or dates on which the principal of the securities of the series is payable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine
                                            the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial
                                            index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest
                                            will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will commence and be payable and any regular
                                            record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            place or places where principal of, and interest, if any, on the debt securities will be
                                            payable (and the method of such payment);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions
                                            upon which we may redeem the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            obligation we have to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund
                                            or analogous provisions or at the option of a holder of debt securities and the period or
                                            periods within which, the price or prices at which and in the terms and conditions upon which
                                            securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to
                                            such obligation;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase debt securities at the
                                            option of the holders of debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these
                                            repurchase obligations;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of
                                            $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether
                                            the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global
                                            debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration
                                            of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            currency of denomination of the debt securities, which may be United States Dollars or any
                                            foreign currency, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency, the agency
                                            or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of,
                                            premium and interest on the debt securities will be made;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if
                                            payments of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be made in one
                                            or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities
                                            are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will
                                            be determined;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the
                                            debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an
                                            index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index,
                                            stock exchange index or financial index;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default described in this prospectus
                                            or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration
                                            provisions described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants described in this prospectus or in the
                                            indenture with respect to the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other
                                            agents with respect to the debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of such series,
                                            including if applicable, the conversion or exchange price and period, provisions as to whether
                                            conversion or exchange will be mandatory, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion
                                            or exchange price and provisions affecting conversion or exchange;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            other terms of the debt securities, which may supplement, modify or delete any provision
                                            of the indenture as it applies to that series, including any terms that may be required under
                                            applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the securities;
                                            and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether
                                            any of our direct or indirect subsidiaries will guarantee the debt securities of that series,
                                            including the terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue debt securities
that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity
pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax considerations and other
special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we denominate the purchase
price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and
any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or
units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information
with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable
prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Transfer and Exchange</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each debt security will be
represented by either one or more global securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company, or the Depositary, or a nominee
of the Depositary (we will refer to any debt security represented by a global debt security as a &ldquo;book-entry debt security&rdquo;),
or a certificate issued in definitive registered form (we will refer to any debt security represented by a certificated security as a
 &ldquo;certificated debt security&rdquo;) as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as set forth under the heading
 &ldquo;Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System&rdquo; below, book-entry debt securities will not be issuable in certificated form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Certificated
Debt Securities</I></FONT>. You may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at any office we maintain for this purpose in accordance
with the terms of the indenture. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we
may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You may effect the transfer
of certificated debt securities and the right to receive the principal of, premium and interest on certificated debt securities only
by surrendering the certificate representing those certificated debt securities and either reissuance by us or the trustee of the certificate
to the new holder or the issuance by us or the trustee of a new certificate to the new holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Global
Debt Securities and Book-Entry System</I></FONT>. Each global debt security representing book-entry debt securities will be deposited
with, or on behalf of, the Depositary, and registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary. Please see &ldquo;Global
Securities.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Covenants</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement any restrictive covenants applicable to any issue of debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">No Protection in the Event
of a Change of Control</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless we state otherwise
in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt securities
protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction
results in a change in control) which could adversely affect holders of debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Consolidation, Merger
and Sale of Assets</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may not consolidate with
or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to any person (a &ldquo;successor
person&rdquo;) unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we
                                            are the surviving entity or the successor person (if other than Redwood) is a corporation,
                                            partnership, trust or other entity organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S.&nbsp;domestic
                                            jurisdiction and expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture;
                                            and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">immediately
                                            after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred
                                            and be continuing.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the above,
any of our subsidiaries may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Events of Default</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Event of Default&rdquo;
means with respect to any series of debt securities, any of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">default
                                            in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due
                                            and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount
                                            of the payment is deposited by us with the trustee or with a paying agent prior to the expiration
                                            of the 30-day period);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">default
                                            in the payment of principal of any security of that series at its maturity;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">default
                                            in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, within 30 days when and as due in respect of
                                            any security of that series;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">default
                                            in the performance or breach of any other covenant or warranty by us in the indenture (other
                                            than a covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture solely for the benefit
                                            of a series of debt securities other than that series), which default continues uncured for
                                            a period of 90 days after we receive written notice from the trustee or Redwood and the trustee
                                            receive written notice from the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding
                                            debt securities of that series as provided in the indenture;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">certain
                                            voluntary or involuntary events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of Redwood;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            other Event of Default provided with respect to debt securities of that series that is described
                                            in the applicable prospectus supplement.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No Event of Default with
respect to a particular series of debt securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily
constitutes an Event of Default with respect to any other series of debt securities. The occurrence of certain Events of Default or an
acceleration under the indenture may constitute an event of default under certain indebtedness of ours or our subsidiaries outstanding
from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will provide the trustee
written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default,
which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action we are taking or propose
to take in respect thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If an Event of Default with
respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of at least
25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by a notice in writing to us (and to the trustee if given
by the holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the principal of (or, if the debt securities of that series are discount securities,
that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all
debt securities of that series. In the case of an Event of Default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization,
the principal (or such specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding debt securities will become and
be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder of outstanding debt securities.
At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to debt securities of any series has been made, but before a judgment or
decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
debt securities of that series may rescind and annul the acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the non-payment of accelerated
principal and interest, if any, with respect to debt securities of that series, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture.
We refer you to the prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities that are discount securities for the particular provisions
relating to acceleration of a portion of the principal amount of such discount securities upon the occurrence of an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The indenture provides that
the trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture unless the trustee receives indemnity
satisfactory to it against any cost, liability or expense which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right
or power. Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities
of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee
or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No holder of any debt security
of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture or for the appointment
of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that
                                            holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default
                                            with respect to debt securities of that series; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series
                                            have made written request, and offered indemnity or security satisfactory to the trustee,
                                            to the trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee, and the trustee has not received from
                                            the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities
                                            of that series a direction inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the
                                            proceeding within 60 days.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding any other
provision in the indenture, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal
of, premium and any interest on that debt security on or after the due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit for
the enforcement of payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The indenture requires us,
within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a statement as to compliance with the indenture. If a Default
or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the securities of any series and if it is known to a responsible officer
of the trustee, the trustee shall send to each Securityholder of the securities of that series notice of a Default or Event of Default
within 90 days after the trustee becomes aware or, if later, after a responsible officer of the trustee has knowledge of such Default
or Event of Default. The indenture provides that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any series of any
Default or Event of Default (except in payment on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt securities of that series
if the trustee determines in good faith that withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Modification and Waiver</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We and the trustee may modify,
amend or supplement the indenture or the debt securities of any series without the consent of any holder of any debt security:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            comply with covenants in the indenture described above under the heading &ldquo;Consolidation,
                                            Merger and Sale of Assets&rdquo;;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            provide for uncertificated securities in addition to or in place of certificated securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            add guarantees with respect to debt securities of any series or secure debt securities of
                                            any series;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of debt securities of any
                                            series;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of debt securities
                                            of any series as permitted by the indenture;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            effect the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the debt securities of any
                                            series and to add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture to provide for or facilitate
                                            administration by more than one trustee; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">to
                                            comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the
                                            indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may also modify and amend
the indenture with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series
affected by the modifications or amendments. We may not make any modification or amendment without the consent of the holders of each
affected debt security then outstanding if that amendment will:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reduce
                                            the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reduce
                                            the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any
                                            debt security;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reduce
                                            the principal of or premium on or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or reduce
                                            the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous
                                            obligation with respect to any series of debt securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">reduce
                                            the principal amount of discount securities payable upon acceleration of maturity;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">waive
                                            a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any debt security (except
                                            a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the holders of at least
                                            a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of that
                                            series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">make
                                            the principal of or premium or interest on any debt security payable in currency other than
                                            that stated in the debt security;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">make
                                            any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating to, among other things, the right
                                            of holders of debt securities to receive payment of the principal of, premium and interest
                                            on those debt securities and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and
                                            to waivers or amendments; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">waive
                                            a redemption payment with respect to any debt security.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except for certain specified
provisions, the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of
the holders of all debt securities of that series waive our compliance with provisions of the indenture. The holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all the debt securities of such series
waive any past default under the indenture with respect to that series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal
of, premium or any interest on any debt security of that series; provided, however, that the holders of a majority in principal amount
of the outstanding debt securities of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default
that resulted from the acceleration.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Defeasance of Debt Securities
and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Legal
Defeasance</I></FONT>. The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities,
we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (subject to certain exceptions). We
will be so discharged upon the irrevocable deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S.&nbsp;government obligations or, in
the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S.&nbsp;Dollars, government obligations of the government that
issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will
provide money or U.S.&nbsp;government obligations in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking
fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms
of the indenture and those debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This discharge may occur
only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has
been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been
a change in the applicable U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall
confirm that, the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S.&nbsp;federal income
tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax on the same amounts
and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Defeasance
of Certain Covenants</I></FONT>. The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt
securities, upon compliance with certain conditions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we
                                            may omit to comply with the covenant described under the heading &ldquo;Consolidation, Merger
                                            and Sale of Assets&rdquo; and certain other covenants set forth in the indenture, as well
                                            as any additional covenants which may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement;
                                            and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            omission to comply with those covenants will not constitute a Default or an Event of Default
                                            with respect to the debt securities of that series (&ldquo;covenant defeasance&rdquo;).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The conditions include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">depositing
                                            with the trustee money and/or U.S.&nbsp;government obligations or, in the case of debt securities
                                            denominated in a single currency other than U.S.&nbsp;Dollars, government obligations of
                                            the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment
                                            of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount
                                            sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
                                            or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal of, premium and interest
                                            on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series
                                            on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and
                                            those debt securities; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">delivering
                                            to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities
                                            of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes
                                            as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal
                                            income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have
                                            been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">No Personal Liability
of Directors, Officers, Employees or Securityholders</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None of our past, present
or future directors, officers, employees or securityholders, as such, will have any liability for any of our obligations under the debt
securities or the indenture or for any claim based on, or in respect or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting
a debt security, each holder waives and releases all such liability. This waiver and release is part of the consideration for the issue
of the debt securities. However, this waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under U.S.&nbsp;federal securities
laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Governing Law</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The indenture and the debt
securities, including any claim or controversy arising out of or relating to the indenture or the securities, will be governed by, and
construed under, the laws of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The indenture will provide
that we, the trustee and the holders of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably waive, to the fullest
extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to the indenture,
the debt securities or the transactions contemplated thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The indenture will provide
that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon the indenture or the transactions contemplated thereby may be
instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York
in each case located in the City of New York, and we, the trustee and the holder of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt
securities) irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. The indenture
will further provide that service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute
or rule of court) to such party&rsquo;s address set forth in the indenture will be effective service of process for any suit, action
or other proceeding brought in any such court. The indenture will further provide that we, the trustee and the holders of the debt securities
(by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit,
action or other proceeding in the courts specified above and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any
such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_009"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF COMMON STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All shares of common stock
offered by this prospectus will be duly authorized, fully paid, and nonassessable. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive
dividends if, as, and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of assets legally available for the payment of
dividends. They are also entitled to share ratably in our assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event
of our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, after payment of or adequate provision for all of our known debts and liabilities. These
rights are subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of our stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding
restrictions on transfer of our stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to our charter restrictions
on transfer of our stock, each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of
stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders
of our common stock will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means
that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and
the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of our common stock
have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption, or, if listed on the NYSE, appraisal rights and
have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. Subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, all shares
of common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation, and other rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Transfer Agent, Registrar,
and Dividend Disbursing Agent</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The transfer agent and registrar
for our common stock is currently Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and its affiliate, Computershare Inc., acts as dividend disbursing
agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Power to Reclassify Shares
of Our Stock; Issuance of Additional Shares</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our charter authorizes
our board of directors to classify and reclassify from time to time any unissued shares of our stock into other classes or series of
stock, including preferred stock, and to cause the issuance of such shares. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, the
board of directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set, subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our
stock, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other
distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series. We believe that the power to issue
additional shares of common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of common or preferred stock and
thereafter to issue the classified or reclassified shares provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future
financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. These actions can be taken without stockholder approval,
unless stockholder approval is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which
our securities may be listed or traded. Although we have no present intention of doing so, we could issue a class or series of stock
that could delay, defer, or prevent a transaction or a change in control of Redwood Trust that might involve a premium price for
holders of common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. We have no shares of preferred stock presently outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_010"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF PREFERRED STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our charter authorizes our
board of directors to classify from time to time any unissued shares of stock in one or more classes or series of preferred stock and
to reclassify any previously classified but unissued preferred stock of any class or series in one or more classes or series. If we offer
preferred stock pursuant to this prospectus in the future, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such preferred
stock, including the following, where applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            designation of the shares and the number of shares that constitute the class or series;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            dividend rate (or the method of calculating dividends), if any, on the shares of the class
                                            or series and the priority as to payment of dividends with respect to other classes or series
                                            of our shares of stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether
                                            dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends
                                            on the preferred stock will accumulate;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            dividend periods (or the method of calculating the dividend periods);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            voting rights of the preferred stock, if any;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            liquidation preference and the priority as to payment of the liquidation preference with
                                            respect to other classes or series of our stock and any other rights of the shares of the
                                            class or series upon our liquidation or winding-up;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            provision for a sinking fund, if any, for such preferred stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether
                                            or not and on what terms the shares of the class or series will be subject to redemption
                                            or repurchase at our option;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which such preferred stock will be converted into
                                            the common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">whether
                                            the shares of the class or series of preferred stock will be listed on a securities exchange
                                            or quoted on an inter-dealer quotation system;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer applicable to
                                            the preferred stock, in addition to those already set forth in our charter, that may be necessary
                                            to preserve our status as a REIT; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            other rights and privileges and any qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of the rights
                                            or privileges of the class or series.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Transfer Agent, Registrar,
and Dividend Disbursing Agent</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The transfer agent and registrar
for our preferred stock is currently Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and its affiliate, Computershare Inc., acts as dividend disbursing
agent. If different, we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement the transfer agent, registrar, and dividend disbursing agent
for any series of preferred stock offered by that prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_011"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES WARRANTS<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><SUP></SUP></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue securities warrants
for the purchase of common stock or preferred stock, respectively referred to as common stock warrants and preferred stock warrants.
Securities warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities offered by this prospectus and any accompanying
prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from such other securities. Each issuance of the securities warrants will be
issued under a separate securities warrant agreement to be entered into by us and a bank or trust company, as securities warrant agent,
all as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of offered securities warrants. Each issue of securities
warrants will be evidenced by securities warrant certificates. The securities warrant agent will act solely as an agent of ours in connection
with the securities warrant certificates and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holder
of securities warrant certificates or beneficial owners of securities warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we offer securities warrants
pursuant to this prospectus in the future, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such securities warrants,
including the following, where applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            offering price;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            aggregate number of shares purchasable upon exercise of such securities warrants, and in
                                            the case of securities warrants for preferred stock, the designation, aggregate number, and
                                            terms of the class or series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of such securities
                                            warrants;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            designation and terms of the securities with which such securities warrants are being offered,
                                            if any, and the number of such securities warrants being offered with each such security;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            date on and after which such securities warrants and any related securities will be transferable
                                            separately;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            number of shares of preferred stock or shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of
                                            each of such securities warrants and the price at which such number of shares of preferred
                                            stock or common stock may be purchased upon such exercise;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            date on which the right to exercise such securities warrants shall commence and the expiration
                                            date on which such right shall expire;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">U.S.&nbsp;federal
                                            income tax considerations; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            other material terms of such securities warrants.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of future securities
warrants, if any, will not be entitled by virtue of being such holders, to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice
with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter, or to exercise any rights whatsoever
as stockholders of Redwood Trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_012"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON OR PREFERRED STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue, as a dividend
at no cost, to holders of record of our securities or any class or series thereof on the applicable record date, rights to purchase shares
of our common stock or preferred stock, to purchase warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or to purchase
units consisting of two or more of the foregoing. In this prospectus, we refer to such rights as &ldquo;stockholder rights.&rdquo; If
stockholders rights are so issued to existing holders of securities, each stockholder right will entitle the registered holder thereof
to purchase the securities issuable upon exercise of the rights pursuant to the terms set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If stockholder rights are
issued, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such stockholder rights including the following where applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">record
                                            date;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">subscription
                                            price;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">subscription
                                            agent;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">aggregate
                                            number of shares of preferred stock, shares of common stock, warrants, or units purchasable
                                            upon exercise of such stockholder rights and in the case of stockholder rights for preferred
                                            stock or warrants exercisable for preferred stock, the designation, aggregate number, and
                                            terms of the class or series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of such stockholder
                                            rights or warrants;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            date on which the right to exercise such stockholder rights shall commence and the expiration
                                            date on which such right shall expire;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">U.S.&nbsp;federal
                                            income tax considerations; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">other
                                            material terms of such stockholder rights.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition to the terms
of the stockholder rights and the securities issuable upon exercise thereof, the prospectus supplement may describe, for a holder of
such stockholder rights who validly exercises all stockholder rights issued to such holder, how to subscribe for unsubscribed securities,
issuable pursuant to unexercised stockholder rights issued to other holders, to the extent such stockholder rights have not been exercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of stockholder rights
will not be entitled by virtue of being such holders to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice with respect to any
meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as stockholders of
Redwood Trust, except to the extent described in the related prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_013"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF UNITS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue units consisting
of two or more other constituent securities. These units may be issuable as, and for a specified period of time may be transferable only
as, a single security, rather than as the separate constituent securities comprising such units. The statements made in this section&nbsp;relating
to the units are summaries only. These summaries are not complete. When we issue units, we will provide the specific terms of the units
in a prospectus supplement. To the extent the information contained in the prospectus supplement differs from this summary description,
you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">When we issue units, we will
provide in a prospectus supplement the following terms of the units being issued:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            title of any series of units;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">identification
                                            and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            price or prices at which the units will be issued;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be
                                            separately transferable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">information
                                            with respect to any book-entry procedures;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            discussion of any material or special U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax consequences applicable
                                            to an investment in the units; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any
                                            other terms of the units and their constituent securities.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_014"></A>GLOBAL
SECURITIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Book-Entry, Delivery and
Form</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless we indicate differently
in a prospectus supplement, the securities (other than warrant securities) initially will be issued in book-entry form and represented
by one or more global notes or global securities, or, collectively, global securities. The global securities will be deposited with,
or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, as depositary, or DTC, and registered in the name of Cede &amp; Co.,
the nominee of DTC. Unless and until it is exchanged for individual certificates evidencing securities under the limited circumstances
described below, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to its nominee or by the nominee to the
depositary, or by the depositary or its nominee to a successor depositary or to a nominee of the successor depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">DTC has advised us that it
is:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            &ldquo;banking organization&rdquo; within the meaning of the New York Banking Law;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            member of the Federal Reserve System;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            &ldquo;clearing corporation&rdquo; within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial
                                            Code; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            &ldquo;clearing agency&rdquo; registered pursuant to the provisions of Section&nbsp;17A of
                                            the Exchange Act.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">DTC holds securities that
its participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the settlement among its participants of securities transactions, such as transfers
and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants&rsquo; accounts, thereby eliminating
the need for physical movement of securities certificates. &ldquo;Direct participants&rdquo; in DTC include securities brokers and dealers,
including underwriters, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The
Depository Trust &amp; Clearing Corporation, or DTCC. DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and
Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries.
Access to the DTC system is also available to others, which we sometimes refer to as indirect participants, that clear through or maintain
a custodial relationship with a direct participant, either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are
on file with the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Purchases of securities under
the DTC system must be made by or through direct participants, which will receive a credit for the securities on DTC&rsquo;s records.
The ownership interest of the actual purchaser of a security, which we sometimes refer to as a beneficial owner, is in turn recorded
on the direct and indirect participants&rsquo; records. Beneficial owners of securities will not receive written confirmation from DTC
of their purchases. However, beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing details of their transactions,
as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct or indirect participants through which they purchased securities. Transfers
of ownership interests in global securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial
owners. Beneficial owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in the global securities, except under
the limited circumstances described below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To facilitate subsequent
transfers, all global securities deposited by direct participants with DTC will be registered in the name of DTC&rsquo;s partnership
nominee, Cede &amp; Co., or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of securities with
DTC and their registration in the name of Cede &amp; Co. or such other nominee will not change the beneficial ownership of the securities.
DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the securities. DTC&rsquo;s records reflect only the identity of the direct participants
to whose accounts the securities are credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The participants are responsible for keeping
account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">So long as the securities
are in book-entry form, you will receive payments and may transfer securities only through the facilities of the depositary and its direct
and indirect participants. We will maintain an office or agency in the location specified in the prospectus supplement for the applicable
securities, where notices and demands in respect of the securities and the indenture may be delivered to us and where certificated securities
may be surrendered for payment, registration of transfer or exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Conveyance of notices and
other communications by DTC to direct participants, by direct participants to indirect participants and by direct participants and indirect
participants to beneficial owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any legal requirements in effect from time
to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Redemption notices will be
sent to DTC. If less than all of the securities of a particular series are being redeemed, DTC&rsquo;s practice is to determine by lot
the amount of the interest of each direct participant in the securities of such series to be redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Neither DTC nor Cede &amp;
Co. (or such other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to the securities. Under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an omnibus
proxy to us as soon as possible after the record date. The omnibus proxy assigns the consenting or voting rights of Cede &amp; Co. to
those direct participants to whose accounts the securities of such series are credited on the record date, identified in a listing attached
to the omnibus proxy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">So long as securities are
in book-entry form, we will make payments on those securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the registered owner of such securities,
by wire transfer of immediately available funds. If securities are issued in definitive certificated form under the limited circumstances
described below, we will have the option of making payments by check mailed to the addresses of the persons entitled to payment or by
wire transfer to bank accounts in the United States designated in writing to the applicable trustee or other designated party at least
15 days before the applicable payment date by the persons entitled to payment, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the applicable
trustee or other designated party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Redemption proceeds, distributions
and dividend payments on the securities will be made to Cede &amp; Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative
of DTC. DTC&rsquo;s practice is to credit direct participants&rsquo; accounts upon DTC&rsquo;s receipt of funds and corresponding detail
information from us on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC records. Payments by participants to
beneficial owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the account
of customers in bearer form or registered in &ldquo;street name.&rdquo; Those payments will be the responsibility of participants and
not of DTC or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions
and dividend payments to Cede &amp; Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC, is our responsibility,
disbursement of payments to direct participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of payments to the beneficial owners is
the responsibility of direct and indirect participants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except under the limited
circumstances described below, purchasers of securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names and will not
receive physical delivery of securities. Accordingly, each beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants to
exercise any rights under the securities and the indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The laws of some jurisdictions
may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. Those laws may impair the ability
to transfer or pledge beneficial interests in securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">DTC may discontinue providing
its services as securities depositary with respect to the securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us. Under such circumstances,
in the event that a successor depositary is not obtained, securities certificates are required to be printed and delivered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As noted above, beneficial
owners of a particular series of securities generally will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in those securities.
However, if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">DTC
                                            notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a depositary for the global security
                                            or securities representing such series of securities or if DTC ceases to be a clearing agency
                                            registered under the Exchange Act at a time when it is required to be registered and a successor
                                            depositary is not appointed within 90 days of the notification to us or of our becoming aware
                                            of DTC&rsquo;s ceasing to be so registered, as the case may be;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we
                                            determine, in our sole discretion, not to have such securities represented by one or more
                                            global securities; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">an
                                            Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to such series of securities
                                            and upon request of a holder,</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">we will prepare and deliver certificates for
such securities in exchange for beneficial interests in the global securities. Any beneficial interest in a global security that is exchangeable
under the circumstances described in the preceding sentence will be exchangeable for securities in definitive certificated form registered
in the names that the depositary directs. It is expected that these directions will be based upon directions received by the depositary
from its participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the global securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have obtained the information
in this section&nbsp;and elsewhere in this prospectus concerning DTC and DTC&rsquo;s book-entry system from sources that are believed
to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for the accuracy of this information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_015"></A>RESTRICTIONS
ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In order that we may meet
the requirements for qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes at all times, our charter prohibits any person from
acquiring or holding beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or collectively, capital stock, in excess
of 9.8%, in number of shares or value, of the outstanding shares of the related class of capital stock. For this purpose, the term &ldquo;beneficial
ownership&rdquo; means beneficial ownership of capital stock by a person, either directly or constructively, including through application
of the constructive ownership provisions of Section&nbsp;544 of the Code and related provisions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under the constructive ownership
rules of Section&nbsp;544 of the Code, a holder of a warrant generally will be treated as owning the number of shares of capital stock
into which such warrant may be converted. In addition, the constructive ownership rules generally attribute ownership of securities owned
by a corporation, partnership, estate, or trust proportionately to its stockholders, partners, or beneficiaries, respectively. The rules
may also attribute ownership of securities owned by family members to other members of the same family and may treat an option to purchase
securities as actual ownership of the underlying securities by the optionholder. The rules further provide when securities constructively
owned by a person will be considered to be actually owned for the further application of such attribution provisions. To determine whether
a person holds or would hold capital stock in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit, a person will be treated as owning not only shares
of capital stock actually owned, but also any shares of capital stock attributed to that person under the attribution rules described
above. Accordingly, a person who directly owns less than 9.8% of the shares outstanding may nevertheless be in violation of the 9.8%
ownership limit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any acquisition or transfer
of shares of capital stock or warrants that would cause us to be disqualified as a REIT, would create a direct or constructive ownership
of shares of capital stock in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit, would result in the shares of capital stock being beneficially owned,
within the meaning of Section&nbsp;856(a) of the Code, by fewer than 100 persons, determined without any reference to any rules of attribution,
or would result in our being closely held within the meaning of Section&nbsp;856(h) of the Code, will be null and void, and the intended
transferee will acquire no rights to those shares or warrants. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if
our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If any purported transfer
of shares of capital stock or warrants results in a purported transferee owning, directly or constructively, shares in excess of the
9.8% ownership limit due to the unenforceability of the transfer restrictions described above, the amount of shares causing the purported
transferee to violate the 9.8% ownership limit will constitute excess securities. Excess securities will be transferred by operation
of law to Redwood Trust as trustee for the exclusive benefit of the person or persons to whom the excess securities are ultimately transferred,
until such time as the purported transferee retransfers the excess securities. While the excess securities are held in trust, a holder
of such securities will not be entitled to vote or to share in any dividends or other distributions with respect to such securities and
will not be entitled to exercise or convert such securities into shares of capital stock. Excess securities may be transferred by the
purported transferee to any person (if such transfer would not result in excess securities) at a price not to exceed the price paid by
the purported transferee (or, if no consideration was paid by the purported transferee, the Market Price (as defined in our charter)
of the excess securities on the date of the purported transfer), at which point the excess securities will automatically be exchanged
for the stock or warrants, as the case may be, to which the excess securities are attributable. If a purported transferee receives a
higher price for designating an ultimate transferee, such purported transferee shall pay, or cause the ultimate transferee to pay, such
excess to us. In addition, such excess securities held in trust are subject to purchase by us at a purchase price equal to the lesser
of (a) the price per share or per warrant, as the case may be, in the transaction that created such excess securities (or, in the case
of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift), reduced by the amount of any distributions received in violation
of the charter that have not been repaid to us, and (b) the Market Price on the date we elect to purchase the excess securities, reduced
by the amount of any distributions received in violation of the charter that have not been repaid to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon a purported transfer
of excess securities, the purported transferee shall cease to be entitled to distributions, voting rights, and other benefits with respect
to the shares of capital stock or warrants except the right to payment of the purchase price for the shares of capital stock or warrants
on the retransfer of securities as provided above. Any dividend or distribution paid to a purported transferee on excess securities prior
to our discovery that shares of capital stock have been transferred in violation of our charter shall be repaid to us upon demand. If
these transfer restrictions are determined to be void, invalid, or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, then the purported
transferee of any excess securities may be deemed, at our option, to have acted as an agent on our behalf in acquiring the excess securities
and to hold the excess securities on our behalf.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All certificates representing
shares of capital stock and warrants will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any person who acquires shares
or warrants in violation of our charter, or any person who is a purported transferee such that excess securities result, must immediately
give written notice or, in the event of a proposed or attempted transfer that would be void as set forth above, give at least 15 days
prior written notice to us of such event and shall provide us such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect,
if any, of the transfer on our status as a REIT. In addition, as required under the REIT provisions of the Code, every record owner of
more than 5.0%, during any period in which the number of record stockholders is 2,000, or 1.0%, during any period in which the number
of record stockholders is greater than 200 but less than 2,000, or 1/2%, during any period in which the number of record stockholders
is 200 or less, of the number or value of our outstanding shares will receive a questionnaire from us by January&nbsp;30 requesting information
as to how the shares are held. In addition, our charter requires that such stockholders must provide written notice to us by 30 days
after January&nbsp;1 stating the name and address of the record stockholder, the number of shares beneficially owned and a description
of how the shares are held. In practice, we have generally permitted our stockholders to comply with the foregoing charter requirement
by responding to our annual REIT questionnaire. Further, each stockholder upon demand is required to disclose to us in writing such information
with respect to the direct and constructive ownership of shares and warrants as our board of directors deems reasonably necessary to
comply with the REIT provisions of the Code, to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine
any such compliance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors may
increase or decrease the 9.8% ownership limit. In addition, to the extent consistent with the REIT provisions of the Code, our board
of directors may, pursuant to our charter, waive the 9.8% ownership limit for a purchaser of our stock. As a condition to such waiver
the intended transferee must give written notice to the board of directors of the proposed transfer no later than the fifteenth day prior
to any transfer which, if consummated, would result in the intended transferee owning shares in excess of the ownership limit. Our board
of directors may also take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect our status as a REIT. Pursuant to our charter,
our board of directors has, from time to time, waived the ownership limit for certain of our stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions described
above may inhibit market activity and the resulting opportunity for the holders of our capital stock and warrants to receive a premium
for their shares or warrants that might otherwise exist in the absence of such provisions. Such provisions also may make us an unsuitable
investment vehicle for any person seeking to obtain ownership of more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_016"></A>CERTAIN
PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have summarized certain
terms and provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws. This summary is not complete and is qualified
by the provisions of our charter and bylaws, and the Maryland General Corporation Law. See &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For restrictions on ownership
and transfer of our capital stock contained in our charter, see &ldquo;Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Repurchase of Shares.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Maryland Business Combination
Act</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under the Maryland Business
Combination Act, &ldquo;business combinations&rdquo; between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of
an interested stockholder, as such terms are defined in the Act, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the
interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange,
or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. The statute permits
various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by provision in the charter of the corporation.
