10-Q 1 hafc2018q1main.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2018
or

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From To
Commission File Number: 000-30421
HANMI FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  | 95-4788120
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3660 Wilshire Boulevard, Penthouse Suite A Los Angeles, California |  | 90010
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(213) 382-2200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Not Applicable
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, If Changed Since Last Report)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer |  | x | Accelerated Filer | ¨
Non-Accelerated Filer |  | ¨ (Do Not Check if a Smaller Reporting Company) | Smaller Reporting Company | ¨
|  |  | Emerging Growth Company | ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of May 7, 2018, there were 32,496,604 outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock.

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Table of Contents

Part I – Financial Information
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 53
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 53
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 54
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 54
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 54
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 54
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 54
Item 5. | Other Information | 54
Item 6. | Exhibits | 55
Signatures | 56

2

Part I — Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)

|  | (Unaudited) March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 151,611 |  |  | $ | 153,826 |
Securities available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $581,874 as of March 31, 2018 and $581,992 as of December 31, 2017) |  | 570,351 |  |  | 578,804 |
Loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or fair value |  | 6,008 |  |  | 6,394 |
Loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for loan and lease losses of $31,777 as of March 31, 2018 and $31,043 as of December 31, 2017 |  | 4,381,780 |  |  | 4,273,415 |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 12,751 |  |  | 12,770 |
Premises and equipment, net |  | 26,465 |  |  | 26,655 |
Customers’ liability on acceptances |  | 870 |  |  | 803 |
Servicing assets |  | 9,867 |  |  | 10,218 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net |  | 12,454 |  |  | 12,544 |
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock, at cost |  | 16,385 |  |  | 16,385 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  | 50,831 |  |  | 50,554 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | 66,268 |  |  | 68,117 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,305,641 |  |  | $ | 5,210,485 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing |  | $ | 1,352,162 |  |  | $ | 1,312,274 |
Interest-bearing |  | 3,025,939 |  |  | 3,036,380 |
Total deposits |  | 4,378,101 |  |  | 4,348,654 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 5,931 |  |  | 5,309 |
Bank’s liability on acceptances |  | 870 |  |  | 803 |
Borrowings |  | 220,000 |  |  | 150,000 |
Subordinated debentures |  | 117,400 |  |  | 117,270 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | 19,061 |  |  | 25,972 |
Total liabilities |  | 4,741,363 |  |  | 4,648,008 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 62,500,000 shares; issued 33,167,768 shares (32,502,658 shares outstanding) as of March 31, 2018 and issued 33,083,133 shares (32,431,627 shares outstanding) as of December 31, 2017 |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 567,081 |  |  | 565,627 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefit of $3,316 as of March 31, 2018 and $1,319 as of December 31, 2017 |  | (8,207 | ) |  | (1,869 | )
Retained earnings |  | 77,691 |  |  | 70,575 |
Less: treasury stock, at cost; 665,110 shares as of March 31, 2018 and 651,506 shares as of December 31, 2017 |  | (72,320 | ) |  | (71,889 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 564,278 |  |  | 562,477 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 5,305,641 |  |  | $ | 5,210,485 |

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
3

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Interest and dividend income: |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans and leases | $ | 51,574 |  |  | $ | 45,378 |
Interest on securities | 3,105 |  |  | 2,520 |
Dividends on FHLB stock | 289 |  |  | 374 |
Interest on deposits in other banks | 114 |  |  | 77 |
Total interest and dividend income | 55,082 |  |  | 48,349 |
Interest expense: |  |  |
Interest on deposits | 7,785 |  |  | 5,154 |
Interest on borrowings | 679 |  |  | 468 |
Interest on subordinated debentures | 1,694 |  |  | 373 |
Total interest expense | 10,158 |  |  | 5,995 |
Net interest income before provision for loan and lease losses | 44,924 |  |  | 42,354 |
Loan and lease loss provision (income) | 649 |  |  | (80 | )
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses | 44,275 |  |  | 42,434 |
Noninterest income: |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 2,511 |  |  | 2,528 |
Trade finance and other service charges and fees | 1,173 |  |  | 1,047 |
Gain on sales of Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans | 1,448 |  |  | 1,464 |
Disposition gains on Purchased Credit Impaired ("PCI") loans | 133 |  |  | 183 |
Net (loss) gain on sales of securities | (428 | ) |  | 269 |
Other operating income | 1,224 |  |  | 1,726 |
Total noninterest income | 6,061 |  |  | 7,217 |
Noninterest expense: |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 18,702 |  |  | 17,104 |
Occupancy and equipment | 4,072 |  |  | 3,982 |
Data processing | 1,678 |  |  | 1,631 |
Professional fees | 1,369 |  |  | 1,148 |
Supplies and communications | 708 |  |  | 635 |
Advertising and promotion | 876 |  |  | 802 |
Other operating expenses | 2,352 |  |  | 1,938 |
Total noninterest expense | 29,757 |  |  | 27,240 |
Income before income tax expense | 20,579 |  |  | 22,411 |
Income tax expense | 5,724 |  |  | 8,628 |
Net income | $ | 14,855 |  |  | $ | 13,783 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding: |  |  |
Basic | 32,145,214 |  |  | 32,001,766 |
Diluted | 32,301,095 |  |  | 32,191,458 |

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
4

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Net income | $ | 14,855 |  |  | $ | 13,783 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities: |  |  |
Unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during period | (8,864 | ) |  | 1,620 |
Less: reclassification adjustment for net loss (gain) included in net income | — |  |  | (269 | )
Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive income | 2,543 |  |  | (560 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (6,321 | ) |  | 791 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 8,534 |  |  | $ | 14,574 |

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
5

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)

| Common Stock - Number of Shares |  | Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares Issued |  | Treasury Shares |  | Shares Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock, at Cost |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at January 1, 2017 | 32,946,197 |  |  | (615,450 | ) |  | 32,330,747 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 562,446 |  |  | $ | (2,394 | ) |  | $ | 41,726 |  |  | $ | (70,786 | ) |  | $ | 531,025 |
Stock options exercised | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Restricted stock awards, net of forfeitures | 81,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,411 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 692 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 692 |
Restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability | — |  |  | (20,578 | ) |  | (20,578 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (648 | ) |  | (648 | )
Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,114 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,114 | )
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,783 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,783 |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 791 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 791 |
Balance at March 31, 2017 | 33,028,608 |  |  | (636,028 | ) |  | 32,392,580 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 563,151 |  |  | $ | (1,603 | ) |  | $ | 49,395 |  |  | $ | (71,434 | ) |  | $ | 539,542 |
Balance at January 1, 2018 | 33,083,133 |  |  | (651,506 | ) |  | 32,431,627 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 565,627 |  |  | $ | (1,869 | ) |  | $ | 70,575 |  |  | $ | (71,889 | ) |  | $ | 562,477 |
Adjustments related to adoption of new accounting standards: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ASU 2016-01 (See Notes 1 and 2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 382 |  |  | (382 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
ASU 2018-02 (See Notes 1 and 5) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (399 | ) |  | 399 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2018 | 33,083,133 |  |  | (651,506 | ) |  | 32,431,627 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 565,627 |  |  | $ | (1,886 | ) |  | $ | 70,592 |  |  | $ | (71,889 | ) |  | $ | 562,477 |
Stock options exercised | 25,750 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,750 |  |  | — |  |  | 570 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 570 |
Restricted stock awards, net of forfeitures | 58,885 |  |  | — |  |  | 58,885 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 884 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 884 |
Restricted stock surrendered due to employee tax liability | — |  |  | (13,604 | ) |  | (13,604 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (431 | ) |  | (431 | )
Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,756 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,756 | )
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,855 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,855 |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,321 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,321 | )
Balance at March 31, 2018 | 33,167,768 |  |  | (665,110 | ) |  | 32,502,658 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 567,081 |  |  | $ | (8,207 | ) |  | $ | 77,691 |  |  | $ | (72,320 | ) |  | $ | 564,278 |

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
6

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 14,855 |  |  | $ | 13,783 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,757 |  |  | 3,885 |
Share-based compensation expense | 884 |  |  | 692 |
Loan and lease loss provision (income) | 649 |  |  | (80 | )
Gain (loss) on sales of securities | 428 |  |  | (269 | )
Gain on sales of SBA loans | (1,448 | ) |  | (1,464 | )
Disposition gains on PCI loans | (133 | ) |  | (183 | )
Origination of SBA loans held for sale | (18,805 | ) |  | (19,192 | )
Proceeds from sales of SBA loans | 20,981 |  |  | 21,414 |
Change in accrued interest receivable | 19 |  |  | 213 |
Change in bank-owned life insurance | (277 | ) |  | (282 | )
Change in prepaid expenses and other assets | 5,192 |  |  | 5,117 |
Change in accrued interest payable | 622 |  |  | 52 |
Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities | (6,357 | ) |  | (3,569 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 18,367 |  |  | 20,117 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from matured, called and repayment of securities | 22,495 |  |  | 17,404 |
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale | 21,958 |  |  | 12,573 |
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned ("OREO") | — |  |  | 3,349 |
Change in loans and leases receivable, excluding purchases | (70,838 | ) |  | (66,556 | )
Purchases of securities | (46,641 | ) |  | (60,960 | )
Purchases of premises and equipment | (481 | ) |  | (411 | )
Purchases of loans receivable | (38,905 | ) |  | (33,573 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (112,412 | ) |  | (128,174 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Change in deposits | 29,447 |  |  | 273,428 |
Change in overnight FHLB borrowings | 70,000 |  |  | (265,000 | )
Issuance of subordinated debentures | — |  |  | 97,735 |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 570 |  |  | 13 |
Cash paid for treasury shares acquired in respect of share-based compensation | (431 | ) |  | (648 | )
Cash dividends paid | (7,756 | ) |  | (6,114 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 91,830 |  |  | 99,414 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (2,215 | ) |  | (8,643 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 153,826 |  |  | 147,235 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 151,611 |  |  | $ | 138,592 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid (received) during the period for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 9,536 |  |  | $ | 5,943 |
Income taxes | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | (101 | )
Non-cash activities: |  |  |
Income tax benefit (expense) related to items in other comprehensive income | $ | 2,543 |  |  | $ | (560 | )
Change in unrealized loss (gain) in accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | 8,864 |  |  | $ | (1,620 | )
Cash dividends declared | $ | (7,756 | ) |  | $ | (6,114 | )

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
7

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017
Note 1 — Organization and Basis of Presentation
Hanmi Financial Corporation (“Hanmi Financial,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a bank holding company whose subsidiary is Hanmi Bank (the “Bank”). Our primary operations are related to traditional banking activities, including the acceptance of deposits and the lending and investing of money through the operation of the Bank.
In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Hanmi Financial and its subsidiaries reflect all adjustments of a normal and recurring nature that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period ended March 31, 2018, but are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be reported for the entire year or any other interim period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. The aforementioned unaudited consolidated financial statements are in conformity with GAAP. Such interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The interim information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K”).
The preparation of interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Material estimates subject to change include, among other items, the determination of allowance for loan and lease losses and various other assets and liabilities measured at fair value. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Descriptions of our significant accounting policies are included in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825) and ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). Summaries of ASU 2016-01 and 2018-02 and the impact of their adoption are included in Notes 2 and 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively. In addition to other provisions, ASU 2016-01 requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Beginning with the current quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company measured the fair value of certain financial instruments, included in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, using an exit price notion.
The Company also adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as of January 1, 2018, as required. ASU 2014-09 replaces existing revenue recognition guidance for contracts to provide goods or services to customers and amends existing guidance related to recognition of gains and losses on the sale of certain nonfinancial assets such as real estate. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the impact of the adoption of this new standard on the Company's consolidated financial statement.
8

Note 2 — Securities
The following is a summary of securities available for sale as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gain |  | Gross Unrealized Loss |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities (1) | $ | 322,186 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7,223 |  |  | $ | 314,969 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1) | 127,125 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 2,945 |  |  | 124,188 |
U.S. government agency securities | 7,499 |  |  | — |  |  | 131 |  |  | 7,368 |
Municipal bonds-tax exempt | 125,064 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 1,457 |  |  | 123,826 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 581,874 |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 11,756 |  |  | $ | 570,351 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities (1) | $ | 306,166 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |  |  | $ | 303,609 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1) | 119,658 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,898 |  |  | 117,768 |
U.S. government agency securities | 7,499 |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |  |  | 7,414 |
Municipal bonds-tax exempt | 125,601 |  |  | 1,943 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 127,475 |
U.S. treasury securities | 152 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 152 |
Mutual funds | 22,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 530 |  |  | 22,386 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 581,992 |  |  | $ | 2,096 |  |  | $ | 5,284 |  |  | $ | 578,804 |

(1) | Collateralized by residential mortgages and guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored entities.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities as of March 31, 2018, by contractual or expected maturity, are shown below. Collateralized mortgage obligations are included in the table shown below based on their expected maturities. All other securities are included based on their contractual maturities.

| Available for Sale
| Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Within one year | $ | 12,847 |  |  | $ | 12,801 |
Over one year through five years | 77,973 |  |  | 76,519 |
Over five years through ten years | 251,941 |  |  | 247,151 |
Over ten years | 239,113 |  |  | 233,880 |
Total | $ | 581,874 |  |  | $ | 570,351 |

