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INCOME TAXES (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 1,542 |  |  | $ | 18,733 |  |  | $ | 655 |
State | 628 |  |  | 1,829 |  |  | 1,466 |
Foreign | 10,459 |  |  | 12,482 |  |  | 10,599 |
| 12,629 |  |  | 33,044 |  |  | 12,720 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 11,887 |  |  | (3,066 | ) |  | 13,279 |
State | 905 |  |  | (2,412 | ) |  | 645 |
Foreign | (3,067 | ) |  | 1,507 |  |  | (280 | )
| 9,725 |  |  | (3,971 | ) |  | 13,644 |
Total | $ | 22,354 |  |  | $ | 29,073 |  |  | $ | 26,364 |
Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Tax Rate to Consolidated Effective Tax Rate | The reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate was as follows:
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Federal statutory tax rate | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
Effect of state income taxes, net of federal deduction | 1.4 | % |  | (0.6 | )% |  | 1.8 | %
Foreign taxes less than federal statutory rate | (7.2 | )% |  | (3.5 | )% |  | (3.2 | )%
Share-based compensation | (1.2 | )% |  | — | % |  | — | %
Other | (4.8 | )% |  | (0.4 | )% |  | (4.2 | )%
Effective tax rate | 23.2 | % |  | 30.5 | % |  | 29.4 | %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
| 2017 |  | 2016
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Pension and postretirement benefits | $ | 45,654 |  |  | $ | 46,282 |
Accruals and reserves not currently deductible | 20,579 |  |  | 26,214 |
Income tax credit carryforward | 3,313 |  |  | 10,080 |
Operating and capital loss carryforwards | 23,610 |  |  | 25,258 |
Stock options | 8,614 |  |  | 6,544 |
Other | 2,782 |  |  | 5,246 |
Total deferred tax assets | 104,552 |  |  | 119,624 |
Valuation allowances | (20,866 | ) |  | (22,412 | )
Net deferred tax assets | 83,686 |  |  | 97,212 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation | (4,763 | ) |  | (5,207 | )
Unrealized gains and losses | (10,446 | ) |  | (5,640 | )
Goodwill and intangible assets | (203,957 | ) |  | (190,541 | )
Other | (1,494 | ) |  | (2,087 | )
| (220,660 | ) |  | (203,475 | )
Net deferred tax liability | $ | (136,974 | ) |  | $ | (106,263 | )
Changes in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | Changes in the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding penalties and interest) are as follows:
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 13,820 |  |  | $ | 4,086 |  |  | $ | 4,311 |
Increase from acquisition | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Increases for tax positions of prior years | 839 |  |  | 5,762 |  |  | 475 |
Decreases for tax positions of prior years | (5,890 | ) |  | (166 | ) |  | (155 | )
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year | 378 |  |  | 5,456 |  |  | 635 |
Decreases due to settlements with taxing authorities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27 | )
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitation | (1,179 | ) |  | (1,318 | ) |  | (1,153 | )
Balance, end of year | $ | 7,968 |  |  | $ | 13,820 |  |  | $ | 4,086 |
Summary of Income Tax Contingencies | As of September 30, 2017, the tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction generally are:
United States - Federal | 2013 and forward
United States - State | 2013 and forward
Canada | 2013 and forward
Germany | 2009 and forward
United Kingdom | 2015 and forward
Australia | 2013 and forward
Singapore | 2012 and forward

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