Our charter provides that we elect not to be governed by the provisions of the Maryland Business Combination Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Maryland Control Share
Acquisition Act</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Maryland Control Share
Acquisition Act causes persons who acquire beneficial ownership of stock at levels of 10%, 33%, and more than 50% (control share acquisitions)
to lose the voting rights of such stock unless voting rights are restored by the stockholders at a meeting by vote of two-thirds of all
the votes entitled to be cast on the matter (excluding stock held by the acquiring stockholder or the corporation&rsquo;s officers or
employee directors). The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act affords a cash-out election for stockholders other than the acquiring
stockholder, at an appraised value (but not less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiring person in the control share acquisition),
payable by the corporation, if voting rights for more than 50% of the outstanding stock are approved for the acquiring person. Under
certain circumstances, the corporation may redeem shares acquired in a control share acquisition if voting rights for such shares have
not been approved. The statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation, or share exchange if the corporation
is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. A corporation&rsquo;s
board of directors has an &ldquo;opt-out&rdquo; power, exercisable through amendment of the corporation&rsquo;s bylaws (which could be
changed by the stockholders), to exempt in advance any control share acquisition from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Our
bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act acquisitions of our common stock by any person pursuant
to a waiver from the ownership limit in our charter granted to such persons by our board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Maryland Control Share
Acquisition Act could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and of increasing the difficulty of consummating any such
offers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Board of Directors, Vacancies,
and Removal of Directors</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All directors are elected
annually to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualify.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to our election
to be subject to certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, any vacancy on our board of directors may be filled only
by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum,
and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred
and until a successor is elected and qualifies. A director may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of a majority
of all the votes entitled to be cast generally for the election of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Charter Amendments and
Extraordinary Corporate Actions</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under Maryland law, a Maryland
corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange,
convert or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders
entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its
charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on
the matter. Our charter provides for approval of these matters by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total number
of shares entitled to vote on the matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Advance Notice of Director
Nominations and New Business</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our bylaws provide that with
respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors and the proposal of business
to be considered by stockholders may be made only (i)&nbsp;pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (ii) by the board of directors or (iii)
by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of our bylaws. With respect
to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Exclusive Forum</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our bylaws provide that unless
we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or if that court does
not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, will be the sole and exclusive
forum for (a) any Internal Corporate Claim (as defined in the Maryland General Corporation Law), (b) any derivative action or proceeding
brought on our behalf, (c) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of ours
to us or our stockholders, (d) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours arising pursuant
to any provision of the Maryland General Corporation Law or our charter or our bylaws, or (e)&nbsp;any other action asserting a claim
against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Subtitle 8</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the
MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent
directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding
any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any of:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            classified board of directors;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            requirement that a vacancy on the board of directors be filled only by the remaining directors
                                            and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred;
                                            or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to Subtitle 8, we
have elected to provide that vacancies on the board of directors may be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder
of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle
8, we already (a) vest in the board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships and (b) require, unless called
by our chairman of the board, our president, the board of directors or a majority of independent directors, the request of holders of
a majority of outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting to call a special meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Meetings of Stockholders</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under our current bylaws
and pursuant to Maryland law, annual meetings of stockholders will be held each year at a date and at the time and place determined by
our board of directors. Special meetings of stockholders may be called by our board of directors, the chairman of the board of directors,
our president or a majority of independent directors. Additionally, subject to the provisions of our bylaws, special meetings of the
stockholders to act on any matter must be called by our secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less
than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting who have requested the special meeting in accordance with the procedures
set forth in, and provided the information and certifications required by, our bylaws. Only matters set forth in the notice of the special
meeting may be considered and acted upon at such a meeting. Our secretary will inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated
cost of preparing and delivering the notice of meeting (including our proxy materials), and the requesting stockholder or stockholders
must pay such estimated cost before our secretary may prepare and deliver the notice of the special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_023"></A>MATERIAL
U.S.&nbsp;FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following is a general
summary of certain material U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax considerations regarding our qualification and taxation as a REIT and the purchase,
ownership and disposition of our capital stock and debt securities, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax
effects. Supplemental U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax considerations relevant to the ownership of the securities offered by this prospectus
may be provided in the prospectus supplement that relates to those securities. Your tax treatment will vary depending upon the terms
of the specific securities you acquire, as well as your particular situation. For purposes of this discussion, references to &ldquo;we,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;our&rdquo; and &ldquo;us&rdquo; mean only Redwood Trust, Inc. and do not include any of its subsidiaries, except as otherwise
indicated. This summary is for general information only and is not tax advice. The information in this summary is based on:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>the
                                            Code;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
               </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>current,
                                            temporary and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code, or Treasury Regulations;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                          </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>the
                                            legislative history of the Code;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                          </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>administrative
                                            interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS; and</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                        </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>court
                                            decisions;</TD></TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">in each case, as of the date
of this prospectus. In addition, the administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS include its practices and policies as expressed
in private letter rulings that are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the particular taxpayers who requested and received
those rulings. The sections&nbsp;of the Code and the corresponding Treasury Regulations that relate to qualification and taxation as
a REIT are highly technical and complex. The following discussion sets forth certain material aspects of the sections&nbsp;of the Code
that govern the U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders and the holders of its debt securities. This summary
is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code, and administrative and
judicial interpretations thereof. Potential tax reforms may result in significant changes to the rules governing U.S.&nbsp;federal income
taxation. New legislation, Treasury Regulations, administrative interpretations and practices and/or court decisions may significantly
and adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, the U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax consequences of such qualification, or the U.S.&nbsp;federal
income tax consequences of an investment in us, including those described in this discussion. Moreover, the law relating to the tax treatment
of other entities, or an investment in other entities, could change, making an investment in such other entities more attractive relative
to an investment in a REIT. Any such changes could apply retroactively to transactions preceding the date of the change. We have not
requested, and do not plan to request, any rulings from the IRS that we qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this prospectus are
not binding on the IRS or any court. Thus, we can provide no assurance that the tax considerations contained in this discussion will
not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if challenged by the IRS.&nbsp;This summary does not discuss any state,
local or non-U.S.&nbsp;tax consequences, or any tax consequences arising under any U.S.&nbsp;federal tax laws other than U.S.&nbsp;federal
income tax laws, associated with the purchase, ownership or disposition of our capital stock or debt securities, or our election to be
taxed as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>You are urged to consult your tax advisors
regarding the tax consequences to you of:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD><B>the
                                            purchase, ownership and disposition of our capital stock or debt securities, including the
                                            U.S.&nbsp;federal, state, local, non-U.S.&nbsp;and other tax consequences;</B></TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                     </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD><B>our
                                            election to be taxed as a REIT for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes; and</B></TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                           </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD><B>potential
                                            changes in applicable tax laws.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Taxation of the Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>General</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have elected to be taxed
as a REIT under Sections&nbsp;856 through 860 of the Code commencing with our taxable year ended December&nbsp;31, 1994. We believe that
we have been organized and have operated in a manner that has allowed us to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code commencing
with such taxable year, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in this manner. However, qualification and taxation
as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, including through actual operating
results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we have
been organized and have operated, or will continue to be organized and operate, in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a
REIT. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Failure to Qualify&rdquo; for
potential tax consequences if we fail to qualify as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Latham &amp; Watkins LLP
has acted as our tax counsel in connection with this prospectus and our U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax status as a REIT. Latham &amp; Watkins
LLP has rendered an opinion to us, as of the date of this prospectus, to the effect that, commencing with our taxable year ended December&nbsp;31,
2011, we have been organized and have operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the
Code, and our proposed method of operation will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT
under the Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion was based on various assumptions and representations as to factual matters, including
representations made by us in a factual certificate provided by one or more of our officers. In addition, this opinion was based upon
our factual representations set forth in this prospectus. Additionally, to the extent we make certain investments, such as investments
in commercial mortgage loan securitizations, the accuracy of such opinion will also depend on the accuracy of certain opinions rendered
to us in connection with such transactions. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various
qualification tests imposed under the Code, which are discussed below, including through actual operating results, asset composition,
distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership, the results of which have not been and will not be reviewed by Latham &amp; Watkins
LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year have satisfied or will
satisfy those requirements. Further, the anticipated U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax treatment described in this discussion may be changed,
perhaps retroactively, by legislative, administrative or judicial action at any time. Latham &amp; Watkins LLP has no obligation to update
its opinion subsequent to the date of such opinion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Provided we qualify for taxation
as a REIT, we generally will not be required to pay U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate income taxes on our REIT taxable income that we currently
distribute to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the &ldquo;double taxation&rdquo; that ordinarily results from
investment in a C corporation. A C corporation is a corporation that generally is required to pay tax at the corporate level. Double
taxation means taxation once at the corporate level when income is earned and once again at the stockholder level when the income is
distributed. We will, however, be required to pay U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            will be required to pay regular U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate income tax on any undistributed
                                            REIT taxable income, including undistributed capital gain.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                       </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we have (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of &ldquo;foreclosure property&rdquo;
                                            held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (2) other nonqualifying
                                            income from foreclosure property, we will be required to pay regular U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate
                                            income tax on this income. To the extent that income from foreclosure property is otherwise
                                            qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, this tax is not applicable.
                                            Subject to certain other requirements, foreclosure property generally is defined as property
                                            we acquired through foreclosure or after a default on a loan secured by the property or a
                                            lease of the property. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation
                                            of the Company&mdash;Income Tests&mdash;Foreclosure Property.&rdquo;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                         </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            will be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income from prohibited transactions. Prohibited
                                            transactions are, in general, sales or other taxable dispositions of property, other than
                                            foreclosure property, held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
                                            course of business.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                      </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below,
                                            but have otherwise maintained our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements
                                            are met, we will be required to pay a tax equal to (1) the greater of (A) the amount by which
                                            we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test and (B) the amount by which we fail to satisfy
                                            the 95% gross income test, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.</TD></TR>
                                                                  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we fail to satisfy any of the asset tests (other than a <I>de minimis</I> failure of the
                                            5% or 10% asset test), as described below, due to reasonable cause and not due to willful
                                            neglect, and we nonetheless maintain our REIT qualification because of specified cure provisions,
                                            we will be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the U.S.&nbsp;federal
                                            corporate income tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets
                                            that caused us to fail such test.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                            </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we fail to satisfy any provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify
                                            as a REIT (other than a violation of the gross income tests or certain violations of the
                                            asset tests, as described below) and the violation is due to reasonable cause and not due
                                            to willful neglect, we may retain our REIT qualification but we will be required to pay a
                                            penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                          </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            will be required to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar
                                            year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our capital
                                            gain net income for the year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                        </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we acquire any asset from a corporation that is or has been a C corporation in a transaction
                                            in which our tax basis in the asset is less than the fair market value of the asset, in each
                                            case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset, and we subsequently recognize
                                            gain on the disposition of the asset during the five-year period beginning on the date on
                                            which we acquired the asset, then we generally will be required to pay regular U.S.&nbsp;federal
                                            corporate income tax on this gain to the extent of the excess of (1) the fair market value
                                            of the asset over (2) our adjusted tax basis in the asset, in each case determined as of
                                            the date on which we acquired the asset. The results described in this paragraph with respect
                                            to the recognition of gain assume that the C corporation will refrain from making an election
                                            to receive different treatment under applicable Treasury Regulations on its tax return for
                                            the year in which we acquire the asset from the C corporation. Under applicable Treasury
                                            Regulations, any gain from the sale of property we acquired in an exchange under Section&nbsp;1031
                                            (a like-kind exchange) or Section&nbsp;1033 (an involuntary conversion) of the Code generally
                                            is excluded from the application of this built-in gains tax.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                 </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with a foreclosure of a mortgage
                                            loan or from certain leasehold terminations as &ldquo;foreclosure property,&rdquo; we may
                                            thereby avoid (1) the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale would
                                            otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction) and (2) the inclusion of any income from such
                                            property not qualifying for purposes of the REIT gross income tests discussed below, but
                                            the income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to regular U.S.&nbsp;federal
                                            corporate income tax.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                               </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            will generally be subject to tax on the portion of any &ldquo;excess inclusion income&rdquo;
                                            derived from an investment in residual interests in certain mortgage loan securitization
                                            structures (i.e., a &ldquo;taxable mortgage pool&rdquo; or a residual interest in a real
                                            estate mortgage investment conduit, or a REMIC) to the extent that our capital stock is held
                                            by specified types of tax-exempt organizations known as &ldquo;disqualified organizations&rdquo;
                                            that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income. To the extent that we own
                                            a REMIC residual interest or a taxable mortgage pool through a taxable REIT subsidiary, or
                                            a TRS, we will not be subject to this tax. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax
                                            Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Taxable Mortgage Pools.&rdquo;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                 </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>Our
                                            subsidiaries that are C corporations and are not qualified REIT subsidiaries, including our
                                            TRSs, generally will be required to pay regular U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate income tax on
                                            their earnings.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                   </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            will be required to pay a 100% tax on any &ldquo;redetermined rents,&rdquo; &ldquo;redetermined
                                            deductions,&rdquo; &ldquo;excess interest&rdquo; or &ldquo;redetermined TRS service income,&rdquo;
                                            as described below under &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation
                                            of the Company&mdash;Income Tests&mdash;Penalty Tax.&rdquo;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                     </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net capital gain. In that case, a stockholder
                                            would include its proportionate share of our undistributed capital gain (to the extent we
                                            make a timely designation of such gain to the stockholder) in its income, would be deemed
                                            to have paid the tax that we paid on such gain, and would be allowed a credit for its proportionate
                                            share of the tax deemed to have been paid, and an adjustment would be made to increase the
                                            tax basis of the stockholder in our capital stock.</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>If
                                            we fail to comply with the requirement to send annual letters to our stockholders holding
                                            at least a certain percentage of our stock, as determined under applicable Treasury Regulations,
                                            requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our stock, and the failure is not
                                            due to reasonable cause or is due to willful neglect, we will be subject to a $25,000 penalty,
                                            or if the failure is intentional, a $50,000 penalty.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We and our subsidiaries
may be subject to a variety of taxes other than U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax, including payroll taxes and state and local income, property
and other taxes on our assets and operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Requirements for Qualification as a REIT</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">The Code defines a REIT as a corporation,
trust or association:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that
                                            is managed by one or more trustees or directors;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that
                                            issues transferable shares or transferable certificates to evidence its beneficial ownership;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that
                                            would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections&nbsp;856 through 860 of the
                                            Code;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that
                                            is not a financial institution or an insurance company within the meaning of certain provisions
                                            of the Code;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that
                                            is beneficially owned by 100 or more persons;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">not
                                            more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, actually or constructively,
                                            by five or fewer individuals, including certain specified entities, during the last half
                                            of each taxable year; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">that
                                            meets other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the
                                            amount of its distributions.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Code provides that conditions
(1) to (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable
year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply until
after the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT. For purposes of condition (6), the term &ldquo;individual&rdquo;
includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefit plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or
used exclusively for charitable purposes, but generally does not include a qualified pension plan or profit sharing trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that we have been
organized and have operated in a manner that has allowed us, and will continue to allow us, to satisfy conditions (1) through (7), inclusive,
during the relevant time periods. In addition, our charter provides for restrictions regarding ownership and transfer of our shares that
are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. A description
of the share ownership and transfer restrictions relating to our capital stock is contained in the discussion in this prospectus under
the heading &ldquo;Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Repurchase of Shares.&rdquo; These restrictions, however, do not ensure
that we have previously satisfied, and may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to continue to satisfy, the share ownership
requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, then except as provided
in the next sentence, our status as a REIT will terminate. If, however, we comply with the rules contained in applicable Treasury Regulations
that require us to ascertain the actual ownership of our shares and we do not know, or would not have known through the exercise of reasonable
diligence, that we failed to meet the requirement described in condition (6) above, we will be treated as having met this requirement.
See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Failure to Qualify.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, we may not maintain
our status as a REIT unless our taxable year is the calendar year. We have and will continue to have a calendar taxable year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Ownership of Interests in Partnerships,
Limited Liability Companies and Qualified REIT Subsidiaries</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the case of a REIT that
is a partner in a partnership (for purposes of this discussion, references to &ldquo;partnership&rdquo; include a limited liability company
treated as a partnership for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes, and references to &ldquo;partner&rdquo; include a member in such
a limited liability company), Treasury Regulations provide that the REIT will be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets
of the partnership based on its interest in partnership capital, subject to special rules relating to the 10% asset test described below.
Also, the REIT will be deemed to be entitled to its proportionate share of the income of that entity. The assets and gross income of
the partnership retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of Section&nbsp;856 of the Code, including satisfying
the gross income tests and the asset tests. Thus, our pro rata share of the assets and items of income of any partnership, including
such partnership&rsquo;s share of these items of any partnership or disregarded entity for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes in which
it owns an interest, would be treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of applying the requirements described in this discussion,
including the gross income and asset tests described below. For purposes of the REIT qualification tests, the treatment of our ownership
of partnerships or limited liability companies that are, in each case, treated as disregarded entities for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax
purposes is generally the same as described below with respect to qualified REIT subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We generally have control
of our subsidiary partnerships and intend to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT.
If we become a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership and such entity takes or expects to take actions that could
jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it
is possible that a partnership could take an action which could cause us to fail a gross income or asset test, and that we would not
become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or take other corrective action on a timely basis.
In such a case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief, as described below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From time to time, we may
own wholly owned subsidiaries that are treated as &ldquo;qualified REIT subsidiaries&rdquo; under the Code. A corporation (or other entity
treated as a corporation for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes) qualifies as our qualified REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of the
corporation&rsquo;s outstanding stock and do not elect with the subsidiary to treat it as a TRS, as described below. A qualified REIT
subsidiary is not treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit
of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the parent
REIT for all purposes under the Code, including all REIT qualification tests. Thus, in applying the U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax requirements
described in this discussion, any qualified REIT subsidiaries we own are ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, gain,
loss, deduction and credit of such corporations are treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and
credit. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax, and our ownership of the stock of a qualified REIT
subsidiary will not violate the restrictions on ownership of securities, as described below under &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income
Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Asset Tests.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Ownership of Interests in TRSs</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From time to time, we may
own interests in one or more companies that have elected, together with us, to be treated as our TRSs, and we may acquire securities
in additional TRSs in the future. A TRS is a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes),
other than a REIT, in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock, and that has made a joint election with such REIT to be treated
as a TRS.&nbsp;If a TRS owns more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of another corporation, such
other corporation will also be treated as a TRS.&nbsp;Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a TRS
may generally engage in any business. A TRS is subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax as a regular C corporation. A REIT is not treated
as holding the assets of a TRS or as receiving any income that the TRS earns. Rather, the stock issued by the TRS is an asset in the
hands of the REIT, and the REIT generally recognizes as income the dividends, if any, that it receives from the TRS.&nbsp;A REIT&rsquo;s
ownership of securities of a TRS is not subject to the 5% or 10% asset test described below. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income
Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Asset Tests.&rdquo; Taxpayers are subject to a limitation on their ability to
deduct net business interest generally equal to 30% of adjusted taxable income, subject to certain exceptions. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal
Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Annual Distribution Requirements.&rdquo; While not certain, this provision
may limit the ability of our TRSs to deduct interest, which could increase their taxable income.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Non-U.S.&nbsp;TRSs that are
not engaged in trade or business in the United States for tax purposes generally are not subject to U.S.&nbsp;corporate income taxation.
However, certain U.S.&nbsp;shareholders of such non-U.S.&nbsp;corporations may be required to include in their income currently their
proportionate share of the earnings of such a corporation, whether or not such earnings are distributed. This could affect our ability
to comply with the REIT income tests and distribution requirement. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation
of the Company&mdash;Income Tests&rdquo; and &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Annual
Distribution Requirements.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may hold a significant
number of assets in one or more TRSs, subject to the limitation that securities in TRSs may not represent more than 20% of our total
assets. We may engage in securitization transactions
through our TRSs, and to the extent that we acquire loans with an intention of selling such loans in a manner that might expose us to
a 100% tax on &ldquo;prohibited transactions,&rdquo; such loans may be acquired by a TRS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain restrictions imposed
on TRSs are intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of U.S.&nbsp;federal income taxation. For example,
if amounts are paid to a REIT or deducted by a TRS due to transactions between a REIT, its tenants and/or the TRS that exceed the amount
that would be paid to or deducted by a party in an arm&rsquo;s-length transaction, the REIT generally will be subject to an excise tax
equal to 100% of such excess. Furthermore, income of a TRS that is understated as a result of services provided to us or on our behalf
generally will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the
Company&mdash;Income Tests&mdash;Penalty Tax.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Ownership of Interests in Subsidiary REITs</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We own and may acquire direct
or indirect interests in one or more entities that have elected or will elect to be taxed as REITs under the Code (each, a &ldquo;Subsidiary
REIT&rdquo;). A Subsidiary REIT is subject to the various REIT qualification requirements and other limitations described herein that
are applicable to us. If a Subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT, then (i) that Subsidiary REIT would become subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal
income tax as a corporation and (ii)&nbsp;the Subsidiary REIT&rsquo;s failure to qualify could have an adverse effect on our ability
to comply with the REIT income and asset tests, and thus could impair our ability to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves
of certain relief provisions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Taxable Mortgage Pools</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">An entity, or a portion of
an entity, may be classified as a taxable mortgage pool, or a TMP, under the Code if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">substantially
                                            all of its assets consist of debt obligations or interests in debt obligations;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">more
                                            than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgages or interests in real estate
                                            mortgages as of specified testing dates;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            entity has issued debt obligations that have two or more maturities; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            payments required to be made by the entity on its debt obligations &ldquo;bear a relationship&rdquo;
                                            to the payments to be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds as assets.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under applicable Treasury
Regulations, if less than 80% of the assets of an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt obligations, these debt obligations
are considered not to comprise &ldquo;substantially all&rdquo; of its assets, and therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP.
We may enter into financing and securitization arrangements that give rise to TMPs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A TMP generally is treated
as a corporation for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes. However, special rules apply to a REIT, a portion of a REIT, or a qualified
REIT subsidiary that is a TMP. If a REIT owns directly, or indirectly through one or more qualified REIT subsidiaries or other entities
that are disregarded entities for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes, 100% of the equity interests in the TMP, the TMP will be a qualified
REIT subsidiary and, therefore, disregarded as an entity separate from the REIT for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes and would not
generally affect the tax qualification of the REIT. Rather, the consequences of the TMP classification would generally be limited to
the REIT&rsquo;s shareholders. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Excess
Inclusion Income.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Excess Inclusion Income</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A portion of income from
a TMP arrangement, which might be non-cash accrued income, could be treated as &ldquo;excess inclusion income.&rdquo; A REIT&rsquo;s
excess inclusion income, including any excess inclusion income from a residual interest in a REMIC, must be allocated among its shareholders
in proportion to dividends paid. We generally do not expect to generate excess inclusion income that would be allocated to our stockholders.
In the event we do generate excess inclusion income, we are required to notify our stockholders of the amount of such income allocated
to them. A shareholder&rsquo;s share of excess inclusion income:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">cannot
                                            be offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the shareholder;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in
                                            the case of a shareholder that is a REIT, a regulated investment company, or a RIC, or a
                                            common trust fund or other pass-through entity, is considered excess inclusion income of
                                            such entity;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">is
                                            subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income in the hands of most types of shareholders
                                            that are otherwise generally exempt from U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">results
                                            in the application of U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate (30%),
                                            without reduction for any otherwise applicable income tax treaty or other exemption, to the
                                            extent allocable to most types of non-U.S.&nbsp;shareholders; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">is
                                            taxable at the U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate income tax rate, currently 21%, to the REIT, rather
                                            than its shareholders, to the extent allocable to the REIT&rsquo;s shares held in record
                                            name by disqualified organizations (generally, tax-exempt entities not subject to unrelated
                                            business income tax, including governmental organizations).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The manner in which excess
inclusion income is calculated, or would be allocated to our stockholders, including allocations among shares of different classes of
stock, is not clear under current law. As required by IRS guidance, we intend to make such determinations using a reasonable method.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Tax-exempt investors, RIC
or REIT investors, non-U.S.&nbsp;investors and taxpayers with net operating losses should carefully consider the tax consequences described
above, and are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax consequences of an investment in
our capital stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If a subsidiary partnership
of ours that we do not wholly own, directly or through one or more disregarded entities, were a TMP, the foregoing rules would not apply.
Rather, the partnership that is a TMP would be treated as a corporation for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes, and potentially would
be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate income tax or withholding tax. In addition, this characterization would alter our income and
asset test calculations, and could adversely affect our compliance with those requirements. We intend to monitor the structure of any
TMPs in which we will have an interest to ensure that they will not adversely affect our qualification as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Income Tests</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We must satisfy two gross
income requirements annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, in each taxable year we must derive directly or indirectly
at least 75% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, certain hedging transactions, and certain foreign
currency gains) from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including &ldquo;rents from real property,&rdquo;
dividends from other REITs and, in certain circumstances, interest, or certain types of temporary investments. Second, in each taxable
year we must derive at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, certain hedging transactions,
and certain foreign currency gains) from the real property investments described above or dividends, interest and gain from the sale
or disposition of stock or securities, or from any combination of the foregoing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Interest Income</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Interest income constitutes
qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test to the extent that the obligation is secured by a mortgage on
real property or on interests in real property and, if an obligation is secured by a mortgage on both real property and personal property,
the fair market value of such personal property does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all such property. In the event
that we invest in a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and personal property, we may be required to apportion our interest
on the loan between interest on an obligation that is secured by real property (or by an interest in real property) and interest on an
obligation that is not so secured. Even if a loan is not secured by real property or is undersecured, the income that it generates may
nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that we derive
interest income from a loan where all or a portion of the amount of interest payable is contingent, such income generally will qualify
for purposes of the gross income tests only if it is based upon the gross receipts or sales and not the net income or profits of any
person. This limitation does not apply, however, to a mortgage loan where the borrower derives substantially all of its income from the
property from the leasing of substantially all of its interest in the property to tenants, to the extent that the rental income derived
by the borrower would qualify as rents from real property had we earned it directly.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that the terms
of a loan provide for contingent interest that is based on the cash proceeds realized upon the sale of the property securing the loan
(or a shared appreciation provision), income attributable to the participation feature will be treated as gain from sale of the underlying
property, which generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests, provided that the property
is not inventory or dealer property of the borrower or ours.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any amount includible in
our gross income with respect to a regular or residual interest in a REMIC generally is treated as interest on an obligation secured
by a mortgage on real property. If, however, less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consists of real estate assets (determined as if
we held such assets), we will be treated as receiving directly our proportionate share of the income of the REMIC for purposes of determining
the amount that is treated as interest on an obligation secured by a mortgage on real property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Among the assets we may hold
are certain mezzanine loans secured by equity interests in a pass-through entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather
than a direct mortgage on the real property. The IRS issued Revenue Procedure 2003-65, or the Revenue Procedure, which provides a safe
harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, and
interest derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Although the Revenue
Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. From time to time,
we may own mezzanine loans that do not meet all of the requirements for reliance on this safe harbor. There can be no assurance that
the IRS will not challenge the qualification of any mezzanine loans we may own as real estate assets or the interest generated by such
loans as qualifying income under the 75% gross income test. If we acquire or make corporate mezzanine loans or other commercial real
estate corporate loans, such loans will not qualify as real estate assets and interest income with respect to such loans will not be
qualifying income for the 75% gross income test. To the extent that such non-qualification causes us to fail the 75% gross income test,
we could be required to pay a penalty tax or fail to qualify as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We expect that any commercial
mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS, that we may invest in will be treated either as interests in a grantor trust or as interests in
a REMIC for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes and that all interest income, original issue discount and market discount from such
CMBS will be qualifying income for the 95% gross income test. In the case of CMBS treated as interests in a REMIC, income derived from
REMIC interests will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. As discussed above,
if less than 95% of the assets of the REMIC are real estate assets, however, then only a proportionate part of our income derived from
the REMIC interest will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test. In addition, some REMIC securitizations include imbedded interest
swap or cap contracts or other derivative instruments that potentially could produce non-qualifying income for the holder of the related
REMIC securities. In the case of CMBS treated as interests in grantor trusts, we would be treated as owning an undivided beneficial ownership
interest in the mortgage loans held by the grantor trust. The interest, original issue discount and market discount on such mortgage
loans would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test to the extent that the obligation is secured by real property
and, if an obligation is secured by a mortgage on both real property and personal property, the fair market value of such personal property
does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all such property, as discussed above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that the interest
income that we receive from our mortgage-related investments and securities generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both
the 75% and 95% gross income tests. However, to the extent we own non-REMIC collateralized mortgage obligations or other debt instruments
secured by mortgage loans (rather than by real property) or secured by non-real estate assets, or debt securities that are not secured
by mortgages on real property or interests in real property, the interest income received with respect to such securities generally will
be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Fee Income</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may receive various fees
in connection with our operations. The fees generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests
if they are received in consideration for entering into an agreement to make a loan secured by real property and the fees are not determined
by the income or profits of any person. Other fees are not qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test.