9

Gross unrealized losses on securities available for sale, the estimated fair value of the related securities and the number of securities aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

| Holding Period
| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| Gross Unrealized Loss |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Number of Securities |  | Gross Unrealized Loss |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Number of Securities |  | Gross Unrealized Loss |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Number of Securities
| (in thousands, except number of securities)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 5,777 |  |  | $ | 243,061 |  |  | 83 |  |  | $ | 1,446 |  |  | $ | 54,871 |  |  | 28 |  |  | $ | 7,223 |  |  | $ | 297,932 |  |  | 111 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 1,388 |  |  | 65,798 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 1,557 |  |  | 51,314 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 2,945 |  |  | 117,112 |  |  | 54 |
U.S. government agency securities | 36 |  |  | 1,464 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 5,905 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 7,369 |  |  | 3 |
Municipal bonds-tax exempt | 1,331 |  |  | 89,320 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 2,632 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,457 |  |  | 91,952 |  |  | 42 |
Total | $ | 8,532 |  |  | $ | 399,643 |  |  | 142 |  |  | $ | 3,224 |  |  | $ | 114,722 |  |  | 68 |  |  | $ | 11,756 |  |  | $ | 514,365 |  |  | 210 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 1,855 |  |  | $ | 197,621 |  |  | 66 |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 56,998 |  |  | 25 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |  |  | $ | 254,619 |  |  | 91 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 773 |  |  | 65,726 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | 49,986 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 1,898 |  |  | 115,712 |  |  | 52 |
U.S. government agency securities | 15 |  |  | 1,484 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 5,930 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 7,414 |  |  | 3 |
Municipal bonds-tax exempt | 48 |  |  | 11,541 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 2,737 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 14,278 |  |  | 8 |
Municipal bonds-taxable | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mutual funds | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 530 |  |  | 22,382 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 530 |  |  | 22,382 |  |  | 6 |
Total | $ | 2,691 |  |  | $ | 276,372 |  |  | 93 |  |  | $ | 2,593 |  |  | $ | 138,033 |  |  | 67 |  |  | $ | 5,284 |  |  | $ | 414,405 |  |  | 160 |

All individual securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included securities with issuers which have not established any cause for default on these securities. These securities have fluctuated in value since their purchase dates as market interest rates have fluctuated.
The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Interest payments have been made as scheduled, and management believes this will continue in the future and that the bonds will be repaid in full as scheduled. Therefore, in management’s opinion, all securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the past 12 months or longer as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were not other-than-temporarily impaired, and therefore, no impairment charges as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were warranted.
Realized gains and losses on sales of securities and proceeds from sales of securities were as follows for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (in thousands)
Gross realized gains on sales of securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 269 |
Gross realized losses on sales of securities | (957 | ) |  | — |
Net realized (losses) gains on sales of securities | $ | (957 | ) |  | $ | 269 |
Proceeds from sales of securities | $ | 21,958 |  |  | $ | 12,573 |

In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825). This new guidance, among other provisions, amends accounting related to the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities. We adopted this guidance, as required, in the first quarter of 2018. ASU 2016-01 requires the amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income
10

for equity securities that exist as of the date of adoption previously classified as available-for-sale to be reclassified to retained earnings. The Company reduced the balance of securities by $529,000 as of January 1, 2018, representing the loss related to all of our mutual fund equity securities, which resulted in a net reduction of retained earnings of $382,000 and an increase of $147,000 in net deferred tax assets based on the transition requirements of this standard.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we sold all of our mutual fund equity securities with gross realized losses of $957,000. The Company recorded a $428,000 net loss in earnings resulting from the sale these securities. The remaining loss of $529,000 related to these sold securities was recorded as a transition adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of the beginning of the period as described in the preceding paragraph. There was a $269,000 net gain in earnings resulting from sales of securities during the three months ended March 31, 2017, that had previously been recorded as net unrealized gains of $319,000 in comprehensive income.
Securities available for sale with market values of $130.8 million and $130.1 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.
11

Note 3 — Loans and leases
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net
Loans and leases receivable consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| (in thousands)
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |
Retail | $ | 909,414 |  |  | $ | 915,273 |
Hospitality | 731,531 |  |  | 681,325 |
Other (1) | 1,423,903 |  |  | 1,417,273 |
Total commercial property loans | 3,064,848 |  |  | 3,013,871 |
Construction | 57,896 |  |  | 55,190 |
Residential property | 545,053 |  |  | 521,853 |
Total real estate loans | 3,667,797 |  |  | 3,590,914 |
Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |
Commercial term | 184,083 |  |  | 182,685 |
Commercial lines of credit | 190,255 |  |  | 181,894 |
International loans | 35,042 |  |  | 34,622 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 409,380 |  |  | 399,201 |
Leases receivable | 321,481 |  |  | 297,284 |
Consumer loans (2) | 14,899 |  |  | 17,059 |
Loans and leases receivable | 4,413,557 |  |  | 4,304,458 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (31,777 | ) |  | (31,043 | )
Loans and leases receivable, net | $ | 4,381,780 |  |  | $ | 4,273,415 |

(1) | Includes, among other types, mixed-use, apartment, office, industrial, gas stations, faith-based facilities and warehouse; all other property types represent less than one percent of total loans and leases receivable.

(2) | Consumer loans include home equity lines of credit of $12.7 million and $14.2 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Accrued interest on loans and leases receivable was $10.3 million and $10.2 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, loans receivable of $1.1 billion were pledged to secure borrowing facilities from the FHLB.
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Loans Held for Sale
The following is the activity for SBA loans held for sale for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

| SBA Loans Held for Sale
| Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Total
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 3,746 |  |  | $ | 2,648 |  |  | $ | 6,394 |
Originations | 10,433 |  |  | 8,372 |  |  | 18,805 |
Sales | (12,028 | ) |  | (7,159 | ) |  | (19,187 | )
Principal payoffs and amortization | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (4 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 2,151 |  |  | $ | 3,857 |  |  | $ | 6,008 |
March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 7,410 |  |  | $ | 1,906 |  |  | $ | 9,316 |
Originations | 12,633 |  |  | 6,559 |  |  | 19,192 |
Sales | (12,254 | ) |  | (7,389 | ) |  | (19,643 | )
Principal payoffs and amortization | — |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (16 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 7,789 |  |  | $ | 1,060 |  |  | $ | 8,849 |

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
Activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses was as follows for the periods indicated:

| As of and for the Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2018 |  | March 31, 2017
| (in thousands)
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 31,043 |  |  | $ | 32,429 |
Charge-offs | (1,632 | ) |  | (186 | )
Recoveries on loans and leases previously charged off | 1,717 |  |  | 989 |
Net recoveries | 85 |  |  | 803 |
Loan and lease loss provision (income) | 649 |  |  | (80 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 31,777 |  |  | $ | 33,152 |

Management believes the allowance for loan and lease losses is appropriate to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. However, the allowance is an estimate that is inherently uncertain and depends on the outcome of future events. Management’s estimates are based on previous loss experience; volume, growth and composition of the loan and lease portfolio; the value of collateral; and current economic conditions. Our lending is concentrated generally in real estate, commercial, SBA and trade finance lending to small and middle market businesses primarily in California, Texas, Illinois, Virginia, New Jersey, New York, Colorado, Georgia and Washington State.
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The following table details the information on the allowance for loan and lease losses by portfolio segment as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

| Real Estate |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Leases Receivable |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
| (In thousands)
As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses on loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 17,012 |  |  | $ | 7,400 |  |  | 6,279 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 31,043 |
Charge-offs | (989 | ) |  | (279 | ) |  | (364 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,632 | )
Recoveries on loans and leases previously charged off | 885 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,717 |
Loan and lease loss provision (income) | 732 |  |  | (967 | ) |  | 1,100 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (218 | ) |  | 649 |
Ending balance | $ | 17,640 |  |  | $ | 6,890 |  |  | $ | 7,110 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 31,777 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,549 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 1,110 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,016 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 16,091 |  |  | $ | 6,533 |  |  | $ | 6,000 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 28,761 |
Loans and leases receivable | $ | 3,667,797 |  |  | $ | 409,380 |  |  | $ | 321,481 |  |  | $ | 14,899 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,413,557 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 18,513 |  |  | $ | 2,843 |  |  | $ | 4,200 |  |  | $ | 894 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,450 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 3,649,284 |  |  | $ | 406,537 |  |  | $ | 317,281 |  |  | $ | 14,005 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,387,107 |

As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses on loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 26,134 |  |  | $ | 5,623 |  |  | 307 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | 32,429 |
Charge-offs | (104 | ) |  | (40 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (186 | )
Recoveries on loans and leases previously charged off | 712 |  |  | 277 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 989 |
Loan and lease loss provision (income) | (1,140 | ) |  | 95 |  |  | 715 |  |  | (69 | ) |  | 319 |  |  | (80 | )
Ending balance | $ | 25,602 |  |  | $ | 5,955 |  |  | $ | 980 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 33,152 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 3,756 |  |  | $ | 791 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,547 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 21,846 |  |  | $ | 5,164 |  |  | $ | 980 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 28,605 |
Loans and leases receivable | $ | 3,348,875 |  |  | $ | 317,682 |  |  | $ | 259,591 |  |  | $ | 17,803 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,943,951 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 20,795 |  |  | $ | 3,828 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 321 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,944 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 3,328,080 |  |  | $ | 313,854 |  |  | $ | 259,591 |  |  | $ | 17,482 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,919,007 |

14

Loan and Lease Quality Indicators
As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan and lease portfolio, we utilize an internal loan and lease grading system to identify credit risk and assign an appropriate grade, from 0 to 8, for each loan or lease in our loan and lease portfolio. Third party loan reviews are performed throughout the year. Additional adjustments are made when determined to be necessary. The loan and lease grade definitions are as follows:
Pass and Pass-Watch: Pass and pass-watch loans and leases, grades 0-4, are in compliance in all respects with the Bank’s credit policy and regulatory requirements, and do not exhibit any potential or defined weaknesses as defined under Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful. This category is the strongest level of the Bank’s loan and lease grading system. It incorporates all performing loans and leases with no credit weaknesses. It includes cash and stock/security secured loans or other investment grade loans.
Special Mention: A special mention credit, grade 5, has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If not corrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects of the debt and result in a Substandard classification. Loans and leases that have significant actual, not potential, weaknesses are considered more severely classified.
Substandard: A substandard credit, grade 6, has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. A credit graded Substandard is not protected by the sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower, or of the value and type of collateral pledged. With a Substandard loan or lease, there is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the weaknesses or deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful: A doubtful credit, grade 7, is one that has critical weaknesses that would make the collection or liquidation of the full amount due improbable. However, there may be pending events which may work to strengthen the credit, and therefore the amount or timing of a possible loss cannot be determined at the current time.
Loss: A loan or lease classified as loss, grade 8, is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as an active bank asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan or lease has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset even though partial recovery may be possible in the future. Loans and leases classified as loss are charged off in a timely manner.
Under regulatory guidance, loans and leases graded special mention or worse are considered criticized loans and leases, and loans and leases graded substandard or worse are considered classified loans and leases.
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As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, pass/pass-watch, special mention and classified loans and leases, disaggregated by loan class, were as follows:

| Pass/Pass-Watch |  | Special Mention |  | Classified |  | Total
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 903,510 |  |  | $ | 375 |  |  | $ | 5,529 |  |  | $ | 909,414 |
Hospitality | 717,252 |  |  | 4,220 |  |  | 10,059 |  |  | 731,531 |
Other | 1,407,438 |  |  | 9,040 |  |  | 7,425 |  |  | 1,423,903 |
Construction | 57,896 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,896 |
Residential property | 544,516 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 545,053 |
Total real estate loans | 3,630,612 |  |  | 13,936 |  |  | 23,249 |  |  | 3,667,797 |
Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial term | 180,355 |  |  | 757 |  |  | 2,971 |  |  | 184,083 |
Commercial lines of credit | 189,514 |  |  | 741 |  |  | — |  |  | 190,255 |
International loans | 35,042 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,042 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 404,911 |  |  | 1,498 |  |  | 2,971 |  |  | 409,380 |
Leases receivable | 317,281 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,200 |  |  | 321,481 |
Consumer loans | 13,864 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 833 |  |  | 14,899 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 4,366,668 |  |  | $ | 15,636 |  |  | $ | 31,253 |  |  | $ | 4,413,557 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 909,682 |  |  | $ | 454 |  |  | $ | 5,137 |  |  | $ | 915,273 |
Hospitality | 667,254 |  |  | 4,976 |  |  | 9,095 |  |  | 681,325 |
Other | 1,397,658 |  |  | 11,045 |  |  | 8,570 |  |  | 1,417,273 |
Construction | 55,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,190 |
Residential property | 521,261 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 521,853 |
Total real estate loans | 3,551,045 |  |  | 16,780 |  |  | 23,089 |  |  | 3,590,914 |
Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial term | 179,835 |  |  | 439 |  |  | 2,411 |  |  | 182,685 |
Commercial lines of credit | 181,462 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 181,894 |
International loans | 34,622 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,622 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 395,919 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 2,593 |  |  | 399,201 |
Leases receivable | 292,832 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,452 |  |  | 297,284 |
Consumer loans | 15,995 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | 17,059 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 4,255,791 |  |  | $ | 17,469 |  |  | $ | 31,198 |  |  | $ | 4,304,458 |

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The following is an aging analysis of loans and leases, disaggregated by loan class, as of the dates indicated:

| 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 295 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 689 |  |  | $ | 984 |  |  | $ | 908,430 |  |  | $ | 909,414 |
Hospitality | 5,585 |  |  | — |  |  | 819 |  |  | 6,404 |  |  | 725,127 |  |  | 731,531 |
Other | 348 |  |  | — |  |  | 683 |  |  | 1,031 |  |  | 1,422,872 |  |  | 1,423,903 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,896 |  |  | 57,896 |
Residential property | 1,715 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,715 |  |  | 543,338 |  |  | 545,053 |
Total real estate loans | 7,943 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,191 |  |  | 10,134 |  |  | 3,657,663 |  |  | 3,667,797 |
Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial term | 496 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 1,161 |  |  | 182,922 |  |  | 184,083 |
Commercial lines of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 190,255 |  |  | 190,255 |
International loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,042 |  |  | 35,042 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 496 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 1,161 |  |  | 408,219 |  |  | 409,380 |
Leases receivable | 2,211 |  |  | 816 |  |  | 3,089 |  |  | 6,116 |  |  | 315,365 |  |  | 321,481 |
Consumer loans | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 14,891 |  |  | 14,899 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 10,656 |  |  | $ | 1,224 |  |  | $ | 5,539 |  |  | $ | 17,419 |  |  | $ | 4,396,138 |  |  | $ | 4,413,557 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | 741 |  |  | $ | 914,532 |  |  | $ | 915,273 |
Hospitality | 3,421 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 3,987 |  |  | 677,338 |  |  | 681,325 |
Other | 1,245 |  |  | 1,333 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 3,141 |  |  | 1,414,132 |  |  | 1,417,273 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,190 |  |  | 55,190 |
Residential property | 609 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 609 |  |  | 521,244 |  |  | 521,853 |
Total real estate loans | 5,371 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  | 1,591 |  |  | 8,478 |  |  | 3,582,436 |  |  | 3,590,914 |
Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial term | 430 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 829 |  |  | 1,826 |  |  | 180,859 |  |  | 182,685 |
Commercial lines of credit | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 182 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 181,462 |  |  | 181,894 |
International loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,622 |  |  | 34,622 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 680 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 2,258 |  |  | 396,943 |  |  | 399,201 |
Leases receivable | 2,295 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 3,554 |  |  | 6,793 |  |  | 290,491 |  |  | 297,284 |
Consumer loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,059 |  |  | 17,059 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 8,346 |  |  | $ | 3,027 |  |  | $ | 6,156 |  |  | $ | 17,529 |  |  | $ | 4,286,929 |  |  | $ | 4,304,458 |

