<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001731122-25-001033.txt : 20250728
<SEC-HEADER>0001731122-25-001033.hdr.sgml : 20250728
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250725192616
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001731122-25-001033
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250725
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250728
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250725

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ANAVEX LIFE SCIENCES CORP.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001314052
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES) [2836]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				980608404
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37606
		FILM NUMBER:		251152751

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		630 5TH AVENUE
		STREET 2:		20TH FLOOR
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10111
		BUSINESS PHONE:		844-689-3939

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		630 5TH AVENUE
		STREET 2:		20TH FLOOR
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10111

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Thrifty Printing Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20050111
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 14pt">UNITED
STATES<br/>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</span><br/>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt">Washington, D.C. 20549</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Current Report<br/>
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20250725__20250725_zqytuSQwLKKf"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-07-25" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000024" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span> Pre-commencement
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of
the Act:</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><b></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; color: white"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an
emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR &#167;230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (17 CFR &#167;240.12b-2).</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark
if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Segoe UI Symbol,sans-serif">&#9744;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On July 25, 2025, Anavex Life
Sciences Corp. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into a Sales Agreement (the &#8220;Sales Agreement&#8221;) with TD Securities (USA)
LLC (the &#8220;Sales Agent&#8221;). Pursuant to the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell up to an aggregate offering price
of $150,000,000 (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;) in shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;), from time
to time through the Sales Agent. The issuance and sale of the Shares in the Offering, if any, by the Company under the Sales Agreement
will be pursuant to the Company&#8217;s shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333- 288661) (the &#8220;Registration Statement&#8221;),
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on July 14, 2025 and declared effective by the SEC on July 23,
2025, and the related prospectus supplement, filed with the SEC on July 25, 2025 (the &#8220;Prospectus Supplement&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon delivery of a placement notice
based on the Company&#8217;s instructions and subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Sales Agent may sell the
Shares by methods deemed to be an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), including sales made directly on or through The Nasdaq Capital Market (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;),
on any other existing trading market for the Company&#8217;s Shares, in negotiated transactions at market prices prevailing at the time
of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or by any other method permitted by law, including negotiated transactions,
subject to the prior written consent of the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is not obligated to
make any sales of Shares under the Sales Agreement. The Company or the Sales Agent may suspend or terminate the Offering of Shares upon
notice to the other party, subject to certain conditions. The Sales Agent will act as sales agents on a commercially reasonable efforts
basis consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations and the rules
of Nasdaq.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company has agreed to pay
the Sales Agent commissions for its services of acting as agent of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Shares pursuant
to the Sales Agreement. The Company has also agreed to provide the Sales Agent with customary indemnification and contribution rights.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A copy of the Sales Agreement
is attached as Exhibit 1.1 hereto and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the material terms of the Sales
Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Snell &amp; Wilmer, L.L.P., Nevada
counsel to the Company, has issued a legal opinion relating to the Shares to be offered and sold under the Sales Agreement. A copy of
such legal opinion, including the consent included therein, is attached as Exhibit 5.1 hereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Current Report on Form 8-K
shall not constitute an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities
in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities law
of such state or jurisdiction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; color: white"><i></i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; color: white"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><i>(d) Exhibits </i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 95%; text-align: justify"><a href="e6735_ex1-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Sales Agreement, dated July 25, 2025, by and between Anavex Life Sciences Corp. and TD Securities (USA) LLC</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify"><a href="e6735_ex5-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Opinion by Snell &amp; Wilmer L.L.P.</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify"><a href="e6735_ex5-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Consent of Snell &amp; Wilmer L.L.P. (contained in Exhibit 5.1)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto
duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>ANAVEX LIFE SCIENCES CORP.</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 5%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By: </span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 45%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/ Christopher Missling</i></span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Name: Christopher Missling, Ph.D.<br/>
Title: Chief Executive Officer</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Date: July 25, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<TYPE>EX-1.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 1.1
<TEXT>
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<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>EXHIBIT 1.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: none">Anavex
Life Sciences Corp.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">COMMON STOCK<U><BR>
<BR>
SALES AGREEMENT<BR>
</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: none">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none">July
25, 2025</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">TD Securities (USA) LLC&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">1 Vanderbilt Avenue</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">New York, New York 10017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">Anavex Life Sciences Corp., a Nevada
corporation (the &ldquo;<B><U>Company</U></B>&rdquo;), confirms its agreement (this &ldquo;<B><U>Agreement</U></B>&rdquo;) with TD Securities
(USA) LLC (&ldquo;<B><U>TD Cowen</U></B>&rdquo;), as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Issuance
and Sale of Shares</U>. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through TD Cowen, acting as agent and/or principal, shares (the &ldquo;<B><U>Placement
Shares</U></B>&rdquo;) of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B><U>Common Stock</U></B>&rdquo;),
having an aggregate offering price of up to $150,000,000 (the &ldquo;<B><U>Maximum Amount</U></B>&rdquo;). Notwithstanding anything to
the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitation set forth in this <U>Section 1</U> on the
number of shares of Common Stock issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company, and TD Cowen shall
have no obligation in connection with such compliance. The issuance and sale of Common Stock through TD Cowen will be effected pursuant
to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the Company and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &ldquo;<B><U>Commission</U></B>&rdquo;), although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the
Registration Statement (as defined below) to issue the Common Stock. The Company acknowledges and agrees that sales of Common Stock under
this Agreement may be made through affiliates of TD Cowen, and that TD Cowen may otherwise fulfill its obligations pursuant to this Agreement
to or through an affiliated broker-dealer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">The Company has filed, in accordance
with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<B><U>Securities
Act</U></B>&rdquo;), with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-288661), including a base prospectus, relating
to certain securities, including the Common Stock, to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference
documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<B><U>Exchange Act</U></B>&rdquo;). The Company has prepared a prospectus
supplement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the &ldquo;<B><U>Prospectus Supplement</U></B>&rdquo;) to the base prospectus
included as part of such registration statement. The Company has furnished to TD Cowen, for use by TD Cowen, copies of the base prospectus
included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares. Except
where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, as amended when it became
effective, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained
in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to
be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B or 462(b) of the Securities Act, or any subsequent registration statement
on Form S-3 filed pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act by the Company with respect to the Placement Shares, is herein called
the &ldquo;<B><U>Registration Statement.</U></B>&rdquo; Any registration statement and amendments thereto filed pursuant to Rule 462(b)
of the Securities Act and relating to the offering covered by the Registration Statement is herein called a &ldquo;<B>Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement</B>&rdquo; and, after such filing, the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo; shall include any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.
The base prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented
by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company
with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, together with any &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo;
as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act (&ldquo;<B><U>Rule 433</U></B>&rdquo;), relating to the Placement Shares that (i) is consented
to by TD Cowen, hereinafter referred to as a &ldquo;<B><U>Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</U>,</B>&rdquo; (ii) is required to be filed
with the Commission by the Company or (iii) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i), in each case in the form filed or required
to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company&rsquo;s records pursuant to Rule
433(g), is herein called the &ldquo;<B><U>Prospectus</U></B>.&rdquo; Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any
reference herein to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission
deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include any copy filed with the Commission pursuant to the Electronic Data
Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System (&ldquo;<B><U>EDGAR</U></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Placements</U>.
Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell the Placement Shares hereunder (each, a &ldquo;<B><U>Placement</U></B>&rdquo;), it
will notify TD Cowen by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) (a &ldquo;<B><U>Placement Notice</U></B>&rdquo;)
containing the parameters in accordance with which it desires the Placement Shares to be sold, which shall at a minimum include the number
of Placement Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement
Shares that may be sold in any one Trading Day (as defined in <U>Section 3</U>) and any minimum price below which sales may not be made,
a form of which containing such minimum sales parameters necessary is attached hereto as <B><U>Schedule 1</U></B>. The Placement Notice
shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on <B><U>Schedule 2</U></B> (with a copy to each of the other individuals
from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from TD Cowen set forth on <B><U>Schedule
2</U></B>, as such <B><U>Schedule 2</U></B> may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice shall be effective upon receipt by
TD Cowen unless and until (i) in accordance with the notice requirements set forth in <U>Section 4</U>, TD Cowen declines in writing to
accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares have been sold,
(iii) in accordance with the notice requirements set forth in <U>Section 4</U>, the Company suspends, amends, supersedes, or terminates
the Placement Notice for any reason, in its sole discretion, (iv) the Company issues a subsequent Placement Notice with parameters superseding
those on the earlier dated Placement Notice, or (v) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of <U>Section 11</U>. The
amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to TD Cowen in connection with the sale of the Placement
Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in <B><U>Schedule 3</U>.</B> It is expressly acknowledged and agreed
that neither the Company nor TD Cowen will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and
until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to TD Cowen and TD Cowen does not decline (and the Company does not suspend or terminate)
such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of
a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Sale
of Placement Shares by TD Cowen.</U> Subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon the Company&rsquo;s delivery of a Placement
Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance
with the terms of this Agreement, TD Cowen, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts
consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the
Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&ldquo;<B><U>Nasdaq</U></B>&rdquo;) to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified, and otherwise in
accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. TD Cowen will provide written confirmation to the Company (including by email correspondence
to each of the individuals of the Company set forth on <B><U>Schedule 2</U></B>, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged
by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined
below) immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement
Shares sold on such day, the volume-weighted average price of the Placement Shares sold, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable
to the Company. In the event the Company engages TD Cowen for a sale of Placement Shares that would constitute a &ldquo;block&rdquo; within
the meaning of Rule 10b-18(a)(5) under the Exchange Act (a &ldquo;<B><U>Block Sale</U></B>&rdquo;), the Company will provide TD Cowen,
at TD Cowen&rsquo;s request and upon reasonable advance notice to the Company, on or prior to the Settlement Date (as defined below),
the opinions of counsel, accountant&rsquo;s letter and officers&rsquo; certificates set forth in <U>Section 8</U> hereof, each dated the
Settlement Date, and such other documents and information as TD Cowen shall reasonably request. TD Cowen may sell Placement Shares in
negotiated transactions, including block trades or Block Sales, or by any method permitted by law deemed to be an &ldquo;at the market
offering&rdquo; as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made through Nasdaq or on any other existing
trading market for the Common Stock, or by any other method permitted by law. TD Cowen shall not purchase Placement Shares for its own
account as principal unless expressly authorized to do so by the Company in a Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that
(i) there can be no assurance that TD Cowen will be successful in selling Placement Shares, and (ii) TD Cowen will incur no liability
or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by
TD Cowen to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such Placement Shares
as required under this <U>Section 3</U>. For the purposes hereof, &ldquo;<B><U>Trading Day</U></B>&rdquo; means any day on which the Company&rsquo;s
Common Stock is purchased and sold on the principal market on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">Notwithstanding any other provision
of this Agreement, the Company shall not offer, sell or deliver, or request the offer or sale, of any Placement Shares pursuant to this
Agreement and, by notice to TD Cowen given by telephone (confirmed promptly by email), shall cancel any instructions for the offer or
sale of any Placement Shares, and TD Cowen shall not be obligated to offer or sell any Placement Shares, (i) during any period in which
the Company is, or would reasonably be deemed to be, in possession of material non-public information, or (ii) at any time from and including
the date on which the Company shall issue a press release containing, or shall otherwise publicly announce, its earnings, revenues or
other results of operations (an &ldquo;<B><U>Earnings Announcement</U></B>&rdquo;) through and including the time that the Company files
a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or an Annual Report on Form 10-K that includes consolidated financial statements as of and for the same
period or periods, as the case may be, covered by such Earnings Announcement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Suspension
of Sales</U>. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company or TD Cowen may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the
other party set forth on <B><U>Schedule 2</U></B>, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals
to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or
email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on <B><U>Schedule 2</U></B>), suspend any sale of Placement
Shares; <I>provided, however</I>, that such suspension shall not affect or impair either party&rsquo;s obligations with respect to any
Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. While a suspension is in effect, any obligations under Sections 7(m),
7(n) and 7(o) with respect to delivery of certificates, opinions, negative assurance letters or comfort letters to TD Cowen shall be waived.
Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this <U>Section 4</U> shall be effective against the other unless it is made to one
of the individuals named on <B><U>Schedule 2</U></B> hereto, as such schedule may be amended from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
either TD Cowen or the Company has reason to believe that the exemptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the
Exchange Act are not satisfied with respect to the Common Stock, it shall promptly notify the other party, and TD Cowen may, at its sole
discretion, suspend sales of the Placement Shares under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Registration Statement was declared effective on July 23, 2025. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, during any period
in which the Registration Statement is no longer effective under the Securities Act, the Company shall promptly notify TD Cowen, the Company
shall not request the sale of any Placement Shares, and TD Cowen shall not be obligated to sell or offer to sell any Placement Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Settlement.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Settlement
of Placement Shares</U>. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will
occur on the first (1<SUP>st</SUP>) Trading Day following the date on which such sales are made (each, a &ldquo;<B><U>Settlement Date</U></B>&rdquo;
and the first such settlement date, the &ldquo;<B><U>First Delivery Date</U></B>&rdquo;). The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the
Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the &ldquo;<B><U>Net Proceeds</U></B>&rdquo;) will be equal
to the aggregate sales price received by TD Cowen at which such Placement Shares were sold, after deduction for (i)&nbsp;TD Cowen&rsquo;s
commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to <U>Section 2</U> hereof, (ii) any other amounts
due and payable by the Company to TD Cowen hereunder pursuant to <U>Section 7(g)</U> (Expenses) hereof, and (iii) any transaction fees
imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(b)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Delivery
of Placement Shares</U>. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer
the Placement Shares being sold by crediting TD Cowen&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s account (provided TD Cowen shall have given the
Company written notice of such designee prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal
at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be
freely tradeable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, TD Cowen will deliver the related
Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if
the Company,</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver duly authorized Placement Shares on a Settlement
Date through no fault of TD Cowen, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth
in <U>Section 9(a)</U> (Indemnification and Contribution) hereto, it will (i)&nbsp;hold TD Cowen harmless against any loss, claim, damage,
or expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default
by the Company and (ii) pay to TD Cowen (without duplication) any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise
have been entitled absent such default.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Representations
and Warranties of the Company</U>. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, TD Cowen that as of (i) the date of this Agreement,
(ii) each Time of Sale (as defined below), (iii) each Settlement Date, and (iv) each Bring-Down Date (as defined below) (each date included
in (i) through (iv), a &ldquo;<B><U>Representation Date</U></B>&rdquo;), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies a
different time: </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Compliance
with Registration Requirements</U>. The Registration Statement and any Rule&nbsp;462(b) Registration Statement have been declared effective
by the Commission under the Securities Act. The Company has complied to the Commission&rsquo;s satisfaction with all requests of the Commission
for additional or supplemental information. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any Rule&nbsp;462(b)
Registration Statement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the best knowledge
of the Company, contemplated or threatened by the Commission. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities
Act. The sale of the Placement Shares hereunder meets the requirements of General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(b) <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Misstatement or Omission</U>. The Prospectus when filed complied and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will comply in all
material respects with the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement, any Rule&nbsp;462(b) Registration Statement, the
Prospectus and any post-effective amendments or supplements thereto, at the time it became effective or its date, as applicable,
complied and as of each Representation Date, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and did not
and, as of each Representation Date, did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus, as amended
or supplemented, as of its date, did not and, as of each Representation Date, will not contain any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the two immediately preceding sentences do not
apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, any Rule&nbsp;462(b) Registration Statement, or any
post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in
conformity with information relating to Agent&rsquo;s Information (as defined below). There are no contracts or other documents
required to be described in the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been described or
filed as required. As used herein, &ldquo;<B><U>Time of Sale</U></B>&rdquo; means with respect to each offering of Placement Shares
pursuant to this Agreement, the time of TD Cowen&rsquo;s initial entry into contracts with purchasers for the sale of such Placement
Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(c)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Offering
Materials Furnished to TD Cowen</U>. The Company has delivered to TD Cowen one complete copy of the Registration Statement and a copy
of each consent and certificate of experts filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits)
and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as TD Cowen has reasonably requested. The Registration
Statement, the Prospectus and any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent any such Permitted Free Writing Prospectus was required
to be filed with the Commission) delivered to TD Cowen for use in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares contemplated
herein have been and will be identical to the versions of such documents transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to
the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(d)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Not
an Ineligible Issuer</U>. The Company currently is not an &ldquo;ineligible issuer,&rdquo; as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities
Act. The Company agrees to notify TD Cowen promptly upon the Company becoming an &ldquo;ineligible issuer.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(e)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Distribution
of Offering Material By the Company</U>. The Company has not distributed and will not distribute, prior to the completion of TD Cowen&rsquo;s
distribution of the Placement Shares, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares other than
the Prospectus or the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(f)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>The
Sales Agreement</U>. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid and binding agreement of, the
Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification hereunder may be limited by applicable law and
except as the enforcement hereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to
or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(g)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Authorization
of the Common Stock</U>. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered, will be duly authorized for issuance and sale pursuant to this
Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company against payment therefor pursuant to this Agreement, will be duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, and the
issuance and sale of the Placement Shares by the Company is not subject to preemptive or other similar rights arising by operation of
law, under the organizational documents of the Company or under any agreement to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or otherwise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(h)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights</U>. There are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity
or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except
for such rights as have been duly waived. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(i)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Material Adverse Change</U>. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information
is given in the Prospectus: (i)&nbsp;there has been no material adverse change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to
result in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, operations or prospects,
whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity
(any such material adverse change is called a &ldquo;<B><U>Material Adverse Change</U></B>&rdquo;); (ii)&nbsp;the Company and its subsidiaries,
considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, not in the ordinary
course of business nor entered into any material transaction or agreement not in the ordinary course of business: and (iii)&nbsp;there
has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company or, except for regular quarterly dividends publicly
announced by the Company or dividends paid to the Company or other subsidiaries, by any of its subsidiaries on any class of capital stock
or repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(j)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Independent
Accountants</U>. Grant Thornton LLP, who has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this
Agreement includes the related notes thereto) and supporting schedules filed with the Commission or incorporated by reference as a part
of the Registration Statement and included in the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities
Act and the Exchange Act. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(k)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Preparation
of the Financial Statements</U>. The financial statements filed with the Commission as a part of or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement and included in the Prospectus present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of
and at the dates indicated and the results of their operations and cash flows for the periods specified. The supporting schedules included
in or incorporated in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein. Such financial statements
and supporting schedules have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States
applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. No other
financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in or incorporated in the Registration Statement. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(l)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>XBRL</U>.