Any fees earned by a TRS are not included for purposes of the gross income tests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Dividend and Certain Foreign Income</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may receive distributions
from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions generally will be classified as
dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions generally will constitute
qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test. Any dividends we receive from a REIT
will be qualifying income in our hands for purposes of both the 95% and 75% gross income tests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Income inclusions from equity
investments in certain foreign corporations, such as controlled foreign corporations and passive foreign investment companies, as defined
in the Code, are technically neither dividends nor any of the other enumerated categories of income specified in the 95% gross income
test for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes. However, under IRS guidance, certain such income inclusions generally will constitute
qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Hedging Transactions</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From time to time, we may
enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering
into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Income from a hedging
transaction, including gain from the sale or disposition of such a transaction, that is clearly identified as a hedging transaction as
specified in the Code will not constitute gross income under, and thus will be exempt from, the 75% and 95% gross income tests. The term
 &ldquo;hedging transaction,&rdquo; as used above, generally means (A) any transaction we enter into in the normal course of our business
primarily to manage risk of (1) interest rate changes or fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made by us to acquire
or carry real estate assets, or (2) currency fluctuations with respect to an item of qualifying income under the 75% or 95% gross income
test or any property which generates such income and (B) new transactions entered into to hedge the income or loss from prior hedging
transactions, where the property or indebtedness which was the subject of the prior hedging transaction was extinguished or disposed
of. To the extent that we do not properly identify such transactions as hedges or we hedge with other types of financial instruments,
the income from those transactions is not likely to be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests. We intend
to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Rents from Real Property</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;To the extent that
we own real property or interests therein, rents we receive from a tenant will qualify as &ldquo;rents from real property&rdquo; for
the purpose of satisfying the gross income tests described above only if all of the following conditions are met:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>The
                                            amount of rent is not based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However,
                                            an amount we receive or accrue generally will not be excluded from the term &ldquo;rents
                                            from real property&rdquo; solely because it is based on a fixed percentage or percentages
                                            of receipts or sales or if it is based on the net income of a tenant which derives substantially
                                            all of its income with respect to such property from subleasing of substantially all of such
                                            property, to the extent that the rents paid by the subtenants would qualify as rents from
                                            real property if we earned such amounts directly;</TD></TR>
                                                                      </TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>Neither
                                            we nor an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of our capital stock actually or constructively
                                            owns 10% or more of the interests in the assets or net profits of a non-corporate tenant,
                                            or, if the tenant is a corporation, 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all
                                            classes of stock entitled to vote or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of stock
                                            of the tenant. Rents we receive from such a tenant that is a TRS of ours, however, will not
                                            be excluded from the definition of &ldquo;rents from real property&rdquo; as a result of
                                            this condition if at least 90% of the space at the property to which the rents relate is
                                            leased to third parties, and the rents paid by the TRS are substantially comparable to rents
                                            paid by our other tenants for comparable space;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                         </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>Rent
                                            attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is not
                                            greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. If this condition is not met,
                                            then the portion of the rent attributable to personal property will not qualify as &ldquo;rents
                                            from real property.&rdquo; To the extent that rent attributable to personal property leased
                                            in connection with a lease of real property exceeds 15% of the total rent received under
                                            the lease, we may transfer a portion of such personal property to a TRS; and</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                   </TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>We
                                            generally may not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to our tenants,
                                            subject to a 1% <I>de minimis</I> exception and except as provided below. We may, however,
                                            perform services that are &ldquo;usually or customarily rendered&rdquo; in connection with
                                            the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered &ldquo;rendered to
                                            the occupant&rdquo; of the property. Examples of these services include the provision of
                                            light, heat, or other utilities, trash removal and general maintenance of common areas. In
                                            addition, we may employ an independent contractor from whom we derive no revenue to provide
                                            customary services to our tenants, or a TRS (which may be wholly or partially owned by us)
                                            to provide both customary and non-customary services to our tenants, without causing the
                                            rent we receive from those tenants to fail to qualify as &ldquo;rents from real property.&rdquo;</TD></TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We intend to structure any
leases so that the rent payable thereunder will qualify as &ldquo;rents from real property,&rdquo; but there can be no assurance we will
be successful in this regard.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Phantom Income</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Due to the nature of the
assets in which we may invest, from time to time we may be required to recognize taxable income from those assets in advance of our receipt
of cash flow on or proceeds from disposition of such assets, and may be required to report taxable income in early periods that exceeds
the economic income ultimately realized on such assets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we were to acquire debt
instruments in the secondary market for less than their face amount, the amount of such discount generally would be treated as &ldquo;market
discount&rdquo; for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes. Accrued market discount is reported as income when, and to the extent that,
any payment of principal of the debt instrument is made, unless we elect to include accrued market discount in income as it accrues.
Principal payments on certain loans are made monthly, and consequently accrued market discount may have to be included in income each
month as if the debt instrument were assured of ultimately being collected in full. If we collect less on the debt instrument than our
purchase price plus the market discount we had previously reported as income, we may not be able to benefit from any offsetting loss
deductions in a subsequent taxable year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we were to acquire securities
issued with original issue discount, we would generally be required to accrue original issue discount based on the constant yield to
maturity of the securities, and to treat it as taxable income in accordance with applicable U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax rules even though
smaller or no cash payments were received on such debt instrument. As in the case of the market discount discussed in the preceding paragraph,
the constant yield in question would be determined and we would be taxed based on the assumption that all future payments due on securities
in question will be made, with consequences similar to those described in the previous paragraph if all payments on the securities are
not made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, in the event
that any debt instruments or other securities we acquire are delinquent as to mandatory principal and interest payments, or in the event
payments with respect to a particular debt instrument are not made when due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize
the unpaid interest as taxable income. Similarly, we may be required to accrue interest income with respect to subordinate mortgage-backed
securities at the stated rate regardless of whether corresponding cash payments are received.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may also be required under
the terms of indebtedness that we borrow from private lenders to use cash received from interest payments to make principal payments
on that indebtedness, with the effect of recognizing income but not having a corresponding amount of cash available for distribution
to our stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Finally, we are required
to recognize certain items of income for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes no later than when we would report such items on our financial
statements. However, under applicable Treasury Regulations, this requirement generally does not apply to an item of income if the timing
of income inclusion for that item is determined using a special method of accounting (e.g., income subject to the timing rules for original
issue discount under the Code).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Due to each of these potential
timing differences between income recognition or expense deduction and the related cash receipts or disbursements, there is a risk that
we may have taxable income in excess of cash available for distribution. In that event, we may need to borrow funds or take other action
to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements for the taxable year in which this &ldquo;phantom income&rdquo; is recognized. See &ldquo;Material
U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Annual Distribution Requirements.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Prohibited Transaction Income</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any gain that we realize
on the sale of an asset (other than foreclosure property, as described below) held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale
to customers in the ordinary course of business, either directly or through any qualified REIT subsidiaries or subsidiary partnerships,
or by a borrower that has issued a shared appreciation mortgage or similar debt instrument to us, will be treated as income from a prohibited
transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax, unless certain safe harbor exceptions apply. This prohibited transaction income may
also adversely affect our ability to satisfy the gross income tests for qualification as a REIT. Under existing law, whether an asset
is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends
on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. We intend to conduct our operations so that no asset we own
will be held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers, and that a sale of any assets we own will not be in the ordinary course
of business. However, the IRS may successfully assert that some or all of the sales made by us, our qualified REIT subsidiaries or our
subsidiary partnerships, or by a borrower that has issued a shared appreciation mortgage or similar debt instrument to us, are prohibited
transactions. We would be required to pay the 100% penalty tax on our allocable share of the gains resulting from any such sales. The
100% penalty tax will not apply to gains from the sale of assets that are held through a TRS, but such income will be subject to regular
U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate income tax.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Foreclosure Property</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Foreclosure property is real
property and any personal property incident to such real property (1) that is acquired by a REIT as a result of the REIT having bid on
the property at foreclosure or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law after
there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by the REIT and secured by the property,
(2) for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated and (3) for which
such REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. REITs generally are subject to tax at the U.S.&nbsp;federal
corporate income tax rate (currently 21%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the
foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any gain
from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited
transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property in the hands of the selling
REIT. If we believe we will receive any income from foreclosure property that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross
income test, we intend to elect to treat the related property as foreclosure property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Penalty Tax</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any redetermined deductions,
excess interest, redetermined rents or redetermined TRS service income we generate will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general,
redetermined deductions and excess interest represent any amounts that are deducted by a TRS of ours for amounts paid to us that are
in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm&rsquo;s length negotiations, redetermined rents are rents from real
property that are overstated as a result of any services furnished to any of our tenants by a TRS of ours, and redetermined TRS service
income is income of a TRS of ours that is understated as a result of services provided to us or on our behalf.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We do not have any TRSs that
provide tenant services, and we intend to set any amounts payable to us by our TRSs at arm&rsquo;s length rates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Failure to Satisfy the Gross Income Tests.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We monitor our income and
take actions intended to keep our nonqualifying income within the limitations of the gross income tests. Although we expect these actions
will be sufficient to prevent a violation of the gross income tests, we cannot guarantee that such actions will in all cases prevent
such a violation. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify
as a REIT for the year if we are entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code. We generally may make use of the relief provisions
if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">following
                                            our identification of the failure to meet the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable
                                            year, we file a schedule with the IRS setting forth each item of our gross income for purposes
                                            of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for such taxable year in accordance with Treasury Regulations
                                            to be issued; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our
                                            failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">It is not possible, however,
to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. For example, if we fail to satisfy
the gross income tests because nonqualifying income that we intentionally accrue or receive exceeds the limits on nonqualifying income,
the IRS could conclude that our failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. If these relief provisions do not apply
to a particular set of circumstances, we will not qualify as a REIT. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation
of the Company&mdash;Failure to Qualify&rdquo; below. As discussed above in &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation
of the Company&mdash;General,&rdquo; even if these relief provisions apply, and we retain our qualification as a REIT, a tax would be
imposed with respect to our nonqualifying income. We may not always be able to comply with the gross income tests for REIT qualification
despite periodic monitoring of our income.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Asset Tests</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At the close of each calendar
quarter of our taxable year, we must also satisfy certain tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets. First, at least
75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets, cash, cash items and U.S.&nbsp;government securities.
For purposes of this test, the term &ldquo;real estate assets&rdquo; generally means real property (including interests in real property
and interests in mortgages on real property or on both real property and, to a limited extent, personal property), shares (or transferable
certificates of beneficial interest) in other REITs, any stock or debt instrument attributable to the investment of the proceeds of a
stock offering or a public offering of debt with a term of at least five years (but only for the one-year period beginning on the date
the REIT receives such proceeds), debt instruments of publicly offered REITs and personal property leased in connection with a lease
of real property for which the rent attributable to personal property is not greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease.
Regular or residual interests in REMICs are generally treated as a real estate asset. If, however, less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC
consists of real estate assets (determined as if we held such assets), we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets
of the REMIC. In the case of any interests in grantor trusts, we would be treated as owning an undivided beneficial interest in the mortgage
loans held by the grantor trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Second, not more than 25%
of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities (including securities of TRSs), other than those securities includable
in the 75% asset test.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Third, of the investments
included in the 25% asset class, and except for certain investments in other REITs, our qualified REIT subsidiaries and TRSs, the value
of any one issuer&rsquo;s securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets, and we may not own more than 10% of the total
vote or value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. Certain types of securities we may own are disregarded as securities solely
for purposes of the 10% value test, including, but not limited to, securities satisfying the &ldquo;straight debt&rdquo; safe harbor,
securities issued by a partnership that itself would satisfy the 75% income test if it were a REIT, any loan to an individual or an estate,
any obligation to pay rents from real property and any security issued by a REIT. In addition, solely for purposes of the 10% value test,
the determination of our interest in the assets of a partnership in which we own an interest will be based on our proportionate interest
in any securities issued by the partnership, excluding for this purpose certain securities described in the Code. From time to time we
may own securities (including debt securities) of issuers that do not qualify as a REIT, a qualified REIT subsidiary or a TRS.&nbsp;We
intend that our ownership of any such securities will be structured in a manner that allows us to comply with the asset tests described
above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Fourth, not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented
by the securities of one or more TRSs. We currently own, directly or indirectly, interests in companies that have elected, together with
us, to be treated as our TRSs, and we may acquire securities in additional TRSs in the future. So long as each of these companies qualifies
as a TRS of ours, we will not be subject to the 5% asset test, the 10% voting power limitation or the 10% value limitation with respect
to our ownership of the securities of such companies. We believe that the aggregate value of our TRSs has not exceeded, and in the future
will not exceed, 20% of the aggregate value
of our gross assets. We generally do not obtain independent appraisals to support these conclusions. In addition, there can be no assurance
that the IRS will not disagree with our determinations of value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Fifth, not more than 25%
of the value of our total assets may be represented by debt instruments of publicly offered REITs to the extent those debt instruments
would not be real estate assets but for the inclusion of debt instruments of publicly offered REITs in the meaning of real estate assets,
as described above (e.g., a debt instrument issued by a publicly offered REIT that is not secured by a mortgage on real property).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that the assets
comprising our mortgage-related investments and securities that we own generally are qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset
test, and that our ownership of TRSs and other assets have been structured in a manner that will comply with the foregoing REIT asset
requirements, and we monitor compliance on an ongoing basis. There can be no assurance, however, that we will always be successful in
this effort. In this regard, to determine compliance with these requirements, we need to estimate the value of our assets, and we do
not expect to obtain independent appraisals to support our conclusions as to the total value of our assets or the value of any particular
security or other asset. Moreover, values of some assets, including our interests in our TRSs, may not be susceptible to a precise determination
and are subject to change in the future. Although we will continue to be prudent in making these estimates, there can be no assurance
that the IRS will not disagree with these determinations and assert that a different value is applicable, in which case we might not
satisfy the REIT asset tests, and could fail to qualify as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that we invest
in a mortgage loan that is not fully secured by real property, Revenue Procedure 2014-51 provides a safe harbor under which the IRS has
stated that it will not challenge a REIT&rsquo;s treatment of a loan as being, in part, a qualifying real estate asset in an amount equal
to the lesser of: (1) the greater of (a) the fair market value of the real property securing the loan determined as of the date the REIT
committed to acquire the loan or (b)&nbsp;the fair market value of the real property securing the loan on the relevant quarterly REIT
asset testing date; or (2) the fair market value of the loan on the date of the relevant quarterly REIT asset testing date. We intend
to invest in mortgage loans in a manner consistent with satisfying the asset tests and maintaining our qualification as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The proper classification
of an instrument as debt or equity for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect
the application of the REIT asset tests. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not assert that our interests in subsidiaries
or in the securities of other issuers caused a violation of the REIT asset tests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, we intend to
enter into repurchase agreements under which we will nominally sell certain of our assets to a counterparty and simultaneously enter
into an agreement to repurchase the sold assets. We believe that we will be treated for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes as the
owner of the assets that are the subject of any repurchase agreement and that the repurchase agreement will be treated as a secured lending
transaction notwithstanding that we may transfer record ownership of the assets to the counterparty during the term of the agreement.
It is possible, however, that the IRS could successfully assert that we did not own the assets during the term of the repurchase agreement,
in which case we could fail to qualify as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The asset tests must be satisfied
at the close of each calendar quarter of our taxable year in which we (directly or through any qualified REIT subsidiary or subsidiary
partnership) acquire securities in the applicable issuer, and also at the close of each calendar quarter in which we increase our ownership
of securities of such issuer (including as a result of an increase in our interest in any partnership that owns such securities). For
example, our indirect ownership of securities of each issuer may increase as a result of our capital contributions to, or the redemption
of other partners&rsquo; or members&rsquo; interests in, a partnership in which we have an ownership interest. However, after initially
meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at
the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If we fail to satisfy an asset test because we acquire securities
or other property during a quarter (including as a result of an increase in our interest in any partnership), we may cure this failure
by disposing of sufficient nonqualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We believe that we have maintained, and
we intend to maintain, adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests. If we fail to cure any
noncompliance with the asset tests within the 30-day cure period, we would cease to qualify as a REIT unless we are eligible for certain
relief provisions discussed below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain relief provisions
may be available to us if we discover a failure to satisfy the asset tests described above after the 30-day cure period. Under these
provisions, we will be deemed to have met the 5% and 10% asset tests if the value of our nonqualifying assets (i) does not exceed the
lesser of (a) 1% of the total value of our assets at the end of the applicable quarter or (b) $10,000,000, and (ii) we dispose of the
nonqualifying assets or otherwise satisfy such tests within (a) six months after the last day of the quarter in which the failure to
satisfy the asset tests is discovered or (b) the period of time prescribed by Treasury Regulations to be issued. For violations of any
of the asset tests due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and that are, in the case of the 5% and 10% asset tests, in
excess of the <I>de minimis</I> exception described above, we may avoid disqualification as a REIT after the 30-day cure period by taking
steps including (1) the disposition of sufficient nonqualifying assets, or the taking of other actions, which allow us to meet the asset
tests within (a) six months after the last day of the quarter in which the failure to satisfy the asset tests is discovered or (b) the
period of time prescribed by Treasury Regulations to be issued, (2) paying a tax equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 or (b) the U.S.&nbsp;federal
corporate income tax rate <U>multiplied by</U> the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets, and (3) disclosing certain information
to the IRS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Although we believe we have
satisfied the asset tests described above and plan to take steps to ensure that we satisfy such tests for any quarter with respect to
which retesting is to occur, there can be no assurance that we will always be successful, or will not require a reduction in our overall
interest in an issuer (including in a TRS). If we fail to cure any noncompliance with the asset tests in a timely manner, and the relief
provisions described above are not available, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Annual Distribution Requirements</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To maintain our qualification
as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our stockholders each year in an amount at
least equal to the sum of:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">90%
                                            of our REIT taxable income; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">90%
                                            of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; minus</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            excess of the sum of certain items of non-cash income over 5% of our REIT taxable income.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For these purposes, our &ldquo;REIT
taxable income&rdquo; is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain. In addition, for purposes
of this test, non-cash income generally means income attributable to leveled stepped rents, original issue discount, cancellation of
indebtedness, or a like-kind exchange that is later determined to be taxable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, our REIT taxable
income will be reduced by any taxes we are required to pay on any gain we recognize from the disposition of any asset we acquired from
a corporation which was or had been a C corporation in a transaction in which our tax basis in the asset was less than the fair market
value of the asset, in each case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset, within the five-year period following our
acquisition of such asset, as described above under &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the
Company&mdash;General.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as provided below,
a taxpayer&rsquo;s deduction for net business interest expense will generally be limited to 30% of its taxable income, as adjusted for
certain items of income, gain, deduction or loss. Any business interest deduction that is disallowed due to this limitation may be carried
forward to future taxable years, subject to special rules applicable to partnerships. If we or any of our subsidiary partnerships are
subject to this interest expense limitation, our REIT taxable income for a taxable year may be increased. Taxpayers that conduct certain
real estate businesses may elect not to have this interest expense limitation apply to them, provided that they use an alternative depreciation
system to depreciate certain property. We do not believe that we or any of our subsidiary partnerships will be eligible to make this
election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We generally must pay, or
be treated as paying, the distributions described above in the taxable year to which they relate. At our election, a distribution will
be treated as paid in a taxable year if it is declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and paid on or before the first
regular dividend payment after such declaration, provided such payment is made during the 12-month period following the close of such
year. These distributions are treated as received by our stockholders in the year in which they are paid. This is so even though these
distributions relate to the prior year for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement. In order to be taken into account for purposes
of our distribution requirement, except as provided below, the amount distributed must not be preferential &mdash; i.e., every stockholder
of the class of stock to which a distribution is made must be treated the same as every other stockholder of that class, and no class
of stock may be treated other than according to its dividend rights as a class. This preferential dividend limitation will not apply
to distributions made by us, provided we qualify as a &ldquo;publicly offered REIT.&rdquo; We believe that we are, and expect we will
continue to be, a &ldquo;publicly offered REIT.&rdquo; However, Subsidiary REITs we may own from time to time may not be publicly offered
REITs. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain, or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our REIT
taxable income, as adjusted, we will be required to pay regular U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate income tax on the undistributed amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that we have made,
and we intend to continue to make, timely distributions sufficient to satisfy these annual distribution requirements and to minimize
our corporate tax obligations. However, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these distribution
requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses, and the inclusion
of income and deduction of expenses in determining our taxable income. In addition, we may decide to retain our cash, rather than distribute
it, in order to repay debt or for other reasons. If these timing differences occur, we may borrow funds to pay dividends or pay dividends
in the form of taxable stock distributions in order to meet the distribution requirements, while preserving our cash. See &ldquo;Material
U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Income Tests&mdash;Phantom Income.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under certain circumstances,
we may be able to rectify an inadvertent failure to meet the 90% distribution requirement for a year by paying &ldquo;deficiency dividends&rdquo;
to our stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. In that case, we
may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, subject to the 4% excise tax described below. However,
we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction claimed for deficiency dividends. While the payment
of a deficiency dividend will apply to a prior year for purposes of our REIT distribution requirements, it will be treated as an additional
distribution to our stockholders in the year such dividend is paid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Furthermore, we will be required
to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of 85% of our ordinary income for
such year, 95% of our capital gain net income for the year and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods. Any ordinary income
and net capital gain on which U.S. federal corporate income tax is imposed for any year is treated as an amount distributed during that
year for purposes of calculating this excise tax.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of the 90% distribution
requirement and excise tax described above, dividends declared during the last three months of the taxable year, payable to stockholders
of record on a specified date during such period and paid during January of the following year, will be treated as paid by us and received
by our stockholders on December&nbsp;31 of the year in which they are declared.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Failure to Qualify</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we discover a violation
of a provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT, certain specified cure provisions may be available
to us. Except with respect to violations of the gross income tests and asset tests (for which the cure provisions are described above),
and provided the violation is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, these cure provisions generally impose a $50,000
penalty for each violation in lieu of a loss of REIT status. If we fail to satisfy the requirements for taxation as a REIT in any taxable
year, and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be required to pay regular U.S.&nbsp;federal corporate income tax, including any
applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income. Distributions to our stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify
as a REIT will not be deductible by us. As a result, we anticipate that our failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce the cash available
for distribution by us to our stockholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be required to distribute any amounts
to our stockholders and all distributions to our stockholders will be taxable as regular corporate dividends to the extent of our current
and accumulated earnings and profits. In such event, corporate stockholders may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. In
addition, non-corporate stockholders, including individuals, may be eligible for the preferential tax rates on qualified dividend income.
Non-corporate stockholders, including individuals, generally may deduct up to 20% of dividends from a REIT, other than capital gain dividends
and dividends treated as qualified dividend income, for taxable years beginning before January&nbsp;1, 2026 for purposes of determining
their U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax (but not for purposes of the 3.8% Medicare tax), subject to certain holding period requirements and
other limitations. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, such stockholders may not claim this deduction with respect to dividends paid by
us. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would also be ineligible to elect to be treated as a REIT for the
four taxable years following the year for which we lose our qualification. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we
would be entitled to this statutory relief.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders
of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following discussion
is a summary of the material U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax consequences to you of purchasing, owning and disposing of our capital stock
or debt securities. This discussion is limited to holders who hold our capital stock or debt securities as &ldquo;capital assets&rdquo;
within the meaning of Section&nbsp;1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all U.S.&nbsp;federal
income tax consequences relevant to a holder&rsquo;s particular circumstances, including the alternative minimum tax. In addition, except
where specifically noted, it does not address consequences relevant to holders subject to special rules, including, without limitation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">U.S.&nbsp;expatriates
                                            and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">U.S.&nbsp;Holders
                                            (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S.&nbsp;dollar;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">persons
                                            holding our capital stock or debt securities as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction
                                            strategy or as part of a conversion transaction or other integrated investment;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">banks,
                                            insurance companies, and other financial institutions;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">REITs
                                            or regulated investment companies;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">brokers,
                                            dealers or traders in securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&ldquo;controlled
                                            foreign corporations,&rdquo; &ldquo;passive foreign investment companies,&rdquo; and corporations
                                            that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">S
                                            corporations, partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for
                                            U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes (and investors therein);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">tax-exempt
                                            organizations or governmental organizations;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">persons
                                            subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect
                                            to our capital stock or debt securities being taken into account in an &ldquo;applicable
                                            financial statement&rdquo; (as defined in the Code);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">persons
                                            deemed to sell our capital stock or debt securities under the constructive sale provisions
                                            of the Code;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">tax-qualified
                                            retirement plans; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">persons
                                            who hold or receive our capital stock pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option
                                            or otherwise as compensation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL
PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED AS TAX ADVICE. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S.&nbsp;FEDERAL
INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR CAPITAL
STOCK OR DEBT SECURITIES ARISING UNDER OTHER U.S.&nbsp;FEDERAL TAX LAWS (INCLUDING ESTATE AND GIFT TAX LAWS), UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE,
LOCAL OR NON-U.S.&nbsp;TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this discussion,
a &ldquo;U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rdquo; is a beneficial owner of our capital stock or debt securities that, for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax
purposes, is or is treated as:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">an
                                            individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof,
                                            or the District of Columbia;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">an
                                            estate, the income of which is subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax regardless of its
                                            source; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S.&nbsp;court and the control
                                            of one or more &ldquo;United States persons&rdquo; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;7701(a)(30)
                                            of the Code) or (2) has a valid election in effect to be treated as a United States person
                                            for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this discussion,
a &ldquo;Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rdquo; is any beneficial owner of our capital stock or debt securities that is neither a U.S.&nbsp;Holder
nor an entity treated as a partnership for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If an entity treated as a
partnership for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes holds our capital stock or debt securities, the tax treatment of a partner in the
partnership will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner
level. Accordingly, partnerships holding our capital stock or debt securities and the partners in such partnerships should consult their
tax advisors regarding the U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax consequences to them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Taxation of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of
Our Capital Stock</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Distributions Generally</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Distributions out of our
current or accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as dividends and, other than with respect to capital gain dividends and certain
amounts which have previously been subject to corporate level tax, as discussed below, will be taxable to our taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders
as ordinary income when actually or constructively received. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal
Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital
Stock&mdash;Tax Rates&rdquo; below. As long as we qualify as a REIT, these distributions will not be eligible for the dividends-received
deduction in the case of U.S.&nbsp;Holders that are corporations or, except to the extent described in &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal
Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation
of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Tax Rates&rdquo; below, the preferential rates on qualified dividend income applicable
to non-corporate U.S.&nbsp;Holders, including individuals. For purposes of determining whether distributions to holders of our capital
stock are out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to our outstanding
preferred stock, if any, and then to our outstanding common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that we make
distributions on our capital stock in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits allocable to such stock, these distributions
will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to a U.S.&nbsp;Holder to the extent of the U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s adjusted tax
basis in such shares of stock. This treatment will reduce the U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s adjusted tax basis in such shares of stock by
such amount, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and in excess of a U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s
adjusted tax basis in its shares will be taxable as capital gain. Such gain will be taxable as long-term capital gain if the shares have
been held for more than one year. Dividends we declare in October, November, or December of any year and which are payable to a holder
of record on a specified date in any of these months will be treated as both paid by us and received by the holder on December&nbsp;31
of that year, provided we actually pay the dividend on or before January&nbsp;31 of the following year. U.S.&nbsp;Holders may not include
in their own income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">U.S.&nbsp;Holders that receive
taxable stock distributions, including distributions partially payable in our capital stock and partially payable in cash, would be required
to include the full amount of the distribution (i.e., the cash and the stock portion) as a dividend (subject to limited exceptions) to
the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes, as described above. The amount
of any distribution payable in our capital stock generally is equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of our
capital stock. Depending on the circumstances of a U.S.&nbsp;Holder, the tax on the distribution may exceed the amount of the distribution
received in cash, in which case such U.S.&nbsp;Holder would have to pay the tax using cash from other sources. If a U.S.&nbsp;Holder
sells our capital stock it received in connection with a taxable stock distribution in order to pay this tax and the proceeds of such
sale are less than the amount required to be included in income with respect to the stock portion of the distribution, such U.S.&nbsp;Holder
could have a capital loss with respect to the stock sale that could not be used to offset such income. A U.S.&nbsp;Holder that receives
our capital stock pursuant to such distribution generally has a tax basis in such capital stock equal to the amount of cash that could
have been received instead of such capital stock as described above, and has a holding period in such capital stock that begins on the
day immediately following the payment date for the distribution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Capital Gain Dividends</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Dividends that we properly
designate as capital gain dividends will generally be taxable to our taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders as a gain from the sale or disposition
of a capital asset held for more than one year, to the extent that such gain does not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable
year, and may not exceed our dividends paid for the taxable year, including dividends paid the following year that are treated as paid
in the current year. U.S.&nbsp;Holders that are corporations may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends
as ordinary income. If we properly designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend, then, except as otherwise required
by law, we presently intend to allocate a portion of the total capital gain dividends paid or made available to holders of all classes
of our capital stock for the year to the holders of each class of our capital stock in proportion to the amount that our total dividends,
as determined for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes, paid or made available to the holders of each such class of our capital stock
for the year bears to the total dividends, as determined for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes, paid or made available to holders
of all classes of our capital stock for the year. In addition, except as otherwise required by law, we will make a similar allocation
with respect to any undistributed long-term capital gains which are to be included in the long-term capital gains of our stockholders,
based on the allocation of the capital gain amount which would have resulted if those undistributed long-term capital gains had been
distributed as &ldquo;capital gain dividends&rdquo; by us to our stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Retention of Net Capital Gains</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may elect to retain, rather
than distribute as a capital gain dividend, all or a portion of our net capital gains. If we make this election, we would pay tax on
our retained net capital gains. In addition, to the extent we so elect, our earnings and profits (determined for U.S.&nbsp;federal income
tax purposes) would be adjusted accordingly, and a U.S.&nbsp;Holder generally would:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">include
                                            its pro rata share of our undistributed capital gain in computing its long-term capital gains
                                            in its U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax return for its taxable year in which the last day of
                                            our taxable year falls, subject to certain limitations as to the amount that is includable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">be
                                            deemed to have paid its share of the capital gains tax imposed on us on the designated amounts
                                            included in the U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s income as long-term capital gain;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">receive
                                            a credit or refund for the amount of tax deemed paid by it;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">increase
                                            the adjusted tax basis of our capital stock by the difference between the amount of includable
                                            gains and the tax deemed to have been paid by it; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">in
                                            the case of a U.S.&nbsp;Holder that is a corporation, appropriately adjust its earnings and
                                            profits for the retained capital gains in accordance with Treasury Regulations to be promulgated
                                            by the IRS.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Passive Activity Losses and Investment Interest
Limitations</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Distributions we make and
gain arising from the sale or exchange of our capital stock by a U.S.&nbsp;Holder will not be treated as passive activity income. As
a result, U.S.&nbsp;Holders generally will not be able to apply any &ldquo;passive losses&rdquo; against this income or gain. A U.S.&nbsp;Holder
generally may elect to treat capital gain dividends, capital gains from the disposition of our capital stock and income designated as
qualified dividend income, as described in &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income Tax Considerations
for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Tax Rates&rdquo;
below, as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation, but in such case, the holder will be taxed
at ordinary income rates on such amount. Other distributions we make, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally
will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Dispositions of Our Capital Stock</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as described below
under &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital
Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Redemption or Repurchase by Us,&rdquo;
if a U.S.&nbsp;Holder sells or disposes of shares of our capital stock, it will recognize gain or loss for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax
purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the sale
or other disposition and the U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s adjusted tax basis in the shares. This gain or loss, except as provided below,
will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S.&nbsp;Holder has held such capital stock for more than one year. However, if a U.S.&nbsp;Holder
recognizes a loss upon the sale or other disposition of our capital stock that it has held for six months or less, after applying certain
holding period rules, the loss recognized will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent the U.S.&nbsp;Holder received distributions
from us which were required to be treated as long-term capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Redemption or Repurchase by Us</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A redemption or repurchase
of shares of our capital stock will be treated under Section&nbsp;302 of the Code as a distribution (and taxable as a dividend to the
extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits as described above under &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal
Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital
Stock&mdash;Distributions Generally&rdquo;) unless the redemption or repurchase satisfies one of the tests set forth in Section&nbsp;302(b)
of the Code and is therefore treated as a sale or exchange of the redeemed or repurchased shares. The redemption or repurchase generally
will be treated as a sale or exchange if it:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">is
                                            &ldquo;substantially disproportionate&rdquo; with respect to the U.S.&nbsp;Holder,</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">results
                                            in a &ldquo;complete redemption&rdquo; of the U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s stock interest in
                                            us, or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">is
                                            &ldquo;not essentially equivalent to a dividend&rdquo; with respect to the U.S.&nbsp;Holder,</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">all within the meaning of Section&nbsp;302(b)
of the Code.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In determining whether any
of these tests has been met, shares of our capital stock, including common stock and other equity interests in us, considered to be owned
by the U.S.&nbsp;Holder by reason of certain constructive ownership rules set forth in the Code, as well as shares of our capital stock
actually owned by the U.S.&nbsp;Holder, generally must be taken into account. Because the determination as to whether any of the alternative
tests of Section&nbsp;302(b) of the Code will be satisfied with respect to the U.S.&nbsp;Holder depends upon the facts and circumstances
at the time that the determination must be made, U.S.&nbsp;Holders are advised to consult their tax advisors to determine such tax treatment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If a redemption or repurchase
of shares of our capital stock is treated as a distribution, the amount of the distribution will be measured by the amount of cash and
the fair market value of any property received. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income
Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Distributions
Generally.&rdquo; A U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s adjusted tax basis in the redeemed or repurchased shares generally will be transferred to
the holder&rsquo;s remaining shares of our capital stock, if any. If a U.S.&nbsp;Holder owns no other shares of our capital stock, under
certain circumstances, such basis may be transferred to a related person or it may be lost entirely. Prospective investors should consult
their tax advisors regarding the U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax consequences of a redemption or repurchase of our capital stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If a redemption or repurchase
of shares of our capital stock is not treated as a distribution, it will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange in the manner described
under &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital
Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Dispositions of Our Capital Stock.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Tax Rates</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The maximum tax rate for
non-corporate taxpayers for (1) long-term capital gains, including certain &ldquo;capital gain dividends,&rdquo; is generally 20% (although
depending on the characteristics of the assets which produced these gains and on designations which we may make, certain capital gain
dividends may be taxed at a 25% rate) and (2) &ldquo;qualified dividend income&rdquo; is generally 20%. In general, dividends payable
by REITs are not eligible for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, except to the extent that certain holding period requirements
have been met and the REIT&rsquo;s dividends are attributable to dividends received from taxable corporations (such as its TRSs) or to
income that was subject to tax at the corporate/REIT level (for example, if the REIT distributed taxable income that it retained and
paid tax on in the prior taxable year). Capital gain dividends will only be eligible for the rates described above to the extent that
they are properly designated by the REIT as &ldquo;capital gain dividends.&rdquo; U.S.&nbsp;Holders that are corporations may be required
to treat up to 20% of some capital gain dividends as ordinary income. In addition, non-corporate U.S.&nbsp;Holders, including individuals,
generally may deduct up to 20% of dividends from a REIT, other than capital gain dividends and dividends treated as qualified dividend
income, for taxable years beginning before January&nbsp;1, 2026 for purposes of determining their U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax (but not
for purposes of the 3.8% Medicare tax), subject to certain holding period requirements and other limitations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Taxation of Tax-Exempt Holders of Our Capital
Stock</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Dividend income from us and
gain arising upon a sale of shares of our capital stock generally should not be unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI, to a tax-exempt
holder, except as described below. This income or gain will be UBTI, however, to the extent a tax-exempt holder holds its shares as &ldquo;debt-financed
property&rdquo; within the meaning of the Code or if we hold an asset that gives rise to &ldquo;excess inclusion income.&rdquo; See &ldquo;Material
U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Excess Inclusion Income.&rdquo; Generally, &ldquo;debt-financed
property&rdquo; is property the acquisition or holding of which was financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For tax-exempt holders that
are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations or supplemental unemployment benefit trusts exempt from U.S.&nbsp;federal income
taxation under Sections&nbsp;501(c)(7), (c)(9) or (c)(17) of the Code, respectively, income from an investment in our capital stock will
constitute UBTI unless the organization is able to properly claim a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for specific
purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our stock. These prospective investors should consult their tax advisors
concerning these &ldquo;set aside&rdquo; and reserve requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the above,
however, a portion of the dividends paid by a &ldquo;pension-held REIT&rdquo; may be treated as UBTI as to certain trusts that hold more
than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. A REIT will not be a &ldquo;pension-held REIT&rdquo; if it is able to satisfy the &ldquo;not
closely held&rdquo; requirement without relying on the &ldquo;look-through&rdquo; exception with respect to certain trusts or if such
REIT is not &ldquo;predominantly held&rdquo; by &ldquo;qualified trusts.&rdquo; As a result of restrictions on ownership and transfer
of our capital stock contained in our charter, we do not expect to be classified as a &ldquo;pension-held REIT,&rdquo; and as a result,
the tax treatment described above should be inapplicable to the holders of our capital stock. However, because our common stock is (and,
we anticipate, will continue to be) publicly traded, we cannot guarantee that this will always be the case.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Taxation of Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our
Capital Stock</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following discussion
addresses the rules governing U.S.&nbsp;federal income taxation of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our capital stock by Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders.
