<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001731122-23-000651.txt : 20230414
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230414060132
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001731122-23-000651
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230411
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230414
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230414

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ANAVEX LIFE SCIENCES CORP.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001314052
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES) [2836]
		IRS NUMBER:				208365999
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37606
		FILM NUMBER:		23819602

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		51 W 52ND STREET,
		STREET 2:		7TH FLOOR
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10019-6163
		BUSINESS PHONE:		800-689-3939

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		51 W 52ND STREET,
		STREET 2:		7TH FLOOR
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10019-6163

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Thrifty Printing Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20050111
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span><br />
<span style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span><br />
<span style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Washington, DC 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>FORM
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b>&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the<br />
Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
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<span style="font-size: 10pt">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;(Registrant&#8217;s
telephone number, including area code)</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: black">Soliciting material pursuant
    to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: black">Pre-commencement communications
    pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: black">Pre-commencement communications
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Emerging
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 1in"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black"><b>Item&#160;5.03</b></span></td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black"><b>Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white">On
April 11, 2023, the Board of Directors (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Board</span>&#8221;) of Anavex Life
Sciences Corp., a Nevada corporation (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Company</span>&#8221;), determined that it
was in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to amend and restate the Company&#8217;s Bylaws, and approved and
adopted the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Amended and Restated
Bylaws</span>&#8221;). The Board amended the Company&#8217;s Bylaws to require that the position of Chairman of the Board of
Directors must be filled by an independent director and cannot be held by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The Amended
and Restated Bylaws became effective immediately upon their adoption.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white">The
foregoing summary of the Amended and Restated Bylaws does not purport to be a complete statement of the terms of such document
and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text the Amended and Restated Bylaws, a copy of which is filed herewith
as <span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibit 3.1</span> to this Current Report on Form 8-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white">&#160;</span></p>

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<td style="text-align: left; width: 1in"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black"><b>Item 9.01.</b></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black"><b>Financial
Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white"></span></p>

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    <td style="padding: 0.25pt; white-space: nowrap; width: 13%"><p style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit
                                            No.</b></span></p></td>
    <td style="padding: 0.25pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0.25pt; white-space: nowrap"><p style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></p></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="padding: 0.25pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0.25pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit
    3.1</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 0.25pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0.25pt; vertical-align: top"><a href="e4593_ex3-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated Bylaws</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0.25pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit
    104</span></td>
    <td style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0.25pt; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0.25pt; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover
    Page Interactive Data File</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="background-color: white">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned
hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black"><b>ANAVEX LIFE SCIENCES CORP.</b></span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 5%"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black">By:</span></td>
    <td style="width: 45%">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black"><i>/s/ </i>Christopher Missling</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black">Name: Christopher Missling, PhD</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black">Title: Chief Executive Officer</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black">&#160;Date: April 14, 2023</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&#160;</p>

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<TYPE>EX-3.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
<TEXT>
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<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>EXHIBIT 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED
BYLAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>OF </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>ANAVEX LIFE SCIENCES CORP.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">A Nevada Corporation</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE I</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>STOCKHOLDERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Annual Meeting</U>. Annual meetings of the stockholders
of Anavex Life Sciences Corp. (the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;), shall be held on the day and at the time as may be set by the Board of
Directors of the Corporation (the &ldquo;Board of Directors&rdquo;) from time to time, at which annual meeting the stockholders shall
elect by vote a Board of Directors and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">2</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Special Meetings</U>. Special meetings of the stockholders
for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation, may be called by the President
or the Secretary by resolution of the Board of Directors or at the request in writing of stockholders owning a majority in amount of the
entire capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. Such request shall state the purpose of the proposed
meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">3</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Place of Meetings</U>. All annual meetings of the
stockholders shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation or at such other place within or outside the State of Nevada as
the Board of Directors shall determine. Special meetings of the stockholders may be held at such time and place within or outside the
State of Nevada as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting, or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">4</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Quorum; Adjourned Meetings</U>. The holders of
at least one third (33.3%) of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy,
shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute
or by the Articles of Incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders,
the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from
time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned
meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting
as originally notified.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">5</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Voting</U>. Each stockholder of record of the Corporation
holding stock which is entitled to vote at a meeting shall be entitled at each meeting of stockholders to one vote for each share of stock
standing in their name on the books of the Corporation. Upon the demand of any stockholder, the vote for members of the Board of Directors
and the vote upon any question before the meeting shall be by ballot.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">When a quorum is present or represented at any meeting,
the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall be sufficient to
elect members of the Board of Directors or to decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which by
express provision of the statutes or of the Articles of Incorporation, a different vote is required in which case such express provision
shall govern and control the decision of such question.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">6</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Proxies.</U> At any meeting of the stockholders,
any stockholder may be represented and vote by a proxy or proxies appointed by an instrument in writing. In the event that any such instrument
in writing shall designate two or more persons to act as proxies, a majority of such persons present at the meeting, or, if only one shall
be present, then that one shall have and may exercise all of the powers conferred by such written instrument upon all of the persons so
designated unless the instrument shall otherwise provide. No proxy or power of attorney to vote shall be used to vote at a meeting of
the stockholders unless it shall have been filed with the secretary of the meeting. All questions regarding the qualification of voters,
the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes shall be decided by the inspectors of election who shall be appointed
by the Board of Directors, or if not so appointed, then by the presiding officer of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">7</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Action - Without Meeting</U>. Any action which
may be taken by the vote of the stockholders at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if authorized by the written consent of stockholders
holding at least a majority of the voting power, unless the provisions of the statutes or of the Articles of Incorporation require a greater
proportion of voting power to authorize such action in which case such greater proportion of written consents shall be required.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE II</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>DIRECTORS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Management of Corporation</U>. The business of
the Corporation shall be managed by its Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful
acts and things as are not by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or by these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done
by the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">2</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Number, Tenure, and Qualifications</U>. The number
of directors which shall constitute the whole board shall be at least one. The number of directors may from time to time be increased
or decreased by resolution of the Board of Directors to not less than one nor more than fifteen. The Board of Directors shall be elected
at the annual meeting of the stockholders and except as provided in Section 2 of this Article, each director elected shall hold office
until his successor is elected and qualified. Directors need not be stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">3</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Vacancies</U>. Vacancies in the Board of Directors
including those caused by an increase in the number of directors, may be filled by a majority of the remaining Board of Directors, though
not less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and each director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected
at an annual or a special meeting of the stockholders. The holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote may
at any time peremptorily terminate the term of office of all or any of the members of the Board of Directors by vote at a meeting called
for such purpose or by a written statement filed with the secretary or, in his absence, with any other officer. Such removal shall be
effective immediately, even if successors are not elected simultaneously.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">A vacancy or vacancies in the Board of Directors shall
be deemed to exist in case of the death, resignation or removal of any directors, or if the authorized number of directors be increased,
or if the stockholders fail at any annual or special meeting of stockholders at which any director or directors are elected to elect the
full authorized number of directors to be voted for at that meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">If the Board of Directors accepts the resignation
of a director tendered to take effect at a future time, the Board of Directors or the stockholders shall have power to elect a successor
to take office when the resignation is to become effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">No reduction of the authorized number of directors
shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of his term of office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">4</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Annual and Regular Meetings</U>. Regular meetings
of the Board of Directors shall be held at any place within or outside the State which has been designated from time to time by resolution
of the Board of Directors or by written consent of all members of the Board of Directors. In the absence of such designation, regular
meetings shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held either at a
place so designated or at the registered office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be
held without call or notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be fixed and determined by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">5</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>First Meeting</U>. The first meeting of each newly
elected Board of Directors shall be held immediately following the adjournment of the meeting of stockholders and at the place thereof.
No notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the Board of Directors in order to legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum
be present. In the event such meeting is not so held, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice
given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">6</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Special Meetings</U>. Special meetings of the Board
of Directors may be called by the Chairman or the President or by any Vice President or by any two directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Written notice of the time and place of special meetings
shall be delivered personally to each director, or sent to each director by mail, facsimile transmission, electronic mail or by other
form of written communication, charges prepaid, addressed to him at his address as it is shown upon the records or if such address is
not readily ascertainable, at the place in which the meetings of the Board of Directors are regularly held. In case such notice is mailed, it
shall be deposited in the United States mail at least five (5) days prior to the time of the holding of the meeting. In case such notice
is hand delivered, faxed or emailed as above provided, it shall be so delivered at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the time of the
holding of the meeting. Such mailing, faxing, emailing or delivery as above provided shall be due, legal and personal notice to such director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">7</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Business of Meetings</U>. The transactions of any
meeting of the Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as though held at a meeting duly held
after regular call and notice, if a quorum be present, and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present signs
a written waiver of notice, or a consent to holding such meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or
approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">8</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Quorum, Adjourned Meetings</U>. A majority of the
authorized number of directors shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as hereinafter
provided. Every act or decision made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall
be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors, unless a greater number be required by law or by the Articles of Incorporation. Any
action of a majority, although not at a regularly called meeting, and the record thereof, if assented to in writing by all of the other
members of the Board of Directors shall be as valid and effective in all respects as if passed by the Board of Directors in regular meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">A quorum of the Board of Directors may adjourn any
meeting of the Board of Directors to meet again at a stated day and hour-provided, however, that in the absence of a quorum, a majority
of the directors present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, either regular or special, may adjourn from time to time until the
time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned
meeting need not be given to the absent directors if the time and place be fixed at the meeting adjourned.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">9</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Committees</U>. The Board of Directors may, by
resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors, designate one or more committees of the Board of Directors, each committee
to consist of at least one or more of the members of the Board of Directors which, to the extent provided in the resolution, shall have
and may exercise the power of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation and may have power
to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Such committee or committees shall have such
name or names as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. The members of any such committee present at any meeting
and not disqualified from voting may, whether or not they constitute a quorum, unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors
to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. At meetings of such committees, a majority of the members or
alternate members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the members or alternate members
at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The committees shall keep regular minutes of their
proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">10</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Action Without Meeting</U>. Any action required
or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a written
consent thereto is signed by all members of the Board of Directors or of such committee, as the case may be, and such written consent
is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">11</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Special Compensation</U>. The directors may be
paid their expenses of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting
of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in
any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like reimbursement and
compensation for attending committee meetings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE III</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>NOTICES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Notice of Meetings</U>. Notices of meetings of
stockholders shall be in writing and signed by the President or a Vice President or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or by such
other person or persons as the Board of Directors shall designate. Such notice shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting
of stockholders is called and the time and the place, which may be within or without this State, where it is to be held. A copy of such
notice shall be delivered personally to, sent by facsimile transmission or electronic mail or shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each
stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before such meeting. If mailed,
it shall be directed to a stockholder at his address as it appears upon the records of the Corporation and upon such mailing of any such
notice, the service thereof shall be complete and the time of the notice shall begin to run from the date upon which such notice is deposited
in the mail for transmission to such stockholder. Personal delivery of any such notice to any officer of a Corporation or association,
or to any member of a partnership shall constitute delivery of such notice to such Corporation, association or partnership. In the event
of the transfer of stock after delivery of such notice of and prior to the holding of the meeting it shall not be necessary to deliver
or mail notice of the meeting to the transferee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">2</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Effect of Irregularly Called Meetings</U>. Whenever
all parties entitled to vote at any meeting, whether of the Board of Directors or stockholders, consent, either by a writing on the records
of the meeting or filed with the Secretary, or by presence at such meeting and oral consent entered on the minutes, or by taking part
in the deliberations at such meeting without objection, the doings of such meeting shall be as valid as if they had been approved at a
meeting regularly called and noticed, and at such meeting any business may be transacted which is not excepted from the written consent
or to the consideration of which no objection for want of notice is made at the time, and if any meeting be irregular for want of notice
or of such consent, provided a quorum was present at such meeting, the proceedings of said meeting may be ratified and approved and rendered
likewise valid and the irregularity or defect therein waived by a writing signed by all parties having the right to vote at such meeting,
and such consent or approval of stockholders may be by proxy or attorney, but all such proxies and powers of attorney must be in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">3</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Waiver of Notice.</U> Whenever any notice is required
to be given under the provisions of the statutes, of the Articles of Incorporation or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed
by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE IV</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>OFFICERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Election</U>. The officers of the Corporation shall
be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, none of whom need be directors of the Corporation.