The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in each Registration Statement fairly
presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission&rsquo;s rules and
guidelines applicable thereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(m)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Incorporation
and Good Standing of the Company and its Subsidiaries</U>. The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation
in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate
its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement
and to consummate the transactions contemplated herein and therein. Each subsidiary of the Company (each a &ldquo;<B><U>Subsidiary</U></B>&rdquo;)
has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation or limited liability company in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction
of its organization and has the requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as
described in the Prospectus. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or foreign partnership
to transact business and is in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation and each other jurisdiction
in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except
for such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in
a Material Adverse Change. Except as described in the Prospectus, all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of the Subsidiaries
have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned by the Company free and clear of any security
interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or claim. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation,
association or other entity other than the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit&nbsp;21.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K
for the most recently ended fiscal year and other than (i)&nbsp;those subsidiaries not required to be listed on Exhibit&nbsp;21.1 by Item&nbsp;601
of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act and (ii)&nbsp;those subsidiaries formed since the last day of the most recently ended fiscal
year.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(n)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Capital
Stock Matters</U>. The Common Stock conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus. All of the
issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have
been issued in compliance with federal and state securities laws. None of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were issued in violation
of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. There
are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity
or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other
than those accurately described in all material respects in the Prospectus. The description of the Company&rsquo;s stock option, stock
bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the Prospectus accurately
and fairly presents in all material respects the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and
rights. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(o)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Non-Contravention
of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation
of its charter or by-laws or is in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) (&ldquo;<B><U>Default</U></B>&rdquo;)
under any indenture, mortgage, loan or credit agreement, note, contract, franchise, lease or other instrument to which the Company or
any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company
or any of its subsidiaries is subject (each, an &ldquo;<B><U>Existing Instrument</U></B>&rdquo;), except for such Defaults as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company&rsquo;s execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Prospectus (i)&nbsp;have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate action and will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws of the Company or any Subsidiary, (ii)&nbsp;will
not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance
upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to,</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">or require the consent of any other party to, any Existing
Instrument, except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults, liens, charges or encumbrances as would not, individually or in the aggregate,
result in a Material Adverse Change and (iii)&nbsp;will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative
or court decree applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary. No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or
filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, is required for the Company&rsquo;s execution, delivery
and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Prospectus, except such as have
been obtained or made by the Company and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act, applicable state securities or blue sky
laws and from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (&ldquo;<B><U>FINRA</U></B>&rdquo;). </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(p)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Material Actions or Proceedings</U>. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there are no legal or governmental actions, suits or proceedings
pending or, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened (i)&nbsp;against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries,
(ii)&nbsp;which has as the subject thereof any officer or director of, or property owned or leased by, the Company or any of its subsidiaries
or (iii)&nbsp;relating to environmental or discrimination matters, where in any such case (A)&nbsp;there is a reasonable possibility that
such action, suit or proceeding might be determined adversely to the Company or such Subsidiary and (B)&nbsp;any such action, suit or
proceeding, if so determined adversely, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change or adversely affect the consummation
of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries
exists or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, is threatened or imminent. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(q)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>All
Necessary Permits, etc</U>. The Company and each Subsidiary possess such valid and current certificates, authorizations or permits issued
by the appropriate state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct their respective businesses, other than
those the failure to possess or own would not result in a Material Adverse Change, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received
any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such certificate, authorization or
permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, could result in a Material Adverse
Change. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(r)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Tax
Law Compliance</U>. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries have filed all required federal, state and foreign income, property
and franchise tax returns and have paid all taxes required to be paid by any of them and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment,
fine or penalty levied against any of them except as may be being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings, except where
the failure to so file or pay would not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in
the applicable financial statements referred to in <U>Section&nbsp;1(l)</U> above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income,
property and franchise taxes for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries has
not been finally determined. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(s)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Company
Not an &ldquo;Investment Company</U>&rdquo;. The Company has been advised of the rules and requirements under the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><U>Investment Company Act</U></B>&rdquo;). The Company is not, and after receipt of payment for the
Common Stock will not be, an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; within the meaning of Investment Company Act. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(t)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Insurance</U>.
Except as otherwise described in the Prospectus, each of the Company and its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial
responsibility with policies in such amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as the Company and its subsidiaries reasonably
believe are prudent and customary for the business for which it is engaged including, but not limited to, policies covering real and personal
property owned or leased by the Company and its subsidiaries against theft, damage, destruction, acts of vandalism and earthquakes. The
Company has no reason to believe that it or any Subsidiary will not be able (i)&nbsp;to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when
such policies expire or (ii)&nbsp;to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct
its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Change. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(u)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Price Stabilization or Manipulation</U>. The Company has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or
that might be reasonably expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of the Placement Shares. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(v)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Related
Party Transactions</U>. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any Subsidiary or any
other person required to be described in the Prospectus which have not been described as required.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(w)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Exchange
Act Compliance</U>. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, at the time they were or hereafter
are filed with the Commission, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and, when
read together with the other information in the Prospectus, at the Settlement Dates, will not contain an untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the fact required to be stated therein or necessary
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(x)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any
director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary has (i) used any corporate
funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct
or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government officials or employees, political parties or campaigns, political party
officials, or candidates for political office from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign
Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable anti-corruption laws, rules, or regulations of any other jurisdiction in
which the Company or any Subsidiary conducts business; or (iv) made any other unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback
or other unlawful payment to any person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(y)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Compliance
with Money Laundering Laws</U>. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance
with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title
III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA
PATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and its subsidiaries conduct business,
the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by
any governmental agency (collectively, the &ldquo;<B><U>Anti-Money Laundering Laws</U></B>&rdquo;), and no action, suit or proceeding
by or before any court or governmental agency, authority, body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with
respect to Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(z)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Compliance
with OFAC</U>. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt">(A)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director, officer or employee thereof, nor to
the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any agent, affiliate, representative, or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries,
is an individual or entity (&ldquo;<B><U>Person</U></B>&rdquo;) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is: (i) the subject
of any economic, financial or trade sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury&rsquo;s Office of Foreign Assets
Control (&ldquo;<B><U>OFAC</U></B>&rdquo;), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union (&ldquo;<B><U>EU</U></B>&rdquo;),
His Majesty&rsquo;s Treasury, the Swiss Secretariat of Economic Affairs, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Sanctions</U></B>&rdquo;),
nor (ii) located, organized, or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of a U.S. government embargo (including, without
limitation, the so-called Donetsk People&rsquo;s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People&rsquo;s Republic, the Crimea Region of Ukraine,
the non-government controlled areas of the Zaporizhzhia and Kherson Regions, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria).</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt">(B)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the Net Proceeds, or lend, contribute or otherwise make
available such Net Proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business
of or with any Person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions, or in any country or territory that,
at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of a U.S. government embargo; or (ii) in any other manner that will result
in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including TD Cowen)</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 72pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt">(C)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">For the past ten (10) years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now
knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any direct or indirect dealings or transactions with any Person that at the time of the
dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions or any country or territory that, at the time of the dealing or transaction
is or was the subject of a U.S. government embargo.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(aa)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Company&rsquo;s
Accounting System</U>. The Company maintains a system of &ldquo;internal control over financial reporting&rdquo; (as such term is defined
in Rule 13a-15(f) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act (the &ldquo;<B><U>Exchange Act Rules</U></B>&rdquo;)) that
complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and has been designed by their respective principal executive and principal financial
officers, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s
general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity
with U.S. GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s
general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals
and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting is effective
at a reasonable level of assurance. Except as described in the Prospectus, since the end of the Company&rsquo;s most recent audited fiscal
year, there has been (A) no material weakness in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated)
and (B) no change in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely
to materially affect, the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(bb)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Disclosure
Controls</U>. The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act Rules)
that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized
and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to
ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company&rsquo;s management to allow timely decisions regarding disclosures.
The Company has conducted evaluations of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act.