These rules are complex, and no attempt is made herein to provide more than a brief summary of such rules. Accordingly, the discussion
does not address all aspects of U.S.&nbsp;federal income taxation and does not address other U.S.&nbsp;federal, state, local or non-U.S.&nbsp;tax
consequences that may be relevant to a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder in light of its particular circumstances. We urge Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders to
consult their tax advisors to determine the impact of U.S.&nbsp;federal, state, local and non-U.S.&nbsp;income and other tax laws and
any applicable tax treaty on the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of our capital stock, including any reporting requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Distributions Generally</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Distributions (including
any taxable stock distributions) that are neither attributable to gains from sales or exchanges by us of United States real property
interests, or USRPIs, nor designated by us as capital gain dividends (except as described below) will be treated as dividends of ordinary
income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such distributions ordinarily will be
subject to withholding of U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax
treaty, unless the distributions are treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder of a trade or business
within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder maintains a permanent establishment
in the United States to which such dividends are attributable). Under certain treaties, however, lower withholding rates generally applicable
to dividends do not apply to dividends from a REIT. In addition, any portion of the dividends paid to Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders that are
treated as excess inclusion income will not be eligible for exemption from the 30% withholding tax or a reduced treaty rate. See &ldquo;Material
U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Taxation of the Company&mdash;Excess Inclusion Income.&rdquo; Certain certification
and disclosure requirements must be satisfied for a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder to be exempt from withholding under the effectively connected
income exemption. Dividends that are treated as effectively connected with a U.S.&nbsp;trade or business (through a U.S.&nbsp;permanent
establishment, where applicable) generally will not be subject to withholding but will be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax on
a net basis at the regular rates, in the same manner as dividends paid to U.S.&nbsp;Holders are subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax.
Any such dividends received by a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder that is a corporation may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax at
a 30% rate (applicable after deducting U.S.&nbsp;federal income taxes paid on such effectively connected income) or such lower rate as
may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided
below, we expect to withhold U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax at the rate of 30% on any distributions made to a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">a
                                            lower treaty rate applies and the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder furnishes an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E
                                            (or other applicable documentation) evidencing eligibility for that reduced treaty rate;
                                            or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder furnishes an IRS Form W-8ECI (or other applicable documentation) claiming
                                            that the distribution is income effectively connected with the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s
                                            trade or business.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Distributions in excess of
our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder to the extent that such distributions
do not exceed the adjusted tax basis of the holder&rsquo;s shares of our capital stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted tax basis
of such shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s adjusted tax basis in such shares, they
will generally give rise to gain from the sale or exchange of such shares, the tax treatment of which is described below. However, such
excess distributions may be treated as dividend income for certain Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders. For withholding purposes, we expect to treat
all distributions as made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. However, amounts withheld may be refundable if it is
subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, provided that
certain conditions are met.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Capital Gain Dividends and Distributions Attributable
to a Sale or Exchange of United States Real Property Interests</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Distributions to a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder
that we properly designate as capital gain dividends, other than those arising from the disposition of a USRPI, generally should not
be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income taxation, unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>the
                                            investment in our capital stock is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the
                                            Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by
                                            an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder maintains a permanent establishment
                                            in the United States to which such dividends are attributable), in which case the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder
                                            will be subject to the same treatment as U.S.&nbsp;Holders with respect to such gain, except
                                            that a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder that is a corporation may also be subject to a branch profits
                                            tax of up to 30%, as discussed above; or</TD></TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 20px"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 20px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>the
                                            Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States
                                            for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met, in which
                                            case the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder will be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax at a rate of
                                            30% on the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s capital gains (or such lower rate specified by an
                                            applicable income tax treaty), which may be offset by U.S.&nbsp;source capital losses of
                                            such Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the
                                            United States), provided the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder has timely filed U.S.&nbsp;federal income
                                            tax returns with respect to such losses.</TD></TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the Foreign Investment
in Real Property Tax Act, or FIRPTA, distributions to a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by
us of USRPIs, whether or not designated as capital gain dividends, will cause the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder to be treated as recognizing such
gain as income effectively connected with a U.S.&nbsp;trade or business. Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders generally would be taxed at the regular
rates applicable to U.S.&nbsp;Holders, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the
case of nonresident alien individuals. We also will be required to withhold and to remit to the IRS 21% of any distribution to Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders
attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of USRPIs. Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to a 30% branch profits
tax in the hands of a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder that is a corporation. The amount withheld is creditable against the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s
U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax liability. However, any distribution with respect to any class of stock that is &ldquo;regularly traded,&rdquo;
as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market located in the United States is not subject to FIRPTA,
and therefore, not subject to the 21% U.S.&nbsp;withholding tax described above, if the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder did not own more than 10%
of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution. Instead, such distributions generally
will be treated as ordinary dividend distributions and subject to withholding in the manner described above with respect to ordinary
dividends. In addition, distributions to certain non-U.S.&nbsp;publicly traded shareholders that meet certain record-keeping and other
requirements, or qualified shareholders, are exempt from FIRPTA, except to the extent owners of such qualified shareholders that are
not also qualified shareholders own, actually or constructively, more than 10% of our capital stock. Furthermore, distributions to certain
 &ldquo;qualified foreign pension funds&rdquo; or entities all of the interests of which are held by such &ldquo;qualified foreign pension
funds&rdquo; are exempt from FIRPTA. Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Retention of Net Capital Gains</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Although the law is not clear
on the matter, it appears that amounts we designate as retained net capital gains in respect of our capital stock should be treated with
respect to Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders as actual distributions of capital gain dividends. Under this approach, the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders may
be able to offset as a credit against their U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax liability their proportionate share of the tax that we paid
on such retained net capital gains and to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent their proportionate share of such tax that we paid
exceeds their actual U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax liability. If we were to designate any portion of our net capital gain as retained
net capital gain, Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the taxation of such retained net capital gain.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Sale of Our Capital Stock</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as described below
under &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital
Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Redemption or Repurchase by Us,&rdquo; gain
realized by a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our capital stock generally will not be subject
to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax unless such stock constitutes a USRPI. In general, stock of a domestic corporation that constitutes a
 &ldquo;United States real property holding corporation&rdquo;, or a &ldquo;USRPHC&rdquo;, will constitute a USRPI unless certain exceptions
apply. A domestic corporation will constitute a USRPHC if 50% or more of the corporation&rsquo;s assets on any of certain testing dates
during a prescribed testing period consist of interests in real property located within the United States, excluding for this purpose,
interests in real property solely in a capacity as creditor. We do not believe we are currently, and do not anticipate becoming, a USRPHC.
However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our USRPIs relative to the fair market
value of our non-U.S.&nbsp;real property interests and our other business assets, there can be no assurance we currently are not a USRPHC
or will not become one in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Even if we were a USRPHC,
our capital stock will not constitute a USRPI so long as we are a &ldquo;domestically controlled qualified investment entity.&rdquo;
A &ldquo;domestically controlled qualified investment entity&rdquo; includes a REIT in which at all times during a five-year testing
period less than 50% in value of its stock is held directly or indirectly by non-United States persons, subject to certain ownership
rules. For purposes of determining whether a REIT is a &ldquo;domestically controlled qualified investment entity,&rdquo; ownership by
non-United States persons generally will be determined by looking through certain pass-through entities and U.S. corporations, including
non-public REITs and certain non-public foreign-controlled domestic C corporations, and treating a public qualified investment entity
as a non-United States person unless such entity is a &ldquo;domestically controlled qualified investment entity.&rdquo; Notwithstanding
the foregoing ownership rules, a person who at all applicable times holds less than 5% of a class of a REIT&rsquo;s stock that is &ldquo;regularly
traded&rdquo; on an established securities market in the United States is treated as a United States person unless the REIT has actual
knowledge that such person is not a United States person or is a foreign-controlled person. Although we believe that we are a &ldquo;domestically
controlled qualified investment entity,&rdquo; because our common stock is (and, we anticipate, will continue to be) publicly traded,
we cannot make any assurance that we will remain a &ldquo;domestically controlled qualified investment entity.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Even if we were a USRPHC
and we do not qualify as a &ldquo;domestically controlled qualified investment entity&rdquo; at the time a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder sells
our capital stock, gain realized from the sale or other taxable disposition by a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder of such capital stock would not
be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax under FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">such
                                            class of stock is &ldquo;regularly traded,&rdquo; as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations,
                                            on an established securities market, such as the NYSE, and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">such
                                            Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder owned, actually and constructively, 10% or less of such class of stock
                                            throughout the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or other taxable
                                            disposition or the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s holding period.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, dispositions
of our capital stock by qualified shareholders are exempt from FIRPTA, except to the extent owners of such qualified shareholders that
are not also qualified shareholders own, actually or constructively, more than 10% of our capital stock. Furthermore, dispositions of
our capital stock by certain &ldquo;qualified foreign pension funds&rdquo; or entities all of the interests of which are held by such
 &ldquo;qualified foreign pension funds&rdquo; are exempt from FIRPTA. Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding
the application of these rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the foregoing,
gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our capital stock not otherwise subject to FIRPTA will be taxable to a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder
if either (a) the investment in our capital stock is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder of
a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder maintains
a permanent establishment in the United States to which such gain is attributable), in which case the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder will be subject
to the same treatment as U.S.&nbsp;Holders with respect to such gain, except that a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder that is a corporation may also
be subject to the 30% branch profits tax (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such gain, as
adjusted for certain items, or (b) the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for
183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met, in which case the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder will be subject
to a 30% tax on the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s capital gains (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty), which
may be offset by U.S.&nbsp;source capital losses of the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident
of the United States), provided the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder has timely filed U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax returns with respect to such losses.
In addition, even if we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon disposition of our capital stock, a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder
may be treated as having gain from the sale or other taxable disposition of a USRPI if the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder (1) disposes of such
stock within a 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have
been treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI and (2) acquires, or enters into a contract or option to acquire, or is deemed
to acquire, other shares of that stock during the 61-day period beginning with the first day of the 30-day period described in clause&nbsp;(1),
unless such class of stock is &ldquo;regularly traded&rdquo; and the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder did not own more than 10% of such class of
stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution described in clause&nbsp;(1).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If gain on the sale, exchange
or other taxable disposition of our capital stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder would be required to
file a U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax return and would be subject to regular U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax with respect to such gain in
the same manner as a taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holder (subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax
in the case of nonresident alien individuals). In addition, if the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our capital stock were
subject to taxation under FIRPTA and if shares of the applicable class of our capital stock were not &ldquo;regularly traded&rdquo; on
an established securities market, the purchaser of such capital stock generally would be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 15%
of the purchase price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Redemption or Repurchase by Us</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A redemption or repurchase
of shares of our capital stock will be treated under Section&nbsp;302 of the Code as a distribution (and taxable as a dividend to the
extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) unless the redemption or repurchase satisfies one of the tests set forth
in Section&nbsp;302(b) of the Code and is therefore treated as a sale or exchange of the redeemed or repurchased shares. See &ldquo;Material
U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation
of Taxable U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Redemption or Repurchase by Us.&rdquo; Qualified shareholders and their owners
may be subject to different rules, and should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of such rules. If the redemption or
repurchase of shares is treated as a distribution, the amount of the distribution will be measured by the amount of cash and the fair
market value of any property received. See &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income Tax Considerations
for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Distributions
Generally&rdquo; above. If the redemption or repurchase of shares is not treated as a distribution, it will be treated as a taxable sale
or exchange in the manner described above under &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal Income Tax
Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders of Our Capital Stock&mdash;Sale
of Our Capital Stock.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Taxation of Holders of Our Debt Securities</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following summary describes
certain material U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of our debt securities. This discussion
assumes the debt securities will be issued with less than a statutory <I>de minimis</I> amount of original issue discount for U.S.&nbsp;federal
income tax purposes. In addition, this discussion is limited to persons purchasing the debt securities for cash at original issue and
at their original &ldquo;issue price&rdquo; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;1273 of the Code (i.e., the first price at which a substantial
amount of the debt securities is sold to the public for cash).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>U.S.&nbsp;Holders</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Payments of Interest</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Interest on a debt security
generally will be taxable to a U.S.&nbsp;Holder as ordinary income at the time such interest is received or accrued, in accordance with
such U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s method of accounting for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Sale or Other Taxable Disposition</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A U.S.&nbsp;Holder will recognize
gain or loss on the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a debt security. The amount of such gain or
loss generally will be equal to the difference between the amount received for the debt security in cash or other property valued at
fair market value (less amounts attributable to any accrued but unpaid interest, which will be taxable as interest to the extent not
previously included in income) and the U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s adjusted tax basis in the debt security. A U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s adjusted
tax basis in a debt security generally will be equal to the amount the U.S.&nbsp;Holder paid for the debt security. Any gain or loss
generally will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S.&nbsp;Holder has held the debt security
for more than one year at the time of such sale or other taxable disposition. Otherwise, such gain or loss will be short-term capital
gain or loss. Long-term capital gains recognized by certain non-corporate U.S.&nbsp;Holders, including individuals, generally will be
taxable at reduced rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Payments of Interest</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Interest paid on a debt security
to a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder that is not effectively connected with the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s conduct of a trade or business within
the United States generally will not be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax, or withholding tax, provided that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder does not, actually or constructively, own 10% or more of the total combined
                                            voting power of all classes of our voting stock;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder is not a controlled foreign corporation related to us through actual
                                            or constructive stock ownership; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">either
                                            (1) the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder certifies in a statement provided to the applicable withholding
                                            agent under penalties of perjury that it is not a United States person and provides its name
                                            and address; (2) a securities clearing organization, bank or other financial institution
                                            that holds customers&rsquo; securities in the ordinary course of its trade or business and
                                            holds the debt security on behalf of the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder certifies to the applicable
                                            withholding agent under penalties of perjury that it, or the financial institution between
                                            it and the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder, has received from the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder a statement under
                                            penalties of perjury that such holder is not a United States person and provides the applicable
                                            withholding agent with a copy of such statement; or (3) the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder holds its
                                            debt security directly through a &ldquo;qualified intermediary&rdquo; (within the meaning
                                            of the applicable Treasury Regulations) and certain conditions are satisfied.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder
does not satisfy the requirements above, such Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder will be subject to withholding tax of 30%, subject to a reduction
in or an exemption from withholding on such interest as a result of an applicable tax treaty. To claim such entitlement, the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder
must provide the applicable withholding agent with a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable documentation)
claiming a reduction in or exemption from withholding tax under the benefit of an income tax treaty between the United States and the
country in which the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder resides or is established.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If interest paid to a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder
is effectively connected with the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required
by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such interest
is attributable), the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder will be exempt from the U.S.&nbsp;federal withholding tax described above. To claim the exemption,
the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder must furnish to the applicable withholding agent a valid IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that interest paid on a
debt security is not subject to withholding tax because it is effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder of a
trade or business within the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any such effectively connected
interest generally will be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax at the regular rates. A Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder that is a corporation
may also be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such
effectively connected interest, as adjusted for certain items.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The certifications described
above must be provided to the applicable withholding agent prior to the payment of interest and must be updated periodically. Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders
that do not timely provide the applicable withholding agent with the required certification, but that qualify for a reduced rate under
an applicable income tax treaty, may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund
with the IRS.&nbsp;Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their entitlement to benefits under any applicable
income tax treaty.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Sale or Other Taxable Disposition</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder will
not be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable
disposition of a debt security (such amount excludes any amount allocable to accrued and unpaid interest, which generally will be treated
as interest and may be subject to the rules discussed above in &ldquo;Material U.S.&nbsp;Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Federal
Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Capital Stock and Debt Securities&mdash;Taxation of Holders of Our Debt Securities&mdash;Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders&mdash;Payments
of Interest&rdquo;) unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s conduct of a trade or
                                            business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the
                                            Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such
                                            gain is attributable); or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder is a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for 183
                                            days or more during the taxable year of the disposition and certain other requirements are
                                            met.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Gain described in the first
bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular rates. A Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder
that is a corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income
tax treaty) on such effectively connected gain, as adjusted for certain items.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder described
in the second bullet point above will be subject to U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an
applicable income tax treaty) on gain realized upon the sale or other taxable disposition of a debt security, which may be offset by
U.S.&nbsp;source capital losses of the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States),
provided the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder has timely filed U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax returns with respect to such losses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders should
consult their tax advisors regarding any applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Information Reporting and Backup Withholding</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>U.S.&nbsp;Holders</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A U.S.&nbsp;Holder may be
subject to information reporting and backup withholding when such holder receives payments on our capital stock or debt securities or
proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of our capital stock or debt securities (including a redemption or retirement of
a debt security). Certain U.S.&nbsp;Holders are exempt from backup withholding, including corporations and certain tax-exempt organizations.
A U.S.&nbsp;Holder will be subject to backup withholding if such holder is not otherwise exempt and:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            holder fails to furnish the holder&rsquo;s taxpayer identification number, which for an individual
                                            is ordinarily his or her social security number;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            holder furnishes an incorrect taxpayer identification number;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            applicable withholding agent is notified by the IRS that the holder previously failed to
                                            properly report payments of interest or dividends; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            holder fails to certify under penalties of perjury that the holder has furnished a correct
                                            taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified the holder that the holder
                                            is subject to backup withholding.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Backup withholding is not
an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s
U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;Holders should
consult their tax advisors regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and the procedures for obtaining such
an exemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holders</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Payments of dividends on
our capital stock or interest on our debt securities generally will not be subject to backup withholding, provided the applicable withholding
agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know the holder is a United States person and the holder either certifies its non-U.S.&nbsp;status,
such as by furnishing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or W-8ECI, or otherwise establishes an exemption. However, information returns
are required to be filed with the IRS in connection with any distributions on our capital stock or interest on our debt securities paid
to the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder, regardless of whether such distributions constitute a dividend or whether any tax was actually withheld.
In addition, proceeds of the sale or other taxable disposition of our capital stock or debt securities (including a retirement or redemption
of a debt security) within the United States or conducted through certain U.S.-related brokers generally will not be subject to backup
withholding or information reporting, if the applicable withholding agent receives the certification described above and does not have
actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a United States person, or the holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Proceeds
of a disposition of our capital stock or debt securities conducted through a non-U.S.&nbsp;office of a non-U.S.&nbsp;broker generally
will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Copies of information returns
that are filed with the IRS may also be made available under the provisions of an applicable treaty or agreement to the tax authorities
of the country in which the Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder resides or is established.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Backup withholding is not
an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a Non-U.S.&nbsp;Holder&rsquo;s
U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Medicare Contribution Tax on Unearned Income</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain U.S.&nbsp;Holders
that are individuals, estates or trusts are required to pay an additional 3.8% tax on, among other things, dividends on stock, interest
on debt obligations and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or debt obligations, subject to certain limitations.
U.S.&nbsp;Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of these rules on their ownership and disposition of
our capital stock or debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Additional Withholding Tax on Payments
Made to Foreign Accounts</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Withholding taxes may be
imposed under Sections&nbsp;1471 to 1474 of the Code (such Sections&nbsp;commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act,
or &ldquo;FATCA&rdquo;) on certain types of payments made to non-U.S.&nbsp;financial institutions and certain other non-U.S.&nbsp;entities.
Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on dividends on our capital stock, interest on our debt securities, or (subject to
the proposed Treasury Regulations discussed below) gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our capital stock or debt securities,
in each case paid to a &ldquo;foreign financial institution&rdquo; or a &ldquo;non-financial foreign entity&rdquo; (each as defined in
the Code), unless (1) the foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence and reporting obligations, (2) the non-financial
foreign entity either certifies it does not have any &ldquo;substantial United States owners&rdquo; (as defined in the Code) or furnishes
identifying information regarding each substantial United States owner, or (3) the foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign
entity otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules. If the payee is a foreign financial institution and is subject to the diligence
and reporting requirements in clause&nbsp;(1) above, it must enter into an agreement with the U.S.&nbsp;Department of the Treasury requiring,
among other things, that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain &ldquo;specified United States persons&rdquo; or &ldquo;United
States owned foreign entities&rdquo; (each as defined in the Code), annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold
30% on certain payments to non-compliant foreign financial institutions and certain other account holders. Foreign financial institutions
located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different
rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Under the applicable Treasury
Regulations and administrative guidance, withholding under FATCA generally applies to payments of dividends on our capital stock or interest
on our debt securities. While withholding under FATCA would have applied also to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition
of our capital stock or debt securities on or after January&nbsp;1, 2019, proposed Treasury Regulations eliminate FATCA withholding on
payments of gross proceeds entirely. Taxpayers generally may rely on these proposed Treasury Regulations until final Treasury Regulations
are issued. Because we may not know the extent to which a distribution is a dividend for U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax purposes at the
time it is made, for purposes of these withholding rules we may treat the entire distribution as a dividend.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Prospective investors should
consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of withholding under FATCA to their investment in our capital stock or
debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Other Tax Consequences</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">State, local and non-U.S.&nbsp;income
tax laws may differ substantially from the corresponding U.S.&nbsp;federal income tax laws, and this discussion does not purport to describe
any aspect of the tax laws of any state, local or non-U.S.&nbsp;jurisdiction, or any U.S.&nbsp;federal tax other than income tax. You
should consult your tax advisors regarding the effect of state, local and non-U.S.&nbsp;tax laws with respect to our tax treatment as
a REIT and on an investment in our capital stock or debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_017"></A>PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may distribute the securities
from time to time in one or more transactions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">through
                                            underwriters or dealers;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">through
                                            agents;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">directly
                                            to one or more purchasers; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">through
                                            a combination of any of these methods of sale.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will identify the specific
plan of distribution, including any underwriters, dealers, agents or direct purchasers and their compensation in the applicable prospectus
supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_018"></A>VALIDITY
OF THE SECURITIES</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The validity of certain securities
will be passed upon for us by Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland. The validity of the debt securities and certain tax matters will be passed
upon for us by Latham &amp; Watkins LLP.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_019"></A>EXPERTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The financial statements
and management&rsquo;s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting incorporated by reference in this
prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so incorporated by reference in reliance upon the reports of Grant Thornton
LLP, independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_020"></A>INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The SEC&rsquo;s rules allow
us to &ldquo;incorporate by reference&rdquo; information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information
to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be
part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information.
Any statement contained in this prospectus or a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or
superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or a subsequently filed document
incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus and any accompanying
prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our
                                            <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000093023625000007/rwt-20241231.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on March 3, 2025</A>;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our
                                            Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465925004470/tm253198d6_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January&nbsp;17, 2025</A> and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465925007232/tm254646d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">January 29, 2025</A>;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000093023624000014/rwt-20240402.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">our Definitive Proxy Statement with respect to the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on April 2, 2024</A> (solely to the extent specifically incorporated by
                                            reference into our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000093023624000009/rwt-20231231.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023</A>);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the
                                            description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/0000950149-98-000013.txt" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 8-A, dated January 7, 1998, filed with the SEC on January 7, 1998</A>, as updated by <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000093023621000007/rwtex414q20.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Exhibit&nbsp;4.1</A> to
                                            our <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000093023621000007/rwt-20201231.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2020, which was filed with the SEC on February&nbsp;26, 2021</A>, including any amendment or report filed with
                                            the SEC for the purpose of updating such description; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">all
                                            documents filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. with the SEC pursuant to Sections&nbsp;13(a), 13(c),
                                            14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination
                                            of the offering (but excluding any items, documents, or portions of items or documents which
                                            are deemed &ldquo;furnished&rdquo; and not filed with the SEC, including our Compensation
                                            Committee report and performance graph or any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02
                                            or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You may request a free copy
of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus by writing or telephoning us at the following address:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Redwood Trust, Inc.<BR>
Attn: Investor Relations<BR>
One Belvedere Place, Suite 300<BR>
Mill Valley, CA 94941<BR>
(866) 269-4976</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Exhibits&nbsp;to the filings
will not be sent, however, unless those exhibits have specifically been incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying
prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><A NAME="har_021"></A>WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We file reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information
about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our website address is http://www.redwoodtrust.com.