There was $17,000 of loans that were 90 days or more past due and accruing interest as of March 31, 2018 and no loans that were 90 days or more past due and accruing interest as of December 31, 2017.
Impaired Loans and Leases
Loans and leases are considered impaired when the Bank will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments per the contractual terms of the loan and lease agreement, unless the loan is well-collateralized and in the process of collection; or they are classified as Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) because, due to the financial difficulties of the borrowers, we have granted concessions to the borrowers we would not otherwise consider; or when current information or events make it unlikely to collect in full according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease agreements; or there is a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition that raises uncertainty as to timely collection of either principal or interest; or full payment of both interest and principal is in doubt according to the original contractual terms.
We evaluate loan and lease impairment in accordance with applicable GAAP. Impaired loans and leases are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivable's effective interest rate or, as a practical
17

expedient, at the receivable's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan or lease is collateral dependent, less estimated costs to sell. If the measure of the impaired loan or lease is less than the recorded investment in the loan or lease, the deficiency is either charged off against the allowance for loan and lease losses or we establish a specific allocation in the allowance for loan and lease losses. Additionally, loans and leases that are considered impaired are specifically excluded from the quarterly migration analysis when determining the amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses required for the period.
The allowance for collateral-dependent loans is determined by calculating the difference between the outstanding loan balance and the value of the collateral as determined by recent appraisals. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans varies from loan to loan based on the collateral coverage of the loan at the time of designation as nonperforming. We continue to monitor the collateral coverage, using recent appraisals, on these loans on a quarterly basis and adjust the allowance accordingly.
The following tables provide information on impaired loans and leases, disaggregated by loan class, as of the dates indicated:

| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | With No Related Allowance Recorded |  | With an Allowance Recorded |  | Related Allowance
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 1,394 |  |  | $ | 1,417 |  |  | $ | 1,336 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Hospitality | 7,413 |  |  | 8,962 |  |  | 3,671 |  |  | 3,742 |  |  | 1,543 |
Other | 7,255 |  |  | 7,778 |  |  | 7,140 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 1 |
Residential property | 2,450 |  |  | 2,596 |  |  | 2,450 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate loans | 18,512 |  |  | 20,753 |  |  | 14,597 |  |  | 3,916 |  |  | 1,549 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 2,843 |  |  | 2,934 |  |  | 1,344 |  |  | 1,499 |  |  | 357 |
Leases receivable | 4,200 |  |  | 4,324 |  |  | 934 |  |  | 3,265 |  |  | 1,110 |
Consumer loans | 894 |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | 895 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans and leases | $ | 26,449 |  |  | $ | 29,098 |  |  | $ | 17,770 |  |  | $ | 8,680 |  |  | $ | 3,016 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 1,403 |  |  | $ | 1,423 |  |  | $ | 1,246 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Hospitality | 6,184 |  |  | 7,220 |  |  | 2,144 |  |  | 4,040 |  |  | 1,677 |
Other | 8,513 |  |  | 9,330 |  |  | 7,569 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 394 |
Residential property | 2,563 |  |  | 2,728 |  |  | 824 |  |  | 1,739 |  |  | 21 |
Total real estate loans | 18,663 |  |  | 20,701 |  |  | 11,783 |  |  | 6,880 |  |  | 2,093 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 3,039 |  |  | 3,081 |  |  | 1,068 |  |  | 1,971 |  |  | 441 |
Leases receivable | 4,452 |  |  | 4,626 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 3,997 |  |  | 3,334 |
Consumer loans | 1,029 |  |  | 1,215 |  |  | 919 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 10 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 27,183 |  |  | $ | 29,623 |  |  | $ | 14,225 |  |  | $ | 12,958 |  |  | $ | 5,878 |

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| Three Months Ended
| Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |
Retail | $ | 1,409 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Hospitality | 8,105 |  |  | 141 |
Other | 7,843 |  |  | 110 |
Residential property | 2,580 |  |  | 30 |
Total real estate loans | 19,937 |  |  | 303 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 2,914 |  |  | 40 |
Leases receivable | 4,603 |  |  | 10 |
Consumer loans | 1,048 |  |  | 14 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 28,502 |  |  | $ | 367 |
March 31, 2017 |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |
Retail | $ | 1,667 |  |  | $ | 31 |
Hospitality | 6,254 |  |  | 67 |
Other | 10,160 |  |  | 183 |
Residential property | 2,773 |  |  | 33 |
Total real estate loans | 20,854 |  |  | 314 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 3,892 |  |  | 59 |
Consumer loans | 324 |  |  | 3 |
Total loans and leases | $ | 25,070 |  |  | $ | 376 |

The following is a summary of interest foregone on impaired loans and leases for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (in thousands)
Interest income that would have been recognized had impaired loans and leases performed in accordance with their original terms | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | 591 |
Less: Interest income recognized on impaired loans and leases | (367 | ) |  | (376 | )
Interest foregone on impaired loans and leases | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | 215 |

There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans are included in the table above.
Nonaccrual Loans and Leases and Nonperforming Assets
Loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the full timely collection of principal or interest is in doubt. Generally, the accrual of interest is discontinued when principal or interest payments become more than 90 days past due, unless management believes the receivable is adequately collateralized and in the process of collection. However, in certain instances, we may place a particular loan or lease receivable on nonaccrual status earlier, depending upon the individual circumstances surrounding the delinquency. When a receivable is placed on nonaccrual status,
19

previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed against current income. Subsequent collections of cash are applied as principal reductions when received, except when the ultimate collectability of principal is probable, in which case interest payments are credited to income. Nonaccrual loans and leases may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest payments become current and full repayment is expected.
The following table details nonaccrual loans and leases, excluding nonaccrual PCI loans of $1.0 million and $0.9 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, disaggregated by loan class, as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| (in thousands)
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |
Retail | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 224 |
Hospitality | 6,495 |  |  | 5,263 |
Other | 1,292 |  |  | 2,462 |
Residential property | 451 |  |  | 591 |
Total real estate loans | 8,475 |  |  | 8,540 |
Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |
Commercial term | 1,881 |  |  | 1,710 |
Commercial lines of credit | — |  |  | 182 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 1,881 |  |  | 1,892 |
Leases receivable | 4,200 |  |  | 4,452 |
Consumer loans | 789 |  |  | 921 |
Total nonaccrual loans and leases | $ | 15,345 |  |  | $ | 15,805 |

The following table details nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| (in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans and leases | $ | 15,345 |  |  | $ | 15,805 |
Loans and leases 90 days or more past due and still accruing | 17 |  |  | — |
Total nonperforming loans and leases | 15,362 |  |  | 15,805 |
Other real estate owned ("OREO") | 1,660 |  |  | 1,946 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 17,022 |  |  | $ | 17,751 |

OREO is included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
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Troubled Debt Restructurings
The following table details TDRs as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

| Nonaccrual TDRs |  | Accrual TDRs
| Deferral of Principal |  | Deferral of Principal and Interest |  | Reduction of Principal and Interest |  | Extension of Maturity |  | Total |  | Deferral of Principal |  | Deferral of Principal and Interest |  | Reduction of Principal and Interest |  | Extension of Maturity |  | Total
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans | $ | 1,479 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,203 |  |  | $ | 3,408 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,356 |  |  | $ | 1,230 |  |  | 5,994 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 128 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 740 |  |  | 484 |  |  | 1,459 |  |  |  |  |  | 177 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 1,017 |
Consumer loans | 789 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 789 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |
Total TDR loans | $ | 2,396 |  |  | $ | 3,816 |  |  | $ | 755 |  |  | $ | 484 |  |  | $ | 7,451 |  |  | $ | 3,408 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 1,931 |  |  | $ | 1,599 |  |  | $ | 7,115 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans | $ | 1,935 |  |  | $ | 3,761 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,760 |  |  | $ | 3,409 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,387 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 6,033 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 131 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 1,529 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 503 |  |  | 427 |  |  | 1,118 |
Consumer loans | 811 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 811 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |
Total TDR loans | $ | 2,877 |  |  | $ | 3,884 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 8,100 |  |  | $ | 3,415 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 1,998 |  |  | $ | 1,664 |  |  | $ | 7,259 |

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, total TDRs were $14.6 million and $15.4 million, respectively. A debt restructuring is considered a TDR if we grant a concession, that we would not have otherwise considered, to the borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties. Loans are considered to be TDRs if they were restructured through payment structure modifications such as reducing the amount of principal and interest due monthly and/or allowing for interest only monthly payments for three months or more. All TDRs are impaired and are individually evaluated for specific impairment using one of these three criteria: (1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (2) the loan’s observable market price; or (3) the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $1.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively, of allowance relating to these loans were included in the allowance for loan and lease losses.
For the restructured loans on accrual status, we determined that, based on the financial capabilities of the borrowers at the time of the loan restructuring and the borrowers’ past performance in the payment of debt service under the previous loan terms, performance and collection under the revised terms are probable.
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Note 4 — Servicing Assets and Liabilities
The changes in servicing assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

| 2018 |  | 2017
| (in thousands)
Servicing assets: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 10,218 |  |  | $ | 10,564 |
Addition related to sale of SBA loans | 435 |  |  | 442 |
Amortization | (786 | ) |  | (727 | )
Reversal of allowance | — |  |  | 330 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 9,867 |  |  | $ | 10,609 |
Servicing liabilities: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,217 |  |  | $ | 3,143 |
Amortization | (195 | ) |  | (300 | )
Reversal of allowance | — |  |  | (67 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 2,022 |  |  | $ | 2,776 |

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we serviced loans sold to unaffiliated parties in the amounts of $471.9 million and $476.5 million, respectively. These represented loans that have been sold for which the Bank continues to provide servicing. These loans are maintained off balance sheet and are not included in the loans receivable balance. All of the loans serviced were SBA loans.
The Company recorded servicing fee income of $1.1 million and $1.2 million for three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Servicing fee income, net of the amortization of servicing assets and liabilities, is included in other operating income in the consolidated statements of income. Net amortization expense was $591,000 and $427,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Note 5 — Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense was $5.7 million and $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The effective income tax rate was 27.8 percent and 38.5 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Management concluded that as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, a valuation allowance of $2.8 million was appropriate against certain state net operating losses and certain tax credits. For all other deferred tax assets, management believes it was more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized principally through future taxable income and reversal of existing taxable temporary differences. A net deferred tax asset of $35.6 million and $38.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, is included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). This ASU eliminates the stranded tax effects in other comprehensive income resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). Because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations was not affected. ASU 2018-02 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018, and recorded the impact as an adjustment which increased retained earnings by $399,000 as of the date of adoption.
The Tax Act was enacted into U.S. tax law on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act makes numerous changes to the U.S. tax code, including (although not limited to) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate to 21 percent, eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT), limiting deductible interest expense, increasing limitations on certain executive
22

compensation, and enhancing bonus depreciation to provide for full expensing of qualified property. On that same date, the SEC staff also issued SAB 118, which provided guidance regarding financial statement accounting of the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides for the completion of the accounting related effects of the Tax Act in accordance with a measurement period of one year from the Tax Act enactment date. Those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete is to be reflected in the financial statements under SAB 118. To the extent that the company’s accounting for certain income taxes effects of the Tax Act is incomplete, however where a reasonable estimate is determinable, SAB 118 provides that a provisional estimate should be included in the financial statements. Finally, if a provisional estimate cannot be determined, a company should continue to apply ASC 740 based on the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.
During the period ended December 31, 2017 the Company made a provisional estimate of the impact of the Tax Act, which was discussed in Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statement included in our Form 10-K filed for that period. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of the Tax Act on its financial statements, and has not made any adjustments to this estimate during the period ended March 31, 2018.
The Company is subject to examination by various federal and state tax authorities for certain years ended December 31, 2008 through 2016. As of March 31, 2018, the Company was subject to audit or examination by the Internal Revenue Service for the 2014 tax year and the California Franchise Tax Board for the 2008 and 2009 tax years. Management does not anticipate any material changes in our financial statements as a result of these audits or examinations.
Note 6 — Borrowings and Subordinated Debentures
Borrowings
The Bank had advances from the FHLB of $220.0 million and $150.0 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The FHLB advances were all overnight borrowings at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, interest expense on FHLB advances was $679,000 and $468,000, respectively, and the weighted-average interest rate was 1.54 percent and 0.70 percent, respectively.
The Bank maintains a secured credit facility with the FHLB, allowing the Bank to borrow on an overnight and term basis. The Bank had $1.1 billion of loans pledged as collateral with the FHLB, which provides $871.0 million in borrowing capacity, of which $651.0 million remained available at March 31, 2018.
The Bank also has securities with market values of $8.1 million pledged with the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"), which provides $8.0 million in available borrowing capacity through the Fed Discount Window. There were no outstanding borrowings with the FRB as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Subordinated Debentures
The Company issued Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes (the “Notes”) of $100 million on March 21, 2017, with a final maturity on March 30, 2027. The Notes have an initial fixed interest rate of 5.45% per annum, payable semi-monthly on March 30 and September 30 of each year. From and including March 30, 2022 and thereafter, the Notes bear interest at a floating rate equal to the then current three-month LIBOR, as calculated on each applicable date of determination, plus 3.315% payable quarterly. If the then current three-month LIBOR is less than zero, three-month LIBOR will be deemed to be zero. Debt issuance cost was $2.3 million, which is being amortized through the Notes' maturity date. At March 31, 2018, the balance of Notes included in the Company's consolidated balance sheet, net of debt issuance cost, was $98.0 million. The amortization of debt issuance cost was $45,000 and $4,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The Company assumed Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (“Subordinated Debentures”) as a result of the acquisition of Central Bancorp Inc. ("CBI") in 2014 with an unpaid principal balance of $26.8 million and an estimated fair value of $18.5 million. The $8.3 million discount is being amortized to interest expense through the debentures' maturity date of March 15, 2036. CBI formed a trust in 2005 and issued $26.0 million of Trust Preferred Securities (“TPS”) at 6.26 percent fixed rate for the first five years and a variable rate at the 3 month LIBOR plus 140 basis points thereafter and invested the proceeds in the Subordinated Debentures. The Company may redeem the Subordinated Debentures at an earlier date if certain conditions are met. The TPS will be subject to mandatory redemption if the Subordinated Debentures are repaid by the Company. Interest is payable quarterly, and the Company has the option to defer interest payments on the Subordinated Debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the balance of Subordinated Debentures included in the Company's consolidated balance sheets, net of discount of $7.6 million and $7.7 million, was $19.4 million and $19.0 million, respectively. The amortization of discount was $86,000 and $77,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
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Note 7 — Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated on both a basic and a diluted basis. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted from the issuance of common stock that then shared in earnings, excluding common shares in treasury.
For diluted EPS, weighted-average number of common shares included the impact of unvested restricted stock under the treasury method. Unvested restricted stock containing rights to non-forfeitable dividends are considered participating securities prior to vesting and have been included in the earnings allocation in computing basic and diluted EPS under the two-class method. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income, net of income allocated to participating securities, by the weighted-average number of common shares. For diluted EPS, weighted-average number of common shares include the diluted effect of stock options.
The following table is a reconciliation of the components used to derive basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Basic EPS: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 14,855 |  |  | $ | 13,783 |
Less: income allocated to unvested restricted shares | 89 |  |  | 84 |
Income allocated to common shares | $ | 14,766 |  |  | $ | 13,699 |
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS | 32,145,214 |  |  | 32,001,766 |
Basic EPS | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |
Effect of dilutive securities - options and unvested restricted stock | 155,881 |  |  | 189,692 |
Diluted EPS: |  |  |
Income allocated to common shares | $ | 14,766 |  |  | $ | 13,699 |
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS | 32,301,095 |  |  | 32,191,458 |
Diluted EPS | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |

There were no stock options with an anti-dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.
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Note 8 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Activity in accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

| Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities |  | Tax Benefit (Expense) |  | Total
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (3,188 | ) |  | $ | 1,319 |  |  | $ | (1,869 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification | (8,864 | ) |  | 2,543 |  |  | (6,321 | )
Adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income related to adoption of ASU 2016-01 and 2018-02 (see Notes 2 and 5) | 529 |  |  | (546 | ) |  | (17 | )
Period change | (8,335 | ) |  | 1,997 |  |  | (6,338 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | (11,523 | ) |  | $ | 3,316 |  |  | $ | (8,207 | )
March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (4,089 | ) |  | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | (2,394 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassification | 1,620 |  |  | (560 | ) |  | 1,060 |
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income | (269 | ) |  | — |  |  | (269 | )
Period change | 1,351 |  |  | (560 | ) |  | 791 |
Balance at end of period | $ | (2,738 | ) |  | $ | 1,135 |  |  | $ | (1,603 | )

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, there was a net $17,000 adjustment related to adoption of two new accounting standards (ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-02) effective January 1, 2018. The $17,000 includes a $529,000 reduction of unrealized losses related to all of the Company's mutual funds equity securities upon adoption of ASU 2016-01 and a $546,000 reduction in tax benefits upon adoption of ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-02.
For the three months ended March 31, 2017, there was a $269,000 reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to gains in earnings resulting from the sale of available-for-sale securities. The $269,000 reclassification adjustment out of accumulated other comprehensive income was included in net gain on sales of securities under noninterest income. Net unrealized gains of $319,000 related to these sold securities had previously been recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as of the beginning of the period.
Note 9 — Regulatory Matters
In July 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the FDIC approved the Basel III regulatory capital framework and related changes under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The rules revise minimum capital requirements and adjust prompt corrective action thresholds. The rules also revise the regulatory capital elements, add a new common equity Tier I capital ratio, and increase the minimum Tier I capital ratio requirement. The revisions permit banking organizations to retain, through a one-time election, the existing treatment for accumulated other comprehensive income. Basel III rules, including certain transitional provisions, became effective January 1, 2015, and its requirements are included in the capital ratios presented in the table shown below.
In addition, a new capital conservation buffer of 2.5% began to be phased in effective January 1, 2016 through January 1, 2019, and must be met to avoid limitations on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends, repurchase shares or pay discretionary bonuses. In January 2016, the new capital conservation buffer requirement was 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and will increase each year until fully implemented in January 2019. The Company and the Bank's capital conservation buffer was 6.52% and 7.13%, respectively, as of March 31, 2018, and 6.55% and 7.20%, respectively, as of December 31, 2017.
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The capital ratios of Hanmi Financial and the Bank as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

| Actual |  | Minimum Regulatory Requirement |  | Minimum to Be Categorized as “Well Capitalized”
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
| (dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | $ | 695,483 |  |  | 15.43 | % |  | $ | 360,582 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Hanmi Bank | $ | 681,539 |  |  | 15.13 | % |  | $ | 360,395 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 450,494 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | $ | 564,376 |  |  | 12.52 | % |  | $ | 270,436 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Hanmi Bank | $ | 648,439 |  |  | 14.39 | % |  | $ | 270,296 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | $ | 360,395 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | $ | 544,983 |  |  | 12.09 | % |  | $ | 202,827 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Hanmi Bank | $ | 648,439 |  |  | 14.39 | % |  | $ | 202,722 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | $ | 292,821 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | $ | 564,376 |  |  | 10.88 | % |  | $ | 207,452 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Hanmi Bank | $ | 648,439 |  |  | 12.51 | % |  | $ | 207,361 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 259,201 |  |  | 5.00 | %
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | $ | 684,272 |  |  | 15.50 | % |  | $ | 353,171 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Hanmi Bank | $ | 670,896 |  |  | 15.20 | % |  | $ | 353,091 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 441,364 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | $ | 553,970 |  |  | 12.55 | % |  | $ | 264,878 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Hanmi Bank | $ | 638,557 |  |  | 14.47 | % |  | $ | 264,818 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | $ | 353,091 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | $ | 537,950 |  |  | 12.19 | % |  | $ | 198,658 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Hanmi Bank | $ | 638,557 |  |  | 14.47 | % |  | $ | 198,614 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | $ | 286,886 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | $ | 553,970 |  |  | 10.79 | % |  | $ | 205,344 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Hanmi Bank | $ | 638,557 |  |  | 12.44 | % |  | $ | 205,385 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 256,731 |  |  | 5.00 | %

Note 10 — Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value including a three-level valuation hierarchy, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three-level fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are defined as follows:

• | Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

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• | Level 2 - Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

• | Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Fair value is used on a recurring basis for certain assets and liabilities in which fair value is the primary basis of accounting. Additionally, fair value is used on a non-recurring basis to evaluate assets or liabilities for impairment or for disclosure purposes.
We record securities available for sale at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain other assets, such as loans held for sale, impaired loans, OREO, and core deposit intangible, are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Non-recurring fair value measurements typically involve assets that are periodically evaluated for impairment and for which any impairment is recorded in the period in which the re-measurement is performed.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument below:
Securities available for sale - The fair values of securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities, or other model-based valuation techniques requiring observable inputs other than quoted prices such as yield curve, prepayment speeds, and default rates. Level 1 securities include U.S. treasury securities and mutual funds that are traded on an active exchange or by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. The fair value of these securities is determined by quoted prices on an active exchange or over-the-counter market. Level 2 securities primarily include mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, U.S. government agency securities, SBA loan pool securities, municipal bonds and corporate bonds in markets that are active. In determining the fair value of the securities categorized as Level 2, we obtain reports from nationally recognized broker-dealers detailing the fair value of each investment security held as of each reporting date. The broker-dealers use prices obtained from nationally recognized pricing services to value our fixed income securities. The fair value of the municipal securities is determined based on pricing data provided by nationally recognized pricing services. We review the prices obtained for reasonableness based on our understanding of the marketplace, and also consider any credit issues related to the bonds. As we have not made any adjustments to the market quotes provided to us and as they are based on observable market data, they have been categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 securities are instruments that are not traded in the market. As such, no observable market data for the instrument is available, which necessitates the use of significant unobservable inputs.
Loans held for sale - Loans held for sale are all SBA loans and carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Management obtains quotes, bids or pricing indication sheets on all or part of these loans directly from the purchasing financial institutions. Premiums received or to be received on the quotes, bids or pricing indication sheets are indicative of the fact that cost is lower than fair value. At March 31, 2018, the entire balance of SBA loans held for sale was recorded at its cost. We record SBA loans held for sale on a nonrecurring basis with Level 2 inputs.
Impaired loans - Nonaccrual loans and performing restructured loans are considered impaired for reporting purposes and are measured and recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Nonaccrual loans with an unpaid principal balance over $100,000 and all performing restructured loans are reviewed individually for the amount of impairment, if any. Nonaccrual loans with an unpaid principal balance of $100,000 or less are evaluated for impairment collectively. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent impaired loans are recorded based on either the current appraised value of the collateral, a Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of value reported on older appraisals that are then adjusted based on recent market trends, a Level 3 measurement.
OREO - Fair value of OREO is based primarily on third party appraisals, less costs to sell and result in a Level 2 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Appraisals are required annually and may be updated more frequently as circumstances require and the fair value adjustments are made to OREO based on the updated appraised value of the property.
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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Observable Inputs with No Active Market with Identical Characteristics |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Balance
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 314,969 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 314,969 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | 124,188 |  |  | — |  |  | 124,188 |
U.S. government agency securities | — |  |  | 7,368 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,368 |
Municipal bonds-tax exempt | — |  |  | 123,826 |  |  | — |  |  | 123,826 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 570,351 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 570,351 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 303,609 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 303,609 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | 117,768 |  |  | — |  |  | 117,768 |
U.S. government agency securities | — |  |  | 7,414 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,414 |
Municipal bonds-tax exempt | — |  |  | 127,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 127,475 |
U.S. treasury securities | 152 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 152 |
Mutual funds | 22,386 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,386 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 22,538 |  |  | $ | 556,266 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 578,804 |

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows:

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Observable Inputs With No Active Market With Identical Characteristics |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Loss During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,786 |  |  | $ | 1,031 |  |  | $ | 456 |
OREO | — |  |  | 1,660 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Loss During the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017
December 31, 2017 |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans (2) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,121 |  |  | $ | 2,436 |  |  | $ | 2,730 |
OREO | — |  |  | 1,946 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1) | Consist of real estate loans of $4.7 million and commercial and industrial loans of $1.1 million.

(2) | Consist of real estate loans of $6.7 million, commercial and industrial loans of $1.7 million.

ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis are discussed above.
The estimated fair value of financial instruments has been determined by using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data in order to develop estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, as required, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825). This standard, among other provisions, requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Other than certain financial instruments for which we have concluded that the carrying amounts approximate fair value, the fair value estimates shown below have are based on an exit price notion as of March 31, 2018, as required by ASU 2016-01. The financial instruments for which we have concluded that the carrying amounts approximate fair value include, cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable and payable, FHLB stock, and noninterest-bearing deposits. The fair values of off-balance sheet items are based upon the difference between the current value of similar loans and the price at which the Bank has committed to make the loans.
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The estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows:

| March 31, 2018
| Carrying |  | Fair Value
| Amount |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
| (in thousands)
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 151,611 |  |  | 151,611 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Securities available for sale | 570,351 |  |  | — |  |  | 570,351 |  |  | — |
Loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for loan and lease losses | 4,381,780 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,392,889 |
Loans held for sale | 6,008 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,461 |  |  | — |
Accrued interest receivable | 12,751 |  |  | 12,751 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
FHLB stock | 16,385 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,385 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 1,352,162 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,352,162 |  |  | — |
Interest-bearing deposits | 3,025,939 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,905,169 |
Borrowings and subordinated debentures | 337,400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 337,822 |
Accrued interest payable | 5,931 |  |  | 5,931 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Off-balance sheet items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit | 324,528 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 324,528 |
Standby letters of credit | 22,288 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,288 |
Commercial letters of credit | 11,560 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,560 |

| December 31, 2017
| Carrying |  | Fair Value
| Amount |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
| (in thousands)
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 153,826 |  |  | $ | 153,826 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Securities available for sale | 578,804 |  |  | 22,538 |  |  | 556,266 |  |  | — |
Loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for loan and lease losses | 4,273,415 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,213,689 |
Loans held for sale | 6,394 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,394 |  |  | — |
Accrued interest receivable | 12,770 |  |  | 12,770 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
FHLB stock | 16,385 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,385 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 1,312,274 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,312,274 |  |  | — |
Interest-bearing deposits | 3,036,380 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,973,139 |
Borrowings and subordinated debentures | 267,270 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 267,270 |
Accrued interest payable | 5,309 |  |  | 5,309 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Off-balance sheet items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit | 318,634 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 318,634 |
Standby letters of credit | 19,294 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,294 |
Commercial letters of credit | 9,308 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,308 |

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Note 11 — Share-Based Compensation
Share-Based Compensation Expense
For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, share-based compensation expenses were $884,000 and $692,000, respectively, and net tax benefits recognized from stock option and restricted stock awards were $247,000 and $276,000, respectively. Excess tax benefits related to the Company's share-based compensation are recognized as income tax expense in the consolidated statement of income.
Unrecognized Share-Based Compensation Expense
As of March 31, 2018, unrecognized share-based compensation expense was as follows:

| Unrecognized Expense |  | Average Expected Recognition Period
| (in thousands) |  |
Stock option awards | $ | 4 |  |  | 0.2 years
Restricted stock awards | 6,073 |  |  | 2.0 years
Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense | $ | 6,077 |  |  | 2.2 years

Stock Option Awards
The table below provides stock option information for the three months ended March 31, 2018:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value of In-the- Money Options |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | (in thousands) |
Options outstanding at beginning of period | 364,088 |  |  | $ | 17.86 |  |  | 5.9 years |  | $ | 4,548 |  | (1)
Options exercised | (25,750 | ) |  | $ | 22.06 |  |  | 5.9 years |  | — |  |
Options outstanding at end of period | 338,338 |  |  | $ | 17.54 |  |  | 5.5 years |  | $ | 4,469 |  | (2)
Options exercisable at end of period | 329,003 |  |  | $ | 17.37 |  |  | 5.4 years |  | $ | 4,625 |  | (2)

(1) | Intrinsic value represents the excess of the closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $30.35 as of December 31, 2017, over the exercise price, multiplied by the number of options.