</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(cc)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Compliance
with Environmental Laws</U>. Except as otherwise described in the Prospectus, and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate,
result in a Material Adverse Change (i)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local
or foreign law or regulation relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient
air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including without limitation, laws and regulations relating
to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous
substances, petroleum and petroleum products (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Materials of Environmental Concern</U></B>&rdquo;), or otherwise
relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Materials of Environmental
Concern (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Environmental Laws</U></B>&rdquo;), which violation includes, but is not limited to, noncompliance
with any permits or other governmental authorizations required for the operation of the business of the Company or its subsidiaries under
applicable Environmental Laws, or noncompliance with the terms and conditions thereof, nor has the Company or any of its subsidiaries
received any written communication, whether from a governmental authority, citizens group, employee or otherwise,</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">that alleges that the
Company or any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any Environmental Law; (ii)&nbsp;there is no claim, action or cause of action filed
with a court or governmental authority, no investigation with respect to which the Company has received written notice, and no written
notice by any person or entity alleging potential liability for investigatory costs, cleanup costs, governmental responses costs, natural
resources damages, property damages, personal injuries, attorneys&rsquo; fees or penalties arising out of, based on or resulting from
the presence, or release into the environment, of any Materials of Environmental Concern at any location owned, leased or operated by
the Company or any of its subsidiaries, now or in the past (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Environmental Claims</U></B>&rdquo;), pending or,
to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any person or entity whose liability for
any Environmental Claim the Company or any of its subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law; and
(iii)&nbsp;to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, there are no past or present actions, activities, circumstances, conditions,
events or incidents, including, without limitation, the release, emission, discharge, presence or disposal of any Materials of Environmental
Concern, that reasonably could result in a violation of any Environmental Law or form the basis of a potential Environmental Claim against
the Company or any of its subsidiaries or against any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company or any
of its subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(dd)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Intellectual
Property. </U>The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess the valid right to use all (i) patents, patent applications, trademarks,
trademark registrations, service marks, service mark registrations, Internet domain name registrations, copyrights, copyright registrations,
licenses, trade secret rights (&ldquo;<B><U>Intellectual Property Rights</U></B>&rdquo;) and (ii) inventions, software, works of authorships,
trademarks, service marks, trade names, databases, formulae, know how, Internet domain names and other intellectual property (including
trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary confidential information, systems, or procedures) (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Intellectual
Property Assets</U></B>&rdquo;) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted, and as proposed to be conducted
and described in the Prospectus. The Company and its subsidiaries have not received any opinion from their legal counsel concluding that
any activities of their respective businesses infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate, valid and enforceable Intellectual Property
Rights of any other person, and have not received written notice of any challenge, which is to their knowledge still pending, by any other
person to the rights of the Company and its subsidiaries with respect to any Intellectual Property Rights or Intellectual Property Assets
owned or used by the Company or its subsidiaries. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company and its subsidiaries&rsquo; respective
businesses as now conducted do not give rise to any infringement of, any misappropriation of, or other violation of, any valid and enforceable
Intellectual Property Rights of any other person. All licenses for the use of the Intellectual Property Rights described in the Prospectus
are valid, binding upon, and enforceable by or against the parties thereto in accordance to its terms. The Company has complied in all
material respects with, and is not in breach nor has received any asserted or threatened claim of breach of any Intellectual Property
license, and the Company has no knowledge of any breach or anticipated breach by any other person to any Intellectual Property license.
Except as described in the Prospectus, no claim has been made against the Company alleging the infringement by the Company of any patent,
trademark, service mark, trade name, copyright, trade secret, license in or other intellectual property right or franchise right of any
person. The Company has taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard its Intellectual Property Rights, including the
execution of appropriate nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
will not result in the loss or impairment of or payment of any additional amounts with respect to, nor require the consent of any other
person in respect of, the Company&rsquo;s right to own, use, or hold for use any of the Intellectual Property Rights as owned, used or
held for use in the conduct of the business as currently conducted. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(ee)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Listing</U>.
The Company is subject to and in compliance in all material respects with the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of
the Exchange Act. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and is listed on the Nasdaq,
and the Company has taken no action designed to, or reasonably likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common
Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from Nasdaq, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission
or Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. All of the Placement Shares that have been or may be sold under this
Agreement have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq, subject to official notice of issuance; the Company has taken all necessary actions
to ensure that, upon and at all times after the Nasdaq shall have been notified of the proposed issuance of the Placement Shares, it will
be in compliance with all applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in the Nasdaq&rsquo;s listing rules that are then in
effect.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(ff)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Brokers</U>.
Except for TD Cowen, there is no broker, finder or other party that is entitled to receive from the Company any brokerage or finder&rsquo;s
fee or other fee or commission as a result of any transactions contemplated by this Agreement. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(gg)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Outstanding Loans or Other Indebtedness</U>. Except as described in the Prospectus, there are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal
advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees or indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit
of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of the members of any of them.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(hh)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Reliance</U>. The Company has not relied upon TD Cowen or legal counsel for TD Cowen for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection
with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(ii)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Lending
Relationship</U>. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company does not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Placement
Shares to repay any outstanding debt owed to TD Cowen or any affiliate of TD Cowen.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(jj)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>FINRA
Exemption</U>. The Company qualifies as an &ldquo;experienced issuer&rdquo; (within the meaning of FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(j)(6)) for
purposes of the exemption from filing under FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(h)(1)(C).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(kk)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compliance
with Laws</U>. The Company has not been advised, and has no reason to believe, that it and each of its subsidiaries are not conducting
business in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which it is conducting business, except
where failure to be so in compliance would not result in a Material Adverse Change.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(ll)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Privacy
Laws</U>. The Company and each of its subsidiaries are, and at all prior times were, in material compliance with all applicable data privacy
and security laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (&ldquo;<B><U>HIPAA</U></B>&rdquo;),
as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the &ldquo;<B><U>HITECH Act</U></B>&rdquo;) (42
U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.); and the Company and each its subsidiaries have taken all necessary actions to comply with the European
Union General Data Protection Regulation (&ldquo;<B><U>GDPR</U></B>&rdquo;) (EU 2016/679) (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Privacy Laws</U></B>&rdquo;).
To ensure compliance with the Privacy Laws, the Company and each of its subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate
steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and
security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling and analysis of Personal Data (the &ldquo;<B><U>Policies</U></B>&rdquo;).
The Company provides accurate notice of its Policies to its customers, employees, third party vendors and representatives. The Policies
provide accurate and sufficient notice of the Company&rsquo;s then-current privacy practices relating to its subject matter and such Policies
do not contain any material omissions of the Company&rsquo;s then-current privacy practices. &ldquo;<B><U>Personal Data</U></B>&rdquo;
means (i) a natural persons&rsquo; name, street address, telephone number, email address, photograph, social security number, bank information,
or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as &ldquo;personally identifying information&rdquo; under the
Federal Trade Commission Act,</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">as amended; (iii) Protected Health Information as defined by HIPAA; (iv) &ldquo;personal data&rdquo; as
defined by GDPR; and (v) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or
permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person&rsquo;s health or sexual orientation. None of such disclosures
made or contained in any of the Policies have been inaccurate, misleading, deceptive or in violation of any Privacy Laws or Policies in
any material respect. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or any other agreement referred to in this Agreement will
not result in a breach of any Privacy Laws or Policies. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, (i) has received notice of any
actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no knowledge
of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for,
in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any
order, decree, or agreement that imposed any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(mm)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compliance
with Certain Regulatory Matters</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company: (i) has operated
and currently operates its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Health Care Laws (as defined below) and
any other applicable requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (&ldquo;<B><U>FDA</U></B>&rdquo;), the Department of Health and
Human Services (&ldquo;<B><U>HHS</U></B>&rdquo;) and any comparable foreign or other regulatory authority to which they are subject (collectively,
the &ldquo;<B><U>Applicable Regulatory Authorities</U></B>&rdquo;) applicable to the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging,
processing, use, distribution, storage, import, export or disposal of any of the Company&rsquo;s product candidates; (ii) has not received
any FDA Form 483, written notice of adverse finding, warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or written notice from any
court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority alleging or asserting material non-compliance with (A) any Health Care Laws
or (B) or any licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, exemptions, registrations, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments
thereto required by any such Health Care Laws (&ldquo;<B><U>Regulatory Authorizations</U></B>&rdquo;); (iii) possesses all Regulatory
Authorizations required to conduct its business as currently conducted and such Regulatory Authorizations are valid and in full force
and effect and the Company is not in violation, in any material respect, of any term of any such Regulatory Authorizations; (iv) has not
received notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from the Applicable
Regulatory Authorities or any other third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in material violation of any Health
Care Laws or Regulatory Authorizations and has no knowledge that the Applicable Regulatory Authorities or any other third party is considering
any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding; (v) has not received notice that any of the Applicable
Regulatory Authorities has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any material Regulatory Authorizations
and has no knowledge that any of the Applicable Regulatory Authorities is considering such action; (vi) has filed, obtained, maintained
or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments
as required by any Health Care Laws or Regulatory Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records,
claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were materially complete and correct on the date filed (or were materially corrected
or supplemented by a subsequent submission); (vii) is not a party to nor has any ongoing reporting obligations pursuant to any corporate
integrity agreements, deferred or non-prosecution agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, plans of correction
or similar agreements with or imposed by any Applicable Regulatory Authority; and (viii) along with its employees, officers and directors,
and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, agents, has not been excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any government health
care program or human clinical research or, to the knowledge of the Company, is subject to a governmental inquiry, investigation, proceeding,
or other similar action that could reasonably be expected to result in debarment, suspension, or exclusion. The term &ldquo;<B><U>Health
Care Laws</U></B>&rdquo; means Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 1395-1395hhh (the Medicare statute); Title
XIX of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 1396-1396v (the Medicaid statute); the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, 42 U.S.C.
&sect; 1320a-7b(b); the civil False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 3729 et seq.; the criminal False Claims Act 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7b(a);
any criminal laws relating to health care fraud and abuse, including but not limited to 18 U.S.C. Sections 286, 287 and 1349 and the health
care fraud criminal provisions under HIPAA; the Civil Monetary Penalties Law, 42 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 1320a-7a and 1320a-7b; the Physician
Payments Sunshine Act, 42 U.S.C. &sect; 1320a-7h; the Exclusion Laws, 42 U.S.C. &sect; 1320a-7;&nbsp;<U>HITECH Act;</U>&nbsp;the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 301 et seq.; the regulations promulgated pursuant to such laws; and any similar federal,
state and local laws and regulations.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(nn)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Manufacturing
Compliance</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the manufacturing facilities and operations of its suppliers are operated in compliance
in all material respects with all applicable statutes, rules, regulations and policies of the Applicable Regulatory Authorities, including,
to the extent applicable and without limitation, the FDA&rsquo;s current good manufacturing practice regulations codified at 21 C.F.R.