The information contained on our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus or any other report
or filing filed with the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus and any prospectus
supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration
statement. We have omitted certain parts of the registration statement, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. The full
registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided above. The indenture and forms of other documents establishing
the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement or documents incorporated by reference
in the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries, which
are not necessarily complete, and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should
refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement
through the SEC&rsquo;s website, as provided above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="har_022"></A>PART II<BR>
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Item 14. Other Expenses
of Issuance and Distribution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table itemizes
the expenses incurred by the Registrant in connection with the issuance and registration of the securities being registered hereunder.
All amounts shown are estimates except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">SEC
    registration fee&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(1</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">FINRA filing
    fee&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Printing and
    engraving expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Legal fees
    and expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Accounting
    fees and expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Blue Sky, qualification
    fees and expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Fees of rating
    agencies&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Trustee fees
    and expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Transfer agent
    fees and expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">NYSE listing
    fees&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Federal and
    state taxes and fees&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Miscellaneous
    fees and expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Total&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin: 1pt 5.5in 1pt 0in"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 0.5pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Under SEC Rules 456(b) and 457(r), the SEC
                                            registration fee will be paid at the time of any particular offering of securities under
                                            the registration statement, and is therefore not currently determinable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">These fees are calculated based on the securities
                                            offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Item 15. Indemnification
of Directors and Officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Maryland law permits a Maryland
corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders
for money damages except for liability resulting from (a)&nbsp;actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property, or
services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. The charter
of the registrant contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The charter and bylaws of
the registrant require it, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses
in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any present or former director or officer or (b) any individual who, while a director
or officer of the registrant and at the request of the registrant, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, or trustee of
another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or any other enterprise
from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her
service in any such capacity. The bylaws of the registrant establish certain procedures for indemnification and advance of expenses pursuant
to applicable law and the registrant&rsquo;s charter. The charter and bylaws also permit the registrant to indemnify and advance expenses
to any person who served a predecessor of the registrant in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of the
registrant or a predecessor of the registrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The MGCL requires a corporation
(unless its charter provides otherwise, which the registrant&rsquo;s charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been
successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party
by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers,
among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any
proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless
it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and
(i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b)&nbsp;the director or officer actually
received an improper personal benefit in money, property, or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or
officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not
indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal
benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL
permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation&rsquo;s receipt of (a) a written affirmation
by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification
by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the
corporation if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct was not met.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Item 16. <I>Exhibits</I>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 10%"><B>Exhibit<BR> Number</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 88%"><B>Description</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underwriting Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment and
    Restatement of the Registrant, effective July&nbsp;6, 1994 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Quarterly Report
    on Form 10-Q, Exhibit&nbsp;3.1, filed on August&nbsp;6, 2008) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles Supplementary
    of the Registrant, effective August&nbsp;10, 1994 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
    Exhibit&nbsp;3.1.1, filed on August&nbsp;6, 2008) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles Supplementary
    of the Registrant, effective August&nbsp;11, 1995 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
    Exhibit&nbsp;3.1.2, filed on August&nbsp;6, 2008) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.4</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles Supplementary
    of the Registrant, effective August&nbsp;9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
    Exhibit&nbsp;3.1.3, filed on August&nbsp;6, 2008) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.5</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate of Amendment
    of the Registrant, effective June&nbsp;30, 1998 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
    Exhibit&nbsp;3.1.4, filed on August&nbsp;6, 2008) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.6</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x5.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles Supplementary
    of the Registrant, effective April&nbsp;7, 2003 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
    Exhibit&nbsp;3.1.5, filed on August&nbsp;6, 2008) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.7</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420408044180/v121810_ex3-1x6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment of
    the Registrant, effective June&nbsp;12, 2008 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
    Exhibit&nbsp;3.1.6, filed on August&nbsp;6, 2008) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420409028950/v150501_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.8</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420409028950/v150501_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment of
    the Registrant, effective May&nbsp;19, 2009 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit&nbsp;3.1,
    filed on May&nbsp;21, 2009) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420411031423/v223334_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.9</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420411031423/v223334_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment of
    the Registrant, effective May&nbsp;24, 2011 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit&nbsp;3.1,
    filed on May&nbsp;20, 2011) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420412031009/v313876_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.10</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420412031009/v313876_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment of
    the Registrant, effective May&nbsp;18, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit&nbsp;3.1,
    filed on May&nbsp;21, 2012) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420413030794/v345819_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.11</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420413030794/v345819_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment of
    the Registrant, effective May&nbsp;16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit&nbsp;3.1,
    filed on May&nbsp;21, 2013) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420419027121/tv521764_ex3-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.12</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420419027121/tv521764_ex3-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment of
    the Registrant, effective May&nbsp;15, 2019 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit&nbsp;3.1,
    filed on May&nbsp;17, 2019) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465920073431/tm2022471d1_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.13</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465920073431/tm2022471d1_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment of
    the Registrant, effective June&nbsp;15, 2020 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, Exhibit&nbsp;3.1,
    filed on June&nbsp;15, 2020) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465923003856/tm232177d6_ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1.14</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465923003856/tm232177d6_ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment of
    the Registrant, effective January 13, 2023 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-A, Exhibit&nbsp;3.2, filed
    on January 13, 2023) (File No.&nbsp;001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000093023623000008/rwtex324q22.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000093023623000008/rwtex324q22.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as adopted on November 2, 2022 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report
on Form 10-K, Exhibit 3.2, filed on March 1, 2023) (File No. 001-13759).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/0000950149-96-001081.txt" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/0000950149-96-001081.txt" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Common Stock Certificate
    (incorporated by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No.&nbsp;333-08363), Exhibit&nbsp;4.3,
    filed on August&nbsp;6, 1996) (File No.&nbsp;333-08363)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Preferred Stock
    Certificate</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 10%"><B>Exhibit<BR> Number</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 88%"><B>Description</B></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 10%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465923003856/tm232177d6_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 88%"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465923003856/tm232177d6_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Preferred
    Stock Certificate for the Registrant&rsquo;s 10.00% Series A Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated
    by reference to the Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-A, Exhibit 4.1, filed on January 13, 2023) (File No. 001-13759)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Debt Security</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex4-5.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex4-5.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Indenture</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.7*</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Warrant Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420413013311/v337082_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000114420413013311/v337082_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indenture, dated March&nbsp;6,
    2013, between Redwood Trust, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&nbsp;4.1
    to the Registrant&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed March&nbsp;6, 2013)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465924005337/tm243330d6_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.9</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465924005337/tm243330d6_ex4-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fourth Supplemental Indenture,
    dated January 22, 2024, between Redwood Trust, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (including the form of
    9.125% Senior Note due 2029) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&nbsp;4.2 to the Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-A, filed on January
    22, 2024)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465924072505/tm2417436d1_ex4-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.10</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465924072505/tm2417436d1_ex4-4.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fifth Supplemental Indenture,
    dated June 18, 2024, between Redwood Trust, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (including the form of 9.00%
    Senior Note due 2029) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&nbsp;4.4 to the Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-A, filed on June 18, 2024)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465925004244/tm253198d5_ex4-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.11</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/930236/000110465925004244/tm253198d5_ex4-6.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sixth Supplemental Indenture,
    dated January 17, 2025, between Redwood Trust, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (including the form of
    9.125% Senior Note due 2030) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&nbsp;4.6 to the Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-A, filed on January
    17, 2025)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion of Venable LLP</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex5-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex5-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion of Latham &amp;
    Watkins LLP</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex8-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex8-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion of Latham &amp;
    Watkins LLP</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex23-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Grant Thornton
    LLP</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.2</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex5-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Venable LLP
    (contained in Exhibit&nbsp;5.1)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex5-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.3</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex5-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Latham &amp;
    Watkins LLP (contained in Exhibit&nbsp;5.2)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex8-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.4</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex8-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Latham &amp;
    Watkins LLP (contained in Exhibit&nbsp;8.1)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="#poa_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="#poa_001"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Power of Attorney (included
    on signature page to this registration statement)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex25-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25.1</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex25-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Statement of Eligibility
    of Trustee on Form T-1</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex-filingfees.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">107</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="tm257741d1_ex-filingfees.htm"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filing Fee Table</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin: 1pt 5.5in 1pt 0in"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 0.5pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">*</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To be filed by amendment or incorporated by
                                            reference in connection with the offering of the securities.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Item 17. <I>Undertakings</I>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>To include any prospectus required by section&nbsp;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth
in the registration statement; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement
or any material change to such information in the registration statement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>provided,
however</I></FONT>, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section&nbsp;do not apply if the information required
to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant
pursuant to section&nbsp;13 or section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration
statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is a part of the registration statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">II-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall
be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold
at the termination of the offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as
of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance
on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required
by section&nbsp;10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the
earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities
in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at
that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities
in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be
the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part
of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement
or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective
date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement
or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial
distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant
pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities
are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to
the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant
to Rule 424;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred
to by the undersigned registrant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned
registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 65 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing
of the registrant&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section&nbsp;13(a) or section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and,
where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating
to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons
of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC
such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that
a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director,
officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel
the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Act of 1933, Redwood Trust, Inc. certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements
for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Mill Valley, State of California, on this 3rd day of March, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">REDWOOD TRUST, INC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 5%">By:</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; width: 45%">/s/ Christopher J. Abate</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>Name:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Christopher J. Abate</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>Title:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Executive Officer</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">(Principal Executive Officer)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                             </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="poa_001"></A><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE
PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Christopher J. Abate, Dashiell I. Robinson, Brooke E.
Carillo and Andrew P. Stone and each or either of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments
(including post-effective amendments or any abbreviated registration statement and any amendments thereto filed pursuant to Rule 462(b)
increasing the number of securities for which registration is sought) to this registration statement, and to file the same, with all
exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact
and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done
in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming
all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates
indicated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 36%"><B>Signature</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 36%"><B>Title</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 24%"><B>Date</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">/s/ Christopher J. Abate</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director and Chief Executive
    Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Christopher J. Abate</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Brooke E. Carillo</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Brooke E. Carillo</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal Financial Officer
    and Principal Accounting Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Greg H. Kubicek</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director, Chairman of the
    Board</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greg H. Kubicek</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Doneene K. Damon</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Doneene K. Damon</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Douglas B. Hansen</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Douglas B. Hansen</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Debora D. Horvath</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Debora D. Horvath</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 36%"><B>Signature</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 36%"><B>Title</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 24%"><B>Date</B></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 36%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 36%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Armando Falcon</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Director</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Armando Falcon</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Faith A. Schwartz</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Faith A. Schwartz</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Georganne C. Proctor</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Georganne C. Proctor</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Dashiell I. Robinson</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director and President</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 3</FONT>, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dashiell I. Robinson</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.5
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm257741d1_ex4-5.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.5
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Exhibit 4.5</B></P>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">REDWOOD TRUST,&nbsp;INC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">as Issuer</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">AND</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">as Trustee</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 25%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Indenture</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Dated as of &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;, 2025</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 25%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"></P>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>TABLE
OF CONTENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><U>Page</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;I. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 82%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitions</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other Definitions</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rules&nbsp;of Construction</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;II. THE SECURITIES</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">5</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issuable in Series</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Establishment of Terms of Series&nbsp;of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution and Authentication.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registrar and Paying Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securityholder Lists</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.7.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer and Exchange</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.8.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.9.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outstanding Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Treasury Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.12.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cancellation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.13.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defaulted Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.14.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Global Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.15.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CUSIP Numbers</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;III. REDEMPTION</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">13</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice to Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selection of Securities to be Redeemed</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect of Notice of Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deposit of Redemption Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Redeemed in Part</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;IV. COVENANTS</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">15</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment of Principal and Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SEC Reports</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance Certificate</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stay, Extension and Usury Laws</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate Existence</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Taxes</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;V. SUCCESSORS</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">16</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When Company May&nbsp;Merge, Etc</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successor Corporation Substituted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;VI. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">17</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 82%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Events of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee May&nbsp;File Proofs of Claim</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee May&nbsp;Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Application of Money Collected</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.7.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Limitation on Suits</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.8.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.9.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restoration of Rights and Remedies</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights and Remedies Cumulative</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Delay or Omission Not Waiver</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.12.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Control by Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.13.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Waiver of Past Defaults</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.14.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Undertaking for Costs</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;VII. TRUSTEE</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">23</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Duties of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Individual Rights of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee&rsquo;s Disclaimer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Defaults</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports by Trustee to Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.7.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation and Indemnity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.8.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Replacement of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.9.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eligibility; Disqualification</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;VIII. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">28</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Covenant Defeasance</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Repayment to Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reinstatement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;IX. AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">32</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Without Consent of Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With Consent of Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Limitations</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance with Trust Indenture Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revocation and Effect of Consents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notation on or Exchange of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.7.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee Protected</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;X. MISCELLANEOUS</FONT> </TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">35</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 82%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trust Indenture Act Controls</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notices</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Communication by Holders with Other Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rules&nbsp;by Trustee and Agents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.7.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Holidays</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.8.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No Recourse Against Others</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.9.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Counterparts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.10.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.11.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.12.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successors</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.13.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Severability; Entire Agreement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.14.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Table of Contents, Headings, Etc</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.15.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities in a Foreign Currency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.16.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Judgment Currency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.17.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Force Majeure</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.18.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.A. Patriot Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;XI. SINKING FUNDS</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">40</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Applicability of Article</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Redwood
Trust,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture
Act of 1939 and<BR>
Indenture, dated as of&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; , 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 310(a)(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 80%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not Applicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not Applicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 311(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not Applicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 312(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 313(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 314(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2, 10.5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not Applicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not Applicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not Applicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not Applicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 315(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 316(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)(1)(A)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)(1)(B)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 317(a)(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.3</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&sect; 318(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for
any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">INDENTURE, dated as of&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; , 2025,
between REDWOOD TRUST,&nbsp;INC., a Maryland corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;), and WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
a national banking association, as trustee (the &ldquo;<B>Trustee</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Each party agrees as follows
for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;I.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Definitions.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Additional Amounts</B>&rdquo; means any
additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company
in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Affiliate</B>&rdquo;
of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with such specified
person. For the purposes of this definition, &ldquo;control&rdquo; (including, with correlative meanings, the terms &ldquo;controlled
by&rdquo; and &ldquo;under common control with&rdquo;), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly,
of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities
or by agreement or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Agent</B>&rdquo; means
any Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Board of Directors</B>&rdquo;
means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Board Resolution</B>&rdquo;
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of
Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and
delivered to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Business Day&rdquo;</B>
means, unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series,
any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York, New York (or in connection with any payment, the place of
payment) on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;
means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Company Order</B>&rdquo;
means a written order signed in the name of the Company by an Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Corporate Trust Office</B>&rdquo;
means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business related to this Indenture shall be principally
administered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Default</B>&rdquo;
means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Depositary</B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to the Securities of any Series&nbsp;issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities,
the person designated as Depositary for such Series&nbsp;by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under
the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, &ldquo;Depositary&rdquo; as used with respect to the Securities
of any Series&nbsp;shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Discount Security</B>&rdquo;
means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Dollars</B>&rdquo;
and &ldquo;<B>$</B>&rdquo; means the currency of The United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Exchange Act</B>&rdquo;
means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Foreign Currency</B>&rdquo;
means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Foreign Government
Obligations</B>&rdquo; means, with respect to Securities of any Series&nbsp;that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, direct obligations
of, or obligations guaranteed by, the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations
its full faith and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;</I></FONT><B>GAAP</B><I>&rdquo;</I>
means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting
Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting
Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession,
which are in effect as of the date of determination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Global Security</B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B>Global Securities</B>&rdquo; means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2
evidencing all or part of a Series&nbsp;of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series&nbsp;or its nominee, and registered in
the name of such Depositary or nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Holder</B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B>Securityholder</B>&rdquo; means a person in whose name a Security is registered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Indenture</B>&rdquo;
means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series&nbsp;of Securities
established as contemplated hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>interest</B>&rdquo;
with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Maturity</B>&rdquo;
when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein
provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or
otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Officer</B>&rdquo;
means the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant
Secretary of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</B>&rdquo;
means a certificate signed by any Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Opinion of Counsel</B>&rdquo;
means a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.
The opinion may contain customary limitations, conditions and exceptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>person</B>&rdquo;
means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated
organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>principal</B>&rdquo;
of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect
of, the Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Responsible Officer</B>&rdquo;
means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any
other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject
and, in each case, who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>SEC</B>&rdquo; means
the Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Securities</B>&rdquo;
means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series&nbsp;authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Series</B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B>Series&nbsp;of Securities</B>&rdquo; means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created
pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Significant Subsidiaries</B>&rdquo;
means (i)&nbsp;any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company that would be a &ldquo;significant subsidiary&rdquo; as defined in Article&nbsp;1,
Rule&nbsp;1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as such regulation is in effect on the
date hereof, or (ii)&nbsp;any group of direct or indirect Subsidiaries of the Company that, taken together as a group, would be a &ldquo;significant
subsidiary&rdquo; as defined in Article&nbsp;1, Rule&nbsp;1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, as such regulation is in effect on the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Stated Maturity</B>&rdquo;
when used with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security
or interest is due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Subsidiary</B>&rdquo;
of any specified person means any corporation of which at least a majority of the outstanding stock having by the terms thereof ordinary
voting power for the election of directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether or not at the time stock of any other class or
classes of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time directly
or indirectly owned by such person, or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by such person and one or more other Subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>TIA</B>&rdquo; means
the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code &sect;&sect; 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, &ldquo;TIA&rdquo; means, to the extent required
by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Trustee</B>&rdquo;
means the person named as the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become
such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean or include each person who
is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; as used with respect to the
Securities of any Series&nbsp;shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series, which shall be appointed pursuant to a
supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>U.S. Government Obligations</B>&rdquo;
means securities which are direct obligations of, or guaranteed by, The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith
and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary
receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest
on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depositary receipt, <I>provided</I>
that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such
depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary
receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Other
Definitions</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 89%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">TERM</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">DEFINED IN SECTION</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 86%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Bankruptcy Law</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: center">6.1</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Custodian</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">6.1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Event of Default</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">6.1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Judgment Currency</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">10.16</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Legal Holiday</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">10.7</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>mandatory sinking fund payment</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">11.1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>New York Banking Day</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">10.16</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Notice Agent</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2.4</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>optional sinking fund payment</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">11.1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Paying Agent</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2.4</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Registrar</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2.4</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Required Currency</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">10.16</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>Specified Courts</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">10.10</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B>successor person</B>&rdquo;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">5.1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Incorporation
by Reference of Trust Indenture Act</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Whenever this Indenture refers
to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used
in this Indenture have the following meanings:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Commission</B>&rdquo;
means the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>indenture securities</B>&rdquo;
means the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>indenture security
holder</B>&rdquo; means a Securityholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>indenture to be qualified</B>&rdquo;
means this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>indenture trustee</B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B>institutional trustee</B>&rdquo; means the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&ldquo;<B>obligor</B>&rdquo; on the indenture
securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All other terms used in this
Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule&nbsp;under the TIA and not otherwise
defined herein are used herein as so defined.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Rules&nbsp;of
Construction</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless the context otherwise
requires:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
term has the meaning assigned to it;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;an
accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&ldquo;<B>or</B>&rdquo;
is not exclusive;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;words
in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;provisions
apply to successive events and transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;II.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
THE SECURITIES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Issuable
in Series</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The aggregate principal amount
of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series.
All Securities of a Series&nbsp;shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution,
a supplemental indenture or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under
a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series&nbsp;to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide
for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are
to be determined. Securities may differ between Series&nbsp;in respect of any matters, provided that all Series&nbsp;of Securities shall
be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Establishment
of Terms of Series&nbsp;of Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">At or prior to the issuance
of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series&nbsp;generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2.1
and either as to such Securities within the Series&nbsp;or as to the Series&nbsp;generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.23)
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture
hereto or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
title (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series&nbsp;from the Securities of any other Series) and ranking (including
the terms of any subordination provisions) of the Series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series&nbsp;will be issued;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series&nbsp;which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of the Series&nbsp;pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series&nbsp;is payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including,
but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series&nbsp;shall
bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if
any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series&nbsp;shall be payable or the method of such
payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.7.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of
the Series&nbsp;may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.8.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series&nbsp;pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions
or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions
upon which Securities of the Series&nbsp;shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.9.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series&nbsp;will be repurchased by the Company at the option
of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.10.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series&nbsp;shall
be issuable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.11.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
forms of the Securities of the Series&nbsp;and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.12.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series&nbsp;that shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.2;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.13.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and if such currency of denomination
is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.14.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities
of the Series&nbsp;will be made;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.15.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series&nbsp;are to be made in one or more currencies or currency
units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments
will be determined;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.16.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series&nbsp;will be determined, if
such amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index,
stock exchange index or financial index;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.17.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.18.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series&nbsp;and any change in the right
of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.2;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.19.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.20.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
Depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series&nbsp;if
other than those appointed herein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.21.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of such Series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange
price, the conversion or exchange period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders
thereof or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price or exchange price and provisions affecting
conversion or exchange if such Series&nbsp;of Securities are redeemed;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.22.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
other terms of the Series&nbsp;(which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series),
including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities
of that Series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2.23.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;whether
any of the Company&rsquo;s direct or indirect Subsidiaries will guarantee the Securities of that Series, including the terms of subordination,
if any, of such guarantees.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All Securities of any one Series&nbsp;need
not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or
pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate referred to above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Execution
and Authentication</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An
Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual, facsimile or electronic signature </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(e.g.,
 &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; or &ldquo;.tif&rdquo;)</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If an Officer whose signature
is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A Security shall not be valid
until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that
the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in; background-color: white">The Trustee shall at any
time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture hereto or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Such Company Order may authorize authentication
and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions
shall be promptly confirmed in writing. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board
Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The aggregate principal amount
of Securities of any Series&nbsp;outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series&nbsp;set
forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2, except
as provided in Section&nbsp;2.8.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Prior to the issuance of Securities
of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section&nbsp;7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a)&nbsp;the
Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series&nbsp;or
of Securities within that Series&nbsp;and the terms of the Securities of that Series&nbsp;or of Securities within that Series, (b)&nbsp;an
Officer&rsquo;s Certificate complying with Section&nbsp;10.4, and (c)&nbsp;an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section&nbsp;10.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee shall have the right
to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a)&nbsp;if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that
such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b)&nbsp;if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or trustees, executive committee
or a trust committee of directors and/or vice-presidents or a committee of Responsible Officers shall determine that such action would
expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series&nbsp;of Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee may appoint an authenticating
agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may
do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent
has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Registrar
and Paying Agent</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company shall maintain,
with respect to each Series&nbsp;of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series&nbsp;pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2,
an office or agency where Securities of such Series&nbsp;may be presented or surrendered for payment (&ldquo;<B>Paying Agent</B>&rdquo;),
where Securities of such Series&nbsp;may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (&ldquo;<B>Registrar</B>&rdquo;) and
where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series&nbsp;and this Indenture may be delivered
(&ldquo;<B>Notice Agent</B>&rdquo;). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series&nbsp;of Securities and to their transfer
and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address,
of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying
Agent or Notice Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices
and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent
to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Trustee, whether in its
capacity as the Notice Agent or otherwise, shall not be an agent to receive the service of legal process on the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company may also from time
to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional notice agents and may from time to time rescind such
designations; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations
to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2 for Securities of any Series&nbsp;for
such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the
name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional notice agent. The term &ldquo;<B>Registrar</B>&rdquo;
includes any co-registrar; the term &ldquo;<B>Paying Agent</B>&rdquo; includes any additional paying agent; and the term &ldquo;<B>Notice
Agent</B>&rdquo; includes any additional notice agent. The Company or any of its Affiliates may serve as Registrar or Paying Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company hereby appoints
the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent for each Series&nbsp;unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice
Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series&nbsp;are first issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Paying
Agent to Hold Money in Trust</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company shall require each
Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders of
any Series&nbsp;of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series&nbsp;of
Securities, and will notify the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues,
the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent
to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary
of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it
shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series&nbsp;of Securities all money held by
it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as
Paying Agent for the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Securityholder
Lists</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee shall preserve in
as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each
Series&nbsp;of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA &sect; 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish
to the Trustee at least 10 days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list,
in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series&nbsp;of
Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.7.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Transfer
and Exchange</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Where Securities of a Series&nbsp;are
presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of
Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions
are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar&rsquo;s request.
No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the
Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith
(other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Neither the Company nor the
Registrar shall be required (a)&nbsp;to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series&nbsp;for the period beginning
at the opening of business 15 days immediately preceding the sending of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series&nbsp;selected
for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day such notice is sent, or (b)&nbsp;to register the transfer of or exchange
Securities of any Series&nbsp;selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities
selected, called or being called for redemption in part.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.8.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Mutilated,
Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If any mutilated Security is
surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security
of the same Series&nbsp;and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If there shall be delivered
to the Company and the Trustee (i)&nbsp;evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)&nbsp;such
security or indemnity bond as may be required by each of them to hold itself and any of its agents harmless, then, in the absence of notice
to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon receipt
of a Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security,
a new Security of the same Series&nbsp;and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In case any such mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing
a new Security, pay such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Upon the issuance of any new
Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that
may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Every new Security of any Series&nbsp;issued
pursuant to this Section&nbsp;in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation
of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled
to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series&nbsp;duly issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The provisions of this Section&nbsp;are
exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.9.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Outstanding
Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Securities outstanding at
any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation,
those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described
in this Section&nbsp;as not outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If a Security is replaced pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held
by a bona fide purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Paying Agent (other than
the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series&nbsp;money sufficient
to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series&nbsp;cease to be outstanding and
interest on them ceases to accrue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company may purchase or
otherwise acquire the Securities, whether by open market purchases, negotiated transactions or otherwise. A Security does not cease to
be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security (but see Section&nbsp;2.10 below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In determining whether the Holders
of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent
or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the
amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration
of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.10.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Treasury
Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In determining whether the Holders
of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series&nbsp;have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver, Securities of a Series&nbsp;owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that
for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series&nbsp;that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall
be so disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.11.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Temporary
Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Until definitive Securities
are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary
Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate
for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order shall
authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series&nbsp;and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged,
temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.12.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Cancellation</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company at any time may
deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered
to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange,
payment, replacement or cancellation (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act and the customary procedures of
the Trustee) and deliver a certificate of such cancellation to the Company upon written request of the Company. The Company may not issue
new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.13.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Defaulted
Interest</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Company defaults in a
payment of interest on a Series&nbsp;of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest
payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Securityholders of the Series&nbsp;on a subsequent special record date. The
Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least 10 days before the special record date, the Company shall send to the Trustee
and to each Securityholder of the Series&nbsp;a notice that states the special record date, the payment date and the amount of interest
to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.14.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Global
Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.14.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Terms
of Securities</U>. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate shall establish whether the Securities
of a Series&nbsp;shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security
or Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.14.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Transfer
and Exchange</U>. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section&nbsp;2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto,
any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders
other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i)&nbsp;such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling
or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered
under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under
the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event, (ii)&nbsp;the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iii)&nbsp;an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented
by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence
shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount
equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Except as provided in this Section&nbsp;2.14.2,
a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such
Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such
nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding anything herein
to the contrary, neither the Trustee nor the Registrar shall be responsible for ascertaining whether any transfer complies with the registration
provisions or exemptions from the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, applicable state securities laws or other applicable laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.14.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Legends</U>.
Unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2, any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the
following form:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL
SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE
DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY
IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND MAY&nbsp;NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE
OF THE DEPOSITARY, BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH
NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In addition, so long as the
Depository Trust Company (&ldquo;DTC&rdquo;) is the Depositary, each Global Note registered in the name of DTC or its nominee shall bear
a legend in substantially the following form:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;UNLESS THIS GLOBAL NOTE
IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (&ldquo;DTC&rdquo;), TO THE COMPANY
OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY GLOBAL NOTE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE&nbsp;&amp;
CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE&nbsp;&amp; CO. OR TO
SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE
BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE&nbsp;&amp; CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.14.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Acts
of Holders</U>. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.14.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Payments</U>.