(2) | Intrinsic value represents the excess of the closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $30.75 as of March 31, 2018, over the exercise price, multiplied by the number of options.

There were 25,750 and 1,000 stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock awards under the Company’s 2007 and 2013 Equity Compensation Plans typically vest over three years and are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the lapse of restrictions. Hanmi Financial becomes entitled to an income tax deduction in an amount equal to the taxable income reported by the holders of the restricted shares when the restrictions are released and the shares are issued. Forfeited shares of restricted stock become available for future grants upon forfeiture.
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The table below provides information for restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2018:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Restricted stock at beginning of period | 317,783 |  |  | $ | 21.09 |
Restricted stock granted | 97,724 |  |  | 24.08 |
Restricted stock vested | (52,913 | ) |  | 26.86 |
Restricted stock forfeited | (38,498 | ) |  | 9.97 |
Restricted stock at end of period | 324,096 |  |  | 22.38 |

Note 12 — Off-Balance Sheet Commitments
The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk similar to the risk involved with on-balance sheet items recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Bank’s exposure to losses in the event of non-performance by the other party to commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, was based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, premises and equipment, and income-producing or borrower-occupied properties.
The following table shows the distribution of undisbursed loan commitments as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| (in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit | $ | 324,528 |  |  | $ | 318,634 |
Standby letters of credit | 22,288 |  |  | 19,294 |
Commercial letters of credit | 11,560 |  |  | 9,308 |
Total undisbursed loan commitments | $ | 358,376 |  |  | $ | 347,236 |

The allowance for off-balance sheet items is maintained at a level believed to be sufficient to absorb probable losses related to these unfunded credit facilities. The determination of the allowance adequacy is based on periodic evaluations of the unfunded credit facilities including an assessment of the probability of commitment usage, credit risk factors for loans outstanding to these same customers, and the terms and expiration dates of the unfunded credit facilities. Net adjustments to the allowance for off-balance sheet items are included in other operating expenses. Activity in the allowance for loan off-balance sheet items was as follows for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,296 |  |  | $ | 1,184 |
Provision (income) | 27 |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 1,184 |

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Note 13 — Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the financial data included herein. There have been no subsequent events that occurred during such period that would require disclosure in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018, or would be required to be recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) as of March 31, 2018.
Note 14 — Revenue Recognition
The Company also adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as of January 1, 2018. ASU 2014-09 established a principles-based approach to recognizing revenue that applies to all contracts other than those covered by other authoritative U.S. GAAP guidance. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are also required. ASU 2014-09 was to be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and was to be applied on either a modified retrospective or full retrospective basis. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the original effective date for all entities by one year. Public business entities are required to apply the guidance in ASU 2015-14 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period.
The standard’s core principle is that a company shall recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies generally are required to use more judgment and make more estimates than under prior guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB issued targeted updates to clarify specific implementation issues including ASU No. 2016-08, Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU No. 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, ASU No. 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, and ASU No. 2016-20. Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For financial reporting purposes, the standard allows for either full retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all of the periods presented, or modified retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application.
Since the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other GAAP, the new guidance did not have an impact on revenue most closely associated with our financial instruments, including interest income and expense. The Company completed its overall assessment of revenue streams and review of related contracts potentially affected by the ASU, including revenue streams associated with our noninterest income. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that ASU 2014-09 did not change the method in which the Company currently recognizes revenue for these revenue streams.
The Company's noninterest income primarily includes service charges on deposit accounts, trade finance and other service charges and fees, servicing income, bank-owned life insurance income and gains or losses on sale of SBA loans, PCI loans and securities. Based on our assessment of revenue streams related to the Company's noninterest income, we concluded that the Companies performance obligations for such revenue streams are typically satisfied as services are rendered. If applicable, the Company records contract liabilities, or deferred revenue, when payments from customers are received or due in advance of providing services to customers and records contract assets when services are provided to customers before payment is received or before payment is due. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activities and since the Company generally receives payments for its services during the period or at the time services are provided, there are no contract asset or receivable balances as of March 31, 2018. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized.
The Company also completed its evaluation of certain costs related to these revenue streams to determine whether such costs should be presented as expenses or contra-revenue (i.e., gross versus net) and concluded that our Consolidated Statements of Income do not include any revenue streams that are impacted by such gross versus net provisions of the new standard. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments on its required effective date of January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach. Since there was no impact upon adoption of this new standard, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following is management’s discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K”) and with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 (this “Report”).
Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements under this item and elsewhere in this Report constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements in this Report other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including, but not limited to, statements about anticipated future operating and financial performance, financial position and liquidity, business strategies, regulatory and competitive outlook, investment and expenditure plans, capital and financing needs and availability, developments regarding our capital plans, plans and objectives of management for future operations, strategic alternatives for a possible business combination, merger or sale transactions, and other similar forecasts and statements of expectation and statements of assumption underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue,” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statement. These factors include the following: failure to maintain adequate levels of capital and liquidity to support our operations; the effect of potential future supervisory action against us or Hanmi Bank; general economic and business conditions internationally, nationally and in those areas in which we operate, including, but not limited to, California, Illinois and Texas; volatility and deterioration in the credit and equity markets; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; availability of capital from private and government sources; demographic changes; competition for loans and deposits and failure to attract or retain loans and deposits; fluctuations in interest rates and a decline in the level of our interest rate spread; risks of natural disasters related to our real estate portfolio; risks associated with Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans; failure to attract or retain key employees; changes in governmental regulation; enforcement actions against us and litigation we may become a party to; ability of Hanmi Bank to make distributions to Hanmi Financial, which is restricted by certain factors, including Hanmi Bank's retained earnings, net income, prior distributions made, and certain other financial tests; ability to successfully and efficiently integrate the operations of banks and other institutions we acquire; adequacy of our allowance for loan and lease losses; credit quality and the effect of credit quality on our provision for loan and lease losses and allowance for loan and lease losses; changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers and the ability of our borrowers to perform under the terms of their loans and leases and other terms of credit agreements; our ability to control expenses; and changes in securities markets. In addition, for a discussion of some of the other factors that might cause such a difference, see the discussion contained in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as other factors we identify from time to time in our filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date, on which such statements were made, except as required by law.
Critical Accounting Policies
We have established various accounting policies that govern the application of GAAP in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We had no significant changes in our accounting policies since the filing of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, except for adoption of three new accounting standards during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain accounting policies require us to make significant estimates and assumptions that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities, and we consider these critical accounting policies. For a description of these critical accounting policies, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies” in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We use estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions, which could have a material impact on the carrying value of assets and
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liabilities at the balance sheet dates and our results of operations for the reporting periods. Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of Hanmi Financial’s Board of Directors.
Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth certain selected financial data for the periods indicated:

| As of or for the
| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Summary balance sheets: |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 151,611 |  |  | $ | 138,592 |
Securities | 570,351 |  |  | 548,010 |
Loans and leases receivable (1) | 4,381,780 |  |  | 3,910,799 |
Assets | 5,305,641 |  |  | 4,811,821 |
Deposits | 4,378,101 |  |  | 4,083,165 |
Liabilities | 4,741,363 |  |  | 4,272,279 |
Stockholders’ equity | 564,278 |  |  | 539,542 |
Tangible equity | 551,824 |  |  | 526,745 |
Average loans and leases receivable (1) | 4,310,964 |  |  | 3,881,686 |
Average securities | 588,738 |  |  | 526,549 |
Average assets | 5,213,790 |  |  | 4,738,221 |
Average deposits | 4,317,627 |  |  | 3,873,840 |
Average stockholders’ equity | 565,867 |  |  | 534,273 |
Average tangible equity | 553,362 |  |  | 521,420 |
Per share data: |  |  |
Earnings per share – basic (2) | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |
Earnings per share – diluted (2) | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |
Book value per share (3) | $ | 17.36 |  |  | $ | 16.66 |
Tangible book value per share (4) | $ | 16.98 |  |  | $ | 16.26 |
Cash dividends per share | $ | 0.24 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |
Common shares outstanding | 32,502,658 |  |  | 32,392,580 |
Performance ratios: |  |  |
Return on average assets (5) (6) | 1.16 | % |  | 1.18 | %
Return on average stockholders’ equity (5) (7) | 10.65 | % |  | 10.46 | %
Return on average tangible equity (5) (8) | 10.89 | % |  | 10.72 | %
Net interest margin (9) | 3.70 | % |  | 3.89 | %
Efficiency ratio (10) | 58.36 | % |  | 54.95 | %
Dividend payout ratio (11) | 52.17 | % |  | 44.39 | %
Average stockholders’ equity to average assets | 10.85 | % |  | 11.28 | %

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Capital ratios: |  |  |
Total risk-based capital: |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | 15.43 | % |  | 16.16 | %
Hanmi Bank | 15.13 | % |  | 15.91 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital: |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | 12.52 | % |  | 12.93 | %
Hanmi Bank | 14.39 | % |  | 15.07 | %
Common equity Tier 1 capital: |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | 12.09 | % |  | 12.56 | %
Hanmi Bank | 14.39 | % |  | 15.07 | %
Tier 1 leverage: |  |  |
Hanmi Financial | 10.88 | % |  | 11.21 | %
Hanmi Bank | 12.51 | % |  | 13.08 | %
Asset quality ratios: |  |  |
Nonperforming loans and leases to loans and leases | 0.35 | % |  | 0.32 | %
Nonperforming assets to assets (12) | 0.32 | % |  | 0.36 | %
Net loan and lease charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans and leases | (0.01 | )% |  | (0.08 | )%
Allowance for loan lease losses to loans and leases | 0.72 | % |  | 0.84 | %
Allowance for loan and lease losses to non-performing loans and leases | 206.85 | % |  | 259.53 | %

(1) | Net of allowance for loan and lease losses

(2) | Calculation based on net income allocated to common shares

(3) | Stockholders’ equity divided by common shares outstanding

(4) | Tangible equity divided by common shares outstanding

(5) | Calculation based on annualized net income

(6) | Net income divided by average assets

(7) | Net income divided by average stockholders’ equity

(8) | Net income divided by average tangible equity

(9) | Net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis before provision for loan and lease losses divided by average interest-earning assets

(10) | Noninterest expenses divided by the sum of net interest income before provision for loan and lease losses and noninterest income

(11) | Dividend declared per share divided by basic earnings per share

(12) | Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and leases and OREO

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company calculates certain supplemental financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with U.S. GAAP, including tangible assets, tangible stockholders' equity and tangible book value per share. These non-GAAP measures are used by management in analyzing Hanmi Financial’s capital strength.
Tangible equity is calculated by subtracting goodwill created from acquisition of the Commercial Equipment Leasing Division and core deposit intangible from stockholders’ equity. Banking and financial institution regulators also exclude goodwill and core deposit intangible from stockholders’ equity when assessing the capital adequacy of a financial institution.
Management believes the presentation of these financial measures excluding the impact of items described in the preceding paragraph provide useful supplemental information that are essential to a proper understanding of the capital strength of Hanmi Financial. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitution for results determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.
36

Tangible Assets, Tangible Stockholders’ Equity and Tangible Book Value Per Share
The following table reconciles these non-GAAP performance measures to the most comparable GAAP performance measures as of the dates indicated:

| March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (in thousands, except per share data)
Total assets | $ | 5,305,641 |  |  | $ | 4,811,821 |
Less goodwill | (11,031 | ) |  | (11,031 | )
Less other intangible assets, net | (1,423 | ) |  | (1,766 | )
Tangible assets | $ | 5,293,187 |  |  | $ | 4,799,024 |
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 564,278 |  |  | $ | 539,542 |
Less goodwill | (11,031 | ) |  | (11,031 | )
Less other intangible assets, net | (1,423 | ) |  | (1,766 | )
Tangible stockholders' equity | $ | 551,824 |  |  | $ | 526,745 |
Book value per share | $ | 17.36 |  |  | $ | 16.66 |
Effect of goodwill | (0.34 | ) |  | (0.35 | )
Effect of other intangible assets | (0.04 | ) |  | (0.05 | )
Tangible book value per share | $ | 16.98 |  |  | $ | 16.26 |

Executive Overview
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net income was $14.9 million, or $0.46 per diluted share, compared with $13.8 million, or $0.43 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Net income for the first quarter of 2018 increased 7.8 percent, or $1.1 million. Net interest income, before provision for loan and lease losses, increased by $2.5 million, or 6.1 percent, to $44.9 million in the first quarter of 2018 compared with $42.4 million in the same quarter of 2017. Provision for income taxes decreased by $2.9 million, or 33.7 percent, mainly due to lower pretax income and a lower effective tax rate. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in noninterest income of $1.2 million, or 16 percent, mainly due to losses on sales of securities, and an increase in noninterest expense of $2.5 million, or 9.2 percent, mainly due to higher salaries and benefits.
Other financial highlights include the following:

• | Loans and leases receivable, before the allowance for loan and lease losses, were $4.41 billion at the end of the first quarter of 2018, up $109.1 million, or 2.5 percent, from $4.30 billion at the end of 2017.

• | Deposits at March 31, 2018 were $4.38 billion, an increase of $29.4 million, or 0.7 percent, from $4.35 billion at the end of 2017.

• | Return on average assets was 1.16% and return on average equity was 10.65% compared with 1.18% and 10.46%, respectively, for the same period a year ago.