Parts 210 and 211. None of the contractors involved in producing the Company&rsquo;s products have received any notice of adverse finding,
warning letter, or other written correspondence or notice from the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (the&nbsp;&rdquo;<B><U>EMA</U></B>&rdquo;),
the U.K. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (the &ldquo;<B><U>MHRA</U></B>&rdquo;), the German Federal Institute for
Drugs and Medical Devices (the &ldquo;<B><U>BfArM</U></B>&rdquo;), or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory
authority alleging or asserting material noncompliance with any Applicable Laws, nor is any such contractor subject to or threatened with
any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other material action from any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority or any nongovernmental third party alleging that its operations or activities are in violation
of any Applicable Laws.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(oo)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Company
Trials</U>. None of the Company&rsquo;s product candidates have received marketing approval from any Applicable Regulatory Authority.
All clinical and pre-clinical studies and trials conducted by or on behalf of or sponsored by the Company, or in which the Company has
participated with respect to the Company&rsquo;s product candidates, including without limitation any such studies and trials that are
described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus, as applicable (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Company Trials</U></B>&rdquo;), were, and if still pending are, being conducted
in all material respects in accordance with all applicable Health Care Laws, standard medical and scientific research procedures and any
applicable rules, regulations and policies of the jurisdiction in which such trials and studies are being conducted; the descriptions
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus of the results of any Company Trials are accurate and complete descriptions in all material
respects and fairly present the data derived therefrom; the Company has no knowledge of any other studies or trials not described in the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the results of which are inconsistent with or call into question the results described or referred
to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; the Company has not received, and the Company has no knowledge after due inquiry
that any of its collaboration partners have received, any written notices, correspondence or other communications from the Applicable
Regulatory Authorities or any other governmental entity requiring or threatening the termination, material modification or suspension
of Company Trials, other than ordinary course communications with respect to modifications in connection with the design and implementation
of such studies or trials, and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, there are no reasonable grounds for the same. No investigational new
drug application or comparable submission filed by or on behalf of the Company with the FDA has been terminated or suspended by the FDA
or any other Applicable Regulatory Authority. The Company has obtained (or caused to be obtained) informed consent by or on behalf of
each human subject who participated in a Company Trial. In using or disclosing patient information received by the Company in connection
with a Company Trial, the Company has complied in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements,
including, without limitation, HIPAA and the rules and regulations thereunder. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, none of the Company Trials
involved any investigator who has been disqualified as a clinical investigator by FDA or has been found by the FDA to have engaged in
scientific misconduct.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(pp)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Internal
Compliance Program</U>. The Company has established and administers an internal compliance program to assist the Company and the directors,
officers and employees of the Company in complying with all applicable Health Care Laws and applicable regulatory guidelines (including,
without limitation, those administered by the FDA, the <U>EMA</U>, the MHRA, the BfArM, and any other foreign, federal, state or local
governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA or EMA), except where such noncompliance
would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change, and such compliance program has been designed and implemented in a
manner consistent with biopharmaceutical industry standards and best practices, including but not limited to the program elements set
forth in the Compliance Program Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers issued by the Office of Inspector General on May 5, 2003 (68
Fed. Reg. 23,731).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(qq)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Safety
Notices</U>. (i) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there have been no recalls, field notifications,
field corrections, market withdrawals or replacements, warnings, &ldquo;dear doctor&rdquo; letters, investigator notices, safety alerts
or other notice or action relating to an alleged lack of safety, efficacy, or regulatory compliance of the Company&rsquo;s products (&ldquo;<B><U>Safety
Notices</U></B>&rdquo;) and (ii)&nbsp;to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, there are no facts that would be reasonably likely to result in
(x)&nbsp;a Safety Notice with respect to the Company&rsquo;s products or services, (y)&nbsp;a change in labeling or packaging of any the
Company&rsquo;s respective products or services, or (z)&nbsp;a termination or suspension of manufacturing, marketing or distribution of
any the Company&rsquo;s products or services.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(rr)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>IT
Systems</U>. (i)(x)There has been no security breach or attack or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&rsquo;s and its
subsidiaries&rsquo; information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of their respective
customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology (&ldquo;<B><U>IT
Systems and Data</U></B>&rdquo;), and (y) the Company and its subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event
or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any security breach, attack or compromise to their IT Systems and Data, (ii)
the Company and each of its subsidiaries have complied, and are presently in compliance with, all applicable laws, statutes or any judgment,
order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority and all industry guidelines, standards, internal
policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems
and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification and (iii) the Company and each of its subsidiaries have implemented
backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(ss)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Export
and Import Laws</U>. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries, and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, each of their affiliates and any
director, officer, agent or employee of, or other person associated with or acting on behalf of, the Company has acted at all times in
compliance with applicable Export and Import Laws (as defined below) and there are no claims, complaints, charges, investigations or proceedings
pending or expected or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened between the Company or any of the Subsidiaries and any Governmental
Authority under any Export or Import Laws. The term &ldquo;<B><U>Export and Import Laws</U></B>&rdquo; means the Arms Export Control Act,
the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, the Export Administration Regulations,
and all other laws and regulations of the United States government regulating the provision of services to non-U.S. parties or the export
and import of articles or information from and to the United States of America, and all similar laws and regulations of any foreign government
regulating the provision of services to parties not of the foreign country or the export and import of articles and information from and
to the foreign country to parties not of the foreign country.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(tt)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Other
At The Market Sales Agreements</U>. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other &ldquo;at the
market offering.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(uu)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Actively-Traded
Security</U>. The Common Stock is an &ldquo;actively-traded security&rdquo; exempted from the requirements of Rule 101 of Regulation M
under the Exchange Act by subsection (c)(1) of such rule.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(vv)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Outbound
Investment Security Program</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a &ldquo;covered foreign person&rdquo;, as that term
is defined in 31 C.F.R. &sect; 850.209. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries currently engages, or has plans to engage, directly
or indirectly, in a &ldquo;covered activity&rdquo;, as that term is defined in 31 C.F.R. &sect; 850.208 (&ldquo;<B><U>Covered Activity</U></B>&rdquo;).
The Company does not have any joint ventures that engages in or plans to engage in any Covered Activity. The Company also does not, directly
or indirectly, hold a board seat on, have a voting or equity interest in, or have any contractual power to direct or cause the direction
of the management or policies of any person or persons that engages or plans to engage in any Covered Activity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company
and delivered to TD Cowen or to counsel for TD Cowen pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation
and warranty by the Company to TD Cowen as to the matters set forth therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The Company acknowledges that TD Cowen and, for purposes
of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to <U>Section 7</U> hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to TD Cowen, will rely upon the
accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Covenants
of the Company</U>. The Company covenants and agrees with TD Cowen that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Registration
Statement Amendments</U>. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares
is required to be delivered by TD Cowen under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;172 under the Securities Act), (i)&nbsp;the Company will notify TD Cowen promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment
to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective
or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to
the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information, (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly
upon TD Cowen&rsquo;s reasonable request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in TD Cowen&rsquo;s
reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Shares by TD Cowen (<I>provided,
however</I>, that (x) the failure of TD Cowen to make such request shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder,
or affect TD Cowen&rsquo;s right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and (y) the only
remedy that TD Cowen shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to make such filing (other than TD Cowen&rsquo;s rights under
Section 9 hereof, shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed); (iii) the Company
will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference,
relating to the Placement Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to TD Cowen
within a reasonable period of time before the filing and TD Cowen has not reasonably objected thereto (<I>provided, however</I>, that
the failure of TD Cowen to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect TD Cowen&rsquo;s
right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to TD Cowen at
the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement
or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; (iv) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus,
other than documents incorporated by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule
424(b) of the Securities Act, and (v) prior to the termination of this Agreement, the Company will notify TD Cowen if at any time the
Registration Statement shall no longer be effective as a result of the passage of time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or
otherwise. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(b)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Notice
of Commission Stop Orders</U>. The Company will advise TD Cowen, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the
issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the
suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening
of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop
order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(c)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Delivery
of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes</U>. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered
by TD Cowen under the Securities Act with respect to a pending sale of the Placement Shares, (including in circumstances where such requirement
may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the
Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy
or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any
other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If during such period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended
or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary to amend or supplement
the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify TD Cowen to suspend the offering
of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at
the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; <I>provided however</I>, that the Company
may delay any such amendment or supplement if, in the reasonable judgment of the Company, it is in the interests of the Company to do
so. Until such time as the Company shall have corrected such misstatement or omission or effected such compliance, the Company shall not
notify TD Cowen to resume the offering of Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(d)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Listing
of Placement Shares</U>. During any period in which the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by TD
Cowen under the Securities Act with respect to a pending sale of the Placement Shares (including in circumstances where such requirement
may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the
Placement Shares to be listed on Nasdaq and to qualify the Placement Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as
TD Cowen reasonably designates and to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Placement
Shares; <I>provided, however,</I> that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or
dealer in securities or file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(e)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Delivery
of Registration Statement and Prospectus</U>. The Company will furnish to TD Cowen and its counsel (at the expense of the Company) copies
of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements
to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during any period in which a Prospectus relating to the
Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period
that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as TD
Cowen may from time to time reasonably request and, at TD Cowen&rsquo;s request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange
or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; <I>provided, however,</I> that the Company shall not be required to furnish
any document (other than the Prospectus) to TD Cowen to the extent such document is available on EDGAR. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(f)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Earnings
Statement</U>. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than
15 months after the end of the Company&rsquo;s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies
the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act, provided that the Company will be deemed to have furnished such statement
to its security holders to the extent it is available on EDGAR.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(g)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Expenses</U>.