Any person may hold two or more offices. The Board of Directors may appoint a Chairman of the Board of Directors, Vice Chairman of the
Board of Directors, one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">2</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 20pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Chairman of the Board</U>. The Chairman of the
Board of Directors shall preside at meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors, and shall see that all orders and resolutions
of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The Chairman of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer shall not be
the same person. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be an independent director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">3</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Vice Chairman of the Board</U>. The Vice Chairman
of the Board of Directors shall, in the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, perform the duties and exercise
the powers of the Chairman of the Board of Directors and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time
prescribe.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">4</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>President.</U> The President, subject to the control
of the Board of Directors, shall supervise and control all the business and affairs of the corporation. He shall, when present, preside
at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. He shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors
are carried into effect (unless any such order or resolution shall provide otherwise), and in general shall perform all duties incident
to the office of president and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time..</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">5</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Vice President</U>. The Vice President shall act
under the direction of the President and in the absence or disability of the President shall perform the duties and exercise the powers
of the President. The Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the President or the Board of Directors
may from time to time prescribe. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Executive Vice Presidents or may otherwise specify the
order of seniority of the Vice Presidents. The duties and powers of the President shall descend to the Vice Presidents in such specified
order of seniority.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">6</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Secretary</U>. The Secretary shall act under the
direction of the President. Subject to the direction of the President, the Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors
and all meetings of the stockholders and record the proceedings. The Secretary shall perform like duties for the standing committees when
required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board
of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the President or the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">7</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Assistant Secretaries</U>. The Assistant Secretaries
shall act under the direction of the President. In order of their seniority, unless otherwise determined by the President or the Board
of Directors, they shall, in the absence or disability of the Secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary.
They shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">8</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Treasurer.</U> The Treasurer shall act under the
direction of the President. Subject to the direction of the President, the Treasurer shall have custody of the corporate funds and securities
and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all monies
and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of
Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the President or the Board of Directors, taking
proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when
the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer
shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for
the faithful performance of the duties of the Treasurer&rsquo;s office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of Treasurer&rsquo;s
death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in the
Treasurer&rsquo;s possession or under the Treasurer&rsquo;s control belonging to the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">9</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Assistant Treasurers</U>. The Assistant Treasurers
in the order of their seniority, unless otherwise determined by the President or the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability
of the Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer. They shall perform such other duties and have such other
powers as the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">10</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Compensation</U>. The salaries and compensation
of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">11</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Removal; Resignation</U>. The officers of the Corporation
shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed
at any time by the</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office
of the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or otherwise shall be filled by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE V</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>CAPITAL STOCK</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Certificates</U>. Every stockholder shall be entitled
to have a certificate signed by the President or Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such stockholder
in the Corporation. If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class,
the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of the various classes of stock or series
thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such rights, shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back
of the certificate, which the Corporation shall issue to represent such stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">If a certificate is signed (1) by a transfer agent
other than the Corporation or its employees or (2) by a registrar other than the Corporation or its employees, the signatures of the officers
of the Corporation may be facsimiles. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate
shall cease to be such officer before such certificate is issued, such certificate may be issued with the same effect as though the person
had not ceased to be such officer. The seal of the Corporation, or a facsimile thereof, may, but need not be, affixed to certificates
of stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">2</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Surrendered, Lost or Destroyed Certificates</U>.