37

Results of Operations
Net Interest Income
Our primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is the difference between interest and fees derived from earning assets, and interest paid on liabilities obtained to fund those assets. Our net interest income is affected by changes in the level and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as volume changes. Net interest income is also affected by changes in the yields earned on assets and rates paid on liabilities, referred to as rate changes. Interest rates charged on loans and leases are affected principally by changes to interest rates, the demand for such loans and leases, the supply of money available for lending purposes, and other competitive factors. Those factors are, in turn, affected by general economic conditions and other factors beyond our control, such as federal economic policies, the general supply of money in the economy, legislative tax policies, governmental budgetary matters, and the actions of the Federal Reserve.
The following tables show the average balances of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity; the amount of interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, and interest expense; the average yield or rate for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; and the net interest spread and the net interest margin for the periods indicated. All average balances are daily average balances.

| Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2018 |  | March 31, 2017
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income / Expense |  | Average Yield / Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income / Expense |  | Average Yield / Rate
| (dollars in thousands)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases (1) | $ | 4,310,964 |  |  | $ | 51,574 |  |  | 4.85 | % |  | $ | 3,881,686 |  |  | $ | 45,378 |  |  | 4.74 | %
Securities (2) | 588,738 |  |  | 3,296 |  |  | 2.24 | % |  | 526,549 |  |  | 3,026 |  |  | 2.30 | %
FHLB stock | 16,385 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 7.15 | % |  | 16,385 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 9.26 | %
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 32,401 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 1.43 | % |  | 38,600 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 0.81 | %
Total interest-earning assets | 4,948,488 |  |  | 55,273 |  |  | 4.53 | % |  | 4,463,220 |  |  | 48,855 |  |  | 4.44 | %
Noninterest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 122,580 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117,802 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (32,487 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (32,842 | ) |  |  |  |
Other assets | 175,209 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 190,041 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,213,790 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,738,221 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand: interest-bearing | $ | 91,378 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | $ | 97,602 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | 0.08 | %
Money market and savings | 1,478,795 |  |  | 3,326 |  |  | 0.91 | % |  | 1,406,903 |  |  | 2,666 |  |  | 0.77 | %
Time deposits | 1,440,382 |  |  | 4,441 |  |  | 1.25 | % |  | 1,173,184 |  |  | 2,469 |  |  | 0.85 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits | 3,010,555 |  |  | 7,785 |  |  | 1.05 | % |  | 2,677,689 |  |  | 5,154 |  |  | 0.78 | %
Borrowings | 179,000 |  |  | 679 |  |  | 1.54 | % |  | 270,500 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 0.70 | %
Subordinated debentures | 117,323 |  |  | 1,694 |  |  | 5.77 | % |  | 30,950 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 4.82 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 3,306,878 |  |  | 10,158 |  |  | 1.25 | % |  | 2,979,139 |  |  | 5,995 |  |  | 0.82 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities and equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits: noninterest-bearing | 1,307,072 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,196,151 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 33,973 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28,658 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity | 565,867 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 534,273 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,213,790 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,738,221 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (taxable equivalent) |  |  | $ | 45,115 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 42,860 |  |  |
Cost of deposits (3) |  |  |  |  | 0.73 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.54 | %
Net interest spread (taxable equivalent basis) (4) |  |  |  |  | 3.28 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.62 | %
Net interest margin (taxable equivalent basis) (5) |  |  |  |  | 3.70 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.89 | %

(1) | Loans and leases receivable include LHFS and exclude the allowance for loan and lease losses. Nonaccrual loans and leases are

38

included in the average loan and lease balance.

(2) | Amounts calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the federal tax rate in effect for the periods presented.

(3) | Represents interest expense on deposits as a percentage of all interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits.

(4) | Represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

(5) | Represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

The table below shows changes in interest income (on a tax equivalent basis) and interest expense and the amounts attributable to variations in interest rates and volumes for the periods indicated. The variances attributable to simultaneous volume and rate changes have been allocated to the change due to volume and the change due to rate categories in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amount attributable solely to the change in volume and to the change in rate.

| Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2018 vs. March 31, 2017
| Increases (Decreases) Due to Change In
| Volume |  | Rate |  | Total
| (in thousands)
Interest and dividend income: |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases receivable | $ | 5,121 |  |  | $ | 1,075 |  |  | $ | 6,196 |
Securities | 348 |  |  | (78 | ) |  | 270 |
FHLB stock | — |  |  | (85 | ) |  | (85 | )
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | (14 | ) |  | 51 |  |  | 37 |
Total interest and dividend income | $ | 5,455 |  |  | $ | 963 |  |  | $ | 6,418 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |
Demand: interest-bearing | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | )
Money market and savings | 144 |  |  | 516 |  |  | 660 |
Time deposits | 643 |  |  | 1,329 |  |  | 1,972 |
Borrowings | (200 | ) |  | 411 |  |  | 211 |
Subordinated debentures | 1,234 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 1,321 |
Total interest expense | $ | 1,820 |  |  | $ | 2,343 |  |  | $ | 4,163 |
Change in net interest income (taxable equivalent) | $ | 3,635 |  |  | $ | (1,380 | ) |  | $ | 2,255 |

Interest and dividend income, on a taxable equivalent basis, increased $6.4 million, or 13.1 percent, to $55.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $48.9 million for the same period in 2017. Interest expense increased $4.2 million, or 69.4 percent, to $10.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $6.0 million for the same period in 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, net interest income, on a taxable equivalent basis, was $45.1 million and $42.9 million, respectively. The increase in net interest income was primarily attributable to the 11.0 percent growth in average loans and leases, offset by increases in rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and higher amounts of debt. The net interest spread and net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were 3.28 percent and 3.70 percent, respectively, compared with 3.62 percent and 3.89 percent, respectively, for the same period in 2017.
Average loans and leases increased $429.2 million, or 11.0 percent, to $4.31 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $3.88 billion for the same period in 2017. Average securities increased $62.2 million, or 11.8 percent, to $588.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $526.5 million for the same period in 2017. Average interest-earning assets increased $485.3 million, or 10.9 percent, to $4.95 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $4.46 billion for the same period in 2017. The increase in average loans and leases was due mainly to new loan production. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $327.8 million, or 11.0 percent, to $3.31 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared with $2.98 billion for the same period in 2017. The increase in average interest-bearing liabilities resulted primarily from an increase in interest-bearing deposits of $332.9 million and average subordinated debentures of $86.3 million due to the notes issued in the first quarter of 2017, offset by a decrease of $91.5 million in average borrowings.
The average yield on loans and leases increased to 4.85 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from 4.74 percent for the same period in 2017, primarily due to the increase in the general level of interest rates and the mix of loans and leases. The average yield on securities, on a taxable equivalent basis, decreased to 2.24% percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from 2.30 percent for the same period in 2017. The average yield on interest-earning assets, on a taxable
39

equivalent basis, increased 9 basis points to 4.53 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from 4.44 percent for the same period in 2017, due mainly to the higher percentage of loans in the mix of interest-earning assets. The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased by 43 basis points to 1.25 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from 0.82 percent for the same period in 2017, mainly due to higher rates paid on deposits.
Provision for Loan and Lease Losses
In anticipation of credit risks inherent in our lending business, we set aside an allowance for loan and lease losses through charges to earnings. These charges are made not only for our outstanding loan and lease portfolio, but also for off-balance sheet items, such as commitments to extend credit, or letters of credit. The provisions, whether a charge or a credit, made for our outstanding loan and lease portfolio are recorded to the allowance for loan and lease losses, whereas charges or credits to other noninterest expense for off-balance sheet items are recorded to the allowance for off-balance sheet items, and are presented as a component of other liabilities.
The provision for loan and lease losses was $0.6 million for the first quarter of 2018. For the same period in 2017, the provision for loan and lease losses was a negative $80 thousand. The charge to other noninterest expense for losses on off-balance sheet items was $27 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to none for the same period in 2017.
See also “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Allowance for Off-Balance Sheet Items" for further details.
Noninterest Income
The following table sets forth the various components of noninterest income for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Increase (Decrease)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Amount |  | Percentage
| (dollars in thousands)
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 2,511 |  |  | $ | 2,528 |  |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | (0.7 | )%
Trade finance and other service charges and fees | 1,173 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 12.0 | %
Servicing income | 662 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 17.4 | %
Bank-Owned life insurance income | 277 |  |  | 285 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (2.8 | )%
All other operating income | 285 |  |  | 877 |  |  | (592 | ) |  | (67.5 | )%
Subtotal service charges, fees and other income | 4,908 |  |  | 5,301 |  |  | (393 | ) |  | (7.4 | )%
Gain on sale of SBA loans | 1,448 |  |  | 1,464 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (1.1 | )%
Disposition gains on PCI loans | 133 |  |  | 183 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (27.3 | )%
Net (loss) gain on sales of securities | (428 | ) |  | 269 |  |  | (697 | ) |  | (259.1 | )%
Total noninterest income | $ | 6,061 |  |  | $ | 7,217 |  |  | $ | (1,156 | ) |  | (16.0 | )%

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, noninterest income was $6.1 million, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 16 percent, compared with $7.2 million for the same period in 2017. The decrease was primarily attributable to the $0.4 million loss on sale of securities related to the sale of $22.0 million of mutual funds in the first quarter of 2018 compared to securities gains of $0.3 million for the same quarter a year ago. In addition, 2017 operating income included $0.4 million of upcharge income.
40

Noninterest Expense
The following table sets forth the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Increase (Decrease)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Amount |  | Percentage
| (dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 18,702 |  |  | $ | 17,104 |  |  | $ | 1,598 |  |  | 9.3 | %
Occupancy and equipment | 4,072 |  |  | 3,982 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 2.3 | %
Data processing | 1,678 |  |  | 1,631 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Professional fees | 1,369 |  |  | 1,148 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 19.3 | %
Supplies and communications | 708 |  |  | 635 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 11.5 | %
Advertising and promotion | 876 |  |  | 802 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 9.2 | %
OREO expense (income) | 79 |  |  | (101 | ) |  | 180 |  |  | 178.2 | %
All other operating expenses | 2,273 |  |  | 2,039 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 11.5 | %
Total noninterest expense | $ | 29,757 |  |  | $ | 27,240 |  |  | $ | 2,517 |  |  | 9.2 | %

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, noninterest expense was $29.8 million, an increase of $2.5 million or 9.2 percent, compared with $27.2 million for the same period in 2017. The increase was due primarily to increases in salaries and employee benefits and professional fees.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $5.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared with $8.6 million for the same period in 2017. The effective income tax rate was 27.8 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 38.5 percent for the same period in 2017, partly due to lower federal tax rate as a result of the passage of the tax reform in December 2017.
41

Financial Condition
Securities
As of March 31, 2018, our securities portfolio was composed primarily of U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, as well as tax exempt municipal bonds. Most of the securities carried fixed interest rates. Other than holdings of U.S. government agency securities, there were no securities of any one issuer exceeding 10 percent of stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
The following table summarizes the amortized cost, estimated fair value and unrealized gain (loss) on securities as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss)
| (in thousands)
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 322,186 |  |  | $ | 314,969 |  |  | $ | (7,217 | ) |  | $ | 306,166 |  |  | $ | 303,609 |  |  | $ | (2,557 | )
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 127,125 |  |  | 124,188 |  |  | (2,937 | ) |  | 119,658 |  |  | 117,768 |  |  | (1,890 | )
U.S. government agency securities | 7,499 |  |  | 7,368 |  |  | (131 | ) |  | 7,499 |  |  | 7,414 |  |  | (85 | )
Municipal bonds-tax exempt | 125,064 |  |  | 123,826 |  |  | (1,238 | ) |  | 125,601 |  |  | 127,475 |  |  | 1,874 |
U.S. treasury securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 152 |  |  | 152 |  |  | — |
Mutual funds |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,916 |  |  | 22,386 |  |  | (530 | )
Total securities available for sale | $ | 581,874 |  |  | $ | 570,351 |  |  | $ | (11,523 | ) |  | $ | 581,992 |  |  | $ | 578,804 |  |  | $ | (3,188 | )

As of March 31, 2018, securities available for sale decreased $8.5 million or 1.5 percent to $570.4 million, compared with $578.8 million as of December 31, 2017. This decrease was due mainly to sale of all of our mutual funds and an increase in unrealized losses, offset by purchases of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. As of March 31, 2018, securities available for sale had a net unrealized loss of $11.5 million, comprised of $0.2 million of unrealized gains and $11.7 million of unrealized losses. As of December 31, 2017, securities available for sale had a net unrealized loss of $3.2 million, comprised of $2.1 million of unrealized gains and $5.3 million of unrealized losses
The following table summarizes the contractual maturity schedule for securities, at amortized cost, and their weighted-average yields as of March 31, 2018:

|  |  |  |  | After One Year But |  | After Five Years But |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Within One Year |  | Within Five Years |  | Within Ten Years |  | After Ten Years |  | Total
| Amount |  | Yield |  | Amount |  | Yield |  | Amount |  | Yield |  | Amount |  | Yield |  | Amount |  | Yield
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 12,590 |  |  | 1.64 | % |  | $ | 49,126 |  |  | 2.10 | % |  | $ | 84,291 |  |  | 2.22 | % |  | $ | 176,179 |  |  | 2.36 | % |  | $ | 322,186 |  |  | 2.26 | %
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 32 |  |  | 1.17 | % |  | 1,753 |  |  | 1.67 | % |  | 18,660 |  |  | 1.59 | % |  | 106,680 |  |  | 2.18 | % |  | 127,125 |  |  | 2.09 | %
U.S. government agency securities | — |  |  | — | % |  | 7,499 |  |  | 1.52 | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 7,499 |  |  | 1.52 | %
Municipal bonds-tax exempt (1) | — |  |  | — | % |  | 9,718 |  |  | 2.25 | % |  | 76,262 |  |  | 2.69 | % |  | 39,084 |  |  | 3.41 | % |  | 125,064 |  |  | 2.88 | %
Total securities available for sale | $ | 12,622 |  |  | 1.64 | % |  | $ | 68,096 |  |  | 2.04 | % |  | $ | 179,213 |  |  | 2.35 | % |  | $ | 321,943 |  |  | 2.43 | % |  | $ | 581,874 |  |  | 2.34 | %

(1) | The yield on municipal bonds has been computed on a federal tax-equivalent basis.

42

Loans and Leases Receivable, Net
The following table shows the loan and lease portfolio composition by type as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| (in thousands)
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |
Retail | $ | 909,414 |  |  | $ | 915,273 |
Hospitality | 731,531 |  |  | 681,325 |
Other (1) | 1,423,903 |  |  | 1,417,273 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 3,064,848 |  |  | 3,013,871 |
Construction | 57,896 |  |  | 55,190 |
Residential property | 545,053 |  |  | 521,853 |
Total real estate loans | 3,667,797 |  |  | 3,590,914 |
Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |
Commercial term | 184,083 |  |  | 182,685 |
Commercial lines of credit | 190,255 |  |  | 181,894 |
International loans | 35,042 |  |  | 34,622 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 409,380 |  |  | 399,201 |
Leases receivable | 321,481 |  |  | 297,284 |
Consumer loans (2) | 14,899 |  |  | 17,059 |
Loans and leases receivable | 4,413,557 |  |  | 4,304,458 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (31,777 | ) |  | (31,043 | )
Loans and leases receivable, net | $ | 4,381,780 |  |  | $ | 4,273,415 |

(1) | Includes, among other types, mixed-use, apartment, office, industrial, gas stations, faith-based facilities and warehouse; all other property types represent less than one percent of total loans and leases receivable.