The Company, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, in accordance with
the provisions of <U>Section 11</U> hereunder, will pay the following expenses all incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder,
including, but not limited to, expenses relating to (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement and each amendment
and supplement thereto, of each Prospectus and of each amendment and supplement thereto, (ii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of
the Placement Shares, (iii) the qualification of the Placement Shares under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of <U>Section
7(d)</U> of this Agreement, including filing fees (provided, however,</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">that any fees or disbursements of counsel for TD Cowen in connection
therewith shall be paid by TD Cowen except as set forth in (vii) below), (iv) the printing and delivery to TD Cowen of copies of the Prospectus
and any amendments or supplements thereto, and of this Agreement, (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing or
qualification of the Placement Shares for trading on Nasdaq, (vi) the filing fees and expenses, if any, of the Commission, (vii) the filing
fees and associated legal expenses of TD Cowen&rsquo;s outside counsel for filings with the FINRA Corporate Financing Department, such
legal expense reimbursement not to exceed $10,000 and, (viii) the reasonable fees and disbursements of TD Cowen&rsquo;s counsel in amounts
not to exceed $75,000 in connection with execution of this Agreement and (B) $25,000 in connection with each Bring-Down Date with respect
to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to <U>Section 7(m)</U>, for which no waiver is applicable. </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(h)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Use
of Proceeds</U>. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled &ldquo;Use of Proceeds.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(i)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
of Other Sales</U>. During the pendency of any Placement Notice given hereunder, and for 5 trading days following the termination of any
Placement Notice given hereunder, the Company shall provide TD Cowen notice as promptly as reasonably possible before it offers to sell,
contracts to sell, sells, grants any option to sell or otherwise disposes of any shares of Common Stock (other than Placement Shares offered
pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights
to purchase or acquire Common Stock; <I>provided</I>, that such notice shall not be required in connection with the (i) issuance, grant
or sale of Common Stock, options to purchase shares of Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options or other equity
awards pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement described in the Prospectus, as such may be amended,
or a similar plan adopted and approved by stockholders of the Company in the future, (ii) the issuance of securities in connection with
an acquisition, merger or sale or purchase of assets, (iii) the issuance or sale of Common Stock pursuant to any dividend reinvestment
plan that the Company may adopt from time to time provided the implementation of such is disclosed to TD Cowen in advance or (iv) any
shares of common stock issuable upon the exchange, conversion or redemption of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other
rights in effect or outstanding.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(j)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Change
of Circumstances</U>. The Company will, at any time during a fiscal quarter in which the Company intends to tender a Placement Notice
or sell Placement Shares, advise TD Cowen promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information
or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document provided to TD Cowen pursuant
to this Agreement.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(k)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Due
Diligence Cooperation</U>. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by TD Cowen or its agents in
connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents
and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company&rsquo;s principal offices, as TD Cowen may reasonably
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(l)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Required
Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares</U>. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the
Company will (i)&nbsp;file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities
Act (each and every filing under Rule 424(b), a &ldquo;<B><U>Filing Date</U></B>&rdquo;), and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each
such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations
of such exchange or market. The Company shall disclose in its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and in its annual report on Form 10-K, the
number of the Placement Shares sold through TD Cowen under this Agreement and the net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Placement
Shares pursuant to this Agreement during the relevant quarter or, in the case of an Annual Report on Form 10-K, during the fiscal year
covered by such Annual Report and the fourth quarter of such fiscal year.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(m)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Bring-Down
Dates; Certificate</U>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and each time (i) the Company files the Prospectus relating to the Placement
Shares or amends or supplements the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares (other than a prospectus
supplement filed in accordance with <U>Section 7(l)</U> of this Agreement) by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement
but not by means of incorporation of document(s) by reference to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement
Shares; (ii) the Company files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act; (iii) the Company files its quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or (iv) the Company files a report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than
an earnings release) under the Exchange Act (each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv)
shall be a <B>&ldquo;<U>Bring-Down Date</U>&rdquo;</B>); the Company shall furnish TD Cowen with a certificate, in the form attached hereto
as <U>Exhibit 7(m)</U> within one (1) Trading Day of any Bring-Down Date if requested by TD Cowen. The requirement to provide a certificate
under this <U>Section 7(m)</U> shall be waived for any Bring-Down Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which
waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar
quarter shall be considered a Bring-Down Date) and the next occurring Bring-Down Date; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that such waiver
shall not apply for any Bring-Down Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the
Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Bring-Down Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide
TD Cowen with a certificate under this <U>Section 7(m)</U>, then before the Company delivers the Placement Notice or TD Cowen sells any
Placement Shares, the Company shall provide TD Cowen with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit 7(m)</U>, dated the
date of the Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(n)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Legal
Opinions and Negative Assurance Letter</U>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and within one (1) Trading Day of each Bring-Down Date
with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit 7(m)</U> for which no
waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause to be furnished to TD Cowen a written opinion of Snell &amp; Wilmer, L.L.P. and a written
opinion and negative assurance letter of K&amp;L Gates LLP (together, &ldquo;<U>Company Counsels</U>&rdquo;) and a written opinion of
Polsinelli PC, intellectual property counsel to the Company (&ldquo;<U>Company IP Counsel</U>&rdquo;), or other counsel satisfactory to
TD Cowen, each in form and substance satisfactory to TD Cowen and its counsel, dated the date that the opinion and/or negative assurance
letter is required to be delivered; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that in lieu of such opinions for subsequent Bring-Down Dates, Company
Counsels and Company IP Counsel, as applicable, may furnish TD Cowen with a letter (a &ldquo;<B><U>Reliance Letter</U></B>&rdquo;) to
the effect that TD Cowen may rely on a prior opinion delivered under this <U>Section 7(n)</U> to the same extent as if it were dated the
date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
as amended or supplemented at such Bring-Down Date). </FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(o)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Comfort
Letter</U>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and within one (1) Trading Day of each Bring-Down Date with respect to which the Company
is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit 7(m)</U> for which no waiver is applicable, the Company
shall cause its independent accountants to furnish TD Cowen letters (the <B>&ldquo;<U>Comfort Letters</U>&rdquo;</B>), dated the date
the Comfort Letter is delivered, in form and substance satisfactory to TD Cowen, (i) confirming that they are an independent registered
public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings
of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants&rsquo; &ldquo;comfort letters&rdquo;
to TD Cowen in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the <B>&ldquo;<U>Initial Comfort Letter</U>&rdquo;</B>)
and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it
been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented
to the date of such letter.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(p)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Market
Activities</U>. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes
or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of the Placement Shares or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase the Placement Shares to be issued and sold pursuant to this
Agreement, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than TD Cowen; provided, however, that
the Company may bid for and purchase shares of its common stock in accordance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(q)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Insurance</U>.
The Company and its subsidiaries shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as is reasonable
and customary for the business for which it is engaged.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(r)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Compliance
with Laws</U>. The Company and each of its subsidiaries shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain, or cause to be maintained,
all material environmental permits, licenses and other authorizations required by federal, state and local law in order to conduct their
businesses as described in the Prospectus, and the Company and each of its subsidiaries shall conduct their businesses, or cause their
businesses to be conducted, in substantial compliance with such permits, licenses and authorizations and with applicable environmental
laws, except where the failure to maintain or be in compliance with such permits, licenses and authorizations could not reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(s)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Investment
Company Act</U>. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor its subsidiaries
will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as such term is defined
in the Investment Company Act, assuming no change in the Commission&rsquo;s current interpretation as to entities that are not considered
an investment company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(t)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Securities
Act and Exchange Act</U>. The Company will use its best efforts to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act
and the Exchange Act as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of, or dealings in, the Placement
Shares as contemplated by the provisions hereof and the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(u)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Offer to Sell</U>. Other than a Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, neither TD Cowen nor the Company (including its agents and representatives,
other than TD Cowen in its capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined
in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of
an offer to buy Placement Shares hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(v)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley
Act</U>. The Company and its subsidiaries will use their best efforts to comply with all effective applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(w)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Affirmation</U>.