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;2.2, payment of the
principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.14.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Consents,
Declaration and Directions</U>. The Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of
outstanding Securities of such Series&nbsp;represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary
or by the applicable procedures of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations,
waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.15.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>CUSIP
Numbers</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company in issuing the Securities
may use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers in notices
of redemption as a convenience to Holders; <U>provided</U> that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness
of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only
on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission
of such numbers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;III.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
REDEMPTION</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notice
to Trustee</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company may, with respect
to any Series&nbsp;of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series&nbsp;of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay
the Series&nbsp;of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for
in such Securities. If a Series&nbsp;of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity
thereof all or part of the Series&nbsp;of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption
date and the principal amount of the Series&nbsp;of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the notice at least 15 days before
the redemption date (unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the Trustee).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Selection
of Securities to be Redeemed</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">Unless otherwise indicated
for a particular Series&nbsp;by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, if less than all
the Securities of a Series&nbsp;are to be redeemed, the Securities of the Series&nbsp;to be redeemed will be selected as follows: (a)&nbsp;if
the Securities are in the form of Global Securities, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, (b)&nbsp;if the Securities are
listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any,
on which the Securities are listed, or (c)&nbsp;if not otherwise provided for under clause (a)&nbsp;or (b)&nbsp;in the manner that the
Trustee deems fair and appropriate, including by lot or other method, unless otherwise required by law or applicable stock exchange requirements,
subject, in the case of Global Securities, to the applicable rules&nbsp;and procedures of the Depositary. The Securities to be redeemed
shall be selected from Securities of the Series&nbsp;outstanding not previously called for redemption. Portions of the principal of Securities
of the Series&nbsp;that have denominations larger than $1,000 may be selected for redemption. Securities of the Series&nbsp;and portions
of them selected for redemption shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series&nbsp;issuable
in other denominations pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for each Series&nbsp;and the authorized integral
multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series&nbsp;called for redemption also apply to portions
of Securities of that Series&nbsp;called for redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notice
of Redemption</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless otherwise indicated for
a particular Series&nbsp;by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, at least 15 days but
not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall send or cause to be sent by first-class mail or electronically, in accordance
with the procedures of the Depositary, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The notice shall identify the
Securities of the Series&nbsp;to be redeemed and shall state:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
redemption date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
redemption price;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
name and address of the Paying Agent;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
any Securities are being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities to be redeemed and that, after the redemption
date and upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original
Security shall be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;that
Securities of the Series&nbsp;called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;that
interest on Securities of the Series&nbsp;called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date unless the Company defaults
in the deposit of the redemption price;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
CUSIP number, if any; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series&nbsp;or the Securities of a Series&nbsp;being redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">At the Company&rsquo;s request,
the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company&rsquo;s name and at its expense, provided, however, that the Company has
delivered to the Trustee, at least 10 days (unless a shorter time shall be acceptable to the Trustee) prior to the notice date, an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Effect
of Notice of Redemption</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Once notice of redemption is
sent as provided in Section&nbsp;3.3, Securities of a Series&nbsp;called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date
and at the redemption price. Except as otherwise provided in the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
for a Series, a notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the
redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Deposit
of Redemption Price</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">On or before 11:00 a.m., New
York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of
and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Securities
Redeemed in Part</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Upon surrender of a Security
that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series&nbsp;equal in principal amount
to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;IV.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
COVENANTS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Payment
of Principal and Interest</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company covenants and agrees
for the benefit of the Holders of each Series&nbsp;of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if
any, on the Securities of that Series&nbsp;in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. On or before 11:00 a.m.,
New York City time, on the applicable payment date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the principal
of and interest, if any, on the Securities of each Series&nbsp;in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>SEC
Reports</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">To the extent any Securities
of a Series&nbsp;are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the SEC copies of the
annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may
by rules&nbsp;and regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA &sect; 314(a). Reports, information and documents filed
with the SEC via the EDGAR system will be deemed to be delivered to the Trustee as of the time of such filing via EDGAR for purposes of
this Section&nbsp;4.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee shall have no duty
to review or analyze reports delivered to it. Delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under this Section&nbsp;4.2
are for informational purposes only and the Trustee&rsquo;s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive or actual notice
of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with
any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer&rsquo;s Certificates). The Trustee
shall have no liability or responsibility for the filing, content or timelines of any report hereunder aside from any report transmitted
under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Compliance
Certificate</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">To the extent any Securities
of a Series&nbsp;are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company,
an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal
year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed
and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the
best of his/her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture
and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event
of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which the Officer may have knowledge).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Stay,
Extension and Usury Laws</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company covenants (to the
extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit
or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives
all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution
of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been
enacted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Corporate
Existence</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Subject to Article&nbsp;V, the
Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence and rights
(charter and statutory); provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right if the Board of Directors
shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries
taken as a whole and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Taxes</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company shall, and shall
cause each of its Significant Subsidiaries to, pay prior to delinquency all material taxes, assessments and governmental levies, except
as contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;V.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
SUCCESSORS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>When
Company May&nbsp;Merge, Etc</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company shall not consolidate
with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a &ldquo;<B>successor
person</B>&rdquo;) unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company is the surviving entity or the successor person (if other than the Company) is a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity
organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company&rsquo;s obligations
on the Securities and under this Indenture; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;immediately
after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company shall deliver to
the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding the above, any
Subsidiary of the Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the Company. Neither an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Successor
Corporation Substituted</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Upon any consolidation or merger,
or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section&nbsp;5.1,
the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance
or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this
Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that
the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations
and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;VI.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Events
of Default</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;<B>Event of Default</B>,&rdquo;
wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the Board Resolution,
supplemental indenture or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate establishing the series as provided for in Section&nbsp;2.2, it is provided that
such Series&nbsp;shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series&nbsp;when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for
a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior
to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the 30<SUP>th</SUP> day of such period); or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series&nbsp;at its Maturity; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, within 30 days when and as due in respect of any Security of that Series; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than defaults pursuant to paragraphs
(a), (b)&nbsp;or (c)&nbsp;above or pursuant to a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit
of a Series&nbsp;of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 90 days after there has been given,
by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series&nbsp;a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied
and stating that such notice is a &ldquo;Notice of Default&rdquo; hereunder; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;commences
a voluntary case,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;consents
to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;consents
to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;makes
a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;generally
is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;is
for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;appoints
a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;orders
the liquidation of the Company,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">and the order or decree remains unstayed
and in effect for 60 days; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture
hereto or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.2.18.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The term &ldquo;<B>Bankruptcy
Law</B>&rdquo; means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term &ldquo;<B>Custodian</B>&rdquo;
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company will provide the
Trustee written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event
of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company
is taking or proposes to take in respect thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Acceleration
of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If an Event of Default with
respect to Securities of any Series&nbsp;at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to
in Section&nbsp;6.1(e)&nbsp;or (f)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
outstanding Securities of that Series&nbsp;may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series&nbsp;are Discount Securities,
such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any,
on all of the Securities of that Series&nbsp;to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee
if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any,
shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;6.1(e)&nbsp;or (f)&nbsp;shall occur, the principal
amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall <I>ipso facto</I> become
and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">At any time after such a declaration
of acceleration with respect to any Series&nbsp;has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained
by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article&nbsp;provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities
of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events
of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities
of that Series&nbsp;which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section&nbsp;6.13.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">No such rescission shall affect
any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Collection
of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company covenants that if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period
of 30 days, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, if any, when and as due by the terms of a Security,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>then,</I></FONT>
the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due
and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable,
interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition
thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the compensation, reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Company fails to pay
such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding
for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against
the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by
law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If an Event of Default with
respect to any Securities of any Series&nbsp;occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series&nbsp;by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall
deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this
Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Trustee
May&nbsp;File Proofs of Claim</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In case of the pendency of any
receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative
to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the
Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration
or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or
interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other
papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the compensation,
reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding,
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee,
liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments
to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the
Trustee any amount due it for the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel,
and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Nothing herein contained shall
be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement,
adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect
of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Trustee
May&nbsp;Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All rights of action and claims
under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or
the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own
name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the compensation, reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities
in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Application
of Money Collected.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any money or property collected
by the Trustee pursuant to this Article&nbsp;shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in
case of the distribution of such money or property on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation
thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">First:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;To
the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.7; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Second:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;To
the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit
of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable
on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Third:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;To
the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.7.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Limitation
on Suits</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">No Holder of any Security of
any Series&nbsp;shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment
of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series&nbsp;shall have made written request to
the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities
which might be incurred by the Trustee in compliance with such request;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;no
direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">it being understood, intended and expressly covenanted
by the Holder of every Security with every other Holder and the Trustee that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any
manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other
of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under
this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders of the applicable Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.8.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Unconditional
Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding any other provision
in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal
of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or,
in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall
not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.9.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Restoration
of Rights and Remedies</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Trustee or any Holder
has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned
for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination
in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder
and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.10.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Rights
and Remedies Cumulative</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Except as otherwise provided
with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section&nbsp;2.8, no right or remedy
herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder
or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise,
shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.11.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Delay
or Omission Not Waiver</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">No delay or omission of the
Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right
or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article&nbsp;or
by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or
by the Holders, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.12.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Control
by Holders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series&nbsp;shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting
any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the
Securities of such Series, provided that</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
direction shall not be in conflict with any rule&nbsp;of law or with this Indenture,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good
faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal
liability, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;prior
to taking any action as directed under this Section&nbsp;6.12, the Trustee shall be entitled to indemnity satisfactory to it against the
costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.13.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Waiver
of Past Defaults</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Holders of not less than
a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series&nbsp;may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of
such Series, by written notice to the Trustee and the Company, waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series&nbsp;and its
consequences, except a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series&nbsp;(provided, however,
that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series&nbsp;may rescind an acceleration and its
consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease
to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such
waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.14.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Undertaking
for Costs</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All parties to this Indenture
agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion
require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such
suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, against any party
litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions
of this Section&nbsp;shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted
by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series,
or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after
the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption
date).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;VII.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
TRUSTEE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Duties
of Trustee</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and
use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct
of such person&rsquo;s own affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Except
during the continuance of an Event of Default:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In
the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the
opinions expressed therein, upon Officer&rsquo;s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements
of this Indenture; <U>however</U>, in the case of any such Officer&rsquo;s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions
hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officer&rsquo;s Certificates and Opinions
of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the form requirements of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct,
except that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;This
paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee
was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any
Series&nbsp;in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities
of such Series&nbsp;relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series&nbsp;in accordance with
Section&nbsp;6.12.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Every
provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to this Section&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;7.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs,
expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money
held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance
of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if adequate indemnity against such risk is not assured to the
Trustee in its satisfaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Paying Agent, the Registrar and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections and immunities as are set forth in paragraphs
(e), (f)&nbsp;and (g)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;and in Section&nbsp;7.2, each with respect to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Rights
of Trustee</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, judgment, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other
paper or document (whether in its original or facsimile form) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the
proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Before
the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee
shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or Opinion
of Counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No
Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights
or powers, provided that the Trustee&rsquo;s conduct does not constitute willful misconduct or negligence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without willful misconduct or negligence, and in reliance
thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction
of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against
the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, judgment, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other
paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it
may see fit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge
thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a Default or Event of Default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series&nbsp;and this
Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In
no event shall the Trustee be liable to any person for special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage of any
kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
permissive right of the Trustee to take the actions permitted by this Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or duty to do
so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the execution of the trusts and powers under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Individual
Rights of Trustee</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee in its individual
or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to
Sections 7.10 and 7.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Trustee&rsquo;s
Disclaimer</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee makes no representation
as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company&rsquo;s use of the proceeds
from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notice
of Defaults</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If a Default or Event of Default
occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series&nbsp;and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee,
the Trustee shall send to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series&nbsp;notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90
days after the Trustee becomes aware thereof or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or
Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series,
the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so a Responsible Officer in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests
of Securityholders of that Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Reports
by Trustee to Holders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Within 60 days after each anniversary
of the date of this Indenture, following the first issuance of Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.1, so long as any Securities are
outstanding hereunder and if there has been any change in the following, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as
their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such anniversary date, in accordance
with, and to the extent required under, TIA &sect; 313.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A copy of each report at the
time of its mailing to Securityholders of any Series&nbsp;shall be filed with the SEC and each national securities exchange on which the
Securities of that Series&nbsp;are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series&nbsp;are listed
on any national securities exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.7.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Compensation
and Indemnity</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company shall pay to the
Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing.
The Trustee&rsquo;s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse
the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation
and expenses of the Trustee&rsquo;s agents and counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company shall hold harmless
and indemnify the Trustee (including for the cost of defending itself or enforcing this indemnity) against any cost, expense or liability,
including attorneys&rsquo; fees and expenses and taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee)
incurred by it except as set forth in the next paragraph in the performance of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent (whether
brought by the Company, any Holder or any third party). The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any third party claim for which
it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder, unless
and to the extent that the Company is materially prejudiced thereby. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate
in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The
Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification
shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company need not reimburse
any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent
of the Trustee through willful misconduct or negligence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">To secure the Company&rsquo;s
payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series&nbsp;on all money or property
held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">When the Trustee incurs expenses
or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;6.1(e)&nbsp;or (f)&nbsp;occurs, the expenses and the compensation
for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In the event that the Trustee
is no longer acting as an Agent hereunder, the provisions of this Section&nbsp;7.7 shall apply equally to each Agent which is not the
Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The provisions of this Section&nbsp;shall
survive the termination of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.8.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Replacement
of Trustee</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A resignation or removal of
the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee&rsquo;s acceptance of appointment
as provided in this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee may resign with
respect to the Securities of one or more Series&nbsp;by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation.
The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series&nbsp;may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series&nbsp;by
so notifying the Trustee and the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed removal. The Company may remove the Trustee
with respect to Securities of one or more Series&nbsp;if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee fails to comply with Section&nbsp;7.10;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee becomes incapable of acting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Trustee resigns or is
removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within
one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may
appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any one or more Series&nbsp;does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is
removed, the retiring Trustee (at the Company&rsquo;s expense), the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount
of the Securities of the applicable Series&nbsp;may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A successor Trustee shall deliver
a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall
transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section&nbsp;7.7, the resignation
or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the
Trustee with respect to each Series&nbsp;of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall
mail a notice of its succession to each Securityholder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this
Section&nbsp;7.8, the Company&rsquo;s obligations under Section&nbsp;7.7 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee
with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it for actions taken or omitted to be taken in accordance with its rights, powers
and duties under this Indenture prior to such replacement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.9.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Successor
Trustee by Merger, Etc</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Trustee consolidates
with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor
corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee, subject to Section&nbsp;7.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.10.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Eligibility;
Disqualification</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">This Indenture shall always
have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA &sect; 310(a)(1), (2)&nbsp;and (5). The Trustee shall always have a combined capital
and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with
TIA &sect; 310(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.11.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Preferential
Collection of Claims Against Company</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee is subject to TIA
 &sect; 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA &sect; 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject
to TIA &sect; 311(a)&nbsp;to the extent indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;VIII.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Satisfaction
and Discharge of Indenture</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">This Indenture shall upon Company
Order be discharged with respect to the Securities of any Series&nbsp;and cease to be of further effect as to all Securities of such Series&nbsp;(except
as hereinafter provided in this Section&nbsp;8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute instruments acknowledging
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;either</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;all
Securities of such Series&nbsp;theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen
and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;all
such Securities of such Series&nbsp;not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;have
become due and payable by reason of sending a notice of redemption or otherwise, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;will
become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;have
been called for redemption or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving
of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(4)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;are
deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section&nbsp;8.3, as applicable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">and the Company, in the case of (1), (2)&nbsp;or
(3)&nbsp;above, shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount of money
or U.S. Government Obligations, which amount shall be sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging each installment of principal
(including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest on all the Securities of such Series&nbsp;on the dates such installments
of principal or interest are due;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge contemplated by this Section&nbsp;have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.7, and, if money shall have been deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a)&nbsp;of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2 and 8.5 shall survive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Application
of Trust Funds; Indemnification</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;8.5, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign
Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;8.1, 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied by it,
in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including
the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest
for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous
payments as contemplated by Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government
Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal received in
respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Order any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government
Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess
of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or
Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any
U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Legal
Defeasance of Securities of any Series</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless this Section&nbsp;8.3
is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have
paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series&nbsp;on the 91st day after the date of the
deposit referred to in subparagraph (d)&nbsp;hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities
of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon receipt of a Company Order,
execute instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
rights of Holders of Securities of such Series&nbsp;to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d)&nbsp;hereof, (i)&nbsp;payment
of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series&nbsp;on the Maturity
of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii)&nbsp;the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable
to the Securities of such Series&nbsp;on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture
and the Securities of such Series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 7.7, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5 and 8.6; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
rights, powers, trusts, indemnities and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company&rsquo;s obligations in connection therewith;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">provided that, the following conditions shall
have been satisfied:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited (except as provided in Section&nbsp;8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust
funds specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i)&nbsp;in the case
of Securities of such Series&nbsp;denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii)&nbsp;in the case
of Securities of such Series&nbsp;denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government
Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and
without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any
payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment
bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and
interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series&nbsp;on the dates such installments
of principal or interest and such sinking fund payments are due;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;no
Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series&nbsp;shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such
deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i)&nbsp;the Company
has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii)&nbsp;since the date of execution of
this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon
such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series&nbsp;will not recognize income, gain or loss
for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the
same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not
occurred;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the
intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section&nbsp;have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Covenant
Defeasance</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless this Section&nbsp;8.4
is otherwise specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company may omit to comply with
respect to the Securities of any Series&nbsp;with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1 and,
unless otherwise specified therein, any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series&nbsp;of Securities
or a Board Resolution or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2 (and the failure to comply with any such
covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series&nbsp;under Section&nbsp;6.1) and the occurrence
of any event specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series&nbsp;of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2 and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder,
with respect to the Securities of such Series, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities will
be unaffected thereby; provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;with
reference to this Section&nbsp;8.4, the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in
Section&nbsp;8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as
security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i)&nbsp;in the case of Securities of such Series&nbsp;denominated
in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii)&nbsp;in the case of Securities of such Series&nbsp;denominated
in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest
and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability
will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in
the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification
thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments)
of and interest on all the Securities of such Series&nbsp;on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;no
Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series&nbsp;shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such
deposit;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of
the Securities of such Series&nbsp;will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit
and covenant defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would
have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had not occurred;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent
of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section&nbsp;have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Repayment
to Company</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Subject to applicable abandoned
property law, the Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal
and interest that remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment
as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Reinstatement</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Trustee or the Paying
Agent is unable to apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any Series&nbsp;in accordance with Section&nbsp;8.1 by reason
of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise
prohibiting such application, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series&nbsp;and
under the Securities of such Series&nbsp;shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section&nbsp;8.1
until such time as the Trustee or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section&nbsp;8.1; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that if the Company has made any payment of principal of or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any
Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities
to receive such payment from the money or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent after payment in full to the
Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;IX.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Without
Consent of Holders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company and the Trustee
may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series&nbsp;without the consent of any Securityholder:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
comply with Article&nbsp;V;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
add guarantees with respect to Securities of any Series&nbsp;or secure Securities of any Series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
surrender any of the Company&rsquo;s rights or powers under this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of Securities of any Series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder as evidenced by an Opinion of Counsel;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series&nbsp;as permitted by this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee or a separate trustee with respect to the Securities
of one or more Series&nbsp;and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>With
Consent of Holders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company and the Trustee
may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of each Series&nbsp;affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer
or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating
any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Securityholders
of each such Series. Except as provided in Section&nbsp;6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of any Series&nbsp;by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer
for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect
to such Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">It shall not be necessary for
the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section&nbsp;9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture
or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this
section becomes effective, the Company shall send to the Holders of Securities affected thereby, a notice briefly describing the supplemental
indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to send such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect
the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Limitations</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Without the consent of each
Securityholder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;reduce
the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;reduce
the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;reduce
the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any
sinking fund or analogous obligation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;reduce
the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;waive
a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration
of the Securities of any Series&nbsp;by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series&nbsp;and
a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;make
the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;make
any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;waive
a redemption payment with respect to any Security, provided that such redemption is made at the Company&rsquo;s option.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Compliance
with Trust Indenture Act</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Every amendment to this Indenture
or the Securities of one or more Series&nbsp;shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then
in effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Revocation
and Effect of Consents</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Until an amendment set forth
in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder
and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder&rsquo;s Security,
even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to
his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date the supplemental indenture or the
date the waiver becomes effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any amendment or waiver once
effective shall bind every Securityholder of each Series&nbsp;affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described
in any of clauses (a)&nbsp;through (h)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security
who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting
Holder&rsquo;s Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company may, but shall not
be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to give their consent or take any other action
described above or required or permitted to be taken pursuant to this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, then notwithstanding the second
immediately preceding paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those
persons, shall be entitled to give such consent or to revoke any consent previously given or take any such action, whether or not such
Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. No such consent shall be valid or effective for more than 120 days after such record
date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notation
on or Exchange of Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company or the Trustee may
place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series&nbsp;thereafter authenticated. The Company in
exchange for Securities of that Series&nbsp;may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt of a Company Order in accordance
with Section&nbsp;2.3 new Securities of that Series&nbsp;that reflect the amendment or waiver.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.7.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Trustee
Protected</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In executing, or accepting the
additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article&nbsp;or the modifications thereby of the trusts created
by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section&nbsp;7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon,
an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both complying with Section&nbsp;10.4. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental
indentures upon delivery of such an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel or both, except that the Trustee need not sign any
supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;X.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
MISCELLANEOUS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Trust
Indenture Act Controls</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If any provision of this Indenture
limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required
or deemed provision shall control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notices</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any notice or communication
by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered in
person or mailed by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), facsimile transmission, email or overnight air
courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others&rsquo; address:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">if to the Company:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">One Belvedere Place, Suite&nbsp;300</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in; background-color: white">Mill
Valley, CA 94941</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in; background-color: white">Attention:
Corporate Secretary</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">Telephone: (415) 389-7373</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in; background-color: white">Facsimile:
(415) 381-1773</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">with a copy to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">Latham&nbsp;&amp; Watkins
LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">355 South Grand Avenue, Suite 100</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">Los Angeles, CA 90071</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">Attention: Julian Kleindorfer</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.1in; text-align: justify">J. Ross McAloon</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">Telephone: (213) 485-1234</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in; background-color: white">Facsimile:
 &#8239;&#8239;(213) 891-8763</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">if to the Trustee:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">Wilmington Trust, National Association</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">Rodney Square North</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">1100 North Market Street</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">Wilmington, DE 19890-0001</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">Attention: Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc. Administrator</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">Telephone: (302) 636-6398</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">Facsimile: (302) 636-4145</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company or the Trustee by
notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any notice or communication
to a Securityholder shall be sent electronically or by first-class mail to his, her or its address shown on the register kept by the Registrar,
in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary. Failure to send a notice or communication to a Securityholder of any Series&nbsp;or
any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of that or any other Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If a notice or communication
is sent or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Securityholder receives
it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Company sends a notice
or communication to Securityholders, it shall send a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding any other provision
of this Indenture or any Security, where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice of any event (including any notice of redemption)
to a Holder of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given to the Depositary for such Security
(or its designee) pursuant to the customary procedures of such Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Communication
by Holders with Other Holders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Securityholders of any Series&nbsp;may
communicate pursuant to TIA &sect; 312(b)&nbsp;with other Securityholders of that Series&nbsp;or any other Series&nbsp;with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series&nbsp;or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone
else shall have the protection of TIA &sect; 312(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Certificate
and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Upon any request or application
by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;an
Officer&rsquo;s Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture
relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;an
Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Statements
Required in Certificate or Opinion</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Each certificate or opinion
with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to
TIA &sect; 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA &sect; 314(e)&nbsp;and shall include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express
an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.6.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Rules&nbsp;by
Trustee and Agents</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee may make reasonable
rules&nbsp;for action by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules&nbsp;and set reasonable
requirements for its functions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.7.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Legal
Holidays</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless otherwise provided by
Board Resolution, Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or supplemental indenture for a particular Series, a &ldquo;<B>Legal Holiday</B>&rdquo;
is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on
the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.8.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Recourse Against Others</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A director, officer, employee
or stockholder (past or present), as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities
or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder by accepting
a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.9.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Counterparts</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">This Indenture may be executed
in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be
an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and
of signature pages&nbsp;by facsimile or electronic format (e.g., &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; or &ldquo;.tif&rdquo;) transmission shall constitute
effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all
purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or electronic format (e.g., &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; or &ldquo;.tif&rdquo;)
shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless otherwise provided herein
or in any other Securities, the words &ldquo;execute&rdquo;, &ldquo;execution&rdquo;, &ldquo;signed&rdquo;, and &ldquo;signature&rdquo;
and words of similar import used in or related to any document to be signed in connection with this Indenture, any Securities or any of
the transactions contemplated hereby (including amendments, waivers, consents and other modifications) shall be deemed to include electronic
signatures and the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability
as a manually executed signature in ink or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as applicable, to the fullest extent and as
provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State
Electronic Signatures and Records Act, and any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, provided that,
notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Trustee is not under any obligation to agree to accept electronic signatures in any
form or in any format unless expressly agreed to by such Trustee pursuant to procedures approved by such Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.10.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Governing
Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES
WILL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED UNDER, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK<FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">.</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>THE
COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND THE HOLDERS (BY THEIR ACCEPTANCE OF THE SECURITIES) EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE NOTES
OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any legal suit, action or proceeding
arising out of or based upon this Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United
States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the City of New York
(collectively, the &ldquo;<I>Specified Courts</I>&rdquo;), and each party irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such
courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under
any applicable statute or rule&nbsp;of court) to such party&rsquo;s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for
any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The Company, the Trustee and the Holders (by their acceptance of the Securities)
each hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the
Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has
been brought in an inconvenient forum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.11.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">This Indenture may not be used
to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt
agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.12.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Successors</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All agreements of the Company
in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.13.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Severability;
Entire Agreement</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In case any provision in this
Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining
provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Trustee, by its execution
of this Indenture, hereby accepts the trusts in this Indenture declared and provided, upon the terms and conditions hereinabove set forth.
This Indenture, any supplemental indenture hereto and the exhibits hereto or thereto set forth the entire agreement and understanding
of the parties related to this transaction and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.14.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Table
of Contents, Headings, Etc</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Table of Contents, Cross
Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are
not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.15.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Securities
in a Foreign Currency</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless otherwise specified in
a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2 of this Indenture
with respect to a particular Series&nbsp;of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders
of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series&nbsp;or all Series&nbsp;affected by a particular action
at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series&nbsp;which are denominated in more than one
currency, then the principal amount of Securities of such Series&nbsp;which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking
such action shall be determined by converting any such other currency into a currency that is designated upon issuance of any particular
Series&nbsp;of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series&nbsp;of Securities, such conversion shall
be at the spot rate for the purchase of the designated currency as published in The Financial Times in the &ldquo;Currency Rates&rdquo;
section (or, if The Financial Times is no longer published, or if such information is no longer available in The Financial Times, such
source as may be selected in good faith by the Company) on any date of determination. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in
determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series&nbsp;denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection
with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All decisions and determinations
provided for in the preceding paragraph shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all
purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Trustee and all Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.16.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Judgment
Currency</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company agrees, to the fullest
extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a)&nbsp;if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary
to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series&nbsp;(the &ldquo;<I>Required
Currency</I>&rdquo;) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the &ldquo;<I>Judgment Currency</I>&rdquo;), the rate of exchange
used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required
Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking
Day, then the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase
in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final
unappealable judgment is entered and (b)&nbsp;its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i)&nbsp;shall
not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection
(a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt,
by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii)&nbsp;shall be enforceable
as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such
actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii)&nbsp;shall not be affected
by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, &ldquo;<I>New York Banking Day</I>&rdquo;
means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required
by law, regulation or executive order to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.17.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Force
Majeure</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In no event shall the Trustee
be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly
or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, any act or provision of any present or future law or regulation
or governmental authority, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, labor disputes, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances,
nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, earthquakes, pandemics, quarantines, fires, floods, wars, terrorism, civil or military
disturbances, sabotage, epidemics, riots, interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications, computer (software and hardware)
services or the unavailability of the Federal Reserve Bank wire or telex or other wire or communication facility, it being understood
that the Trustee shall use reasonable best efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance
as soon as practicable under the circumstances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.18.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>U.S.A.
Patriot Act</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The parties hereto acknowledge
that in accordance with Section&nbsp;326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee is required to obtain, verify, and record information
that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this
Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements
of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE&nbsp;XI.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
SINKING FUNDS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Applicability
of Article</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The provisions of this Article&nbsp;shall
be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series&nbsp;if so provided by the terms of such Securities
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.2 and except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series&nbsp;issued pursuant
to this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The minimum amount of any sinking
fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series&nbsp;is herein referred to as a &ldquo;<B>mandatory sinking fund
payment</B>&rdquo; and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series&nbsp;is herein referred to as an &ldquo;<B>optional
sinking fund payment</B>.&rdquo; If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment
may be subject to reduction as provided in Section&nbsp;11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities
of any Series&nbsp;as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company may, in satisfaction
of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series&nbsp;to be made pursuant to the terms of such
Securities (1)&nbsp;deliver outstanding Securities of such Series&nbsp;to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any
of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2)&nbsp;apply as credit Securities of such Series&nbsp;to
which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the
Company pursuant to the terms of such Series&nbsp;of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application
of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such
Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption,
and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the
sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities
in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section&nbsp;11.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series&nbsp;to be redeemed in
order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series&nbsp;for
redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a
Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Trustee or such Paying
Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the
Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series&nbsp;purchased by the Company having
an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Redemption
of Securities for Sinking Fund</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Not less than 45 days (unless
otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate in respect of a particular Series&nbsp;of
Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series&nbsp;of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series&nbsp;pursuant to the terms of that
Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied
by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series&nbsp;pursuant to Section&nbsp;11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added
in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified.
Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect
of a particular Series&nbsp;of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date will be selected in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;3.2 and the Company shall send or cause to be sent a notice
of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in and in accordance with
Section&nbsp;3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">REDWOOD TRUST,&nbsp;INC.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Name: Andrew P. Stone</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Its: Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Name: Michael H. Wass</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Its: Vice President</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm257741d1_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 50%; vertical-align: bottom"><IMG SRC="tm257741d1_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></TD>
  <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right; width: 50%"><IMG SRC="tm257741d1_ex5-1img002.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">March&nbsp;3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Suite&nbsp;300</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">One Belvedere Place</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Mill Valley, California 94941</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">Re:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Registration
Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">We have served as Maryland counsel to Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Maryland corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), in connection with certain matters of Maryland law relating to the registration by
the Company of: (a)&nbsp;debt securities of the Company (the &ldquo;Debt Securities&rdquo;); (b)&nbsp;shares of common stock (the &ldquo;Common
Shares&rdquo;) of the Company, $0.01 par value per share (&ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;); (c)&nbsp;shares of preferred stock (the &ldquo;Preferred
Shares&rdquo;) of the Company, $0.01 par value per share (&ldquo;Preferred Stock&rdquo;); (d)&nbsp;warrants to purchase shares of Common
Stock or Preferred Stock (the &ldquo;Warrants&rdquo;); (e)&nbsp;rights (the &ldquo;Rights&rdquo;) to purchase other Securities (as defined
herein) and (f)&nbsp;units comprised of two or more of the foregoing Securities (the &ldquo;Units&rdquo; and, together with the Debt Securities,
Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Warrants and Rights, the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;), covered by the above-referenced Registration Statement
(the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;), filed by the Company with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;)
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;1933 Act&rdquo;), on or about the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">In connection with our representation of the Company,
and as a basis for the opinion hereinafter set forth, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction,
of the following documents (hereinafter collectively referred to as the &ldquo;Documents&rdquo;):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">1.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Registration Statement and the related form of prospectus included therein, substantially in the form to be transmitted to the Commission
under the 1933 Act;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">2.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
charter of the Company (the &ldquo;Charter&rdquo;), certified by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (the &ldquo;SDAT&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">3.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (the &ldquo;Bylaws&rdquo;), certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">4.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Resolutions
adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company (the &ldquo;Board of Directors&rdquo;), relating to, among other items, the approval
of the filing of the Registration Statement, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">5.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;A
certificate of the SDAT as to the good standing of the Company, dated as of a recent date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm257741d1_ex5-1img003.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">March&nbsp;3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">6.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;A
certificate executed by an officer of the Company, dated as of the date hereof; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">7.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Such
other documents and matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to express the opinion set forth below, subject to the assumptions,
limitations and qualifications stated herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">In expressing the opinion set forth below, we have
assumed the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">1.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Each
individual executing any of the Documents, whether on behalf of such individual or another person, is legally competent to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">2.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Each
individual executing any of the Documents on behalf of a party (other than the Company) is duly authorized to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">3.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Each
of the parties (other than the Company) executing any of the Documents has duly and validly executed and delivered each of the Documents
to which such party is a signatory, and such party&rsquo;s obligations set forth therein are legal, valid and binding and are enforceable
in accordance with all stated terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">4.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;All
Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic. The form and content of all Documents submitted to us as unexecuted drafts do not
differ in any respect relevant to this opinion from the form and content of such Documents as executed and delivered. All Documents submitted
to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original documents. All signatures on all Documents are genuine. All public records
reviewed or relied upon by us or on our behalf are true and complete. All representations, warranties, statements and information contained
in the Documents are true and complete. There has been no oral or written modification of or amendment to any of the Documents, and there
has been no waiver of any provision of any of the Documents, by action or omission of the parties or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">5.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
issuance, and certain terms, of the Securities to be issued by the Company from time to time will be authorized and approved by the Board
of Directors, or a duly authorized committee thereof, in accordance with the Maryland General Corporation Law, the Charter and the Bylaws
and, with respect to Preferred Shares, Articles Supplementary setting forth the number of shares and the terms of any class or series
of Preferred Shares (the &ldquo;Articles Supplementary&rdquo;) to be issued by the Company will be filed with and accepted for record
by the SDAT prior to their issuance (such approvals and, if applicable, acceptance for record, referred to herein as the &ldquo;Corporate
Proceedings&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">6.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the issuance of any Common Shares, including any Common Shares which may be issued upon conversion or exercise of any Securities that
are convertible into or exercisable for Common Shares, the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding will not exceed
the total number of shares of Common Stock that the Company is then authorized to issue under the Charter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm257741d1_ex5-1img003.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">March&nbsp;3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;3</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">7.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the issuance of any Preferred Shares, including Preferred Shares which may be issued upon conversion or exercise of any other Securities
convertible into or exercisable for Preferred Shares, the total number of shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, and the total
number of issued and outstanding shares of the applicable class or series of Preferred Stock designated pursuant to the Charter, will
not exceed, respectively, the total number of shares of Preferred Stock or the number of shares of such class or series of Preferred Stock
that the Company is then authorized to issue under the Charter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">8.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;None
of the Securities will be issued in violation of the restrictions on ownership and transfer set forth in Article&nbsp;XI of the Charter
or any comparable provision in the Articles Supplementary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions,
limitations and qualifications stated herein, it is our opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">1.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company is a corporation duly incorporated and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Maryland and is in good standing
with the SDAT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">2.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Debt Securities, the issuance of the Debt Securities will be duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">3.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Common Shares, the issuance of the Common Shares will be duly authorized and,
when and if issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the Registration Statement and the Corporate Proceedings,
the Common Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">4.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Preferred Shares, the issuance of the Preferred Shares will be duly authorized
and, when and if issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the Registration Statement and the Corporate Proceedings,
the Preferred Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">5.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Warrants, the issuance of the Warrants will be duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">6.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Rights, the issuance of the Rights will be duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">7.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the completion of all Corporate Proceedings relating to the Units, the issuance of the Units will be duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm257741d1_ex5-1img003.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">March&nbsp;3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;4</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">The foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the
State of Maryland and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other law. We express no opinion as to the applicability or
effect of federal or state securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of Maryland, or as to federal or state laws regarding
fraudulent transfers. To the extent that any matter as to which our opinion is expressed herein would be governed by the laws of any jurisdiction
other than the State of Maryland, we do not express any opinion on such matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">The opinion expressed herein is limited to the matters
specifically set forth herein and no other opinion shall be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We assume no obligation to supplement
this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact that might change the opinion expressed
herein after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">This opinion is being furnished to you for submission
to the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement and to the use of the name of our firm therein. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons
whose consent is required by Section&nbsp;7 of the 1933 Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Venable LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm257741d1_ex5-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT5.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 5.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">355 South Grand Avenue, Suite
    100</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Los Angeles, California 90071-1560</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Tel: +1.213.485.1234</FONT></P>
                                                                           <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Fax: +1.213.891.8763</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 76%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">www.lw.com</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD ROWSPAN="5" STYLE="text-align: left; vertical-align: top">
    <IMG SRC="tm257741d1_ex5-2img001.jpg" ALT=""><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FIRM / AFFILIATE OFFICES</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Austin</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Milan</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beijing</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Munich</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Boston</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New York</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Brussels</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Orange County</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Century City</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paris</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chicago</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Riyadh</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dubai</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">San Diego</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">D&uuml;sseldorf</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">San Francisco</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Frankfurt</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Seoul</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hamburg</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Silicon Valley</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hong Kong</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Houston</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tel Aviv</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">London</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tokyo</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los Angeles</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Washington, D.C.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Madrid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">March 3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">One Belvedere Place, Suite 300</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Mill Valley, CA 94941</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">Re:</TD><TD><U>Registration Statement on Form S-3</U></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">To the addressee set forth above:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as special counsel
to Redwood Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), in connection with its filing on March 3, 2025
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&rdquo;) of the registration statement on Form S-3 (as
amended, the &ldquo;<B><I>Registration Statement</I></B>&rdquo;), including a base prospectus (the &ldquo;<B><I>Base Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;),
which provides that it will be supplemented by one or more prospectus supplements (each such prospectus supplement, together with the
Base Prospectus, a &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;), under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Act</I></B>&rdquo;),
relating to the registration for issue and sale by the Company from time to time of one or more series of debt securities of the Company,
which may consist of debentures, notes or other types of debt and which may be exchangeable for or convertible into shares of common stock,
preferred stock or other securities (the &ldquo;<B><I>Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) to be issued under an indenture to be entered into
between the Company, as issuer, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, and one or more board resolutions, supplements
thereto or officer&rsquo;s certificates thereunder (such indenture, together with the applicable board resolution, supplement or officer&rsquo;s
certificate pertaining to the applicable series of Debt Securities, the &ldquo;<B><I>Applicable Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><BR>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation
S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related
applicable Prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Debt Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As such counsel, we have examined
such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent, we have relied
upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having independently verified
such factual matters. We are opining herein as to the internal laws of the State of New York, and we express no opinion with respect to
the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any other jurisdiction or as to any matters of municipal law or the laws
of any local agencies within any state. Various matters concerning the validity of the securities and the laws of the State of Maryland
are addressed in the opinion of Venable LLP, Maryland counsel for the Company, which has been separately provided to you. We express no
opinion with respect to those matters herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">March 3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Page 2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><IMG SRC="tm257741d1_ex5-2img002.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the foregoing and
the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof, when the specific terms of a particular series of Debt
Securities have been duly established in accordance with the terms of the Applicable Indenture and authorized by all necessary corporate
action of the Company, and such Debt Securities have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered against payment therefor
in accordance with the Applicable Indenture and in the manner contemplated by the applicable Prospectus and by such corporate action,
such Debt Securities will be the legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with
their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
opinions are subject to: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, preference, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other
similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, whether considered
in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief), concepts of
materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and the discretion of the court before which a proceeding is brought; (iii)
the invalidity under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of or contribution
to a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; and (iv) we express no
opinion as to (a) any provision for liquidated damages, default interest, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums or other
economic remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty, (b) consents to, or restrictions upon, governing law,
jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies, or judicial relief, (c) waivers of rights or defenses, including the waiver set forth in Section
4.04 of the Applicable Indenture</FONT>, (d) any provision requiring the payment of attorneys&rsquo; fees, where such payment is contrary
to law or public policy, (e) any provision permitting, upon acceleration of any Debt Securities, collection of that portion of the stated
principal amount thereof which might be determined to constitute unearned interest thereon, (f) the creation, validity, attachment, perfection,
or priority of any lien or security interest, (g) advance waivers of claims, defenses, rights granted by law, or notice, opportunity for
hearing, evidentiary requirements, statutes of limitation, trial by jury or at law, or other procedural rights, (h) waivers of broadly
or vaguely stated rights, (i) provisions for exclusivity, election or cumulation of rights or remedies, (j) provisions authorizing or
validating conclusive or discretionary determinations, (k) grants of setoff rights, (l) proxies, powers and trusts, (m) provisions prohibiting,
restricting, or requiring consent to assignment or transfer of any right or property, (n) any provision to the extent it requires that
a claim with respect to a security denominated in other than U.S. dollars (or a judgment in respect of such a claim) be converted into
U.S. dollars at a rate of exchange at a particular date, to the extent applicable law otherwise provides, and (o) the severability, if
invalid, of provisions to the foregoing effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">With your consent, we have
assumed (a) that each of the Debt Securities and the Applicable Indenture (collectively, the &ldquo;<B><I>Documents</I></B>&rdquo;) will
be governed by the internal laws of the State of New York, (b) that each of the Documents has been or will be duly authorized, executed
and delivered by the parties thereto, (c) that each of the Documents constitutes or will constitute legally valid and binding obligations
of the parties thereto other than the Company, enforceable against each of them in accordance with their respective terms, and (d) that
the status of each of the Documents as legally valid and binding obligations of the parties will not be affected by any (i) breaches of,
or defaults under, agreements or instruments, (ii) violations of statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders, or (iii)
failures to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or to make required registrations, declarations or filings with,
governmental authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">March 3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Page 3</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><IMG SRC="tm257741d1_ex5-2img002.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is for your benefit
in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable
provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our
firm contained in the Prospectus under the heading &ldquo;Validity of the Securities.&rdquo; In giving such consent, we do not thereby
admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the
Commission thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sincerely,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Latham &amp; Watkins LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-8.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm257741d1_ex8-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 8.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Exhibit 8.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10250 Constellation Blvd., Suite&nbsp;1100</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los Angeles, California 90067</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tel: +1.424.653.5500 Fax: +1.424.653.5501</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">www.lw.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD ROWSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="text-align: left; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm25774d1_ex8-1img001.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FIRM / AFFILIATE OFFICES</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Austin</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Milan</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beijing</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Munich</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Boston</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New York</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Brussels</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Orange County</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Century City</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paris</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chicago</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Riyadh</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dubai</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">San Diego</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March&nbsp;3, 2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">D&uuml;sseldorf</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">San Francisco</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Frankfurt</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Seoul</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hamburg</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Silicon Valley</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hong Kong</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Houston</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tel Aviv</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">London</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Tokyo</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Los Angeles</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Washington, D.C.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Madrid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">One Belvedere Place, Suite&nbsp;300</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Mill Valley, CA 94941</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Re:&#8239; <U>Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">To the addressee set forth above:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as special tax
counsel to Redwood Trust,&nbsp;Inc., a Maryland corporation (&ldquo;<B><I>RWT</I></B>&rdquo;), in connection with the filing of a registration
statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 dated March&nbsp;3, 2025 (such registration statement, together with all exhibits thereto and the documents
incorporated by reference therein, including the prospectus included therein, the &ldquo;<B><I>Registration Statement</I></B>&rdquo;)
by RWT with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&rdquo;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the &ldquo;<B><I>Act</I></B>&rdquo;), relating to the registration of the securities set forth in the prospectus contained in the Registration
Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You have requested our opinion
concerning certain of the federal income tax considerations relating to RWT, including with respect to its election to be taxed as a real
estate investment trust (&ldquo;<B><I>REIT</I></B>&rdquo;). This opinion is based on certain assumptions and factual representations concerning
the business, assets and governing documents of RWT and its subsidiaries as set forth in the Registration Statement. We have also been
furnished with, and with your consent have relied upon, certain representations made by RWT and its subsidiaries with respect to certain
factual matters through a certificate of an officer of RWT, dated as of the date hereof (the &ldquo;<B><I>Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>March 3, 2025<BR>
Page 2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm25774d1_ex8-1img002.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In our capacity as special
tax counsel to RWT, we have made such legal and factual examinations and inquiries, including an examination of originals or copies certified
or otherwise identified to our satisfaction of such documents, corporate records and other instruments as we have deemed necessary or
appropriate for purposes of this opinion. For purposes of our opinion, we have not made an independent investigation or audit of the facts
set forth in the above referenced documents or in the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate. In particular, we note that RWT may engage in transactions
in connection with which we have not provided legal advice, and have not reviewed, and of which we may be unaware. Consequently, we have
relied on your representation that the facts, statements, representations, and covenants presented in the above referenced documents and
the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or otherwise furnished to us, accurately and completely describe all material facts relevant to our opinion.
In addition, in rendering this opinion we have assumed the truth and accuracy of all representations and statements made to us that are
qualified as to knowledge or belief, without regard to such qualification. In our examination, we have assumed the authenticity of all
documents submitted to us as originals, the genuineness of all signatures thereon, the legal capacity of natural persons executing such
documents and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are opining herein only
as to the federal income tax laws of the United States, and we express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect
thereon, of other federal laws, the laws of any state or other jurisdiction or as to any matters of municipal law or the laws of any other
local agencies within any state.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Based on such facts and subject
to the qualifications, representations, assumptions and limitations set forth herein and in the Registration Statement, it is our opinion
that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Commencing with RWT&rsquo;s taxable year ended December&nbsp;31, 2011, RWT has been organized and has
operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the &ldquo;<B><I>Code</I></B>&rdquo;), and its proposed method of operation will enable RWT to meet the requirements for qualification
and taxation as a REIT under the Code; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The statements set forth in the Registration Statement under the caption &ldquo;Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Considerations,&rdquo; insofar as they purport to describe or summarize certain provisions of the statutes or regulations referred
to therein, are accurate descriptions or summaries in all material respects.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No opinion is expressed as
to any matter not discussed herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is rendered to
you as of the date of this letter, and we undertake no obligation to update this opinion subsequent to the date hereof. This opinion is
based on various statutory provisions, regulations promulgated thereunder and interpretations thereof by the Internal Revenue Service
and the courts having jurisdiction over such matters, all of which are subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Any such
change may affect the conclusions stated herein. Also, any variation or difference in the facts from those set forth in the Registration
Statement or the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate may affect the conclusions stated herein. In addition, RWT&rsquo;s qualification and taxation
as a REIT depend upon RWT&rsquo;s ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, including through actual annual
operating results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership, the results of which have not been and will
not be reviewed by Latham&nbsp;&amp; Watkins LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of RWT&rsquo;s operation
for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. In addition, the opinion set forth above does not foreclose the possibility
that RWT may have to pay a deficiency dividend, or an excise or penalty tax, which could be significant in amount, in order to maintain
its REIT qualification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>March 3, 2025<BR>
Page 3</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm25774d1_ex8-1img002.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is rendered only
to you and is solely for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement upon the understanding that we are not hereby assuming
professional responsibility to any other person whatsoever. This opinion may not be relied upon by you for any other purpose, or furnished
to, assigned to, quoted to or relied upon by any other person, firm or other entity for any purpose without our prior written consent,
which may be granted or withheld in our sole discretion, provided that this opinion may be relied upon by persons entitled to rely on
it pursuant to applicable provisions of federal securities law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We hereby consent to the filing
of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm name in the Registration Statement under
the captions &ldquo;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo; and &ldquo;Validity of the Securities.&rdquo; In giving this
consent, we do not hereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of the Act or
the rules&nbsp;or regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">Sincerely,</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Latham &amp; Watkins LLP</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm257741d1_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
FIRM</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have issued our reports dated February 28,
2025, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting of Redwood Trust, Inc. included
in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.
We consent to the incorporation by reference of the aforementioned reports in this Registration Statement, and to the use of our name
as it appears under the caption &ldquo;Experts&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">/s/ Grant Thornton LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">San Francisco, California</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">March 3, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-25.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>tm257741d1_ex25-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 25.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 25.1&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM T-1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT>
Check if an Application to Determine Eligibility of a Trustee Pursuant to Section 305(b)(2)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>16-1486454</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(I.R.S. employer identification no.)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>1100 North Market Street</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Wilmington, DE 19890-0001</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address of principal executive offices)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Kyle Barry</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Senior Vice President</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Wilmington Trust Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>285 Delaware Ave.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Buffalo, NY 14202</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(716) 839-6909</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Name, address and telephone number of agent for
service)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Redwood Trust, Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(Exact name of obligor as specified in its charter)</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; width: 54%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Maryland</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; width: 46%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>68-0329422</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 3pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; layout-grid-mode: line; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>One Belvedere Place, Suite 300</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Mill Valley, CA 94941</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address of principal executive offices, including
zip code)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Title of the indenture securities)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><B>ITEM 1.</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>GENERAL INFORMATION.</B></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">Furnish the following information as to the trustee:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 48pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 30pt">(a)</TD><TD>Name and address of each examining or supervising authority to which it is subject.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                              <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>Comptroller of Currency, Washington, D.C.</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                              <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                              </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 78pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 48pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 30pt">(b)</TD><TD>Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                       <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>The trustee is authorized to exercise
corporate trust powers.</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                       </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"><B>ITEM 2.</B></TD><TD><B>AFFILIATIONS WITH THE OBLIGOR.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.75in">If the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee,
describe each affiliation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in">Based upon an examination of the books and records of the
trustee and information available to the trustee, the obligor is not an affiliate of the trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.82in; text-align: left"><B>ITEM </B> <B>3 &ndash; 15.</B></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B></B>Not Applicable.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"><B>ITEM 16.</B></TD><TD><B>LIST OF EXHIBITS.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 84pt; text-indent: -48pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 84pt; text-indent: -48pt">Listed below are all exhibits filed as
part of this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">A copy of the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The authority of Wilmington
    Trust, National Association to commence business was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated
    herein by reference to Exhibit 1 above.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The authorization to exercise
    corporate trust powers was granted under the Charter for Wilmington Trust, National Association, incorporated herein by reference
    to Exhibit 1 above.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">A copy of the existing By-Laws
    of Trustee, as now in effect, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4of this Form T-1.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Not applicable.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The consent of Wilmington Trust,
    National Association as required by Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, attached hereto as Exhibit 6 of this Form
    T-1.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Current Report of the Condition
    of Wilmington Trust, National Association, published pursuant to law or the requirements of its supervising or examining authority,
    attached hereto as Exhibit 7 of this Form T-1.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Not applicable.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Not applicable.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, the trustee, Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of
the United States of America, has duly caused this Statement of Eligibility to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, all in the City of Wilmington and State of Delaware on the 3rd day of March, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Michael H. Wass</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Michael H. Wass</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Vice President</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT 1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CHARTER OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">For the purpose of organizing an association to
perform any lawful activities of national banks, the undersigned do enter into the following articles of association:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">FIRST.&#9;The title of this association shall be Wilmington Trust,
National Association.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">SECOND.&#9;The main office of the association shall be in the City
of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The general business of the association shall be conducted at its main office
and its branches.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">THIRD.&#9;The board of directors of this association shall consist
of not less than five nor more than twenty-five persons, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit. The exact number
is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority
of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Each director shall own common or preferred stock of the association or
of a holding company owning the association, with an aggregate par, fair market or equity value $1,000. Determination of these values
may be based as of either (i) the date of purchase or (ii) the date the person became a director, whichever value is greater. Any combination
of common or preferred stock of the association or holding company may be used.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Any vacancy in the board of directors may be filled
by action of a majority of the remaining directors between meetings of shareholders. The board of directors may not increase the number
of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1)</FONT></TD><TD>exceeds by more than two the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2)</FONT></TD><TD>exceeds by more than four the number of directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event shall
the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted the bank from the 25-member limit.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Directors shall be elected for terms of one year
and until their successors are elected and qualified. Terms of directors, including directors selected to fill vacancies, shall expire
at the next regular meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected, unless the directors resign or are removed from office. Despite
the expiration of a director's term, the director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until
there is a decrease in the number of directors and his or her position is eliminated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Honorary or advisory members of the board of directors,
without voting power or power of final decision in matters concerning the business of the association, may be appointed by resolution
of a majority of the full board of directors, or by resolution of shareholders at any annual or special meeting. Honorary or advisory
directors shall not be counted to determine the number of directors of the association or the presence of a quorum in connection with
any board action, and shall not be required to own qualifying shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">FOURTH.&#9;There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders to
elect directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the meeting. It shall be held at the main office or any other
convenient place the board of directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the bylaws, or, if that day falls
on a legal holiday in the state in which the association is located, on the next following banking day. If no election is held on the
day fixed, or in the event of a legal holiday on the following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days
of the day fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the day, by shareholders representing two-thirds
of the shares issued and outstanding. In all cases at least 10 days advance notice of the time, place and purpose of a shareholders&rsquo;
meeting shall be given to the shareholders by first class mail, unless the OCC determines that an emergency circumstance exists. The sole
shareholder of the bank is permitted to waive notice of the shareholders&rsquo; meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">In all elections of directors, the number of votes
each common shareholder may cast will be determined by multiplying the number of shares such shareholder owns by the number of directors
to be elected. Those votes may be cumulated and cast for a single candidate or may be distributed among two or more candidates in the
manner selected by the shareholder. If, after the first ballot, subsequent ballots are necessary to elect directors, a shareholder may
not vote shares that he or she has already fully cumulated and voted in favor of a successful candidate. On all other questions, each
common shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Nominations for election to the board of directors
may be made by the board of directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote
for election of directors. Nominations other than those made by or on behalf of the existing management shall be made in writing and be
delivered or mailed to the president of the association not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders
called for the election of directors; provided, however, that if less than 21 days notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such
nominations shall be mailed or delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following
the day on which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the
notifying shareholder:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1)</FONT></TD><TD>The name and address of each proposed nominee.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2)</FONT></TD><TD>The principal occupation of each proposed nominee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3)</FONT></TD><TD>The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4)</FONT></TD><TD>The name and residence address of the notifying shareholder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5)</FONT></TD><TD>The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">Nominations not made in accordance
herewith may, in his/her discretion, be disregarded by the chairperson of the meeting, and the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast
for each such nominee. No bylaw may unreasonably restrict the nomination of directors by shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">A director may resign at any time by
delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairperson, or to the association, which resignation shall be effective when
the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0.25in">A director may be removed by shareholders
at a meeting called to remove the director, when notice of the meeting stating that the purpose or one of the purposes is to remove the
director is provided, if there is a failure to fulfill one of the affirmative requirements for qualification, or for cause; provided,
however, that a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect the director under cumulative voting is voted against
the director's removal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">FIFTH.&#9;The authorized amount of capital stock of this association
shall be ten thousand shares of common stock of the par value of one hundred dollars ($100) each; but said capital stock may be increased
or decreased from time to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No holder of shares of the capital stock of any
class of the association shall have any preemptive or preferential right of subscription to any shares of any class of stock of the association,
whether now or hereafter authorized, or to any obligations convertible into stock of the association, issued, or sold, nor any right of
subscription to any thereof other than such, if any, as the board of directors, in its discretion, may from time to time determine and
at such price as the board of directors may from time to time fix. Preemptive rights also must be approved by a vote of holders of two-thirds
of the bank&rsquo;s outstanding voting shares. Unless otherwise specified in these articles of association or required by law, (1) all
matters requiring shareholder action, including amendments to the articles of association, must be approved by shareholders owning a majority
voting interest in the outstanding voting stock, and (2) each shareholder shall be entitled to one vote per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise specified in these articles of
association or required by law, all shares of voting stock shall be voted together as a class, on any matters requiring shareholder approval.
If a proposed amendment would affect two or more classes or series in the same or a substantially similar way, all the classes or series
so affected must vote together as a single voting group on the proposed amendment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Shares of one class or series may be issued as
a dividend for shares of the same class or series on a pro rata basis and without consideration. Shares of one class or series may be
issued as share dividends for a different class or series of stock if approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the class
or series to be issued, unless there are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued. Unless otherwise provided by the board
of directors, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend shall be the date authorized by the board of directors
for the share dividend.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.85pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.85pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws,
the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting is the close of business on the day before
the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 70 days before
the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If a shareholder is entitled to fractional shares
pursuant to a stock dividend, consolidation or merger, reverse stock split or otherwise, the association may: (a) issue fractional shares;
(b) in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, issue script or warrants entitling the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering
enough script or warrants to equal a full share; (c) if there is an established and active market in the association's stock, make reasonable
arrangements to provide the shareholder with an opportunity to realize a fair price through sale of the fraction, or purchase of the additional
fraction required for a full share; (d) remit the cash equivalent of the fraction to the shareholder; or (e) sell full shares representing
all the fractions at public auction or to the highest bidder after having solicited and received sealed bids from at least three licensed
stock brokers; and distribute the proceeds pro rata to shareholders who otherwise would be entitled to the fractional shares. The holder
of a fractional share is entitled to exercise the rights for shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends, and to participate
in the assets of the association upon liquidation, in proportion to the fractional interest. The holder of script or warrants is not entitled
to any of these rights unless the script or warrants explicitly provide for such rights. The script or warrants may be subject to such
additional conditions as: (1) that the script or warrants will become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date; and
(2) that the shares for which the script or warrants are exchangeable may be sold at the option of the association and the proceeds paid
to scriptholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 8.25pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The association, at any time and from
time to time, may authorize and issue debt obligations, whether or not subordinated, without the approval of the shareholders. Obligations
classified as debt, whether or not subordinated, which may be issued by the association without the approval of shareholders, do not carry
voting rights on any issue, including an increase or decrease in the aggregate number of the securities, or the exchange or reclassification
of all or part of securities into securities of another class or series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">SIXTH.&#9;The board of directors shall appoint one of its members president
of this association, and one of its members chairperson of the board and shall have the power to appoint one or more vice presidents,
a secretary who shall keep minutes of the directors' and shareholders' meetings and be responsible for authenticating the records of the
association, and such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business of this association.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A duly appointed officer may appoint one or more
officers or assistant officers if authorized by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The board of directors shall have the power to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1)</FONT></TD><TD>Define the duties of the officers, employees, and agents of the association.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2)</FONT></TD><TD>Delegate the performance of its duties, but not the responsibility for its duties, to the officers, employees, and agents of the association.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3)</FONT></TD><TD>Fix the compensation and enter into employment contracts with its officers and employees upon reasonable terms and conditions consistent
with applicable law.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4)</FONT></TD><TD>Dismiss officers and employees.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5)</FONT></TD><TD>Require bonds from officers and employees and to fix the penalty thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6)</FONT></TD><TD>Ratify written policies authorized by the association's management or committees of the board.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7)</FONT></TD><TD>Regulate the manner in which any increase or decrease of the capital of the association shall be made, provided that nothing herein
shall restrict the power of shareholders to increase or decrease the capital of the association in accordance with law, and nothing shall
raise or lower from two-thirds the percentage required for shareholder approval to increase or reduce the capital.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8)</FONT></TD><TD>Manage and administer the business and affairs of the association.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9)</FONT></TD><TD>Adopt initial bylaws, not inconsistent with law or the articles of association, for managing the business and regulating the affairs
of the association.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10)</FONT></TD><TD>Amend or repeal bylaws, except to the extent that the articles of association reserve this power in whole or in part to shareholders.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11)</FONT></TD><TD>Make contracts.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12)</FONT></TD><TD>Generally perform all acts that are legal for a board of directors to perform.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">SEVENTH.&#9;The board of directors shall have the power to change the
location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Wilmington, Delaware, without the approval of the shareholders, or
with a vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of the stock of such association for a relocation outside such limits and upon receipt of
a certificate of approval from the Comptroller of the Currency, to any other location within or outside the limits of Wilmington Delaware,
but not more than 30 miles beyond such limits. The board of directors shall have the power to establish or change the location of any
branch or branches of the association to any other location permitted under applicable law, without approval of shareholders, subject
to approval by the Comptroller of the Currency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">EIGHTH.&#9;The corporate existence of this association shall continue
until termination according to the laws of the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">NINTH.&#9;The board of directors of this association, or any one or
more shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 50 percent of the stock of this association, may call a special meeting of shareholders
at any time. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or the laws of the United States, a notice of the time, place, and purpose of every
annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be given at least 10 days prior to the meeting by first-class mail, unless the OCC
determines that an emergency circumstance exists. If the association is a wholly-owned subsidiary, the sole shareholder may waive notice
of the shareholders&rsquo; meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the bylaws or these articles, any action requiring approval of shareholders
must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">TENTH.&#9;For purposes of this Article Tenth, the term &ldquo;institution-affiliated
party&rdquo; shall mean any institution-affiliated party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her
heirs, executors or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection
with any threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative
or investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however,
that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant
to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct
of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C.
1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant
to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators)
for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in
connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors
or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated
party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may
be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the board of directors
acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the institution-affiliated party (or
his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits, (b) a determination that the indemnified
individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial capacity to reimburse the bank in the event he or
she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety
and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or
her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person:
(i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the
association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect
to the association. In all other instances, expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or
administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under these articles of association
may be paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by
or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such
advancement in the event that such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found
not to be entitled to indemnification as authorized by these articles of association and (b) approval by the board of directors acting
by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval
by stockholders. To the extent permitted by law, the board of directors or, if applicable, the stockholders, shall not be required to
find that the institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection
with such action or proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that a majority of the members of
the board of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining
members of the board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of
the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth
have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the board of directors
may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that all of the members of the board
of directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the board shall authorize
independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether
the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Article Tenth have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions
have been met, the board of directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent permitted under applicable law, the
rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles of association (a) shall be available with respect
to events occurring prior to the adoption of these articles of association, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment
of these articles of association with respect to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable
law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable
law in effect at the time such rights are claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of
competent jurisdiction as if the association and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for
whom such rights are sought were parties to a separate written agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The rights of indemnification and to the advancement
of expenses provided in these articles of association shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of
any other rights to which any such institution affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter
be otherwise entitled whether contained in these articles of association, the bylaws, a resolution of stockholders, a resolution of the
board of directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these articles
of association shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party
(or of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor,
against the association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.85pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.85pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If this Article Tenth or any part hereof
shall be held unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary
to make it enforceable, and the remainder of this Article Tenth shall remain fully enforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The association may, upon affirmative vote of a
majority of its board of directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification
is allowed in these articles of association; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage to pay or reimburse any
institution-affiliated party for the cost of any judgment or civil money penalty assessed against such person in an administrative proceeding
or civil action commenced by any federal banking agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution-affiliated
parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">ELEVENTH.&#9;These articles of association may be amended at any regular
or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of this association, unless the
vote of the holders of a greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the holders of such greater amount.