(2) | Consumer loans include home equity lines of credit of $12.7 million and $14.2 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, net loans and leases receivable were $4.38 billion and $4.27 billion, respectively, representing an increase of $108.37 million, or 2.5 percent. The increase in loans and leases as of March 31, 2018 compared with December 31, 2017 was primarily attributable to new loan and lease production of $245.3 million, an increase of 21.0 percent from last year's first quarter.
Our loan and lease portfolio included the following concentrations of loans to one type of industry that were greater than 10 percent of loans and leases outstanding:

| Balance at March 31, 2018 |  | Percentage of Loans and Leases Outstanding
Industry | (in thousands) |  |
Lessor of nonresidential buildings | $ | 1,319,441 |  |  | 29.9 | %
Hospitality | $ | 744,371 |  |  | 16.9 | %

There was no other concentration of loans and leases to any one type of industry exceeding 10.0 percent of loans and leases outstanding.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases and Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming loans and leases (excluding PCI loans) consist of loans and leases on nonaccrual status and loans and leases 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and leases and OREO. Non-purchased credit impaired loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the full timely collection of principal or interest is in doubt. Generally, the accrual of interest is discontinued when principal or
43

interest payments become more than 90 days past due, unless we believe the loan is adequately collateralized and in the process of collection. However, in certain instances, we may place a particular receivable on nonaccrual status earlier, depending upon the individual circumstances surrounding the receivable's delinquency. When an asset is placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed against current income. Subsequent collections of cash are applied as principal reductions when received, except when the ultimate collectability of principal is probable, in which case interest payments are credited to income. Nonaccrual assets may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest become current and full repayment is expected. Interest income is recognized on the accrual basis for impaired loans and leases not meeting the criteria for nonaccrual. OREO consists of properties acquired by foreclosure or similar means that management intends to offer for sale.
Except for nonperforming loans and leases set forth below and PCI loans, we are not aware of any loans or leases as of March 31, 2018 for which known credit problems of the borrower would cause serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with their present repayment terms, or any known events that would result in the receivable being designated as nonperforming at some future date. We cannot, however, predict the extent to which a deterioration in general economic conditions, real estate values, increases in general rates of interest, or changes in the financial condition or business of borrower may adversely affect a borrower’s ability to pay.
The following table provides information with respect to the components of nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | Increase (Decrease)
|  |  | Amount |  | Percentage
|  |  | (dollars in thousands) |  |
Nonperforming loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | 5.8 | %
Hospitality | 6,495 |  |  | 5,263 |  |  | 1,232 |  |  | 23.4 | %
Other | 1,292 |  |  | 2,462 |  |  | (1,170 | ) |  | (47.5 | )%
Total commercial real estate loans | 8,024 |  |  | 7,949 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Residential property | 451 |  |  | 591 |  |  | (140 | ) |  | (23.7 | )%
Commercial and industrial loans | 1,881 |  |  | 1,892 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (0.6 | )%
Leases receivable | 4,200 |  |  | 4,452 |  |  | (252 | ) |  | (5.7 | )%
Consumer loans | 789 |  |  | 921 |  |  | (132 | ) |  | (14.3 | )%
Total nonperforming loans | 15,345 |  |  | 15,805 |  |  | (460 | ) |  | (2.9 | )%
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Total nonperforming loans and leases (1) (2) | 15,362 |  |  | 15,805 |  |  | (443 | ) |  | (2.8 | )%
OREO | 1,660 |  |  | 1,946 |  |  | (286 | ) |  | (14.7 | )%
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 17,022 |  |  | $ | 17,751 |  |  | $ | (729 | ) |  | (4.1 | )%
Nonperforming and leases as a percentage of loans and leases | 0.35 | % |  | 0.37 | % |  |  |  |
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of assets | 0.32 | % |  | 0.34 | % |  |  |  |
Troubled debt restructured performing loans and leases | $ | 7,115 |  |  | $ | 7,259 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Includes nonperforming TDRs of $7.5 million and $8.1 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

(2) | Does not include nonperforming PCI loans of $1.0 million and $0.9 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Nonperforming loans and leases were $15.4 million as of March 31 ,2018, compared with $15.8 million as of December 31, 2017, representing a decrease of $0.4 million, or 2.8 percent. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, $4.3 million of loans and leases were placed on nonaccrual status. These additions to nonaccrual loans and leases were partially offset by $0.2 million of nonaccrual loans and leases restored to accrual status and $3.5 million in principal payoffs and pay downs and $1.0 million in charge-offs.
Delinquent loans and leases (defined as 30 to 89 days past due and still accruing) were $11.9 million as of March 31, 2018 compared with $11.2 million as of December 31, 2017.
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The ratio of nonperforming loans and leases to loans and leases decreased to 0.35 percent as of March 31, 2018 compared with 0.37 percent as of December 31, 2017. Of the $15.4 million nonperforming loans and leases, approximately $14.8 million were impaired based on the definition contained in ASC 310, Receivables, which resulted in an aggregate impairment reserve of $3.0 million as of March 31, 2018. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans is calculated as the difference between the outstanding loan balance and the value of the collateral as determined by recent appraisals less estimated costs to sell. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans varies from loan to loan based on the collateral coverage of the loan at the time of designation as nonperforming. We continue to monitor the collateral coverage, based on recent appraisals, on these loans on a quarterly basis and adjust the allowance accordingly.
As of March 31, 2018, OREO consisted of 6 properties with a combined carrying value of $1.7 million, as compared with 6 properties with a combined carrying value of $1.9 million as of December 31, 2017.
Impaired Loans and Leases
We evaluate loan and lease impairment in accordance with GAAP. With the exception of PCI loans, loans and leases are considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan and lease agreement, including scheduled interest payments. Impaired loans and leases are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivable's effective interest rate or, as an expedient, at the receivable's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, less costs to sell. If the measure of the impaired receivable is less than the recorded investment in the receivable, the deficiency will be charged off against the allowance for loan and lease losses or, alternatively, a specific allocation will be established. Additionally, impaired loans and leases are specifically excluded from the quarterly migration analysis when determining the amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses required for the period.
The following table provides information on impaired loans and lease as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Recorded Investment |  | Percentage |  | Recorded Investment |  | Percentage
| (dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 1,394 |  |  | 5.3 | % |  | $ | 1,403 |  |  | 5.2 | %
Hospitality | 7,413 |  |  | 28.0 | % |  | 6,184 |  |  | 22.7 | %
Other | 7,255 |  |  | 27.4 | % |  | 8,513 |  |  | 31.3 | %
Total commercial real estate loans | 16,062 |  |  | 60.7 | % |  | 16,100 |  |  | 59.2 | %
Residential property | 2,450 |  |  | 9.3 | % |  | 2,563 |  |  | 9.4 | %
Commercial and industrial loans | 2,843 |  |  | 10.7 | % |  | 3,039 |  |  | 11.2 | %
Leases Receivable | 4,200 |  |  | 15.9 | % |  | 4,452 |  |  | 16.4 | %
Consumer loans | 894 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | 1,029 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Total loans and leases | $ | 26,449 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 27,183 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Total impaired loans and leases decreased $0.7 million, or 2.7 percent, to $26.4 million as of March 31, 2018, from $27.2 million at December 31, 2017. Specific allowances associated with impaired loans and leases were $3.0 million and $5.9 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, interest income that would have been recognized had impaired loans and leases performed in accordance with their original terms totaled $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Of these amounts, actual interest recognized on impaired loans and leases was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
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The following table provides information on TDRs as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Nonaccrual TDRs |  | Accrual TDRs |  | Total |  | Nonaccrual TDRs |  | Accrual TDRs |  | Total
| (in thousands)
Real estate loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property | $ | 5,203 |  |  | $ | 5,093 |  |  | $ | 10,296 |  |  | $ | 5,760 |  |  | $ | 5,123 |  |  | $ | 10,883 |
Residential property | — |  |  | 901 |  |  | 901 |  |  | — |  |  | 910 |  |  | 910 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 1,459 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 2,476 |  |  | 1,529 |  |  | 1,118 |  |  | 2,647 |
Consumer loans | 789 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 893 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 919 |
Total Non-PCI loans and leases | $ | 7,451 |  |  | $ | 7,115 |  |  | $ | 14,566 |  |  | $ | 8,100 |  |  | $ | 7,259 |  |  | $ | 15,359 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, one loan was restructured and subsequently classified as TDR. The temporary payment structure modifications was an extention of maturity.
As of March 31, 2018, TDRs on accrual status were $7.1 million, all of which were temporary interest rate and payment reductions or extensions of maturity, and a $26 thousand allowance relating to these loans was included in the allowance for loan and lease losses. For the TDRs on accrual status, we determined that, based on the financial capabilities of the borrowers at the time of the loan restructuring and the borrowers’past performance in the payment of debt service under the previous loan terms, performance and collection under the revised terms is probable. As of March 31, 2018, TDRs on nonaccrual status were $7.5 million, and a $1.7 million allowance relating to these loans was included in the allowance for loan and lease losses.
As of December 31, 2017, TDRs on accrual status were $7.3 million, all of which were temporary interest rate and payment reductions or extensions of maturity, and a $21 thousand allowance relating to these loans was included in the allowance for loan and lease losses. As of December 31, 2017, TDRs on nonaccrual status were $8.1 million, and a $2.2 million allowance relating to these loans was included in the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Allowance for Off-Balance Sheet Items
The Bank charges or credits operating expenses for provisions to the allowance for loan and lease losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet items at least quarterly based upon the allowance need. The allowance is determined through an analysis involving quantitative calculations based on historic loss rates and qualitative adjustments for general reserves and individual impairment calculations for specific allocations. The Bank charges the allowance for actual losses and credits the allowance for recoveries on loans and leases previously charged-off.
The Bank evaluates the allowance methodology at least annually. For the year ended December 31, 2017 and the current quarter in 2018, the Bank utilized a 27-quarter and 28-quarter, respectively, look-back period anchored to the first quarter of 2011, with equal weighting to all quarters. Management determined it was appropriate to anchor the look-back period in consideration for a prolonged period of low losses and the procyclical nature of provisioning. The anchoring will allow the Bank to better capture the economic cycle while improving the ability to measure losses.
To determine general reserve requirements, existing loans and leases are divided into general pools of risk-rated loans, as well as homogeneous pools. For the first twelve months of 2017 and the first three months in 2018, loans were divided into eleven general pools of risk-rated loans, as well as the three homogeneous pools. For risk-rated loans, migration analysis allocates historical losses by pool and risk grade to determine risk factors for potential losses inherent in the current outstanding portfolio. As three homogeneous pools are bulk graded, the risk grade is not factored into the historical loss analysis. In addition, specific reserves are allocated for loans deemed “impaired.”
When determining the appropriate level for allowance for loan and lease losses, management considers qualitative adjustments for any factors that are likely to cause estimated loan and lease losses associated with the Bank’s current portfolio to differ from historical loss experience, including, but not limited to, national and local economic and business conditions, volume and geographic concentrations, and problem loan trends.
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To systematically quantify the credit risk impact of trends and changes within the loan and lease portfolio, a credit risk matrix is utilized. The qualitative factors are considered on a loan pool by loan pool basis subsequent to, and in conjunction with, a loss migration analysis. The credit risk matrix provides various scenarios with positive or negative impact on the portfolio along with corresponding basis points for qualitative adjustments.
The following tables reflect our allocation of allowance for loan and lease losses by category as well as the receivable for each loan type:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Allowance Amount |  | Percentage |  | Total Loans |  | Allowance Amount |  | Percentage |  | Total Loans
| (dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial property |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | 2,899 |  |  | 9.1 | % |  | $ | 909,414 |  |  | $ | 2,729 |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | $ | 915,273 |
Hospitality | 6,359 |  |  | 20.0 | % |  | 731,531 |  |  | 5,922 |  |  | 19.1 | % |  | 681,325 |
Other | 5,777 |  |  | 18.2 | % |  | 1,423,903 |  |  | 5,722 |  |  | 18.4 | % |  | 1,417,273 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 15,035 |  |  | 47.3 | % |  | 3,064,848 |  |  | 14,373 |  |  | 46.3 | % |  | 3,013,871 |
Construction | 767 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | 57,896 |  |  | 796 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | 55,190 |
Residential property | 1,838 |  |  | 5.8 | % |  | 545,053 |  |  | 1,843 |  |  | 5.9 | % |  | 521,853 |
Total real estate loans | 17,640 |  |  | 55.5 | % |  | 3,667,797 |  |  | 17,012 |  |  | 54.8 | % |  | 3,590,914 |
Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial term | 4,472 |  |  | 14.1 | % |  | 184,083 |  |  | 5,001 |  |  | 16.1 | % |  | 182,685 |
Commercial lines of credit | 2,104 |  |  | 6.6 | % |  | 190,255 |  |  | 2,070 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | 181,894 |
International loans | 314 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 35,042 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 34,622 |
Total commercial and industrial loans | 6,890 |  |  | 21.7 | % |  | 409,380 |  |  | 7,400 |  |  | 23.9 | % |  | 399,201 |
Leases receivable | 7,110 |  |  | 22.4 | % |  | 321,481 |  |  | 6,279 |  |  | 20.2 | % |  | 297,284 |
Consumer loans | 125 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | 14,899 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | 17,059 |
Unallocated | 12 |  |  | 0.0 | % |  | — |  |  | 230 |  |  | 0.7 | % |  | — |
Total | $ | 31,777 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,413,557 |  |  | $ | 31,043 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,304,458 |

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The following tables set forth certain information regarding the allowance for loan and lease losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet items for the periods presented. Allowance for off-balance sheet items is determined by applying reserve factors according to pool and grade as well as actual current commitment usage figures by type to existing contingent liabilities.

| For the Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2018 |  | March 31, 2017
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 31,043 |  |  | $ | 32,429 |
Charge-offs | (1,632 | ) |  | (186 | )
Recoveries on loans previously charged off | 1,717 |  |  | 989 |
Net loan recoveries | 85 |  |  | 803 |
Loan and lease loss provision (income) | 649 |  |  | (80 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 31,777 |  |  | $ | 33,152 |
Allowance for off-balance sheet items: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,296 |  |  | $ | 1,184 |
Provision | 27 |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 1,184 |
Net loan and lease charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans and leases (1) | (0.01 | )% |  | (0.08 | )%
Average loans and leases during period | $ | 4,310,964 |  |  | $ | 3,881,686 |
| As of
Ratios: | March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Allowance for loan and lease losses to loans and leases | 0.72 | % |  | 0.72 | %
Non-performing loans and leases to loans and leases | 0.35 | % |  | 0.37 | %
Allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming loans and leases | 206.85 | % |  | 196.41 | %
Balance: |  |  |
Allowance for loan and lease losses at end of period | $ | 31,777 |  |  | $ | 31,043 |
Nonperforming loans and leases at end of period | $ | 15,362 |  |  | $ | 15,805 |
Loans and leases at end of period | $ | 4,413,557 |  |  | $ | 4,304,458 |

(1) | Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) are annualized to calculate the ratios.