Each Placement Notice delivered by the Company to TD Cowen shall be deemed to be (i) an affirmation that the representations, warranties
and agreements of the Company herein contained and contained in any certificate delivered to TD Cowen pursuant hereto are true and correct
at the time of delivery of such Placement Notice, and (ii) an undertaking that such representations, warranties and agreements will be
true and correct on any applicable Time of Sale and Settlement Date, as though made at and as of each such time (it being understood that
such representations, warranties and agreements shall relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented
to the time of such Placement Notice acceptance).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conditions
to TD Cowen&rsquo;s Obligations</U>. The obligations of TD Cowen hereunder with respect to a Placement Notice will be subject to the continuing
accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company of its
obligations hereunder and thereunder, to the completion by TD Cowen of a due diligence review satisfactory to TD Cowen in its reasonable
judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by TD Cowen in its sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Registration
Statement Effective</U>. The Registration Statement shall be effective and shall be available for (i) all sales of Placement Shares issued
pursuant to all prior Placement Notices and (ii) the sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued pursuant to any Placement
Notice.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(b)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Material Notices</U>. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company or any of its subsidiaries
of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of
effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus; (ii)&nbsp;the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt
by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement
Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any
event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated or
deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration
Statement, related Prospectus or such documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(c)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Misstatement or Material Omission</U>. TD Cowen shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any
amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in TD Cowen&rsquo;s reasonable opinion is material, or omits
to state a fact that in TD Cowen&rsquo;s opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(d)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Material
Changes</U>. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company&rsquo;s reports filed with the Commission, there shall
not have been any material adverse change, on a consolidated basis, in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material Adverse
Change or any development that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change, or any downgrading in or withdrawal
of the rating assigned to any of the Company&rsquo;s securities (other than asset backed securities) by any rating organization or a public
announcement by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company&rsquo;s securities (other
than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described above, in the reasonable
judgment of TD Cowen (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is so material as to make it
impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(e)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Company
Counsels&rsquo; Legal Opinions and Negative Assurance Letter</U>. TD Cowen shall have received the opinions and negative assurance letter
of Company Counsels and Company IP Counsel required to be delivered pursuant to <U>Section 7(n)</U> on or before the date on which such
delivery of such opinions and negative assurance letter is required pursuant to <U>Section 7(n)</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(f)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>TD
Cowen Counsel Negative Assurance Letter</U>. TD Cowen shall have received from Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C., counsel
for TD Cowen, a negative assurance letter, on or before the date on which the delivery of the Company Counsels&rsquo; legal opinions and
negative assurance letter are required pursuant to <U>Section 7(n)</U>, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such documents
as they request for enabling them to pass upon such matters.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(g)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Comfort
Letter</U>. TD Cowen shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant to <U>Section 7(o)</U> on or before the
date on which such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant to <U>Section 7(o)</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(h)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Representation
Certificate</U>. TD Cowen shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;7(m)</U> on or before
the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to <U>Section 7(m)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(i)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Secretary&rsquo;s
Certificate</U>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date, TD Cowen shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by
its corporate secretary, in form and substance satisfactory to TD Cowen and its counsel.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(j)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Suspension</U>. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on Nasdaq.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(k)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Other
Materials</U>. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to <U>Section 7(m)</U>, the Company shall
have furnished to TD Cowen such appropriate further information, certificates and documents as TD Cowen may have reasonably requested.
All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents shall have been in compliance with the provisions hereof. The Company will
furnish TD Cowen with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as TD Cowen shall have reasonably
requested.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(l)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Securities
Act Filings Made</U>. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act have been filed prior to the issuance
of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(m)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Approval
for Listing</U>. The Placement Shares shall either have been (i) approved for listing on Nasdaq, subject only to notice of issuance, or
(ii) the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on Nasdaq at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement
Notice.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(n)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>No
Termination Event</U>. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit TD Cowen to terminate this Agreement pursuant to <U>Section
11(a)</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Indemnification
and Contribution</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Company
Indemnification</U>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless TD Cowen, its affiliates and each of their respective directors,
officers, partners, employees and agents of TD Cowen and each person, if any, who (i) controls TD Cowen within the meaning of Section
15 of <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">the Securities Act</FONT> or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, or (ii) is controlled by or is
under common control with TD Cowen from and against any and all losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including, but not
limited to, any and all reasonable and documented investigative, legal and other expenses incurred in connection with, and any and all
amounts paid in settlement (in accordance with <U>Section 9(c)</U>) of, any action, suit or proceeding between any of the indemnified
parties and any indemnifying parties or between any indemnified party and any third party, or otherwise, or any claim asserted), as and
when incurred, to which TD Cowen, or any such person, may become subject under <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">the </FONT>Securities
Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses,</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">claims,
liabilities, expenses or damages arise out of or are based, directly or indirectly, on (x) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement
of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus or in any free writing prospectus or in any application or other document executed by or on behalf of the Company or
based on written information furnished by or on behalf of the Company filed in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Common Stock under
the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission or (y) the omission or alleged omission to state in any such document a material
fact required to be stated in it or necessary to make the statements in it not misleading; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that this
indemnity agreement shall not apply to the extent that such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage arises from the sale of the Placement
Shares pursuant to this Agreement and is caused directly or indirectly by an untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in
conformity with solely Agent&rsquo;s Information. &ldquo;Agent&rsquo;s Information&rdquo; means, solely, the following information in
the Prospectus: the third sentence of the eighth paragraph and the tenth paragraph under the caption &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo;
in the Prospectus. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(b)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>TD
Cowen Indemnification</U>. TD Cowen agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company
that signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i)&nbsp;controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of
<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">the Securities Act</FONT> or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii) is controlled by or is under
common control with the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in
<U>Section 9(a)</U>, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions,
made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto) or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance
upon and in conformity with the Agent&rsquo;s Information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(c)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Procedure</U>.
Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this <U>Section 9 </U>will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement
of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this <U>Section
9</U>, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission
so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified
party otherwise than under this <U>Section 9</U> and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing
provision of this <U>Section 9</U> unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights
or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party
of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written
notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly
with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the
indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying
party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable
costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have
the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense
of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying
party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it
or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential
conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which
case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the
indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice
of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable and documented fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel
will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not,</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">in connection
with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable and documented fees, disbursements and
other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party
or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly as they are incurred.
An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent.
No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry
of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this <U>Section 9</U>
(whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release
of each indemnified party from all liability arising or that may arise out of such claim, action or proceeding. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(d)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;<U>Contribution</U>.
In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs
of this <U>Section 9</U> is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or TD
Cowen, the Company and TD Cowen will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative,
legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding
or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than TD Cowen, such as persons
who control the Company within the meaning of <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">the Securities Act</FONT>, officers of the Company
who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and
TD Cowen may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one
hand and TD Cowen on the other. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and TD Cowen on the other hand shall be
deemed to be in the same proportion as the total Net Proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received
by the Company bear to the total compensation received by TD Cowen from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but
only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be
made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the
relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and TD Cowen, on the other, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in
such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with
respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or
TD Cowen, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement
or omission. The Company and TD Cowen agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this <U>Section 9(d)</U>
were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations
referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage,
or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this <U>Section 9(d)</U> shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this <U>Section
9(d)</U>, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any
such action or claim to the extent consistent with <U>Section 9(c)</U> hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this <U>Section
9(d)</U>, TD Cowen shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and
no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">the
Securities Act</FONT>) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes
of this <U>Section 9(d)</U>, any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">the
Securities Act</FONT>, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of TD Cowen, will have the same rights to contribution
as that party, and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and each director of the Company will have the same
rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after
receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this
<U>Section 9(d)</U>, will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not
relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this <U>Section
9(d)</U> except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses
of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of <U>Section 9(c)</U>
hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent
is required pursuant to <U>Section 9(c)</U> hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Representations
and Agreements to Survive Delivery</U>. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in <U>Section 9</U> of this Agreement and
all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective
dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of TD Cowen, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their
respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii)
any termination of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Termination.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;TD
Cowen shall have the right by giving written notice as hereinafter specified at any time to terminate this Agreement if (i) any Material
Adverse Change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change has occurred that, in the
reasonable judgment of TD Cowen, may materially impair the ability of TD Cowen to sell the Placement Shares hereunder, (ii) the Company
shall have failed, refused or been unable to perform any agreement on its part to be performed hereunder, or (iii)&nbsp;any other condition
of TD Cowen&rsquo;s obligations hereunder is not fulfilled, or (iv), any suspension or limitation of trading in the Placement Shares or
in securities generally on Nasdaq shall have occurred. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party
except that the provisions of <U>Section 7(g)</U> (Expenses), <U>Section 9</U> (Indemnification and Contribution), <U>Section 10</U> (Representations
and Agreements to Survive Delivery), <U>Section 16</U> (Applicable Law; Consent to Jurisdiction) and <U>Section 17</U> (Waiver of Jury
Trial) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If TD Cowen elects to terminate this Agreement as
provided in this <U>Section 11(a)</U>, TD Cowen shall provide the required notice as specified in <U>Section 12</U> (Notices).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(b)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;The
Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days&rsquo; notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion
at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that
the provisions of <U>Section 7(g)</U>, <U>Section 9</U>, <U>Section 10</U>, <U>Section 16</U> and <U>Section 17</U> hereof shall remain
in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(c)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;TD
Cowen shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days&rsquo; notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion
at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that
the provisions of <U>Section 7(g)</U>, <U>Section 9</U>, <U>Section 10</U>, <U>Section 16</U> and <U>Section 17</U> hereof shall remain
in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(d)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;Unless
earlier terminated pursuant to this <U>Section 11</U>, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all
of the Placement Shares through TD Cowen on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein; <I>provided</I> that the provisions
of <U>Section 7(g)</U>, <U>Section 9</U>, <U>Section 10</U>, <U>Section 16</U> and <U>Section 17</U> hereof shall remain in full force
and effect notwithstanding such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(e)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;This
Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to <U>Sections 11(a)</U>, <U>(b)</U>, <U>(c), or (d)</U> above
or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; <I>provided, however, </I>that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all
cases be deemed to provide that <U>Section 7(g)</U>, <U>Section 9</U>, <U>Section 10</U>, <U>Section 16</U> and <U>Section 17</U> shall
remain in full force and effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(f)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;Any
termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; <I>provided, however,</I> that such
termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by TD Cowen or the Company, as the
case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall
settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notices</U>.