The Board of Directors may direct a certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued
by the Corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate
of stock to be lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its
discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost or destroyed certificate or certificates,
or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or give the Corporation a bond in such sum as
it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have
been lost or destroyed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">3</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Replacement Certificates</U>. Upon surrender to
the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of
succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation, if it is satisfied that all provisions of the
laws and regulations applicable to the Corporation regarding transfer and ownership of shares have been complied with, to issue a new
certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">4</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Record Date</U>. The Board of Directors may fix
in advance a date not exceeding sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders, or the
date for the payment of any distribution, or the date for the allotment of rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange
of capital stock shall go into effect, or a date in connection with obtaining the consent of stockholders for any purpose, as a record date for the determination
of the stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any such meeting, and any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment
of any such distribution, or to give such consent, and in such case, such stockholders, and only such stockholders as shall be stockholders
of record on the date so fixed, shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting, or any adjournment thereof, or to receive
payment of such distribution, or to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, or to give such consent, as the case
may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any stock on the books of the Corporation after any such record date fixed as aforesaid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">5</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Registered Owner</U>. The Corporation shall be
entitled to recognize the person registered on its books as the owner of shares to be the exclusive owner for all purposes including voting
and distribution, and the Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares
on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws
of Nevada.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE VI</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>GENERAL PROVISIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Registered Office</U>. </FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 80%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The registered office of this Corporation shall be in the State of Nevada.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Corporation may also have offices at such other
places both within and outside the State of Nevada as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation
may require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">2</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Distributions</U>. Distributions upon capital stock
of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any
regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Distributions may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock, subject to
the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">3</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Reserves.</U> Before payment of any distribution,
there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for distributions such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from
time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing distributions
or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive
to the interest of the Corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">4</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Checks; Notes.</U> All checks or demands for money
and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may
from time to time designate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">5</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Fiscal Year</U>. </FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 80%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">6</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Corporate Seal.</U> The Corporation may or may
not have a corporate seal, as may from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. If a corporate seal is adopted,
it shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation and the words &ldquo;Corporate Seal&rdquo; and &ldquo;Nevada&rdquo;. The seal
may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any manner reproduced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE VII</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>INDEMNIFICATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Indemnification of Officers and Directors, Employees
and Other Persons</U>. Every person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or a person of whom he is the legal
representative is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation or for its benefit
as a director or officer of another Corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise,
shall be indemnified and held harmless to the fullest extent legally permissible under the General Corporation Law of the State of Nevada
from time to time against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys&rsquo; fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid or to be
paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by him in connection therewith. The expenses of officers and directors incurred in
defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding must be paid by the Corporation as they are incurred and in advance of the final
disposition of the action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount
if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation. Such
right of indemnification shall be a contract right which may be enforced in any manner desired by such person. Such right of indemnification
shall not be exclusive of any other right which such directors, officers or representatives may have or hereafter acquire and, without
limiting the generality of such statement, they shall be entitled to their respective rights of indemnification under any bylaw, agreement,
vote of stockholders, provision of law or otherwise, as well as their rights under this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">2</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Insurance</U>. The Board of Directors may cause
the Corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or
is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another Corporation, or as its representative in a partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred in any such capacity or arising
out of such status, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">3</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Further Bylaws.</U> The Board of Directors may
from time to time adopt further Bylaws with respect to indemnification and may amend these and such Bylaws to provide at all times the
fullest indemnification permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Nevada.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE VIII</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>AMENDMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><U>Amendments by Board of Directors.</U> The Board
of Directors, by a majority vote of the Board of Directors at any meeting may amend these Bylaws, including Bylaws adopted by the stockholders,
but the stockholders may from time to time specify particular provisions of the Bylaws, which shall not be amended by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE IX</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt; text-align: center"><B>TRANSACTIONS WITH STOCKHOLDERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt">1</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt; text-align: justify"><U>Acquisition of Controlling Interest.</U>
The Corporation elects not to be governed by NRS 78.378 through 78.3793, inclusive, of the Nevada Private Corporations Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION</B></FONT><B> 2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt; text-align: justify"><U>Combinations with Interested Stockholders.</U>
The Corporation elects not to be governed by NRS 78.411 through 78.444, inclusive, inclusive, of the Nevada Private Corporations Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 2.15pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 11th day of April, 2023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">/s/ Christopher Missling</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">Christopher Missling</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">President and Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-11-</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap-sup/2022q3" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022q3/us-gaap-sup-2022q3.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-sup/2022q3" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022q3/srt-sup-2022q3.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-types-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-types-2022.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>avxl-20230411_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.18a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>avxl-20230411_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140030435669984">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 11, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 11,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--09-30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-37606<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ANAVEX
LIFE SCIENCES CORP.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001314052<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">98-0608404<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">630 5th Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">20th Floor<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">New York<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">10111<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">844<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">689-3939<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">AVXL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