Allowance for loan and lease losses was $31.8 million and $31.0 million as of March 31, 2018 and Decmber 31, 2017, respectively. The increase of $734,000, or 2.4 percent, in the allowance for loan and lease losses as of March 31, 2018, compared with December 31, 2017 was due primarily to the increase in loan and lease receivables. The provision for loan and lease losses was $0.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and charge-offs of $1.6 million were offset by recoveries of $1.7 million for the same period.
The allowance for off-balance sheet exposure, primarily unfunded loan commitments, was $1.3 million and $1.2 million as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Bank closely monitors the borrower’s repayment capabilities, while funding existing commitments to ensure losses are minimized.
Based on management’s evaluation and analysis of portfolio credit quality and prevailing economic conditions, we believe these allowances are adequate for losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio and for off-balance sheet exposures as of March 31, 2018.
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The following table presents a summary of net charge-offs (recoveries):

| As of and for the Three Months Ended
| Charge-offs |  | Recoveries |  | Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans | $ | 989 |  |  | $ | 885 |  |  | $ | 104 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 279 |  |  | 736 |  |  | (457 | )
Leases receivable | 364 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 269 |
Consumer loans | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | )
Total loans | $ | 1,632 |  |  | $ | 1,717 |  |  | $ | (85 | )
March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |
Real estate loans | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 712 |  |  | (608 | )
Commercial and industrial loans | 40 |  |  | 277 |  |  | (237 | )
Leases receivable | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Consumer loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 989 |  |  | $ | (803 | )

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, total charge-offs were $1.6 million, an increase of $1.4 million, or 777.4 percent, from $0.2 million for the same period in 2017. Charge-offs were offset by recoveries during the three months ended March 31, 2018 of $1.7 million, an increase of $0.7 million, or 73.6 percent, from $1.0 million for the same period in 2017.
Deposits
The following table shows the composition of deposits by type as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Balance |  | Percent |  | Balance |  | Percent
| (dollars in thousands)
Demand – noninterest-bearing | $ | 1,352,162 |  |  | 30.9 | % |  | $ | 1,312,274 |  |  | 30.2 | %
Interest-bearing: | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand | 93,591 |  |  | 2.1 | % |  | 92,948 |  |  | 2.1 | %
Money market and savings | 1,469,010 |  |  | 33.6 | % |  | 1,527,100 |  |  | 35.1 | %
Time deposits of $100,000 or more (1) | 1,197,026 |  |  | 27.3 | % |  | 1,131,789 |  |  | 26.0 | %
Other time deposits | 266,312 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 284,543 |  |  | 6.6 | %
Total deposits | $ | 4,378,101 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,348,654 |  |  | 100.0 | %

(1) | Includes $562.5 million and $462.2 million of time deposits of $250,000 or more as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Deposits increased $29.4 million, or 0.7 percent, to $4.38 billion as of March 31, 2018 from $4.35 billion as of December 31, 2017. The increase in deposits was mainly attributable to the $243.0 million, or 25.5 percent, and $39.9 million, or 3 percent, increase in time deposits and non-interest bearing demand deposits, respectively.
Borrowings and Subordinated Debentures
At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were $220.0 million and $150.0 million in overnight advances from the FHLB, respectively. In addition, subordinated debentures were $117.4 million and $117.2 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
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Interest Rate Risk Management
The spread between interest income on interest-earning assets and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities is the principal component of net interest income, and interest rate changes substantially affect our financial performance. We emphasize capital protection through stable earnings. In order to achieve stable earnings, we prudently manage our assets and liabilities and closely monitor the percentage changes in net interest income and equity value in relation to limits established within our guidelines.
The Company performs simulation modeling to estimate the potential effects of interest rate changes. The following table summarizes one of the stress simulations performed to forecast the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income and the value of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our balance sheet (i.e., an instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve of the magnitude indicated below). This sensitivity analysis is compared to policy limits, which specify the maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a 1- to 12-month and a 13- to 24-month horizon, given the basis point adjustment in interest rates reflected below.

| Net Interest Income Simulation
| 1- to 12-Month Horizon |  | 13- to 24-Month Horizon
Change in Interest Rate | Dollar Change |  | Percentage Change |  | Dollar Change |  | Percentage Change
| (dollars in thousands)
300% | $ | (1,260 | ) |  | (0.66)% |  | $ | 6,640 |  |  | 3.44%
200% | $ | (931 | ) |  | (0.49)% |  | $ | 4,346 |  |  | 2.25%
100% | $ | (202 | ) |  | (0.11)% |  | $ | 2,943 |  |  | 1.52%
(100)% | $ | (4,187 | ) |  | (2.18)% |  | $ | (10,983 | ) |  | (5.68)%

|  |  |  |  | Economic Value of Equity (EVE)
Change in Interest Rate |  |  |  |  | Dollar Change |  | Percentage Change
|  |  |  |  | (dollars in thousands)
300% |  |  |  |  | $ | (18,680 | ) |  | (2.77)%
200% |  |  |  |  | $ | (10,503 | ) |  | (1.56)%
100% |  |  |  |  | $ | (290 | ) |  | (0.04)%
(100)% |  |  |  |  | $ | (17,121 | ) |  | (2.54)%

The estimated sensitivity does not necessarily represent our forecast, and the results may not be indicative of actual changes to our net interest income. These estimates are based upon a number of assumptions including the nature and timing of interest rate levels including yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and leases and securities, pricing strategies on loans and leases and deposits, and replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While the assumptions used are based on current economic and local market conditions, there is no assurance as to the predictive nature of these conditions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Capital Resources
Historically, our primary source of capital has been the retention of operating earnings. In order to ensure adequate levels of capital, the Board regularly assesses projected sources and uses of capital in conjunction with projected increases in assets and levels of risk. Management considers, among other things, earnings generated from operations, and access to capital from financial markets through the issuance of additional securities, including common stock or notes, to meet our capital needs.
At March 31, 2018, the Bank’s total risk-based capital ratio of 15.13 percent, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 14.39 percent, common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 14.39 percent and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 12.51 percent, placed the Bank
50

in the “well capitalized” category pursuant to capital rules, which is defined as institutions with total risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 10.00 percent, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 8.00 percent, common equity Tier 1 capital ratios equal to or greater than 6.50 percent and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio equal to or greater than 5.00 percent.
At March 31, 2018, the Company's total risk-based capital ratio was 15.43 percent, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 12.52 percent, common equity Tier 1 capital ratio was 12.09 percent and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio was 10.88 percent.
For a discussion of implemented changes to the capital adequacy framework prompted by Basel III and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, see our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Liquidity
Hanmi Financial
Management believes that Hanmi Financial, on a stand-alone basis, has adequate liquid assets to meet its current obligations.
Hanmi Bank
The principal objective of our liquidity management program is to maintain the Bank’s ability to meet the day-to-day cash flow requirements of our customers who either wish to withdraw funds or to draw upon credit facilities to meet their cash needs. Management believes that the Bank, on a stand-alone basis, has adequate liquid assets to meet its current obligations. The Bank’s primary funding source will continue to be deposits originating from its branch platform. The Bank’s wholesale funds historically consisted of FHLB advances and brokered deposits. As of March 31, 2018, the Bank had $145.2 million of brokered deposits.
We monitor the sources and uses of funds on a regular basis to maintain an acceptable liquidity position. The Bank’s primary source of borrowings is the FHLB, from which the Bank is eligible to borrow up to 30% of its assets. As of March 31, 2018, the total borrowing capacity available based on pledged collateral and remaining available borrowing capacity were $871.0 million and $651.0 million, respectively, compared to $802.9 million and $652.9 million, respectively as of December 31, 2017. The Bank also had three unsecured federal funds lines totaling $95.0 million with no outstanding balances as of March 31, 2018.
As a means of augmenting its liquidity, the Bank had an available borrowing source of $8.0 million from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, to which the Bank pledged securities with a carrying value of $8.1 million, and had no borrowings as of March 31, 2018.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
For a discussion of off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 12 - Off-Balance Sheet Commitments included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) in this Report and “Item 1. Business - Off-Balance Sheet Commitments” in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Contractual Obligations
There have been no material changes to the contractual obligations described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Recently Issued Accounting Standards
FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), introduces the most significant change for lessees including the requirement under the new guidance to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases not considered short-term leases. By definition, a short-term lease is one in which: (a) the lease term is 12 months or less; and (b) there is not an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise. For short-term leases, lessees may elect an accounting policy by class of underlying asset under which right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are not recognized and lease payments are generally recognized as expense over the lease term on a straight-line basis. This change will result in lessees recognizing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most leases currently accounted for as operating leases under the legacy lease accounting guidance. Examples of changes in the new guidance affecting both lessees and lessors include: (a) defining initial direct costs to only include those incremental costs that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been entered into, (b) requiring related party leases to be accounted for based on their legally enforceable terms and conditions, (c) eliminating the additional requirements that must be applied today to leases involving real estate and (d) revising the circumstances under which the transfer contract in a sale-leaseback transaction should be accounted for as the sale of an asset by the seller-lessee and the purchase of an asset by the buyer-lessor. In addition, both lessees and lessors are subject to new disclosure requirements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public entities for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018.
As a lessee in several operating lease arrangements that are not considered short-term, effective January 1, 2019, the Company expects to recognize a lease liability for the present value of future such lease commitments and a right of use asset for the same leases. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated net income, stockholders’ equity or cash flows.
FASB ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, introduces new guidance for the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. Current expected credit losses (“CECL”) model, will apply to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost; and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, loan commitments, financial guarantees, and net investments in leases, as well as reinsurance and trade receivables. Upon initial recognition of the exposure, the CECL model requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). The estimate of expected credit losses (ECL) should consider historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. Financial instruments with similar risk characteristics should be grouped together when estimating ECL. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public entities for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application of the guidance will be permitted for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill impairment by eliminating the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (i.e., the current Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Under this ASU, the impairment test is simply the comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount (the current Step 1), with the impairment charge being the deficit in fair value but not exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The simplified one-step impairment test applies to all reporting units (including those with zero or negative carrying amounts). An entity should apply the amendments in this ASU on a prospective basis. An entity is required to disclose the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle upon transition. That disclosure should be provided in the first annual period and in the interim period within the first annual period when the entity initially adopts the amendments in this standard. Public business entities should adopt the amendments in this ASU for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Topic 310): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, shortens the period of amortization of the premium on certain callable debt securities to the earliest call date. ASU 2017-08 applies to securities that have explicit, non-contingent call features that are callable at fixed prices and on preset dates. Securities purchased at a discount and mortgage-backed securities in which early repayment is based on prepayment of the underlying assets of the security are outside the scope of ASU 2017-08. For public business entities, the standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period, and applied on a modified retrospective basis
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through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
FASB ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, was issued in August 2017 with the objective of improving the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition to that main objective, the amendments in this Update make certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current GAAP. The ASU requires certain hedging instrument to be presented in the same line item as the hedged item and also requires expanded disclosures. This ASU’s mandatory effective date for calendar year-end public companies is January 1, 2019, but the amendments may be early adopted in any interim or annual period after issuance. The Company does not currently have hedging transactions that would be impacted by this ASU and does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
For quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding market risks in Hanmi Bank’s portfolio, see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Interest Rate Risk Management” and “- Capital Resources” in this Report.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of March 31, 2018, Hanmi Financial carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer). The purpose of the disclosure controls and procedures is to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Hanmi Financial’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2018.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the most recent fiscal quarter, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect Hanmi Financial's internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II — Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, Hanmi Financial and its subsidiaries are parties to litigation that arises in the ordinary course of business, such as claims to enforce liens, claims involving the origination and servicing of loans, and other issues related to the business of Hanmi Financial and its subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the resolution of any such issues would not have a material adverse impact on the financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity of Hanmi Financial or its subsidiaries.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the first quarter of 2018, there were no repurchases of Hanmi Financial’s equity securities by Hanmi Financial or its affiliates, except that the Company acquired 13,604 shares from employees in connection with their vested restricted shares that they surrendered to satisfy their tax liability.
.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Document
3.1 | First Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws and Hanmi Financial Corporation, effective September 27, 2017 (incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 3.1 to Hanmi Financial's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 2, 2017).
10.1 | Employment Agreement by and between Hanmi Financial Corporation, Hanmi Bank and Bonita I. Lee dated as of February 21, 2018 (incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10.1 to Hanmi Financial’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2018).†
10.2 | Employment Agreement by and between Hanmi Financial Corporation, Hanmi Bank and Romolo C. Santarosa dated as of February 21, 2018 (incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10.2 to Hanmi Financial’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2018).†
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document *
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document *
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document *
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document *
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document *
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document *

* Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language).
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | Hanmi Financial Corporation
Date: | May 10, 2018 |  | By: | /s/ C. G. Kum
|  |  |  | C. G. Kum
|  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
|  |  | By: | /s/ Romolo C. Santarosa
|  |  |  | Romolo C. Santarosa
|  |  |  | Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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