All notices or other communications <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">required or permitted to be given by any party to any other
party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement </FONT>shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, and if sent to
TD Cowen, shall be delivered to TD Cowen at TD Securities (USA) LLC, 1 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, fax no. 646-562-1130, Attention:
Head of Equity Capital Markets, email: CIBLegal@tdsecurities.com; or if sent to the Company, shall be delivered to Anavex Life Sciences
Corp., 630 5th Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10111, attention: Christopher Missling, email: [ ], with a copy to
K&amp;L Gates LLP, attention: Clayton Parker, Esq., email: Clayton.Parker@klgates.com. Each party to this Agreement may change such address
for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">Each
such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with an
original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day (as defined below), or, if such day is not a Business
Day on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier
and (iii) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested,
postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<B><U>Business Day</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean any day on which the Nasdaq and
commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and TD Cowen and their respective successors
and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in <U>Section 9</U> hereof. References to any of the parties
contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">Nothing
in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors
and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided
in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other
party; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that TD Cowen may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate of TD Cowen without
obtaining the Company&rsquo;s consent.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">14. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Adjustments
for Share Splits</U>. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to
take into account any share split, share dividend or similar event effected with respect to the Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Entire
Agreement; Amendment; Severability</U>. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued
pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both
written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">Neither this
Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and TD Cowen. In the event
that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable
as written </FONT>by a court of competent jurisdiction<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">, </FONT>then such provision shall be given
full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">valid, legal and enforceable,</FONT>
and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">invalid, illegal
or unenforceable </FONT>term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the
remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Applicable
Law; Consent to Jurisdiction</U>. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State
of New York without regard to the principles of conflicts of laws. <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.15pt">Each party hereby irrevocably
submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, borough of Manhattan, for the
adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection with any transaction contemplated hereby, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees
not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that
such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper.
Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested) to such party at the address in effect for notices
to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing
contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">17. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Waiver
of Jury Trial</U>. The Company and TD Cowen each hereby irrevocably waives any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any
claim based upon or arising out of this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">18. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Absence
of Fiduciary Relationship</U><I>. </I>The Company acknowledges and agrees that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;TD
Cowen has been retained solely to act as an arm&rsquo;s length contractual counterparty to the Company in connection with the sale of
the Placement Shares contemplated hereby and that no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and TD Cowen has been
created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether TD Cowen has advised or is advising
the Company on other matters;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(b)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;the
Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(c)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;the
Company has been advised that TD Cowen and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that
differ from those of the Company and that TD Cowen has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue
of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(d)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;the
Company waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against TD Cowen, for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged
breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that TD Cowen shall have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Company in respect of such
a fiduciary claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on behalf of or in right of the Company, including stockholders, partners,
employees or creditors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">19. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Counterparts</U>.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall
constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile or other
electronic transmission (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com
or www.echosign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered
and be valid and effective for all purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">20. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Recognition
of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(a)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;In
the event that TD Cowen is a Covered Entity and becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from
TD Cowen of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer
would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by
the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(b)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;In
the event that TD Cowen is a Covered Entity and TD Cowen or a BHC Act Affiliate of TD Cowen becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S.
Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against TD Cowen are permitted to be exercised to
no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed
by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">(c)&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#9;For
purposes of this Section 20; (a) &ldquo;<B><U>BHC Act Affiliate</U></B>&rdquo; has the meaning assigned to the term &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo;
in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. &sect; 1841(k), (b) &ldquo;<B><U>Covered Entity</U></B>&rdquo; means any of
the following: (i) a &ldquo;covered entity&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect;&nbsp;252.82(b);
(ii) a &ldquo;covered bank&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect;&nbsp;47.3(b); or (iii)
a &ldquo;covered FSI&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect;&nbsp;382.2(b), (c) &ldquo;<B><U>Default
Right</U></B>&rdquo; has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect;&sect; 252.81,
47.2 or 382.1, as applicable, and (d) &ldquo;<B><U>U.S. Special Resolution Regime</U></B>&rdquo; means each of (i) the Federal Deposit
Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection
Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 58.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">If the foregoing correctly sets
forth the understanding between the Company and TD Cowen, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this
letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and TD Cowen.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very
    truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; width: 50%; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; width: 43%; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>TD
    SECURITIES (USA) LLC</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">s/
    Michael Murphy</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael
    Murphy</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Managing
    Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ACCEPTED
    as of the date</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>first-above
    written:</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ANAVEX
    LIFE SCIENCES CORP.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Christopher Missling</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Christopher
    Missling, PhD</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive
    Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B><U>SCHEDULE 1</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">form of PLACEMENT NOTICE</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-decoration: none">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">From:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">[ &#9;]</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -72pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">Cc:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">[ &#9;]</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
                                                                                                             <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>To: </TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">[ &#9;]</TD></TR>
                                                                                                             </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -72pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm">Subject: &#9;TD Cowen At the Market
Offering&mdash;Placement Notice</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">Pursuant to the terms and subject
to the conditions contained in the Sales Agreement between Anavex Life Sciences Corp. (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), and TD Securities
(USA) LLC (&ldquo;<U>TD Cowen</U>&rdquo;) dated July 25, 2025 (the &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;), I hereby request on behalf of the
Company that TD Cowen sell up to [ ] shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a minimum market price
of $[ ] per share. Sales should begin on the date of this Notice and shall continue until [DATE] [all shares are sold].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B><U>SCHEDULE 2</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Notice Parties</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Company</U></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Christopher Missling</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sandra Boenisch</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>TD Cowen</U></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael J. Murphy</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Managing Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">William Follis</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Managing Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adriano Pierroz</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Megan Sanford</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Associate</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ines Gomez Lagandara</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Analyst</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B><U>SCHEDULE 3</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Compensation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">TD Cowen shall be paid compensation equal to up to 3.0%
of the gross proceeds from the sales of Common Stock pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>e6735_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>EXHIBIT 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">July 25, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Anavex Life Sciences Corp.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">51 West 52<SUP>nd</SUP> Street, 7<SUP>th</SUP> Floor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">New York, New York 10019-6163</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#9;Re:&#9;Prospectus Supplement&#9;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as special counsel
to Anavex Life Sciences Corp. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) in connection with the prospectus supplement dated July 25, 2025 (the &ldquo;Prospectus
Supplement&rdquo;), filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;) relating to the registration of up to $150,000,000 in shares of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;Placement Shares&rdquo;) to be issued and sold through TD Securities (USA) LLC (&ldquo;TD
Cowen&rdquo;) pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement between the Company and TD Cowen dated July 25, 2025 (the &ldquo;Sales Agreement&rdquo;).
The Prospectus Supplement is part of the Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (Registration No. 333-288661) filed with the SEC on July
14, 2025, and declared effective on July 23, 2025 (the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;). Capitalized terms used in this letter which
are not otherwise defined shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Prospectus Supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You have requested our opinion
as to the matters set forth below in connection with the Prospectus Supplement. For purposes of rendering this opinion, we have examined
the Registration Statement, the Prospectus Supplement, the Sales Agreement, the Company&rsquo;s articles of incorporation, as amended,
and bylaws, as amended, and the corporate action of the Company that provides for the issuance of the Placement Shares, and we have made
such other investigation as we have deemed appropriate. We have examined and relied upon certificates of public officials and, as to certain
matters of fact that are material to our opinion, we have also relied on certificates made by officers of the Company. In rendering our
opinion, in addition to the assumptions that are customary in opinion letters of this kind, we have assumed the genuineness of signatures
on the documents we have examined, the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies, and that
the Company will have sufficient authorized and unissued shares of common stock available with respect to any of the Placement Shares
issued after the date of this letter. We have not verified any of these assumptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is rendered as of
the date of this letter and is limited to matters of Nevada corporate law, including applicable provisions of the Nevada Constitution
and reported judicial decisions interpreting those laws. We express no opinion as to the laws of any other state, the federal law of the
United States, or the effect of any applicable federal or state securities laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Based upon and subject to the
foregoing, it is our opinion that the Placement Shares are duly authorized for issuance by the Company, and, when issued in accordance
with the terms of the Sales Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">We consent to the filing of this
opinion as an exhibit to the 8-K related to the Prospectus Supplement and to the reference to this firm under the caption &ldquo;Legal
Matters&rdquo;. In giving our consent we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7
of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations under such act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%">Best,</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>Snell &amp; Wilmer L.L.P.</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>avxl-20250725_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 25, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 25,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-37606<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ANAVEX
LIFE SCIENCES CORP.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001314052<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">98-0608404<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">630 5th Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">20th Floor<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">New York<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">10111<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">844<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">689-3939<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.001 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">AVXL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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