The association's board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the articles of association for submission to the shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT 4</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>BY-LAWS OF WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Courier; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Effective as of March 7, 2024)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>AMENDED</B></FONT>
AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WILMINGTON</B></FONT>
TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE</B></FONT>
I</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Meetings
of</U></B></FONT><U> Shareholders</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 1. Annual Meeting</B></FONT>.
The annual meeting of shareholders shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated by the chair of the Board of Directors,
the chief executive officer, the president, the chief operating officer, the secretary, or the Board of Directors for the purpose of the
election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting, except such date shall not
be a legal holiday in Delaware. Notice of the meeting shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, at least 10 days and no more
than 60 days prior to the date thereof, addressed to each shareholder at his or her address appearing on the books of the association.
If, for any cause, an election of directors is not made on that date, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of
the date fixed, to be designated by the Board of Directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the date, by shareholders representing two-thirds
of the shares. In these circumstances, at least 10 days&rsquo; notice must be given by first class mail to shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 2. Special Meetings</B></FONT>.
The chair of the Board of Directors, the president, the chief executive officer, the secretary, or the Board of Directors may call a special
meeting of the shareholders. A special meeting shall be called to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders
upon the written request of shareholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter
at the meeting. Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called by mailing, postage prepaid, not less than
10 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting, to each shareholder at the address appearing on the books of the
association a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Board of Directors may fix a record date for determining shareholders
entitled to notice and to vote at any meeting, in reasonable proximity to the date of giving notice to the shareholders of such meeting.
The record date for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting is the date the first shareholder signs a demand for
the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.25pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 3. Adjournment</B></FONT>.
If an annual or special shareholders' meeting is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice need not be given of the new date,
time or place, if the new date, time or place is announced at the meeting before adjournment, unless any additional items of business
are to be considered, or the association becomes aware of an intervening event materially affecting any matter to be voted on more than
10 days prior to the date to which the meeting is adjourned. If a new record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed, however, notice
of the adjourned meeting must be given to persons who are shareholders as of the new record date. If, however, the meeting to elect the
directors is adjourned before the election takes place, at least ten days&rsquo; notice of the new election must be given to the shareholders
by first-class mail.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.25pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.25pt 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.25pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 4. Nominations
of Directors</B></FONT>. Nominations for election to the Board of Directors may be made by the Board of Directors or by any shareholder
of any outstanding class of capital stock of the association entitled to vote for the election of directors. Nominations, other than those
made by or on behalf of the existing management of the association, shall be made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the president
of the association, not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election of directors;
<I>provided, however, </I>that if less than 21 days' notice of the meeting is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or
delivered to the president of the association not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice
of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD>The name and address of each proposed nominee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD>The principal occupation of each proposed nominee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.3pt">The total number of shares of capital stock of the association that will be voted for each proposed nominee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD><TD>The name and residence of the notifying shareholder; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-right: 18.55pt">The number of shares of capital stock of the association owned by the notifying shareholder</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0">Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in his/her
discretion, be disregarded by the chair of the meeting, and upon his/her instructions, all votes cast for each such nominee may be disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 9.05pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 5. Proxies</B></FONT>.
Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing, but no officer or employee of this association
shall act as proxy. A director or an attorney of the association may act as proxy for shareholders voting if they are not also employed
as an officer of the association. Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting, to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting.
Proxies shall be dated and filed with the records of the meeting. Proxies with facsimile signatures may be used and unexecuted proxies
may be counted upon receipt of a written confirmation from the shareholder. Proxies meeting the above requirements submitted at any time
during a meeting shall be accepted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 6. Quorum</B></FONT>.
A majority of the outstanding capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders,
unless otherwise provided by law, but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned,
without further notice. A majority of the votes cast shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting,
unless otherwise provided by law or by the articles of association. If a meeting for the election of directors is not held on the fixed
date, at least 10 days&rsquo; notice must be given by first-class mail to the shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.4pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
</B></FONT>II</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Directors</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 1. Board of Directors</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors shall have the power to manage and administer the business and affairs of the association. Except as expressly
limited by law, all corporate powers of the association shall be vested in and may be exercised by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.25pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 2. Number</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five members, unless the OCC has exempted the association
from the 25-member limit. The exact number within such minimum and maximum limits is to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution
of a majority of the full Board of Directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any meeting thereof. The Board of Directors
may not increase the number of directors between meetings of shareholders to a number which: (a) exceeds by more than 2 the number of
directors last elected by shareholders where the number was 15 or less; or (b) exceeds by more than 4 the number of directors last elected
by shareholders where the number was 16 or more, but in no event shall the number of directors exceed 25, unless the OCC has exempted
the association from the 25-member limit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 3. Qualifications.</B></FONT>
Each director must be a citizen of the United States and must own in his or her own right either shares of the capital stock of the association
or a company that controls the association that has not less than an aggregate par value of $1,000, an aggregate shareholders&rsquo; equity
of $1,000, or an aggregate fair market value of $1,000. The value of the common or preferred stock held by a director is valued as of
the date purchased or the date on which the individual became a director, whichever is greater.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.25pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 4. Organization
Meeting</B></FONT>.&#9;After each annual meeting of shareholders at which directors shall have been elected, the Board of Directors shall
meet as soon as practicable for the purpose of organization and the transaction of other business. Such first regular meeting shall be
held at any place as may be designated by the chair, the president or the Board of Directors for such first regular meeting or, in default
of such designation, where the immediately preceding meeting of shareholders was held.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.05pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section
5. Regular Meetings</B></FONT>. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held on such dates and at such places as may be designated
from time to time by the chair. No notice of regular meetings shall be necessary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.55pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 6. Special
Meetings</B></FONT>. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called at any time by the chair, the chief executive officer,
the president or by a majority of the then- acting directors by vote at a meeting or in writing, or by a majority of the members of
the executive committee, if one is constituted, by vote at a meeting or in writing. A special meeting of the Board of Directors
shall be held on such date and at any place as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. In the absence of such
designation, such meeting shall be held at such place as may be designated in the call. Each member of the Board of Directors shall
be given notice stating the date, time and place, by letter, electronic delivery or in person, of each special meeting not less than
one day before the meeting. Such notice need not specify the purpose for which the meeting is called, unless required by the
Articles of Association or the bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.8pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 7. Quorum</B></FONT>.
A majority of the entire Board then in office shall constitute a quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law or these
Bylaws, but a lesser number may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice.
If the number of directors present at the meeting is reduced below the number that would constitute a quorum, no business may be transacted,
except selecting directors to fill vacancies in conformance with Article II, Section 11. If a quorum is present, the board of directors
may take action through the vote of a majority of the directors who are in attendance. No director may vote by proxy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 3.45pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 8. Attendance by
Electronic, Telephonic or Similar Means.</B></FONT> Any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate
in a regular or special meeting of such board or committee by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, <FONT STYLE="color: #333333">conference
telephone or other communications equipment </FONT>by which all directors or committee members participating may simultaneously hear each
other during the meeting. Participation in a meeting by these means constitutes presence in person at a meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 21.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 9. Procedures</B></FONT>.
The order of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of the Board of Directors may be determined by the person presiding
at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 10. Removal of
Directors</B></FONT>. Any director may be removed for cause at any meeting of shareholders, notice of which shall have referred to the
proposed action, by vote of the shareholders. Any director may be removed without cause at any meeting of shareholders, notice of which
shall have referred to the proposed action, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the association entitled to vote.
Any director may be removed for cause at any meeting of the directors, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by
vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.25pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 11. Vacancies</B></FONT>.
When any vacancy occurs among the directors, a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors may appoint a director to fill
such vacancy until the next election at any regular meeting of the Board of Directors, or at a special meeting called for that purpose
at which a quorum is present, or if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the Board of Directors, by the
affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors remaining in office, or by shareholders at a special meeting called for that purpose
in conformance with Section 2 of Article I. A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date (by reason of a resignation effective at
a later date) may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.25pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 12. Consent
of Directors without a Meeting</B></FONT>. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may
be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by all members of the Board. The action may be evidenced by one or more written
consents signed by each director before or after such action, describing the action taken, and included in the minutes or filed with
the corporate records. A director&rsquo;s consent to action taken without a meeting may be in electronic form and delivered by
electronic means.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.45pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 13. Ratification</B></FONT>.
The board of directors may ratify and make binding on the association any action or inaction by the association or its officers to the
extent that the Board of Directors or the shareholders could have originally authorized the matter and as permitted by law. Moreover,
any action or inaction questioned in any shareholders&rsquo; derivative proceeding or any other proceeding on the ground of lack of authority,
defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of a director, officer or shareholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, the application
of improper principles or practices of accounting or otherwise, may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or
by the shareholders, and if so ratified, shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned action or inaction had been originally
duly authorized, and such ratification shall be binding upon the shareholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of
any judgment in respect of such questioned action or inaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 13pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
</B></FONT>III</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Committees</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 1. Executive Committee</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee, which shall have and may exercise, during the intervals between meetings of
the Board of Directors, all the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business, properties and affairs of the association
except as prohibited by law, the Articles of Association or these Bylaws. All acts done and powers conferred by the Executive Committee
shall be deemed to be and may be certified as being, done or conferred under authority of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 2. Trust Audit
Committee.</B></FONT> Unless delegated pursuant to Section 5 of this Article III, there shall be a Trust Audit Committee composed of not
less than 2 directors, appointed by the Board of Directors, which shall, at least once during each calendar year make suitable audits
of the association&rsquo;s fiduciary activities or cause suitable audits to be made by auditors responsible only to the Board, and at
such time shall ascertain whether fiduciary powers have been administered according to law, Part 9 of the Regulations of the Comptroller
of the Currency, and sound fiduciary principles. Such committee: (1) must not include any officers of the association or an affiliate
who participate significantly in the administration of the association&rsquo;s fiduciary activities; and (2) must consist of a majority
of members who are not also members of any committee to which the Board of Directors has delegated power to manage and control the fiduciary
activities of the bank.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 3. Examining
Committee</B></FONT>. Unless delegated pursuant to Section 5 of this Article III, there shall be an examining committee composed of
not less than 2 directors, exclusive of any active officers, appointed by the board of directors annually or more often. The duty of
that committee shall be to examine at least once during each calendar year and within 15 months of the last examination the affairs
of the association or cause suitable examinations to be made by auditors responsible only to the board of directors and to report
the result of such examination in writing to the board of directors at the next regular meeting thereafter. Such report shall state
whether the association is in a sound condition, and whether adequate internal controls and procedures are being maintained and
shall recommend to the board of directors such changes in the manner of conducting the affairs of the association as shall be deemed
advisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 9.05pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 4. Other Committees</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors may from time to time by resolution adopted by affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, appoint
other committees of the Board of Directors which shall have such powers and duties as the Board of Directors may properly determine. No
such other committee of the Board of Directors shall be composed of fewer than three (3) directors. The Board of Directors may also appoint
one or more directors as alternative members of a committee. All acts done and powers conferred by the Board of Directors on committees
of the Board of Directors shall be deemed to be and may be certified as being, done or conferred under that authority of the Board of
Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 5. Delegation of
Responsibility and Authority</B></FONT>. The responsibility, authority and constitution of any committee under this Article III may, if
authorized by law, be given over to a duly constituted committee of the association&rsquo;s parent corporation by resolution adopted by
the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
</B></FONT>IV</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Officers
and</U></B></FONT><U> Employees</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.25pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 1
Officers.</B></FONT> The Board of Directors shall annually, at the Annual Reorganization Meeting of the Board of Directors following
the annual meeting of shareholders, appoint or elect a chair of the Board, a chief executive officer, a president, one (1) or more
senior executive vice presidents, a corporate secretary, a treasurer, a chief auditor, and such other officers as it may determine,
each to hold office until the next Annual Reorganization meeting. The officers below the level of senior executive vice president
may be elected as follows: the head of the Human Resources Department of M&amp;T Bank, or his or her designee, may appoint officers
up to and including (without limitation as to title or number) one (1) or more executive vice presidents, senior vice presidents,
vice presidents, assistant vice presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers, and assistant auditors, and any other
officer positions as they deem necessary and appropriate, except the chair of the board, chief executive officer, president, any
 &ldquo;Executive Officer&rdquo; of the association for the purposes of Regulation O (codified at 12 C.F.R. &sect;215.2(e)(1)), and
any &ldquo;Senior Executive Officer&rdquo; within the meaning of 12 C.F.R. &sect;5.51(c)(4) may only be appointed by the Board of
Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 2. Chair of the
Board</B></FONT>. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members to be the chair of the Board to serve at its pleasure. Such
person shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The chair of the Board shall supervise the carrying out of the policies
adopted or approved by the Board of Directors; shall have general executive powers, as well as the specific powers conferred by these
Bylaws; and shall also have and may exercise such further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned by
the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 3. President</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members to be the president of the association. The president shall be a member of
the Board of Directors. In the absence of the chair, the president shall preside at any meeting of the Board of Directors. The
president shall have general executive powers and shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law,
regulation, or practice to the office of president, or imposed by these Bylaws. The president shall also have and may exercise such
further powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred or assigned by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 21.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 4. Vice President</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors may appoint one or more vice presidents. Each vice president shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned
by the Board of Directors. One vice president shall be designated by the Board of Directors, in the absence of the president, to perform
all the duties of the president.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 5. Secretary</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors shall appoint a secretary or other designated officer who shall be secretary of the Board of Directors and of the
association and who shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings. The secretary shall attend to the giving of all notices required by these
Bylaws; shall be custodian of the corporate seal, records, documents and papers of the association; shall provide for the keeping of proper
records of all transactions of the association; shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation
or practice, or imposed by these bylaws; and shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned from time to time, by the Board of
Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.55pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 6. Other Officers</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors may appoint one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more trust officers, one or more officers, one or more
assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, one or more managers and assistant managers of branches and such other officers
and attorneys in fact as from time to time may appear to the Board of Directors to be required or desirable to transact the business of
the association. Such officers shall respectively exercise such powers and perform such duties as pertain to their several offices, or
as may be conferred upon or assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the chair of the Board, or the president. The Board of Directors
may authorize an officer to appoint one or more officers or assistant officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 7. Resignation</B></FONT>.
An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice to the association. A resignation is effective when the notice is given unless
the notice specifies a later effective date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
</B></FONT>V</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Stock</U></B></FONT><U>
and Stock Certificates</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.65pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 1. Transfers</B></FONT>.
Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock
shall be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall in proportion to such shareholder's shares, succeed to all
rights of the prior holder of such shares. The Board of Directors may impose conditions upon the transfer of the stock reasonably calculated
to simplify the work of the association with respect to stock transfers, voting at shareholder meetings and related matters and to protect
it against fraudulent transfers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.65pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.65pt 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.65pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 2. Stock
Certificates</B></FONT>. Certificates of stock shall bear the signature of the president (which may be engraved, printed or
impressed) and shall be signed manually, by facsimile process, or electronic means by the secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer,
assistant treasurer, or any other officer appointed by the Board of Directors for that purpose, to be known as an authorized
officer, and the seal of the association shall be engraved thereon. Each certificate shall recite on its face that the stock
represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the association properly endorsed and otherwise comply with the
requirements of 12 <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">U.S.C. 52 and 12 C.F.R. </FONT>&sect;7.2016(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 6.25pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 3. Lost, Stolen
or Destroyed Certificates</B></FONT>. In case any certificate representing shares shall be lost, stolen or destroyed, the Board of Directors,
in its discretion, or any officer or officers thereunder duly authorized by the Board of Directors, may authorize the issue of a substitute
certificate or substitute shares in uncertificated form in the place of the certificate so lost, stolen or destroyed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.9pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 4. Fixing of Record
Date</B></FONT>. The Board of Directors may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice
of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment
of any other rights, in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall be the
close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a
record date be more than 10 days before the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
</B></FONT>VII</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Corporate</U></B></FONT><U>
Seal</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 1. Seal</B></FONT>.
The seal of the association shall be in such form as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. The president, the
treasurer, the secretary or any assistant treasurer or assistant secretary, or other officer thereunto designated by the Board of Directors
shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any document requiring such seal and to attest the same. The seal on any corporate
obligation for the payment of money may be facsimile.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE</B></FONT>
VIII</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Miscellaneous</U></B></FONT><U>
Provisions</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 1. Fiscal Year</B></FONT>.
The fiscal year of the association shall be the calendar year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 2. Execution
of Instruments</B></FONT>. All agreements, indentures, mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations,
receipts, discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies
and other instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the
association by any officer elected or appointed pursuant to Article IV of these Bylaws. Any such instruments may also be executed,
acknowledged, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the association in such other manner and by such other officers as the
Board of Directors may from time to time direct. The provisions of this Section 2 are supplementary to any other provision of these
Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 3. Records</B></FONT>.
The Articles of Association, the Bylaws and the proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the Board of Directors, and standing
committees of the Board of Directors shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided for that purpose. The minutes of each meeting
shall be signed by the secretary, treasurer or other officer appointed to act as secretary of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 23.25pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section
4. Corporate Governance Procedures.</B></FONT> To the extent not inconsistent with federal banking statutes and regulations, or safe and
sound banking practices, the association may follow the Delaware General Corporation Law, Del. Code Ann. tit. 8 (1991, as amended 1994,
and as amended thereafter) with respect to matters of corporate governance procedures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 12.25pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 5. Indemnification.</B></FONT>
For purposes of this Section 5 of Article VIII, the term &ldquo;institution-affiliated party&rdquo; shall mean any institution-affiliated
party of the association as such term is defined in 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5pt 0pt 0">Any institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors
or administrators) may be indemnified or reimbursed by the association for reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with any
threatened, pending or completed actions or proceedings and appeals therein, whether civil, criminal, governmental, administrative or
investigative, in accordance with and to the fullest extent permitted by law, as such law now or hereafter exists; provided, however,
that when an administrative proceeding or action instituted by a federal banking agency results in a final order or settlement pursuant
to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from office or prohibited from participating in the conduct
of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C.
1818(b) with respect to the association, then the association shall require the repayment of all legal fees and expenses advanced pursuant
to the next succeeding paragraph and may not indemnify such institution-affiliated parties (or their heirs, executors or administrators)
for expenses, including expenses for legal fees, penalties or other payments incurred. The association shall provide indemnification in
connection with an action or proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors
or administrators) only if such action or proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.55pt 0pt 0">Expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party
(or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any action or proceeding under 12 U.S.C. 164 or 1818 may be
paid by the association in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) a determination by the Board of
Directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding that the
institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) has a reasonable basis for prevailing on the merits,
(b) a determination that the indemnified individual (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) will have the financial
capacity to reimburse the association in the event he or she does not prevail, (c) a determination that the payment of expenses and
fees by the association will not adversely affect the safety and soundness of the association, and (d) receipt of an undertaking by
or on behalf of such institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in
the event of a final order or settlement pursuant to which such person: (i) is assessed a civil money penalty, (ii) is removed from
office or prohibited from participating in the conduct of the affairs of the association, or (iii) is required to cease and desist
from or to take any affirmative action described in 12 U.S.C. 1818(b) with respect to the association. In all other instances,
expenses incurred by an institution-affiliated party (or by his or her heirs, executors or administrators) in connection with any
action or proceeding as to which indemnification may be given under the Articles of Association may be paid by the association in
advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon (a) receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such
institution-affiliated party (or by or on behalf of his or her heirs, executors or administrators) to repay such advancement in the
event that such institution- affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) is ultimately found not to be
entitled to indemnification as authorized by these Bylaws and (b) approval by the Board of Directors acting by a quorum consisting
of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding or, if such a quorum is not obtainable, then approval by shareholders.
To the extent permitted by law, the Board of Directors or, if applicable, the shareholders, shall not be required to find that the
institution-affiliated party has met the applicable standard of conduct provided by law for indemnification in connection with such
action or proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 3.45pt 0pt 0">In the event that a majority of the members of the Board
of Directors are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the remaining members
of the Board may authorize independent legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the remaining members of the Board
with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII
have been met. If independent legal counsel opines that said conditions have been met, the remaining members of the Board of Directors
may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 8.45pt 0pt 0">In the event that all of the members of the Board of Directors
are named as respondents in an administrative proceeding or civil action and request indemnification, the Board shall authorize independent
legal counsel to review the indemnification request and provide the Board with a written opinion of counsel as to whether the conditions
delineated in the first four paragraphs of this Section 5 of Article VIII have been met. If legal counsel opines that said conditions
have been met, the Board of Directors may rely on such opinion in authorizing the requested indemnification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 10.1pt 0pt 0">To the extent permitted under applicable law, the rights
of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in the Articles of Association (a) shall be available with respect to events
occurring prior to the adoption of these Bylaws, (b) shall continue to exist after any restrictive amendment of these Bylaws with respect
to events occurring prior to such amendment, (c) may be interpreted on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence
of the event or events giving rise to the action or proceeding, or on the basis of applicable law in effect at the time such rights are
claimed, and (d) are in the nature of contract rights which may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction as if the association
and the institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) for whom such rights are sought were parties to
a separate written agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 10.1pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 10.1pt 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 10.1pt 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 5.45pt 0pt 0">The rights of indemnification and to the advancement of
expenses provided in these Bylaws shall not, to the extent permitted under applicable law, be deemed exclusive of any other rights to
which any such institution-affiliated party (or his or her heirs, executors or administrators) may now or hereafter be otherwise entitled
whether contained in the association&rsquo;s Articles of Association, these Bylaws, a resolution of shareholders, a resolution of the
Board of Directors, or an agreement providing such indemnification, the creation of such other rights being hereby expressly authorized.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the rights of indemnification and to the advancement of expenses provided in these Bylaws
shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights, pursuant to statute or otherwise, of any such institution-affiliated party (or of his or
her heirs, executors or administrators) in any such action or proceeding to have assessed or allowed in his or her favor, against the
association or otherwise, his or her costs and expenses incurred therein or in connection therewith or any part thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If this Section 5 of Article VIII or any part hereof shall be held
unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make
it enforceable, and the remainder of this Section 5 of Article VIII shall remain fully enforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 7.95pt 0pt 0">The association may, upon affirmative vote of a majority
of its Board of Directors, purchase insurance to indemnify its institution-affiliated parties to the extent that such indemnification
is allowed in these Bylaws; provided, however, that no such insurance shall include coverage for a final order assessing civil money penalties
against such persons by a bank regulatory agency. Such insurance may, but need not, be for the benefit of all institution- affiliated
parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
</B></FONT>IX</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Inspection</U></B></FONT><U>
and Amendments</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 3.45pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 1. Inspection</B></FONT>.
A copy of the bylaws of the association, with all amendments, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the main office of the
association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during banking hours.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section 2. Amendments</B></FONT>.
The Board of Directors shall have the power, at any regular or special meeting thereof, to amend, alter or repeal the bylaws of the association,
or to make and adopt new bylaws. These Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted by the shareholders of
the association to the extent and as permitted in the Articles of Association or applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT 6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Section 321(b) Consent</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended,
Wilmington Trust, National Association hereby consents that reports of examinations by Federal, State, Territorial or District authorities
may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WILMINGTON
    TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: March 3, 2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;/s/ Michael H. Wass</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 48%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: Michael H. Wass</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Vice President</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-indent: -3.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-indent: -3.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-indent: -3.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT 7</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>REPORT OF CONDITION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">As of the close of business on December 31, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ASSETS</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thousands<BR>

    of Dollars</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 87%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
    and balances due from depository institutions:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">575,791</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,088</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Federal
    funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loans
    and leases held for sale:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loans
    and leases net of unearned income, allowance:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33,276</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Premises
    and fixed asset</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32,427</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    real estate owned:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">348</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investments
    in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    and indirect investments in real estate ventures:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intangible
    assets:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    assets:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">68,030</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    Assets:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">710,960</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">LIABILITIES</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Thousands <BR>
of Dollars</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 87%">Deposits</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">5,760</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Other borrowed money:</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Other Liabilities:</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">101,838</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Total Liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">107,598</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">EQUITY CAPITAL</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Thousands <BR>
of Dollars</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 87%; text-align: left">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">1,000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Surplus</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">352,350</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Retained Earnings</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">250,021</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Accumulated other comprehensive income</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(9</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Total Equity Capital</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">603,362</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Courier New, Courier, Monospace; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Total Liabilities and Equity Capital</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">710,960</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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              <b>Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</b>
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              <b>Security Class Title </b>
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              <b>Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule</b>
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              <b>Amount Registered</b>
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          </th>
          <th style="width: 15%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 5%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Fee Rate</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount of Registration Fee</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 1%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward Form Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward File Number</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward Initial Effective Date</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward</b>
            </p>
          </th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Newly Registered Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-400">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		1
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-401">Equity</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-402">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457rFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-403">457(r)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-404">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_2" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-405">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		2
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-406">Equity</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-407">Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457rFlg" contextRef="offrl_2" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-408">457(r)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-409">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_3" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-410">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		3
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-411">Debt</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-412">Debt Securities</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457rFlg" contextRef="offrl_3" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-413">457(r)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-414">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_4" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-415">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		4
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-416">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-417">Warrants</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457rFlg" contextRef="offrl_4" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-418">457(r)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-419">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-420">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		5
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-421">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-422">Stockholder Rights</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457rFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-423">457(r)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-424">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_6" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-425">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		6
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-426">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-427">Units</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457rFlg" contextRef="offrl_6" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-428">457(r)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-429">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fees Previously Paid
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Carry Forward Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Carry Forward Securities
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 16%;">
            <p id="MaxAggtOfferingPrice" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-430">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px black; width: 16%;">
            <p id="TotalFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-431">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fees Previously Paid:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalPreviouslyPaidAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-432">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fee Offsets:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalOffsetAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-433">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Net Fee Due:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="NetFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-434">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tbody>
          <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Offering Note</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-435">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width:10pt;"/>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">2</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-436">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width:10pt;"/>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">3</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-437">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width:10pt;"/>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">4</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-438">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width:10pt;"/>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">5</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-439">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="width:10pt;"/>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">6</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-440">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
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          <td style="width:10pt;"/>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm46288101956080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000930236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">REDWOOD TRUST INC<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3ASR<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissionLineItems</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm46288083598688">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1', window );">Offering: 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457rFlg', window );">Rule 457(r)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2', window );">Offering: 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457rFlg', window );">Rule 457(r)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3', window );">Offering: 3</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457rFlg', window );">Rule 457(r)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt Securities<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4', window );">Offering: 4</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457rFlg', window );">Rule 457(r)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Warrants<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5', window );">Offering: 5</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457rFlg', window );">Rule 457(r)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Stockholder Rights<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=6', window );">Offering: 6</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457rFlg', window );">Rule 457(r)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Units<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection r<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=3</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=4</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=5</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=6</td>
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm46288083686448">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fees Summary<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Feb. 28, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems', window );"><strong>Fees Summary [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt', window );">Total Offering</a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt', window );">Previously Paid Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt', window );">Total Fee Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
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<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="nump">$ 0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_NetFeeAmt</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlFeeAmt</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOfferingAmt</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOffsetAmt</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt</td>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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/* Report Styles */
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    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="rc" id="ixv-399">REDWOOD TRUST INC</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
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    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-401">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-402">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457rFlg contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-403">true</ffd:Rule457rFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_1"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-404"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-405">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-406">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-407">Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457rFlg contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-408">true</ffd:Rule457rFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_2"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-409"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-410">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-411">Debt</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-412">Debt Securities</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457rFlg contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-413">true</ffd:Rule457rFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_3"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-414"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-415">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-416">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-417">Warrants</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457rFlg contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-418">true</ffd:Rule457rFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_4"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-419"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-420">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-421">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-422">Stockholder Rights</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457rFlg contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-423">true</ffd:Rule457rFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-424"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-425">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-426">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-427">Units</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457rFlg contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-428">true</ffd:Rule457rFlg>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_6"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-429"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:TtlOfferingAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-430" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlOfferingAmt>
    <ffd:TtlFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-431" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlFeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-432" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOffsetAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-433" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlOffsetAmt>
    <ffd:NetFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-434" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:NetFeeAmt>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-435">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-436">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-437">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-438">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-439">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ffd:OfferingNote>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_6" id="ixv-440">(1) In accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the registrant is deferring payment of the entire registration fee, except for $596,964.80 of unused filing fees (the "Unused Filing Fees") previously paid with respect to unsold securities having an aggregate initial offering price of $4,825,005,547 in connection with the filing of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-185882-01), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on January 4, 2013, and Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-189370), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. and Sequoia Mortgage Funding Corporation on June 14, 2013. Offerings under these prior registration statements were completed and the registration statements expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (Registration No. 333-211339), which was initially filed by Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. on May 13, 2016. No offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-231338), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on May 9, 2019 and amended on March 12, 2021. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and the registration statement expired. Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees were to be applied to fees payable pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-263301), initially filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. on March 4, 2022. Offerings under this prior registration statement were completed and, pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act, the Unused Filing Fees will be applied to the fees payable pursuant to this Registration Statement and its related prospectus supplements on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(2) An unspecified number of securities or aggregate principal amount, as applicable, is being registered as may from time to time be offered at unspecified prices and, in addition, an unspecified number of additional shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock are being registered as may be issued from time to time upon conversion of any Debt Securities that are convertible into such securities or pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments with respect to any such convertible Debt Securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities or that are issued in units.</ffd:OfferingNote>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
